翻译模板

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毕业设计中英文翻译【范本模板】

英文The road (highway)The road is one kind of linear construction used for travel。

It is made of the roadbed，the road surface, the bridge, the culvert and the tunnel. In addition, it also has the crossing of lines, the protective project and the traffic engineering and the route facility。

The roadbed is the base of road surface, road shoulder，side slope, side ditch foundations. It is stone material structure, which is designed according to route's plane position .The roadbed, as the base of travel, must guarantee that it has the enough intensity and the stability that can prevent the water and other natural disaster from corroding.The road surface is the surface of road. It is single or complex structure built with mixture。

The road surface require being smooth，having enough intensity，good stability and anti—slippery function. The quality of road surface directly affects the safe, comfort and the traffic。

英文翻译模板

江西理工大学应用科学院院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系：信息工程系专业：计算机班级：072班姓名：熊聪聪学号： 5号附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。

注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。

基于DirectX和C#的3D游戏引擎编程介绍导言介绍3D游戏引擎设计使用DirectX 9和C＃说明了创建一个简单的3D游戏引擎的过程。

在这个过程中，作者演示了琳哈里森通过DirectX 9的鲜明例子说明和软件的许多方面。

纵观本书中，您将开发一个越野赛车游戏带来的大场景，环境影响，并发挥物理管理等功能。

写游戏，你将使用最先进的技术，C＃和DirectX和。

NET框架，而且你会超越简单的图形，探索音频，用户输入，人工智能和多人的设计。

第一章：概述这一章看看几种不同类型的游戏引擎，以及游戏和游戏引擎之间的区别。

游戏引擎的设计比游戏本身里的硬编码渲染和游戏逻辑需要更多的考量。

好处是，对底层技术更好的重用性以及总体设计的清晰性。

第二章：用户接口游戏的用户接口提供输出给玩家信息和获取玩家命令的方法。

这一章研究显示信息的几种方式：splash screens，选项屏幕，以及控制台屏幕。

也考虑使用DirectInput获取玩家键盘，鼠标和手柄的输入。

第三章：Hanging Ten :走马观花渲染流水线在深入到三维对象实际渲染之前，最好是对渲染流水线先有个基本的了解。

这一章将带领你走马观花般了解一下固定渲染流水线包括的几个典型步骤。

这包含操作摄像机，以便在游戏中提供视点。

也给出了将会使用在所有渲染对象中的一个基础类。

剔除对象和提高效率的其他技术也会被研究。

这些步骤的实际讲解出现在第四章到第八章。

第四章：基础的3D对象这一章是接下来两章中的第一章，处理游戏中使用的各种类型的对象的渲染。

这些对象包含天空盒，用来提供远景；地形渲染，提供可以在上面移动的表面；简单的对称对象，公告牌；以及粒子系统。

粒子系统是一个非常强大的工具，可以使用在微小对象的动态系统中，包括流动的水，火，烟火和流沙。

全部翻译模板

身份证Name ………….SexFemale Nationality HanD.O.B 30 Jan …………. Address …………. Serial No ………….The People's Republic of Chinaresident identity cardIssuing authority: Futian, …………. City Public Security Bureau Branch Validity: 2004.06.08-2024.06.08户口本ATTENTION1.Residents Booklet have the force of law with proof of citizenship and relationshipbetween family members. It is the main basis for the Household Registration Office to investigating and verifying the situation of the residence. House owner and family members should hand in the Residents Booklet when the household registration officer investigate and check the household registration2.House owner should keep the Residents Booklet safely. It should not be altered,transfer, lend. Please report Household Registration Office. when being lost.3.The rights of registration of Residents Booklet belong to Household RegistrationOffice. Any other unit or individuals shall not make any records in the booklet4.House owner should register the changes of family members or the other contents.5.All family members moving out of residence jurisdiction should hand in ResidentsBooklet to Household Registration Office.Permanent resident population's registerSeal of Registrar:Issued Date:28 Mar 2000房产证The People's Republic of Chinahousing ownership certificateManufactured under the supervision of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of P eople’s of Republic China (2008 Edition)Buding Registration No:According to 《P eople’s Republic of China Property Law》，housing ownership certificate is the proof of owner who have housing ownershipRegistrar(Seal): Beijing Real Estate Management and Housing Security BureauHousing ownership certificate X Jing Xuan housing ownership NO .040359Real Estate PlanAttention1.This card is the right to enjoy housing ownership proof.2.Housing owners, interested persons have right to inquiry theregistration authorities about the housing information according to the law .3.This card records the matters inconsistent with the housing register,unless there is evidence that housing register are errors, subject to the Housing Register.4.In addition to housing registration agency, other units or individualscan not add terms or stamped with official seal.5.This card should be properly kept and, if lost, damaged, may apply fora replacement.No:工作单位证明TO: FRANCE EMBASSYDear Sir,This is to certify that Mr.________ works as _____(职务) in_______Co., Ltd. We understand that he wants to go to Europe for a travel from ?th Feb to ? th Feb in 2010.All the expenses including air tickets, transportation, accommodation and medical insurance will be covered by him. We hereby guarantee that he will abide by the laws in the country and return in due time and still work in __________Co., Ltd after the visit in France.Name Date of Birth PassportNo. Monthly IncomeYour kind approval of this application will be highly appreciated.Best Regards!Company Name: __________ Co., Ltd.Company Add:Name & Position of Charge Person: __________ Director of Human Resource Department Siganature:Contact Tel:Date: 10 Jan 2010Seal:__________ Co., Ltd.证明信兹证明 ____ 是我公司的_____ （职务），他将于 2010 年？月 ? 日至？月 ? 日期间到欧洲旅游，我们保证其旅行期间遵守欧洲法律及法规并如期回国。

