英语四大逻辑关系

合集下载

英语逻辑关系词

英语逻辑关系词 The latest revision on November 22, 2020英语中常见的十大逻辑关系及其标志词(1) 转折关系but, however, yet(然而), on the contrary, contrary to, contrarily, by(in) contrast (to), whereas, rather than, instead of, unlike, infact(effect), actually弱转, conversely(2)让步关系although, much as, though, even though(if), even, despite, inspite of, nevertheless, anyhow(anyway), as, while（虽然、尽管、即使）, still（尽管如此）(3)总结关系in sum，in general, overall, to sum up，on the whole, generally(4)举例for example、for instance、such as、including(5) 因果关系Because；in that ＋句子表原因due to；thanks to ；owing to＋名词表原因；since ；now that ；ever since ＋句子表原因because of；on account of；in response to ＋名词表原因；lead to；contribute to；result in＋名词（前因后果）so that；such that；in order that＋句子 (强调目的、结果的因果)in view of；in the light of；by virtue of ＋名词鉴于、由于put down to；ascribe to；attribute to；owe to ＋名词归因于so；thus；hence；therefore；consequently (as a consequence/ asa result) ＋句子（因此）for, as, as a result of, with（由于，由于某种条件或原因的存在出现了某种结果）(6)递进关系still、also、indeed、furthermore（进一步）、moreover（而且、此外）、highlighting（突出、强调）、even（甚至、更）、besides(注意区分except), additionally, in addition, what’s more(7)条件关系if, provided/providing that, suppose, supposing, in case (of), in the event of, assume, presumably, so long as, unless, only if, when(8)并列关系and（和）、as well as（也）、likewise（同样的）、while（与此同时）、similarly（类似地）、or（或者）、simultaneously（同时发生地）、meanwhile（同时）、in the meantime、neither…nor,either…or, not only…but also、more…than（9）列举first, then, on one hand, some…others…still others （10）时间关系when, since, as, meanwhile, at the same time。

英语逻辑关系要清晰

英语逻辑关系要清晰：一．并列关系coordinating relationAnd : conj. 和，与；就；而且；但是；然后granted, et, but, yet, onlyOr: conj. 或，或者；还是either, ossiaAnd also:Neither ….nor:Either…or:Not only….but also:Along with: 沿（顺）着；连同…一起；与…一道；随同…一起Thai is to say:As well as: 也；和…一样；不但…而且as well as除……之外；既as well as.除as well as everything以及一切in the same way: 同样地；以同样的方式二．递进关系Also: adv. 也；而且；同样conj. 并且；另外Than: conj. 比（用于形容词、副词的比较级之后）；除…外（用于other等之后）；与其…（用于rather等之后）；一…就（用于no sooner等之后）prep. 比；超过Additionally: adv. 此外；又，加之In addition: 另外，此外Furthermore: adv. 此外；而且and furthermore而且furthermore-而且Moreover furthermore而且moreover-furthermore进一步说furthermore ad. 而且moreover而且；此外furthermore ad. 而且，进一步说moreover, furthermore且moreover adv. 而且；此外what is more而且what is even more甚至更多what is more important更重要的是and what is more而且indeed adv. 的确；实在；真正地；甚至int. 真的（表示惊讶、怀疑、讽刺等）...accordingly 于是indeed 的确surely 无疑...Apart from远离，除…之外；且不说；缺少besides adv. 此外；而且prep. 除…之外And besides更何况aside from除…以外Aside from除Aside from hands除手以外apart/aside from除了三、引出新对象About：prep. 关于；大约adj. 在附近的；四处走动的；在起作用的adv. 大约；周围；到处n. 大致；粗枝大叶；不拘小节的人concerning prep. 关于；就…而言v. 涉及；使关心（concern的ing形式）；忧虑regarding prep. 关于，至于就…….而言with regard to adv. 关于；至于as for关于，至于as to至于，关于；就……而论in terms of依据；按照；在…方面；以…措词四，因果关系Because of adv. 因为；由于Since conj. 因为；由于；既然；自…以来；自…以后prep. 自…以来；自…以后adv. 后来For prep. 为，为了；因为；给；对于；至于；适合于conj. 因为As ad. 同样地,像prep. 当做conj. 当...之时,像...一样,因为Thus adv. 因此；从而；这样；如此conj. 因此So ad. 如此,如是,如...那样conj. 所以,因此,所以Hence adv.此；今后Therefore adv. 因此；所以Consequently adv. 因此；结果；所以Accordingly adv. 因此，于是；相应地；照著due to adv. 由于；应归于thanks to 由于，幸亏in the light of 根据，按照；当作However, in the light of the new development, we have reinforced our security systems in all our airports, ".in response to响应；回答；对…有反应Allergies are abnormal reactions of the immune system in response to otherwise harmless substanceson account of由于；因为；为了…的缘故"...on account of the number of pine trees that grow in the gorge of the mountain in which it is situated.Given adj. 赠予的；沉溺的prep. 考虑到v. 给予（give的过去分词）given that假定；只要是；已知；考虑到Considering prep. 考虑到；就...而论conj. 考虑到v. 考虑到（consider的ing形式）Seeing that鉴于，由于；因为"People are now seeing that they can actually make a business from supplying this vaccine and getting out to the very rural areas where there is a market for this."In that因为；由于；既然in respect that因为in group that以便in order that以便；为了；目的在于A United Nations report says water availability in that area is the second lowest in the world, after Africa.Now that既然；由于The F.C.C.chairman also wants to extend all six principles to wireless carriers now that their phones access the Internet.As a result of adv. 因此，由于；作为…的结果For the reason由于；因为Owing to由于，因为…It's a supposition that whatever the object of theory might be, - theory itself must-- owing to whatever intellectual constraints one can imagine-- be of such and such a form.In view of adv. 鉴于；考虑到in the view of…根据……的观点By(in) virtue of 由于，凭借On grounds of 以…为理由；根据…The supreme court later overturned the ruling on grounds of mistaken identity.as a consequence 因此，结果I think all those goals are still possible, but I think that as a consequence to the war on Iraq, we took our eye off the ball.as a consequence of因此；由于…的结果We have got an enormous amount of work to do, and people down in the Gulf, particularly businesses, are still suffering as a consequence of this disaster."五、转折关系But conj. 但是；而是；然而adv. 仅仅，只prep. 除…以外however adv. 无论如何；不管怎样conj. 然而；可是yet adv. 还；但是；已经conj. 但是；然而instead of 代替；不是…而是…rather than 而不是；宁可…也不愿on the contrary反之by contrast相比之下；与之相比unfortunately adv. 不幸地六．让步Although conj. 虽然，尽管Though adv. 可是，虽然；不过；然而conj. 虽然；尽管prep. 但Even though虽然，即使even if though纵然even if / though即使；尽管even though/if即使；尽管Nevertheless adv. 然而，不过；虽然如此conj. 然而，不过Despite prep. 尽管，不管n. 轻视；憎恨；侮辱In spite of 尽管；不管，不顾Anyway adv. 无论如何，不管怎样；总之Notwithstanding adv. 尽管，仍然prep. 尽管，虽然conj. 虽然"How can we empower our president and the Congress and the government to start to move the country forward, notwithstanding the differences we have, "as conj. 因为；随着；虽然；依照；当…时prep. 如同；当作；以…的身份adv. 同样地；和…一样的while conj. 虽然；然而；当……的时候n. 一会儿；一段时间vt. 消磨；轻松地度过七.比较关系Like vt. 喜欢；想；愿意vi. 喜欢；希望prep. 像；如同adj. 同样的；相似的n. 爱好；同样的人或物adv. 可能conj. 好像Unlike adj. 不同的，不相似的prep. 和…不同，不像By prep. 通过；被；依据；经由；在附近；在……之前adv. 通过；经过；附近；白俄罗斯In contrast与此相反；比较起来Whereas conj. 然而；鉴于；反之八．表时间关系When wheneverBefore prep. 在…之前，先于adv. 以前；在前conj. 在…以前；在…之前After adv. 后来，以后prep. 在……之后conj. 在……之后adj. 以后的after all 毕竟；终究go after 追求，追逐ever after 从此以后一直after hours adv. 下班；工作完毕后subsequentlyprep.在……之后in theback ofadj.以后的succeedingsince conj. 因为；由于；既然；自…以来；自…以后prep. 自…以来；自…以后adv. 后来meanwhile conj. 因为；由于；既然；自…以来；自…以后prep. 自…以来；自…以后adv. 后来in the meantime 在此期间；于此际九、条件If conj. （表条件）如果；即使；是否；（表假设）假如n. 条件；设想Only if只要……就；只是在……的时候If only只要；要是…多好In case of万一；如果发生；假设unlessconj. 除非，如果不prep. 除…之外as long as 只要；和…一样长suppose that假如supposing that conj. 假如；不妨去…吧v. 假使；让；猜想（suppose的ing形式）but for conj. 要不是；如果没有failing n. 失败；缺点，过失；弱点prep. 如果没有…adj. 失败的v. 失败；不及格（fail的ing形式）十、例Such as 比如；诸如For examplen. 例子；榜样vt. 作为…的例子；为…做出榜样vi. 举例For instancen. 实例；情况；建议vt. 举...为例Of these 这些Amongprep. 在…中间；在…之中To illustrate 说明显示Like to take an example to take sth for example Speaking namely 说话即十一、总结构On the whole基本上，大体上；就全体而论In short总之；简言之In a word总之；简言之All in all 总而言之；头等重要的东西In conclusion 总之最后In summary总之概括起来In general总之，通常；一般而言十二、表强调Above all 首先尤其是In effect实际上；生效In fact 事实上，实际上In any case 无论如何十三、顺序关系Last of all 最后finally 最后。