中英互译模板

中英互译模板中英互译是指将中文翻译成英文或将英文翻译成中文的过程。

对于许多人来说，中英互译是一项具有挑战性和困难的任务。

然而，掌握一些基本的中英互译技巧和方法，可以帮助我们更好地完成这项任务。

中英互译模板是一个结构化的指导文件，它可以帮助我们组织我们的思维，确定翻译的主要要点，并确保翻译的准确性和一致性。

下面是一个常用的中英互译模板：1.标题翻译-中文标题：XXXX-英文标题：XXXX2.段落翻译i.原文段落XXXXXXXXiii.翻译说明XXXX（包括使用的翻译方法、工具或参考资料）3.重点句子翻译i.原文句子XXXXii.译文句子XXXXiii.翻译说明XXXX（包括使用的翻译方法、工具或参考资料）4.核心词汇翻译i.原文词汇XXXXXXXXiii.翻译说明XXXX（包括使用的翻译方法、工具或参考资料）5.语法翻译i.原文句子XXXXii.译文句子XXXXiii.翻译说明XXXX（包括使用的翻译方法、工具或参考资料）6.上下文翻译i.原文句子XXXXXXXXiii.翻译说明XXXX（包括使用的翻译方法、工具或参考资料）使用以上中英互译模板可以帮助我们规范翻译的过程，提高翻译的质量和准确性。

此外，还可以根据具体的翻译任务，灵活调整模板的内容和结构。

总结起来，中英互译模板是一种有组织的指导文件，可以帮助我们有效地进行中英互译。

通过使用模板，我们可以更好地组织翻译思路，确定要点，提高翻译质量和准确性。

这是一项非常有用的工具，特别是对于初学者和有需求的人来说。

希望这个中英互译模板对你有所帮助！。

中文译文模板--外文翻译

中文翻译题目(模版)
摘要：
摘要部分需空两格进行书写，单倍行距，字体为宋体4号字体。

摘要内容需符合原翻译内容。

介绍：
正文部分一律用宋体4号字，单倍行距。

对于文献翻译中的公式一律需要用mathtype手写输入，不能针对文献翻译内容截图。

每一个公式都有相应的公式编号，采用右对其的方式。

例如：
eff=2p m (1)
f
1
对于文献翻译中的图表可以进行截图，但是对于图表的注解一律用中文说明，例如：
图1: 驱动电压和消光比的关系图
总结：
本论文主要的研究内容是，
参考文献：(文献字体为4号字体为Times New Roman)
1、
2、。

英文翻译参考模板

英文翻译参考模板InstructionYour Paper's Title Starts Here: Please Centeruse Helvetica (Arial) 14FULL First Author1, a, FULL Second Author2,b and Last Author3,c1Full address of first author, including country2Full address of second author, including country3List all distinct addresses in the same waya email,b email,c emailKeywords:List the keywords covered in your paper. These keywords will also be used by the publisher to produce a keyword index.For the rest of the paper, please use Times Roman (Times New Roman) 12Abstract.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Please make the page settings of your word processor to A4 format (21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in), right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in).We shall be able to publish your paper in electronic form on our web page , if the paper format and the margins are correct.Your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. Please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc.IntroductionAll manuscripts must be in English, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper.Please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. When receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. Should authors use tables or figures from other Publications, they must ask the corresponding publishers to grant them the right to publish this material in their paper.Use italic for emphasizing a word or phrase. Do not use boldface typing or capital letters except for section headings (cf. remarks on section headings, below).Organization of the TextSection Headings. The section headings are in boldface capital and lowercase letters. Second level headings are typed as part of the succeeding paragraph (like the subsection heading of this paragraph).Page Numbers. Do not number your paper:Tables. Tables (refer with: Table 1, Table 2, ...) should be presented as part of the text, but in such a way as to avoid confusion with the text. A descriptive title should be placed above each table. Units in tables should be given in square brackets [meV]. If square brackets are not available, use curly {meV} or standard brackets (meV).Special Signs. for example , αγμΩ () ≥ ± ● Γ {1120}should always be written in with the fonts Times New Roman or Arial, especially also in the figures and tables.Macros. Do not use any macros for the figures and tables. (We will not be able to convert such papers into our system)Language. All text, figures and tables must be in English.Figures. Figures (refer with: Fig. 1, Fig. 2, ...) also should be presented as part of the text, leaving enough space so that the caption will not be confused with the text. The caption should be self-contained and placed below or beside the figure. Generally, only original drawings or photographic reproductions are acceptable. Only very good photocopies are acceptable. Utmost care must be taken to insert the figures in correct alignment with the text. Half-tone pictures should be in the form of glossy prints. If possible, please include your figures as graphic images in the electronic version. For best quality the pictures should have a resolution of 300 dpi(dots per inch).Color figures are welcome for the online version of the journal. Generally, these figures will be reduced to black and white for the print version. The author should indicate on the checklist if he wishes to have them printed in full color and make the necessary payments in advance.Equations. Equations (refer with: Eq. 1, Eq. 2, ...) should be indented 5 mm (0.2"). There should be one line of space above the equation and one line of space below it before the text continues. The equations have to be numbered sequentially, and the number put in parentheses at the right-hand edge of the text. Equations should be punctuated as if they were an ordinary part of the text. Punctuation appears after the equation but before the equation number, e.g.c2 = a2 + b2. (1)Literature ReferencesReferences are cited in the text just by square brackets [1]. (If square brackets are not available, slashes may be used instead, e.g. /2/.) Two or more references at a time may be put in one set of brackets [3,4]. The references are to be numbered in the order in which they are cited in the text and are to be listed at the end of the contribution under a heading References, see our example below. SummaryIf you follow the “checklist” your paper will conform to the requirements of the publisher and facilitate a problem-free publication process.References[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2000) 51-59.Reference to a book:[2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, third ed., Macmillan, New York, 1979. Reference to a chapter in an edited book:[3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 1999, pp. 281-304.[4] R.J. Ong, J.T. Dawley and P.G. Clem: submitted to Journal of Materials Research (2003)[5] P.G. Clem, M. Rodriguez, J.A. Voigt and C.S. Ashley, U.S. Patent 6,231,666. (2001)[6] Information on 。