2020考研英语常见的8种逻辑关系词汇.doc

2020考研英语常见的8种逻辑关系词汇常见的八种逻辑关系不论是阅读、完型还是作文，逻辑关系词的用法都无比重要。

1、并列关系:and, and also, or, neither…nor, either…or,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way,that is to say, as well as, same…as;2、递进关系:then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore,moreover, in addition, what is more, indeed,even;3、因果关系:because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore,so, so (such) …that, so that, consequently,accordingly, according to, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, in response to/with, for this reason, lead to,too…to, with;4、转折关系:but, however, yet, on the contrary, in fact,by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately,while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of,contrary to;5、让步关系:although, though, even though, even if,nevertheless, despite, in spite of;6、列举关系:first-second-last of all, first-then,to begin with-to continue/next,on one hand-on the other hand,for one thing-for another thing,one-another, some-others-still others;7、举例关系:such as, for example, for instance,of these/those/them, say,among these/those/them,to illustrate, as an illustration,to take an example,more specifically speaking, namely;8、总结关系:in all, in brief, in short, in a word, in general,in conclusion, altogether, to sum up,to summarize, to conclude, to generalize,to put it in one word, above all.。

高考英语常用逻辑词

高考英语常用逻辑词1. 并列关系and, or或者,furthermore并且, also还, likewise同样的, in addition除此之外, what is more 并且(此外, for instance例如,for example例如2. 转折关系Although虽然, however然而, on the contrary相反的, but,in spite of尽管, nevertheless然而(不过, yet然而, otherwise否则, despite尽管3. 顺序关系First第一, second第二, third第三, and so on等等,then然后, after后来, before之前, next接下来4. 因果关系as a result结果, for因为, thus因此, because因为,for this reason由于这个原因, so,therefore因此, as因为, since因为, consequently 因此, on account of由于(因为5. 归纳关系as a result结果(因此,总之, finally最终(最后, therefore因此, accordingly因此(于是、相应地, in short总而言之, thus因此,consequently因此, in conclusion总之(总的来说, so,in brief简言之, in a word总之(总的来说6. 表层次关系①for the one hand 一方面,for the other hand 另一方面②for one thing 一方面,for another 另一方面③first of all 首先,what’s more 然后,finally 最后。

英语逻辑关系词组是英语联系的藕带

英语逻辑关系词组是英语联系的藕带常见的八种逻辑关系不论对于阅读、完型、改错还是作文，逻辑关系词的用法都无比重要。

现收集整理如下：1、因果关系:because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so (such) … that,so that,consequently,accordingly,according to,due to,thanks to,as a result,because of,in that,in response to/with, for this reason, lead to,too…to,with;2、并列关系:and,and also,or,neither…nor, either…or,likewise,similarly,equally,in the same way,that is to say,as well as, same…as;3、转折关系:but,however,yet,on the contrary,in fact,by contrast,on the other hand, unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,rather than,instead of,contrary to;4、列举关系:first-second-last of all,first-then,to begin with-to continue/next, on one hand,on the other hand,for one thing-for another thing, one-another,some-others-still others;5、递进关系:then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, indeed, even;6、让步关系:although,though,even though,even if,nevertheless,despite,in spite of;7、举例关系:such as,for example,for instance,of these/those/them,say,among these/those/them,to illustrate,as an illustration,to take an example,more specifically speaking, namely;8、总结关系:in all,in brief,in short,in a word,in general,in conclusion,altogether,to sum up,to summarize,to conclude,to generalize,to put it in one word, above all.。