(完整版)身份证件英文翻译模板

1
身份证正面中英文对照
（翻译注意）
1、人名翻译法：即汉语拼音，姓的第一个字母需大写；单名的第一个字母需大写，双名的第一个字第一个字母大写，第二个字不用大写。

如果有英文名，则参考Mark Ma （前英文名后姓）
2、female 女性 male 男性
3、出生年月日的翻译：“月日逗号年”的顺序，如：1980年
3月3日翻译为March 30, 1980 （一月January 二月February 三月March 四月 April 五月May 六月June 七月 July 八月August 九月September 十月October 十一月November 十二月December ）
4、地址翻译法：和中文不同，先小后大的顺序。

（房/室： Room ，如202房Room NO. 202 栋/楼：Building 路： Road 街：Street 区：District 小区/社区/楼盘：Residential Quarter 市：City 省：Province ）
身份证反面中英文对照
（翻译注意）
1、签发机关：分局Branch 公安局 Public Security Bureau
2、有效期限：“月日逗号年”的顺序。

外文翻译原文模板

1、外文资料翻译内容要求：外文资料的内容应为本学科研究领域，并与毕业设计（论文）选题相关的技术资料或专业文献，译文字数应不少于3000汉字以上，同时应在译文末注明原文的出处。

不可采用网络中直接有外文和原文的。

2、外文资料翻译格式要求：译文题目采用小二号黑体，居中；译文正文采用宋体小四号，段前、段后距为0行；行距：固定值20磅。

英文原文如果为打印的话用新罗马（Times New Roman）小四号字。

装订时原文在前，译文在后。

文章中有引用的地方在原文中也要体现。

参考文献也要翻译成中文！An Energy-Efficient Cooperative Algorithm for Data Estimation inWireless Sensor NetworksAbstract – In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), nodes operate on batteries and network’s lifetime depends on energy consumption of the nodes. Consider the class of sensor networks where all nodes sense a single phenomenon at different locations and send messages to a Fusion Center (FC) in order to estimate the actual information. In classical systems all data processing tasks are done in the FC and there is no processing or compression before transmission. In the proposed algorithm, network is divided into clusters and data processing is done in two parts. The first part is performed in each cluster at the sensor nodes after local data sharing and the second part will be done at the Fusion Center after receiving all messages from clusters. Local data sharing results in more efficient data transmission in terms of number of bits. We also take advantage of having the same copy of data at all nodes of each cluster and suggest a virtual Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (V-MIMO) architecture for data transmission from clusters to the FC. A Virtual-MIMO network is a set of distributed nodes each having one antenna. By sharing their data among themselves, these nodes turn into a classical MIMO system. In the previously proposed cooperative/virtual MIMO architectures there has not been any data processing or compression in the conference phase. We modify the existing VMIMO algorithms to suit the specific class of sensor networks that is of our concern. We use orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (STBC) for MIMO part and by simulation show that this algorithm saves considerable energy compared to classical systems.I. INTRODUCTIONA typical Wireless Sensor Network consists of a set of small, low-cost and energy-limited sensor nodes which are deployed in a field in order to observe a phenomenon and transmit it to a Fusion Center (FC). These sensors are deployed close to one another and their readings of the environment are highly correlated. Their objective is to report a descriptive behavior of the environment based on all measurements to the Fusion Center. This diversity in measurement lets the system become more reliable and robust against failure. In general, each node is equipped with a sensing device, a processor and a communication module (which can be either a transmitter or transmitter/receiver).Sensor nodes are equipped with batteries and are supposed to work for a long period of time without battery replacement. Thus, they are limited in energy and one of the most important issues in designing sensor networks will be the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. To deal with this problem, we might either reduce the number of bits to be transmitted by source compression or reduce the required power for transmission by applying advanced transmission techniques while satisfying certain performance requirement.A lot of research has been done in order to take advantage of the correlation among sensors’ data for reducing the number of bits to be transmitted. Some are based on distributed source coding[1]while others use decentralized estimation[2-5]. In [1], authors present an efficient algorithm that applies distributed compression based on Slepian – Wolf[14] encoding technique and use an adaptive signal processing algorithm to track correlation among sensors data. In [2-5] the problem of decentralized estimation in sensor networks has been studied under different constraints. In these algorithms, sensors perform a local quantization on their data considering that their observations are correlated with that of other sensors. They produce a binary message and send it to the FC. FC combines these messages based on the quantization rules used at the sensor nodes and estimates the unknown parameter. Optimal local quantization and final fusion rules are investigated in these works. The distribution of data assumed for sensor observation in these papers has Uniform probability distribution function. In our model we consider Gaussian distribution introduced in [17] for sensor measurements which ismore likely to reality.As an alternative approach, some works have been done using energy-efficient communication techniques such as cooperative/virtual Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission in sensor networks [6-11]. In these works, as each sensor is equipped with one antenna, nodes are able to form a virtual MIMO system by performing cooperation with others. In [6] the application of MIMO techniques in sensor networks based on Alamouti[15] space-time block codes was introduced. In [8,9] energy-efficiency of MIMO techniques has been explored analytically and in [7] a combination of distributed signal processing algorithm presented and in [1] cooperative MIMO was studied.In this paper, we consider both techniques of compression and cooperative transmission at the same time. We reduce energy consumption in two ways; 1) processing data in part at the transmitting side, which results in removing redundant information thus having fewer bits to be transmitted and 2) reducing required transmission energy by applying diversity and Space-Time coding. Both of these goals will be achieved by our proposed two-phase algorithm. In our model, the objective is to estimate the unknown parameter which is basically the average of all nodes’ measurements. That is, exact measurements of individual nodes are not important and it is not necessary to spend a lot of energy and bandwidth to transmit all measured data with high precision to the FC. We can move some part of data processing to the sensors side. This can be done by local data sharing among sensors. We divide the network into clusters of ‘m’ members. The number of members in the cluster (m) is both the compression factor in data processing and also the diversity order in virtual-MIMO architecture. The remaining of this paper is organized as following: in section II we introduce our system model and basic assumptions. In section III we propose our collaborative algorithm. In section IV we present the mathematical analysis of the proposed algorithm and in section V we give some numerical simulations. Finally section VI concludes the paper.II. SYSTEM MODELA. Network ModelThe network model that we use is similar to the one presented in [2-5].Our network consists of N distributed Sensor Nodes (SN) and a Fusion Center (FC). Sensors are deployed uniformly in the field, close to one another and each taking observations on an unknown parameter (θ). Fusion Center is located far from the nodes. All nodes observe same phenomenon but with different measurements. These nodes together with the Fusion Center are supposed to find the value of the unknown parameter. Nodes send binary messages to Fusion Center. FC will process the received messages and estimate the unknown value.B. Data ModelIn our formulation we use the data model introduced in[17]. We assume that all sensors observe the same phenomenon (θ) which has Gaussian distribution with variance σx 2. They observe different versions of θ and we model this difference as an additive zero mean Gaussian noisewith variance σn 2. Therefore, sensor observations will be described byn i i θx += （1） Where θ ~ N (0, σx 2) and n i ~ N (0, σn 2) for i = 1, 2, … , N .Based on thisassumption the value of θ can be estimated by taking the numerical average of the nodes observations, i.e.