英语作文逻辑词大全

英语作文逻辑词大全以下是一些常用的英语逻辑词大全：1. 因果关系：- because（因为）- since（因为）- as a result（结果）- consequently（因此）- therefore（因此）- thus（因此）- hence（因此）- so（所以）2. 条件关系：- if（如果）- unless（除非）- provided that（条件是）- on the condition that（条件是）- in case（万一）- as long as（只要）- so long as（只要）- assuming（假设）3. 比较关系：- similarly（同样地）- likewise（同样地）- in the same way（以相同的方式）- in a similar manner（以类似的方式）- on the other hand（另一方面）- whereas（然而）- while（同时）- unlike（与...不同）4. 强调关系：- especially（尤其）- particularly（特别是）- notably（值得注意的是）- significantly（显著地）- importantly（重要地）- above all（尤其是）- indeed（确实）- in fact（事实上）5. 顺序关系：- firstly（首先）- secondly（其次）- thirdly（第三）- finally（最后）- eventually（最终）- subsequently（随后）- in conclusion（总结起来）- to sum up（总之）6. 解释关系：- in other words（换句话说）- that is to say（也就是说）- to put it simply（简单来说）- for example（例如）- for instance（例如）- such as（例如）- namely（也就是说）- in particular（特别是）。

英语逻辑连接词

1) 先后次序关系:at this time(这时候、此时); first; second; at last; next; previously(以前);simultaneously[saiməl'teiniəsli](同时);eventually(最后);last but not least(最后但并不就是最不重要的);to begin with(首先、本来); to start with =for a start(首先); first of all(首先,第一) ;to end with(最后); finally(最后); since then(从那时以来); afterwards(然后、后来);following this:following This Trend顺应这种趋势;By Following This Strategy通过采用这种策略;只要遵循这项策略following This Pattern下面这个模式;Following This Opinion由此来瞧following This Way沿着这条思路;Following This Thought循此思路following This Commitment根据这一承诺;Following This Example下面这位比如;preceding this(在这之前)、2) 因果关系:because; because of this; being that(既然、因为、由于); another important factor／reason of、、、; since(既然、因为、由于、自…以来); as(因为、依照、当…时、随着、虽然); for; in that、、、(既然、因为、由于); owing to(由于,因为…); due to; for the reason that、、、; in view of(鉴于、考虑到); the reason seems to be obvious; for this reason; as a result of this; therefore; 、、、and so(因此、所以)、、、; consequently(所以、因此、结果); as a result; thus; hence; so; so that、、、; in consequence(因此、结果); as a consequence(因此、结果); accordingly(因此、于就是); inevitably(不可避免地、必然地); under these conditions(在这种情形下、在此情况时、在这些情况下); thereupon [,ðεərə'pɔn ]于就是; seeing、、、(因为;鉴于;由于);3) 转折关系:but; even so(虽然如此,即使如此); however; though(可就是、虽然、然而、不过); even though(虽然、即使); independent of(不管); despite that(尽管、不管); in spite of that(尽管、不管); regardless of(不管); yet、、、(然而、但就是); and yet(可就是、然而); but unless(除非)、4) 并列关系:and; also; too; as well as(也;与…一样;不但…而且); either、、、,or、、、(不就是…就就是…;或者…或者…); both、、、and、、、5) (补充)递进关系:furthermore(此外、而且); moreover(此外、而且); further(更远地;进一步地;而且);In this way(这样); still(但就是;仍然;尽管如此); not only、、、but also、、、; not that…but that…(不就是(因为)…而就是(因为)…); in addition (to)(另外,此外(除…之外)); additionally(此外), much more interesting, more specifically(更具体地说), next(其次;然后), besides(而且;此外;除…之外); as far as、、、(至于,就…而言);in other words(换句话说); on the one hand、、、,on the other hand、、、(一方面,另一方面); even(甚至;即使); as a popular saying goes、、、( 常言说); in order to do it、、、( 为了做这件事); meanwhile(同时); at the same time; accordingly(因此,于就是); In the first place、、、(首先),in the second place、、、(其次、第二); equally important(同样重要); of even greater appeal(更吸引)、6) 比较关系:similarly(同样地); in like manner(同样地); in comparison with(与…比较);when compared with(当与、、、相比时); compared with(与、、、相比较); when in fact、、、(而实际上;但事实上); like、、、(如同); likewise(也;同样地); apart from (doing)、、、( 除…之外;且不说;);、、、rather than、、、( 而不就是;宁可…也不愿); by doing so(通过这样来做); both…and、、、;in the same way(同样地;以同样的方式); not only、、、but (also);7) 对照(不同点):yet; still(但就是;仍然;尽管如此); notwithstanding(尽管,虽然); rather(宁可);neither 、、、nor(既不就是…也不就是…); although; though; but; however; conversely(相反地);unlike(与…不同,不像); opposed to(反对); as opposed to(与…截然相反) ; in contrast (to)(与此相反);on the contrary(正相反); different from this; nevertheless(然而,不过); contrary to(与…相反);whereas [hwεə'æz] (反之;然而); while(而); but on the other hand(但另一方面)、8) 举例关系:for example; for instance; in this case(假若这样); namely(也就就是;换句话说);as you know(正如您知道的); as you may say(如您所说); like(像;如同); such as(比如;诸如);a case in point is、、、( 一个典型的例子); in particular(尤其,特别); put it simply(简单地说);for one thing、、、首先,for another、、、其次、第二; as an illustration(作为一个例证), I will say、、、;a good example (of、、、)would be、、、; It is interesting to note that、、、; in this situation(在这种情况下); take…as example(以……为例); as for(关于,至于); as regards(关于,至于); as to(关于,至于);according to(根据); on this occasion(场合)、9) 强调关系:in fact; especially; particularly; moreover; naturally(自然地);what is more important is that…(更重要的就是); in reality(实际上;事实上); certainly(当然);of course; indeed(的确); in particular(尤其,特别); not to mention、、、( 更不必说);believe it or not(信不信由您); undeniably(不可否认地); other thing being equal(另一件就是同等的);it is certain／sure that、、、; to be true(说实话); by definition(明显地); definitely(明确地,肯定地); undoubtedly(无庸置疑地); without a doubt(无疑地); in truth(事实上); in any event(不论怎样);without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously(明显地), not only、、but(also、、、), both、、、and、、、10) 条件关系:if; unless; lest(唯恐); provided that(倘若;假如); if it is the case(如果就是这样的情况); in this sense(在这一点上,从这点来说); once、、、(一旦); if possible(如果可能的话);if necessary(如果必要的话); if so(如果就是这样的话); if anything(如果有什么区别的话)、11) 归纳总结类:in other words(也就就是说); on the whole(就全体而论); in sum(总而言之); therefore;hence; in short(总之;简言之); in brief(总之); to sum up(总之;概括地说); in conclusion(总之,综上所述); in summary(总之;概括起来); to conclude(最后);the conclusion can be drawn that、、、(可以得出的结论); for this reason(为此)12) 地点关系:beyond(在、、、较远的一边); opposite to(在…对面); adjacent to(接近); at the same place; there;over(从头到尾、在…之上); in the middle; around(在附近、在…周围); in front of; in the distance(在远处); farther(此外;更远地;更进一步地); here and there(各处,到处); above(在……之上;在上面);below(在下面;在…下面);at the right side(在右边);between(在…之间;在中间);on this side(在这边)、13) 目的关系:for this purpose; in order that; in this way;since; so that; on that account(由于那个缘故);in case万一、假使;with a view to(鉴于、由于考虑到); for the same reason。