∑==N i i x N 11θ（2）C. Reference System ModelOur reference system consists of N conventional Single Input Single Output (SISO) wireless links, each connecting one of the sensor nodes to the FC. For the reference system we do not consider any communication or cooperation among the sensors. Therefore each sensor quantizes its observation by an L-bit scalar quantizer designed for distribution of θ, generates a message of length L and transmits it directly to the FC. Fusion Center receives all messages and performs the processing, which is calculation of the numerical average of these messages.III. COOPERATIVE DATA PROCESSING ALGORITHMSensor readings are analog quantities. Therefore, each sensor has to compress its data into several bits. For data compression we use L -bit scalar quantizer [12,13].In our algorithm, network is divided into clusters, each cluster having a fixed and pre-defined number of members (m). Members of each cluster are supposed to cooperate with one another in two ways:1. Share, Process and Compress their data2. Cooperatively transmit their processed data using virtual MIMO.IV. ANALYSISThe performance metric considered in our analysis is the total distortion due to compression and errors occurred during transmission. The first distortion is due to finite length quantizer, used in each sensor to represent the analog number by L bits. This distortion depends on the design of quantizer.We consider a Gaussian scalar quantizer which is designed over 105 randomly generated samples. The second distortion is due to errors occurred during transmission through the channel. In our system, this distortion is proportional to the probability of bit error. Since the probability of bit error (Pe) is a function of transmission energy per bit (Eb), total distortion will be a function of Eb. In this section we characterize the transmission and total consumed energy of sensors and find the relationship between distortion and probability of bit error.V. SIMULATION AND NUMERICAL RESULTS To give a numerical example, we assume m = 4 members in each cluster. Therefore our Virtual-MIMO scheme will consist of 4 transmit antennas. We assume that network has N = 32 sensors. Sensor observations are Gaussian with σx2= 1 and are added to a Gaussian noise of σn2= 0.1 .Nodes are deployed uniformly in the field and are 2 meters apart from each other and the Fusion Center is located 100 meters away from the center of the field. The values for circuit parameters are quoted from [6] and are listed in Table I. These parameters depend on the hardware design and technological advances. Fig. 1 illustrates the performance (Distortion) of reference system and proposed two-phase V-MIMO scheme versus transmission energy consumption in logarithmic scale. As shown in the figures, depending on how much precision is needed in the system, we can save energy by applying the proposed algorithm.TABLE IFig. 2 illustrates the Distortion versus total energy consumption of sensor nodes. That is, in this figure we consider both the transmission and circuit energy consumption. The parameters that lead us to these results may be designed to give better performance than presented here. However, from these figures we can conclude that the proposed algorithm outperforms the reference system when we want to have distortion less than 10−3 and it can save energy as high as 10 dB.VI. CONCLUSIONIn this paper we proposed a novel algorithm which takes advantage of cooperation among sensor nodes in two ways: it not only compresses the set of sensor messages at the sensor nodes into one message, appropriate for final estimation but also encodes them into orthogonal space-time symbols which are easy to decode and energy-efficient. This algorithm is able to save energy as high as 10 dB.REFERENCES[1] J.Chou,D.Petrovic and K.Ramchandran “A distributed and adaptive signalprocessing approach to reducing energy consumption in sensornetworks,”Proc. IEEE INFOCOM,March 2003.[2] Z.Q.Luo, “Universal decentralized estimation in a bandwidth constrainedsensor network,” IEEE rmation The ory, vol.51,no.6,June 2005.[3] Z.Q.Luo,“An Isotropic Universal decentralized estimation scheme for abandwidth constrained Ad Hoc sensor network,”IEEEm. vol.23,no. 4,April 2005.[4] Z.Q.Luo and J.-J. Xiao, “Decentralized estimation i n an inhomogeneoussensing environment,” IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol.51, no.10,October 2005.[5] J.J.Xiao,S.Cui,Z.-Q.Luo and A.J.Goldsmith, “Joint estimation in sensornetworks under energy constraints,” Proc.IEEE First conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, (SECON 04),October 2004.[6] S.Cui, A.J.Goldsmith, and A.Bahai,“Energy-efficiency of MIMO andcooperative MIMO techniques in sensor networks,”IEEEm,vol.22, no.6pp.1089–1098,August 2004.[7] S.K.Jayawe era and M.L.Chebolu, “Virtual MIMO and distributed signalprocessing for sensor networks-An integrated approach”,Proc.IEEEInternational Conf. Comm.(ICC 05)May 2005.[8] S.K.Jayaweera,"Energy efficient virtual MIMO-based CooperativeCommunications for Wireless Sensor Networks",2nd International Conf. on Intelligent Sensing and Information Processing (ICISIP 05),January 2005.[9] S.K.Jayaweera,“Energy Analysis of MIMO Techniques in Wireless SensorNetworks”, 38th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS 04),March 2004.[10] S.K.Jayaweera and M.L.Chebolu,“Virtual MIMO and Distributed SignalProcessing for Sensor Networks - An Integrated Approach”,IEEEInternational Conf.on Communications (ICC 05),May 2005.[11] S.K.Jayaweera,“An Energy-efficient Virtual MIMO CommunicationsArchitecture Based on V-BLAST Processing for Distributed WirelessSensor Networks”,1st IEEE International Conf.on Sensor and Ad-hocCommunications and Networks (SECON 2004), October 2004.[12] J.Max,“Quantizing for minimum distortion,” IRE rmationTheory,vol.IT-6, pp.7 – 12,March 1960.[13] S.P.Lloyd,“Least squares quantization in PCM ,”IEEE rmationTheory,vol.IT-28, pp.129-137,March 1982.[14] D.Slepian and J.K.Wolf “Noiseless encoding of correlated inf ormationsources,” IEEE Trans. on Information Theory,vol.19, pp.471-480,July1973.[15] S.M.Alamouti,“A simple transmit diversity technique for wirelesscommunications,” IEEE m., vol.16,no.8,pp.1451–1458,October 1998.[16] V.Tarokh,H.Jafarkhani,and A.R.Calderbank. “Space-time block codesfrom orthogonal designs,’’IEEE rmationTheory,vol.45,no.5,pp.1456 -1467,July 1999.[17] Y.Oohama,“The Rate-Distortion Function for the Quadratic GaussianCEO Problem,” IEEE Trans. Informatio nTheory,vol.44,pp.1057–1070,May 1998.。

中英文翻译模板-公司

1. 章程章程：Articles of Association债权人: Creditors债务人: Debtors董事会：Board of Directors监事会：Board of Supervisors执行董事: Executive Director董事长: Board Chairman总经理: General Manager副总经理: Vice General Manager董事: Director监事: Supervisor股东: Shareholder股东会：Shareholders’ meeting出资: Contribution出资额: contribution amount任期: Term of office执行: execute制定: formulate任命: appoint雇用: employ股权: stock ownership分立：division所有者权益：owner’s equity清算：liquidation2. 资产评估资产评估：asset assessment委托方：consignor受托方：consignee资产占有者：asset occupant评估基准日：base date of assessment 评估师：valuer3. 验资报告分红: dividend奖金: bonus验资: capital verification注册资本: registered capital实收资本: paid-up capital委托: entrust指派: assign中国注册会计师：Certified public accountant4. 票据全国统一发票监制：Nationwide Uniform Seal for Supervision of the Invoices 北京市商业企业专用发票：Beijing Commercial Corporation Invoice北京市交通运输业，建筑业，金融保险业，邮电通信业，销售不动产，和转让无形资产专用发票:Beijing Special Invoice for Traffic Transportation on Industry, Construction Industry, Finance and Insurance Industry, Post and Telecommunication Industry, Realty Selling and Incorporeal Asset Transferring国家税务总局税收票证监制章：Supervisory Seal for Taxation Voucher of State Administration of Taxation国家税务总局农业税收票证监制章：Supervisory Seal for Agricultural Taxation Voucher of State Administration of Taxation全国统一发票监制章北京地方税务局监制：Nationwide Uniform Seal for Supervision of the Invoices, Under Supervision of Beijing Local Taxation Bureau（北京市工商行政管理局档案管理中心）查询专用章：Special Seal for Inquiry of Beijing Administration for Industry and Commerce Files Management Center (sealed)***银行储蓄业务专用章Special Seal for Savings Business of ***Bank***骑缝章：Seal on the Perforation of ******填票专用章：Special Seal for Filling, ***5. 法律中华人民共和国公司登记管理条例：Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Administration of Registration of Companies中华人民共和国企业法人登记管理条例：Regulations of the People's Republic of China for Controlling the Registration of Enterprises Legal Person中华人民共和国合同法：Contract Law of the People's Republic of China6. 税种营业税Business tax个人所得税Individual income tax教育附加税Educational surtax城市维护建设税Urban maintenance and construction tax增值税Value-added tax企业所得税Enterprise income tax7. 其他国有企业state-owned enterprises集体企业collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私营企业private business民营企业privately-run businesses中小企业small-and-medium-sized enterprises个体工商户sole proprietorship三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资）overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises)企业会计制度Enterprise Accounting System企业会计准则Enterprise Accounting Rules信用卡credit card本金principal坏帐bad debts经纪人broker佣金commission亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank大专毕业: Diploma大学毕业: University中专毕业: technical school高职：vocational school硕士: Master博士: Doctor分期付款: pay by installment主要经济指标: major economic indicators扩大内需: expand domestic demand互助基金: mutual fund长期国债: long-term treasury bonds按原口径计算: calculate on the base line列入财政预算支出: listed in the fiscal budget开办人民币业务: engage in Renminbi (RMB) business出口退税制度: the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 住房抵押贷款: home mortgage loan流动性风险: liquidity risk配套政策: supporting policies消费价格指数: consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数: retail price index （RPI）存款保证金: guaranty money for deposits货币回笼: withdrawal of currency from circulation利改税: substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税: transform administrative fees into taxes配套资金: counterpart funds。