英语逻辑连接词

精心整理1)先后次序关系：atthistime （这时候、此时）;first;second;atlast;next;previously （以前）;simultaneously[saim?l'teini?sli]（同时）;eventually （最后）;lastbutnotleast （最后但并不是最不重要的）;tobeginwith （首先、本来）;tostartwith=forastart （首先）;firstofall （首先，第一）;toendwith （最后）;finally （最后）;sincethen(从那时以来);afterwards(然后、后来);followingthis ：followingThisTrend 顺应这种趋势；ByFollowingThisStrategy 通过采用这种策略；只要遵循这项策略 followingThisPattern 下面这个模式；FollowingThisOpinion 由此来看2)（既然、因为、);owingto 到）以）果）地）?n]于是3)（虽然、（不管）4)者…）5)(补充)Inthisway (因为)…而是(外),muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically （更具体地说）,next （其次；然后）,besides （而且；此外；除…之外）;asfaras...（至于，就…而言）；inotherwords(换句话说);ontheonehand...，ontheotherhand...(一方面，另一方面);even （甚至；即使）;asapopularsayinggoes...(常言说);inordertodoit...(为了做这件事);meanwhile(同时);atthesametime;accordingly(因此，于是);Inthefirstplace...(首先)，inthesecondplace...(其次、第二);equallyimportant(同样重要);ofevengreaterappeal(更吸引).6)比较关系：similarly （同样地）; inlikemanner （同样地）； incomparisonwith （与…比较）;whencomparedwith （当和...相比时）;comparedwith （与...相比较）;wheninfact...（而实际上；但事实上）;like...（如同）; likewise(也；同样地); apartfrom(doing)...(除…之外；且不说；); ...ratherthan...(而不是；宁可…也不愿)； bydoingso(通过这样来做); both…and...;inthesameway(同样地；以同样的方式); notonly...but(also)；7)对照(不同点)：yet;still（但是；仍然；尽管如此）;notwithstanding(尽管，虽然);rather(宁可);neither...nor(既不是…也不是…);although;though;but;however;conversely(相反地);unlike(和…不同，不像);opposedto(反对);asopposedto(与…截然相反);incontrast(to)(与此相反); onthecontrary（正相反）;differentfromthis;nevertheless(然而，不过);contraryto(与…相反);whereas[hwε?'?z](反之；然而);while(而);butontheotherhand(但另一方面).8)举例关系：forexample;forinstance;inthiscase(假若这样);namely(也就是；换句话说);asyouknow(正如你知道的);asyoumaysay(如你所说);like(像；如同);suchas(比如；诸如); acaseinpointis...(一个典型的例子);?inparticular(尤其，特别);putitsimply(简单地说); foronething...首先，foranother...其次、第二;asanillustration(作为一个例证),Iwillsay...; agoodexample(of...)wouldbe...;Itisinterestingtonotethat...; inthissituation(在这种情况下);take…);????9)ofcourse; );); itiscertain地);?10)if; 在?11)hence;12)beyond(over(在远处); below(在下面；在…下面);attherightside(在右边);between(在…之间；在中间);onthisside(在这边). 13)目的关系：forthispurpose;inorderthat;inthisway；since;sothat;onthataccount（由于那个缘故）;incase万一、假使；withaviewto（鉴于、由于考虑到）；forthesamereason。

英语逻辑连接词

1) 先后次序关系：at this time（这时候、此时）; first; second; at last; next; previously（以前）;simultaneously[saiməl'teiniəsli]（同时）;eventually（最后）;last but not least（最后但并不是最不重要的）;to begin with（首先、本来）; to start with =for a start（首先）; first of all（首先，第一）;to end with（最后）; finally（最后）; since then(从那时以来); afterwards(然后、后来);following this：following This Trend顺应这种趋势；By Following This Strategy通过采用这种策略；只要遵循这项策略following This Pattern下面这个模式；Following This Opinion由此来看following This Way沿着这条思路；Following This Thought循此思路following This Commitment根据这一承诺；Following This Example下面这位比如;preceding this（在这之前）.2) 因果关系：because; because of this; being that(既然、因为、由于); another important factor／reason of... ; since（既然、因为、由于、自…以来）; as（因为、依照、当…时、随着、虽然）; for; in that... (既然、因为、由于); owing to （由于，因为…）; due to; for the reason that...; in view of（鉴于、考虑到）; the reason seems to be obvious; for this reason; as a result of this; therefore; ...and so（因此、所以）...; consequently（所以、因此、结果）; as a result; thus; hence; so; so that...; in consequence（因此、结果）; as a consequence（因此、结果）; accordingly（因此、于是）; inevitably（不可避免地、必然地）; under these conditions(在这种情形下、在此情况时、在这些情况下); thereupon [,ðεərə'pɔn ]于是; seeing... （因为；鉴于；由于）;3) 转折关系：but; even so（虽然如此，即使如此）; however; though（可是、虽然、然而、不过）; even though（虽然、即使）; independent of（不管）; despite that（尽管、不管）; in spite of that（尽管、不管）; regardless of（不管）; yet...（然而、但是）; and yet（可是、然而）; but unless（除非）.4) 并列关系：and; also; too; as well as（也；和…一样；不但…而且）; either...，or...（不是…就是…；或者…或者…）; both...and...5) (补充)递进关系：furthermore(此外、而且); moreover(此外、而且); further（更远地；进一步地；而且）;In this way（这样）; still（但是；仍然；尽管如此）; not only...but also...; not that…but that…（不是(因为)…而是(因为)…）; in addition (to)（另外，此外（除…之外））; additionally(此外), much more interesting, more specifically（更具体地说）, next（其次；然后）, besides（而且；此外；除…之外）; as far as... （至于，就…而言）；in other words(换句话说); on the one hand...，on the other hand...(一方面，另一方面); even（甚至；即使）; as a popular saying goes...( 常言说); in order to do it...( 为了做这件事); meanwhile(同时); at the same time; accordingly(因此，于是); In the first place...(首先)，in the second place...(其次、第二); equally important(同样重要); of even greater appeal(更吸引).6) 比较关系：similarly（同样地）; in like manner（同样地）； in comparison with（与…比较）;when compared with（当和...相比时）; compared with（与...相比较）; when in fact...（而实际上；但事实上）; like...（如同）; likewise(也；同样地); apart from (doing)...( 除…之外；且不说；);... rather than...( 而不是；宁可…也不愿)；by doing so(通过这样来做); both…and...;in the same way(同样地；以同样的方式); not only...but (also)；7) 对照(不同点)：yet; still（但是；仍然；尽管如此）; notwithstanding(尽管，虽然); rather(宁可);neither ... nor(既不是…也不是…); although; though; but; however; conversely(相反地);unlike(和…不同，不像); opposed to(反对); as opposed to(与…截然相反) ; in contrast (to)(与此相反);on the contrary（正相反）; different from this; nevertheless(然而，不过); contrary to(与…相反);whereas [hwεə'æz] (反之；然而); while(而); but on the other hand(但另一方面).8) 举例关系：for example; for instance; in this case(假若这样); namely(也就是；换句话说);as you know(正如你知道的); as you may say(如你所说); like(像；如同); such as(比如；诸如);a case in point is...( 一个典型的例子); in particular(尤其，特别); put it simply(简单地说);for one thing...首先，for another...其次、第二; as an illustration(作为一个例证), I will say...;a good example (of...)would be...; It is interesting to note that...; in this situation(在这种情况下);take…as example(以……为例); as for(关于，至于); as regards(关于，至于); as to(关于，至于); according to(根据); on this occasion(场合).9) 强调关系：in fact; especially; particularly; moreover; naturally(自然地);what is more important is that…(更重要的是); in reality(实际上；事实上); certainly(当然);of course; indeed(的确); in particular(尤其，特别); not to mention...( 更不必说);believe it or not(信不信由你); undeniably(不可否认地); other thing being equal(另一件是同等的);it is certain／sure that...; to be true(说实话); by definition(明显地); definitely(明确地，肯定地); undoubtedly(无庸置疑地); without a doubt(无疑地); in truth(事实上); in any event(不论怎样);without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously(明显地), not only.. but(also...), both... and...10) 条件关系：if; unless; lest(唯恐); provided that(倘若；假如); if it is the case(如果是这样的情况); in this sense(在这一点上，从这点来说); once...(一旦); if possible(如果可能的话);if necessary(如果必要的话); if so(如果是这样的话); if anything(如果有什么区别的话).11) 归纳总结类：in other words(也就是说); on the whole(就全体而论); in sum(总而言之); therefore;hence; in short(总之；简言之); in brief(总之); to sum up(总之；概括地说);in conclusion(总之，综上所述); in summary(总之；概括起来); to conclude(最后);the conclusion can be drawn that... (可以得出的结论); for this reason(为此)12) 地点关系：beyond(在...较远的一边); opposite to(在…对面); adjacent to(接近); at the same place; there;over(从头到尾、在…之上); in the middle; around(在附近、在…周围); in front of; in the distance(在远处); farther(此外；更远地；更进一步地); here and there(各处，到处); above(在……之上；在上面);below(在下面；在…下面);at the right side(在右边);between(在…之间；在中间);on this side(在这边).13) 目的关系：for this purpose; in order that; in this way；since; so that; on that account（由于那个缘故）;in case万一、假使；with a view to（鉴于、由于考虑到）；for the same reason。