中英文翻译模板-公司

1. 章程章程：Articles of Association债权人: Creditors债务人: Debtors董事会：Board of Directors监事会：Board of Supervisors执行董事: Executive Director董事长: Board Chairman总经理: General Manager副总经理: Vice General Manager董事: Director监事: Supervisor股东: Shareholder股东会：Shareholders’ meeting出资: Contribution出资额: contribution amount任期: Term of office执行: execute制定: formulate任命: appoint雇用: employ股权: stock ownership分立：division所有者权益：owner’s equity清算：liquidation2. 资产评估资产评估：asset assessment委托方：consignor受托方：consignee资产占有者：asset occupant评估基准日：base date of assessment 评估师：valuer3. 验资报告分红: dividend奖金: bonus验资: capital verification注册资本: registered capital实收资本: paid-up capital委托: entrust指派: assign中国注册会计师：Certified public accountant4. 票据全国统一发票监制：Nationwide Uniform Seal for Supervision of the Invoices 北京市商业企业专用发票：Beijing Commercial Corporation Invoice北京市交通运输业，建筑业，金融保险业，邮电通信业，销售不动产，和转让无形资产专用发票:Beijing Special Invoice for Traffic Transportation on Industry, Construction Industry, Finance and Insurance Industry, Post and Telecommunication Industry, Realty Selling and Incorporeal Asset Transferring国家税务总局税收票证监制章：Supervisory Seal for Taxation Voucher of State Administration of Taxation国家税务总局农业税收票证监制章：Supervisory Seal for Agricultural Taxation Voucher of State Administration of Taxation全国统一发票监制章北京地方税务局监制：Nationwide Uniform Seal for Supervision of the Invoices, Under Supervision of Beijing Local Taxation Bureau（北京市工商行政管理局档案管理中心）查询专用章：Special Seal for Inquiry of Beijing Administration for Industry and Commerce Files Management Center (sealed)***银行储蓄业务专用章Special Seal for Savings Business of ***Bank***骑缝章：Seal on the Perforation of ******填票专用章：Special Seal for Filling, ***亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank大专毕业: Diploma大学毕业: University中专毕业: technical school高职：vocational school硕士: Master博士: Doctor分期付款: pay by installment主要经济指标: major economic indicators扩大内需: expand domestic demand互助基金: mutual fund长期国债: long-term treasury bonds按原口径计算: calculate on the base line列入财政预算支出: listed in the fiscal budget开办人民币业务: engage in Renminbi (RMB) business出口退税制度: the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 住房抵押贷款: home mortgage loan流动性风险: liquidity risk配套政策: supporting policies消费价格指数: consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数: retail price index （RPI）存款保证金: guaranty money for deposits货币回笼: withdrawal of currency from circulation利改税: substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税: transform administrative fees into taxes配套资金: counterpart funds。

英语作文手写翻译模板

英语作文手写翻译模板英文回答：## The Role of Culture in Language Learning。

Culture plays a significant role in language learningas it provides a context for the words and expressions we use. It influences our communication styles, our choice of vocabulary, and even our non-verbal cues. By understanding the culture of a target language, learners can gain adeeper understanding of the language itself and become more effective communicators.### The Influence of Culture on Language。

1. Meaning: The meaning of words and expressions can vary greatly across cultures. For example, the English word "red" can refer to a wide range of shades, while in Chinese, there are separate words for bright red, dark red, and orange-red.2. Communication Styles: Culture also influences how we communicate. In some cultures, it is considered polite to speak indirectly, while in others, directness is valued. This can lead to misunderstandings if learners are not aware of the cultural differences.3. Non-Verbal Cues: Non-verbal cues, such as gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact, also vary across cultures. For example, in some cultures, it is considered rude to make direct eye contact, while in others, it is a sign of respect.### The Benefits of Cultural Awareness。

英语作文万能模板带翻译

英语作文万能模板带翻译Sure, I can provide you with a versatile English essay template along with translations. Here it is:---。

Introduction（介绍）:In today's society, [topic] has become a matter of significant concern. It is widely recognized that [brief explanation of the issue]. Therefore, it is imperative to delve into this issue and explore its various facets.当今社会，[话题] 已经成为一个重要的关注点。

众所周知，[简要解释问题]。

因此，有必要深入探讨这个问题并探索其各个方面。

Background（背景）:To understand the complexity of this issue, it isessential to examine its historical background. [Provide historical context or relevant statistics]. This background information lays the foundation for a comprehensive analysis of the topic.为了理解这个问题的复杂性，有必要研究其历史背景。

[提供历史背景或相关统计数据]。

这些背景信息为对该主题的全面分析奠定了基础。

Main Body（主体）:Paragraph 1（段落1）:One of the key aspects to consider is [sub-topic 1]. [Elaborate on sub-topic 1, including its causes, effects, and possible solutions]. By addressing [sub-topic 1], we can significantly contribute to resolving the overarching issue.需要考虑的一个关键方面是[子主题1]。

报告作文模板英文翻译格式

报告作文模板英文翻译格式英文回答：Outline for a Report。

I. Introduction。

Topic sentence: State the purpose of the report.Background information: Provide context and introduce the subject.II. Body。

Main point 1: Discuss the first key point.Supporting evidence: Provide data, research, or examples to support your claim.Main point 2: Discuss the second key point.Supporting evidence: Provide additional data, research, or examples to support your claim.... (Continue with additional main points as needed)。

III. Conclusion。

Summarize the main points of the report.State the conclusion or recommendation based on the evidence presented.Optional: Suggest future research or action steps.IV. References。

List sources used in the report, using the appropriate citation style.Example Body Paragraph:Main Point 1: The Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems。