英语逻辑连接词

1) 先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; at last; next; previously;simultaneously; eventually; last but not least; to begin with; to startwith; to end with; finally; seeing...; since then; first of all; afterwards;following this; preceding this.2) 因果关系：because; because of this; being that; another importantfactor／reason of... ; since; as; for; in that...; owing to; due to; forthe reason that...; in view of; the reason seems to be obvious; there areabout... ; for this reason; as a result of this; therefore; ...and so...;consequently; as a result; thus; hence; so; so that...; in consequence; as aconsequence; accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon.3) 转折关系：but; even so; however; though; even though; independent of; reckless of ; despite that; in spite of that; regardless of; yet...; and yet; but unless.4) 并列关系：and; also; too; as well as; either...，or...; both...and...5) (补充)递进关系：furthermore; moreover; further; In this way ; still; notonly...but also...; not...but...; in addition (to); additionally, much moreinteresting, more specifically, next, besides; as far as... is concerned;moreover; in other words; along this line of consideration; on the onehand...，on the other hand...; even; as a poplar saying goes...; in order todo it...; meanwhile; at the same time; accordingly; In the first place...，in the second place...; equally important; of even greater appeal.6) 比较关系：similarly; in like manner, in comparison with; when comparedwith; compared with; when in fact...; like...; likewise; similarlyimportant; apart from (doing)...; ... rather than...，by doing so; both…and...; in the sam e way; not only...but (also).7) 对照(不同点)：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around; yet; conversely; unlike; opposed to; as opposed to ; in contrast (to); by way of; on the contrary; different from this; as opposed to this; nevertheless; contrary to; whereas; while; but on the other hand.8) 举例关系：for example; for instance; in this case; namely; as you know; you may as／say; as he explains; like; such as; a case in point is...; consider...; in particular; including...; for one thing...，for another...; put it simply; stated roughly; as an illustration，I will say...; a good example (of...)would be...; to detail this，I would like to...; It is interesting to note that...; in this situation; as proof; takethe case of; take as example (something); as for; as regards; as to; according to; on this occasion.9) 强调关系：in fact; especially; particularly; moreover; naturally; what is more important; in reality; certainly; of course; indeed; inparticular; not to mention...; believe it or not; undeniably; other thing being equal; it is certain／sure that...; to be strict; to be true; by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in anyevent(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and...10) 条件关系：if; unless; lest; provided that; if it is the case; in thissense; once...; if possible; if necessary; if so; if not all; if anything.11) 归纳总结类：in other words; on the whole; in sum; therefore; hence; in short; in brief; to sum up; in conclusion; in summary; to conclude; the conclusion can be drawn that...; for this reason; in short.12) 地点关系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; hereand there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.13) 目的关系：with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account; in case; with a view to; for the same reason.14) 重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.15) 结果关系：accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.16) 顺序关系：first; second; thirdly; next; then; at theoutset(在开始时)，following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently; lastly; finally; consequently; beforethis; previously; preceding this; simultaneously; concurrently(同时).17) 时间关系：at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once;at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from thistime on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a fewminutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment;shortly; whereupon; previously.美国的货币单位为美元（Dollar），1美元等于100美分。

英语中常见的逻辑关系

英语中常见的逻辑关系不少考生提到在备考英语四级考试时，发现阅读中有不少句子超出自己的理解范围。

对于这些句子，我们需要从语法的角度去完全把握。

但是如果是在考试中遇到不能理解的句子时，考生比较偏向于一遍一遍地读句子，最后不但没读懂还浪费了时间，影响下面的答题。

下面我们来看看英语四级阅读中常见四种逻辑关系的解析.1. 因果关系因：because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with果：so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果抒发词外，隐性的因果同样就是不容忽略的一个关键部分。

隐性因果：a 引致(因-果)：cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce如：the increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees.在这段话中，存有lead to则表示了引致的意思，即为结果，而so that更进一步则表示了后面的结果，所以可以充份认定这段话存有因果关系的逻辑。

b 由…而来(果-因)：result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be attributable to例如：“the extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected，as well as from the great difficulty of r eversing or even slowing the proce.”在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。

英语四级阅读理解常见四种逻辑关系

2017年6月英语四级阅读理解常见四种逻辑关系*1. 因果关系因：because、because of、for、as、since、inthat、on account of、with 果：so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly 因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。

隐性因果： A 导致(因-果)：cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce 如：The increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees. 在这段话中，有lead to表示了导致的意思，即结果，而so that更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。

B 由…而来(果-因)：result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、beattributable to 如：“The extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected，as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proce.”在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。

高译青少培优—英语中常出现的逻辑关系

•三、顺序关系
• 顺序关系，即多条信息间的先后联系，常见一些提纲式填空题。若迅速找到文中引出一个环节的连词，也许会引出下一个步骤等，那么与题干表述对应的顺序点，常常就是答案所在。
•四、因果关系
• 因果关系，往往体现信息间的归因或者总述。因果关系，主要先找到因果关系连接词，针对上文的描述进行归因或得出结论，最后形成的归纳或结论即答案所在。
• 比如：because, for, due to......
谢谢！
英语常出现的逻辑关系
一、对比关系
对比关系的语句信息，要点在于通过连接词，在前后两条信息中突出其中之一，而被突出的信息往往就是答案。所以，应当熟悉雅思此类型常见的连接词，比方，在听力过程中听到某一单词，便可以迅速找到确定答案的位置。
二、并列关系
并列关系，体现信息间相似、相近性。重点即要点，在于通过并列连词的提示பைடு நூலகம்由已知信息推断出缺失信息，而此缺失信息即答案所在位置。同理，应熟悉雅思典型的并列连词，听力考试过程中，一旦听到连词，就能迅速据前后信息的位置找到答案句。

英语五大常考逻辑

在英语考试中，常考的逻辑包括以下五种：1. 排除逻辑（Contrastive Reasoning）：这种逻辑是通过对比两种不同的观点或事物来得出结论。

它可以用来强调两个相对的概念之间的区别或对比。

例子："Although John is very good at math, he struggles with English."（虽然约翰在数学方面非常擅长，但英语却让他苦恼。

）2. 因果推理（Causal Reasoning）：这种逻辑是通过说明一个事件、行为或条件是如何导致或影响另一个事件、行为或条件的，因此可以用来说明原因和结果之间的关系。

例子："Smoking cigarettes increases the risk of developing lung cancer."（吸烟会增加患肺癌的风险。

）3. 类比推理（Analogical Reasoning）：这种逻辑是通过比较两个不同的事物或情况之间的相似性来得出结论。

它可以用来解释或支持一个观点，并通过引用类似的情况来强化论据。

例子："Just as exercise is important for physical health, reading is important for mental health."（正如锻炼对于身体健康的重要性一样，阅读对于精神健康也很重要。

）4. 演绎推理（Deductive Reasoning）：这种逻辑是通过应用普遍真理或已知事实来推断特殊情况下的结论。

它可以用来从一般性的前提中得出特殊情况下的结论。

例子："All mammals are warm-blooded. Dogs are mammals. Therefore, dogs are warm-blooded."（所有哺乳动物都是恒温的，狗是哺乳动物，因此狗是恒温的。

英语逻辑连接词

英语逻辑连接词-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One11) 先后次序关系：at this time（这时候、此时）; first; second; at last; next; previously（以前）;simultaneously[saiməl'teiniəsli]（同时）;eventually（最后）;last but not least（最后但并不是最不重要的）;to begin with（首先、本来）; to start with =for a start（首先）; first of all（首先，第一） ;to end with（最后）; finally（最后）; since then(从那时以来); afterwards(然后、后来);following this：following This Trend顺应这种趋势；By Following This Strategy通过采用这种策略；只要遵循这项策略following This Pattern下面这个模式；Following This Opinion由此来看following This Way沿着这条思路；Following This Thought循此思路following This Commitment根据这一承诺；Following This Example下面这位比如;preceding this（在这之前）.2) 因果关系：because; because of this; being that(既然、因为、由于); another important factor／reason of... ; since（既然、因为、由于、自…以来）; as（因为、依照、当…时、随着、虽然）; for; in that... (既然、因为、由于); owing to（由于，因为…）; due to; for the reason that...; in view of （鉴于、考虑到）; the reason seems to be obvious; for this reason; as a result of this; therefore; ...and so（因此、所以）...; consequently（所以、因此、结果）; as a result; thus; hence; so; so that...; in consequence（因此、结果）; as a consequence（因此、结果）; accordingly（因此、于是）; inevitably（不可避免地、必然地）; under these conditions(在这种情形下、在此情况时、在这些情况下); thereupon [,ðεərə'pɔn ]于是; seeing... （因为；鉴于；由于）;3) 转折关系：but; even so（虽然如此，即使如此）; however; though（可是、虽然、然而、不过）; even though（虽然、即使）; independent of（不管）; despite that（尽管、不管）; in spite of that （尽管、不管）; regardless of（不管）; yet...（然而、但是）; and yet（可是、然而）; but unless（除非）.4) 并列关系：and; also; too; as well as（也；和…一样；不但…而且）; either...，or...（不是…就是…；或者…或者…）; both...and...5) (补充)递进关系：furthermore(此外、而且); moreover(此外、而且); further（更远地；进一步地；而且）;In this way（这样）; still（但是；仍然；尽管如此）; not only...but also...; not that…but that…（不是(因为)…而是(因为)…）; in addition (to)（另外，此外（除…之外））; additionally(此外), much more interesting, more specifically（更具体地说）, next（其次；然后）, besides（而且；此外；除…之外）; as far as... （至于，就…而言）；in other words(换句话说); on the one hand...，on the other hand...(一方面，另一方面); even（甚至；即使）; as a popular saying goes...( 常言说); in order to do it...( 为了做这件事); meanwhile(同时); at the same time; accordingly(因此，于是); In the first place...(首先)，in the second place...(其次、第二); equally important(同样重要); of even greater appeal(更吸引).6) 比较关系：similarly（同样地）; in like manner（同样地）；in comparison with（与…比较）;when compared with（当和...相比时）; compared with（与...相比较）; when in fact...（而实际上；但事实上）; like...（如同）; likewise(也；同样地); apart from (doing)...( 除…之外；且不说；);... rather than...( 而不是；宁可…也不愿)；by doing so(通过这样来做); both…and...;in the same way(同样地；以同样的方式); not only...but (also)；7) 对照(不同点)：yet; still（但是；仍然；尽管如此）; notwithstanding(尽管，虽然); rather(宁可);neither ... nor(既不是…也不是…); although; though; but; however; conversely(相反地); unlike(和…不同，不像); opposed to(反对); as opposed to(与…截然相反) ; in contrast (to)(与此相反);on the contrary（正相反）; different from this; nevertheless(然而，不过); contrary to(与…相反); whereas [hwεə'æz] (反之；然而); while(而); but on the other hand(但另一方面).8) 举例关系：for example; for instance; in this case(假若这样); namely(也就是；换句话说);as you know(正如你知道的); as you may say(如你所说); like(像；如同); such as(比如；诸如);a case in point is...( 一个典型的例子); in particular(尤其，特别); put it simply(简单地说);for one thing...首先，for another...其次、第二; as an illustration(作为一个例证), I will say...;a good example (of...)would be...; It is interesting to note that...; i n this situation(在这种情况下); take…as example(以……为例); as for(关于，至于); as regards(关于，至于); as to(关于，至于);according to(根据); on this occasion(场合).9) 强调关系：in fact; especially; particularly; moreover; naturally(自然地);what is more important is that…(更重要的是); in reality(实际上；事实上); certainly(当然);of course; indeed(的确); in particular(尤其，特别); not to mention...( 更不必说);believe it or not(信不信由你); undeniably(不可否认地); other thing being equal(另一件是同等的);it is certain／sure that...; to be true(说实话); by definition(明显地); definitely(明确地，肯定地); undoubtedly(无庸置疑地); without a doubt(无疑地); in truth(事实上); in any event(不论怎样);without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously(明显地), not only.. but(also...), both... and...10) 条件关系：if; unless; lest(唯恐); provided that(倘若；假如); if it is the case(如果是这样的情况); in this sense(在这一点上，从这点来说); once...(一旦); if possible(如果可能的话);if necessary(如果必要的话); if so(如果是这样的话); if anything(如果有什么区别的话).11) 归纳总结类：in other words(也就是说); on the whole(就全体而论); in sum(总而言之); therefore;hence; in short(总之；简言之); in brief(总之); t o sum up(总之；概括地说);in conclusion(总之，综上所述); in summary(总之；概括起来);to conclude(最后);the conclusion can be drawn that... (可以得出的结论); for this reason(为此)12) 地点关系：beyond(在...较远的一边); opposite to(在…对面); adjacent to(接近); at the same place; there;over(从头到尾、在…之上); in the middle; around(在附近、在…周围); in front of; in the distance(在远处); farther(此外；更远地；更进一步地); here and there(各处，到处);above(在……之上；在上面);below(在下面；在…下面);at the right side(在右边);between(在…之间；在中间);on this side(在这边).13) 目的关系：for this purpose; in order that; in this way；since; so that; on that account（由于那个缘故）;in case万一、假使；with a view to（鉴于、由于考虑到）； for the same reason。