多种翻译模板

股权证（开户确认）Confirmation on Opening of Account of Share BExtra explanation:1.This confirmation is a share account card that should be showed by themembers who has opened account to the investor and shall be used in the transaction of share B in Shanghai.2.This confirmation showed by members who has opened account must beaffixed with seal.3.The name of members who opens account must be in full name.4.Code of member who has opened account is its account settlement code.5.The investor shall contact with his designated member promptly if loses ofthis confirmation.6.Contact with its designated member promptly if the name, ID cards andcommunications of investor changes.企业法人营业执照Business LicenseFor Enterprise’s Legal PersonRegistration No.:000000000000Date of Establishment: June 26, 1996 Registration Office: TIANJIN ADMINISTRATION FOR INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE (SEAL)December 4, 2003 Indication for yearly check: Take yearly check between January 1 and April 30 every year. The operation qualification shall be lost if not check on time. Report the yearly check materials before March 15. Otherwise the enterprise shall undertake delay penalty.Jinqi, No. 0000000 Enterprise Name: Guangyang Decoration Work Co., Ltd in theDevelopment Area, TianjinResidence:Room 205 of Liantong Office Building, 3 Xiaoyuan, No. 1 Street, Development Area, TianjinLegal Representative:***Registered Capital:RMB Three Million and Eight HundredThousand yuanType of Enterprise: Company of limited liabilityScope of Business: Design for outdoor decoration work; home decoration; wholesale and retail of building and decorationmaterials, articles of artistic industry, general merchandise, hardware, electrical articles, chemical engineering goods (exclude inflammables, explosives, intoxicating goods and other dangerous goods), electrical appliances installation. If there is special rules for special items, execute in accordance with the rules; for those involve the above-said approval, it shall follow the valid period of the approval.Term of Business:From June 26, 1996 to June 26, 2005企业法人营业执照（副本）Business LicenseFor Enterprise’s Legal Perso n(Duplicate copy)Registration No.:00000000000 Enterprise Name: Guangyang Decoration Work Co., Ltd in theDevelopment Area, TianjinResidence: Room 205 of Liantong Office Building, 3 Xiaoyuan, No. 1 Street, Development Area, TianjinLegal Representative:***Registered Capital:RMB Three Million and Eight HundredThousand yuanType of Enterprise: Company of limited liabilityScope of Business: Design for outdoor decoration work; home decoration; wholesale and retail of building and decoration materials, articles of artistic industry, general merchandise, hardware, electrical articles, chemical engineering goods (exclude inflammables, explosives, intoxicating goods and other dangerous goods), electrical appliances installation. If there is special rules for special items, execute in accordance with the rules; for those involve the above-said approval, it shall follow the valid period of the approval.Term of Business:From June 26, 1996 to June 26, 2005Date of Establishment:June 26, 1996Jinqi, No. 0000000Explanation1.Business License for Enterprise’s Legal Person is the certificate forenterprise to obtain legal person qualification and legal operation.2.Business License for Enterprise’s Legal Person has an original copy and aduplicate copy. Both of the two copies have the same legal forces. Theoriginal copy of business license shall place in an eye-catching position in the address of enterprise’s legal person. The enterprise’s legal person could apply many duplicate copies to the registration office according to need.3.The business license shall not be fabricated, altered, leased, lent ortransferred. Any bodies other than the registration office shall not detain, take over or cancel the license.4.The enterprise’s legal person shall conduct its bus iness operation within theapproved business scope.5.The enterprise’s legal person shall apply an alternation registration to theoriginal registration office for a change of the registered items.6.The registration office shall conduct yearly check on the en terprise’s legalperson between January 1 and April 30 every year.7.Return the original and duplicate copies of business license when cancelingthe registration. The business license shall become invalid automatically if withdrew by the registration office.Yearly check conditions of the enterprise’s legal personYearly check for enterprise in 2003, grade 4, Special seal for yearly check of Tianjin Administration for Industry and Commerce (seal)February 5, 2004Registration office: Tianjin Administration for Industry and Commerce (Seal)December 4, 2003暂住证Certificate for Temporary Resident of Beijing Printed by Beijing Public Security BureauPoints of Attention1.This certificate is a legal document to certify the temporaryresidence of personals in Beijing from other places.2.This certificate shall be under proper keep, took with the person forthe sake of check. It shall not be fabricated, alternated or lent to others. Loss of the certificate shall be reported to public security bodies promptly and apply to re-issue in accordance with relevant regulations.e to police station to transact alternation procedures in case ofchange of temporary residence address.4.The longest valid period of this certificate is one year. It shallbecome invalid when the period expires.CIssued by:Check recordCheck record房产证Housing Ownership Certificate of the P. R. C.Printed by the Ministry of Construction of the P. R. C. Sale residence house by cost price Beijing Real Estate Certificate Chaosi zi No.: 000000In accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Urban Real Estate, in order to protect the legal rights and interests of the house-owners, the Real Estate listed on this Certificate, which was applied by the house-owner, is confirmed to be authentic, and it is hereby to issue this Certificate.Issued by: Beijing Land and Natural Resource & House Management Bureau (Seal)Issued by: Beijing Land and Natural Resource & House Management Bureau of Chaoyang DistrictBeijing Land and Natural Resource & House Management Bureau of Chaoyang District (seal)Date of Issue: May 10, 2001Beijing Real Estate Registration Form2Printed by Beijing Real Estate Surveying and Drawing Office. It shall not be copied.Ground plan of the real estateDrawing No.:Points of Attention1.This certificate is a legal document to certify the real estate ownership. The real estateownership is under the pro tection of the laws of the People’s Republic of China.2.The real estate owner shall strictly observe the laws, regulations and rules related to real estateof the country.3.The obligee shall apply a registration to the property right registration office of l ocal people’sgovernment where the real estate locates by holding relevant certificate in the specified period of time for the following conditions: the transfer of the real estate (result from buying or selling, exchange, conferment, succession, property division, assignment, transfer, court decision etc.); alternation conditions (the change of the legal name of real estate’s obligee or the change of the street where the house locate and the house number, the change of present conditions due to partial construction, remove, collapse, burn down of the house);establishment of other rights (right to mortgage, right to pawn of the real estate etc.); rights for the real estate terminate owning to loss of house or land, the expiration of usable period of the land and the termination of other rights etc.4.Any other units or individuals other than the certificate-issuing office and filling-in unit shallnot make registration or stamp their seals on this certificate.5.Holder of the real estate ownership certificate shall bring forth this certificate when theadministration department of real estate needs to check the property right due to the need of work.6.This certificate shall be under proper keep. The loss and destroy of the certificate shall made areport and apply for re-issue promptly.股票交割单（对账单）Guotai Junan Securities Beijing Zhichunlu Business Department ChecklistAccount No.: 00000000 Shareholder code: C000000000 Name: ** Check date: 20030101 to 20040404Check list for balance of share Expiration date: April 5, 2004Shareholder’s account Share code Share name PresentbalanceUsablebalanceCostpriceRecentquotationShare’s marketvalue0000000000 900937 Longdianshare B0000 0000 0.00 0.00 000.00AMD Present total capital: 000.00capital balance: 0.00 share’s market value:000.00HKD Present total capital: 0.00 capital balance: 0.00share’s market value:0.00居民户口簿Household RegisterUnder Supervision of The Ministry of Public Security of P.R.CPoints for Attention1.The Household Register has a legal force to identify the status of a citizen and the relationshipof family members. It’s a main basis for the household registration office to make residence investigation and check. When the household registration office makes residence investigation and check, the householder or anyone of the family members shall bring forth on his/her own initiative the Household Register.2.The Household Register shall be under proper keep of the householder. No alter, transfer andlease is allowed. The loss of the Household Register must be reported to the household registration office promptly.3.Only the household registration office has the power to make registration on the HouseholdRegister. No any other units and individuals are allowed to make any records on it.4.Any increase or decrease of family members in the household or any alteration of theregistration items shall be registered on the Household Register by reporting to the household registration office.5.If the whole family has moved out of the jurisdictional area of the residence, the HouseholdRegister shall be submitted to the household registration office for cancellation.Household No. 00000000Registration of changed items and record of changeRegistration Card for Resident PopulationSeal of undertaker: Date of registration: July 1, 1998Registration of changed items and record of changeRegistration Card for Resident PopulationSeal of undertaker: Date of registration: July 1, 1998Registration of changed items and record of changeRegistration Card for Resident PopulationSeal of undertaker: Date of registration: July 1, 1998常住人口登记卡Registration Card for Resident PopulationNo.: 00000000Seal of undertaker: Date of registration: January 7, 200323缴税单（企业完税单）Subordinate relationship: (2002) Jindijiaodian No.0777049Type of registration: Private company of limited liability Fill-in and issue date: August 5, 2003 Collecting body: Local Taxation Bureau of the Development AreaState Administration of Taxation Print Supervision Seal for Taxation (seal)24The first copy (invoice) shall be returned to the pay-in unit (individual) as tax payment receipt after the treasury (bank) has received the payment and fixed seal on it.25。