英语逻辑连接词

1)先后次序关系：at this time 〔候、此〕 ; first; second; at last; next; previously〔以前〕 ;simultaneously[saim?l'teini ?sli]〔同〕 ;eventually〔最后〕 ;last but not least 〔最后但并不是最不重要的〕 ;to begin with〔首先、本来〕 ; to start with =for a start 〔首先〕 ; first of all〔首先，第一〕 ;to end with 〔最后〕 ; finally〔最后〕 ; since then(从那以来 ); afterwards(然后、后来 );following this ：following This Trend 种； By Following This Strategy通采用种策略；只要遵循策略following This Pattern 下面个模式； Following This Opinion由此来看following This Way 沿着条思路； Following This Thought循此思路following This Commitment 根据一承； Following This Example下面位比方 ;preceding this〔在之前〕 .2)因果关系：because; because of this; being that(既然、因、由于 ); another important factor ／reason of... ; since〔既然、因、由于、自⋯以来〕 ; as〔因、依照、当⋯、随着、然〕 ; for; in that...(既然、因、由于 ); owing to〔由于，因⋯〕 ; due to; for the reason that...; in view of 〔于、考到〕; the reason seems to be obvious; for this reason; as a result of this; therefore; ...and 〔so因此、所以〕 ...; consequently〔所以、因此、果〕 ; as a result; thus; hence; so; so that...; in consequence〔因此、果〕; as a consequence〔因此、果〕; accordingly〔因此、于是〕; inevitably 〔不可防止地、必然地〕 ; under these conditions(在种情形下、在此情况、在些情况下 ); thereupon [,e ε?r'p?n ]于是 ; seeing... 〔因；于；由于〕 ;3)折关系：but; even so〔然如此，即使如此〕 ; however; though〔可是、然、然而、不〕; even though 〔然、即使〕 ; independent of〔不管〕 ; despite that 〔尽管、不管〕 ; in spite of that 〔尽管、不管〕 ; regardless of 〔不管〕 ; yet...〔然而、但是〕 ; and yet〔可是、然而〕 ; but unless〔除非〕 .4)并列关系：and; also; too; as well as〔也；和⋯一；不但⋯而且〕 ; either... ，or...〔不是⋯就是⋯；或者⋯或者⋯〕 ; both...and...5)(充 )关系：furthermore( 此外、而且 ); moreover(此外、而且 ); further 〔更地；一步地；而且〕;In this way〔〕 ; still〔但是；仍然；尽管如此〕 ; not only...but also...; not that⋯but that〔不⋯是 (因 )⋯而是 (因 )⋯〕 ; in addition (to)〔另外，此外〔除⋯之外〕〕 ; additionally( 此外 ), muchmore interesting, more specifically〔更具体地〕 , next〔其次；然后〕 , besides〔而且；此外；除⋯之外〕 ; as far as... 〔至于，就⋯而言〕； in other words( 句 ); on the one hand...，on the other hand...(一方面，另一方面 ); even〔甚至；即使〕; as a popular saying goes...(常言 ); in order to do it...( 了做件事 ); meanwhile(同 ); at the same time; accordingly(因此，于是 ); In the first place...(首先 )，in the second place...(其次、第二 ); equally important( 同重要 ); of even greater appeal(更吸引 ).6)比关系：similarly〔同地〕 ; in like manner〔同地〕；in comparison with 〔与⋯比〕 ;when compared with〔当和 ...相比〕 ; compared with〔与 ...相比〕; when in fact...〔而上；但事上〕; like...〔如同〕;likewise(也；同地);apart from (doing)...(除⋯之外；且不； );... rather than...( 而不是；宁可⋯也不愿 in the same way(同地；以同的方式)；);by doing so(通来做 );both ⋯ and...; not only...but (also)；7) 照 (不同点 )：yet; still 〔但是；仍然；尽管如此〕neither ... nor(既不是⋯也不是⋯ );; notwithstanding( 尽管，然 );rather( 宁可 ); although; though; but; however;conversely(相反地 );unlike(和⋯不同，不像 );opposed to(反 );as opposed to(与⋯截然相反) ;in contrast (to)(与此相反 );on the contrary〔正相反〕 ; different from this; nevertheless( 然而，不 ); contrary to( 与⋯相反 ); whereas [hwε?'? z] (反之；然而 ); while(而 ); but on the other hand( 但另一方面 ).8)例关系：for example; for instance; in this case(假假设 ); namely(也就是；句 );as you know(正如你知道的 );as you may say(如你所 ); like(像；如同 ); such as(比方；如 );a case in point is...( 一个典型的例子 ); in particular( 尤其，特 );put it simply( 地 );for one thing...首先， for another... 其次、第二 ; as an illustration(作一个例 ), I will say...;a good example (of...)would be...;It is interesting to note that...;in this situation( 在种情况下 );take⋯as example(以⋯⋯例);as for(关于，至于);as regards(关于，至于); as to(关于，至于 );according to(根据 ); on this occasion(合 ).9) 关系：in fact; especially; particularly; moreover; naturally(自然地 );what is more important is that ⋯(更重要的是 );in reality(上；事上);certainly(当然 );of course;indeed(确实 ); believe it or not( 信不信由你);in particular( 尤其，特 );undeniably(不可否地 );not to mention...( 更不必 );other thing being equal(另一件是同等的 );it is certain／ sure that...;to be true(); by definition( 明地 );definitely( 明确地，肯定地 ); undoubtedly(无庸置疑地 ); without a doubt( 无疑地 ); in truth( 事上 );in any event(不怎 );without reservation( 毫无保存地);obviously(明地 ),not only.. but(also...), both... and...10) 条件关系：if;unless;lest(唯恐 ); provided that( 倘假设；假设 ); if it is the case(如果是的情况 );in this sense(在一点上，从点来); once...(一旦); if possible(如果可能的); if necessary(如果必要的 ); if so(如果是的 ); if anything(如果有什么区的 ).11)：in other words( 也就是 ); on the whole(就全体而 ); in sum(而言之 );therefore;hence;in short(之；言之 );in brief(之 ); to sum up(之；概括地in conclusion(之，上所述 );in summary(之；概括起来 ); conclude(最后 );the conclusion can be drawn that... (可以得出的 );for this reason(此 ) 12) 地点关系：); tobeyond(在...的一 ); opposite to(在⋯面 ); adjacent to(接近 ); at the same place; there;over(从到尾、在⋯之上 ); in the middle; around( 在附近、在⋯周 ); in front of; in the distance(在 ); farther( 此外；更地；更一步地 ); here and there(各，到 ); above(在⋯⋯之上；在上面 );below(在下面；在⋯下面 );at the right side(在右 );between( 在⋯之；在中 );on this side(在).13)目的关系：for this purpose; in order that; in this way ；since; so that; on that account〔由于那个故〕 ; incase万一、假使； with a view to 〔于、由于考到〕； for the same reason。

英语写作逻辑关系有哪些

英语写作逻辑关系有哪些英语写作逻辑关系有哪些导语：英语写作中的逻辑关系影响了这篇文章的整体水平，下面是英语写作逻辑关系介绍，欢迎参考！1.因果关系…and so…；another important factor/reason…；as a consequence；as a result；as；because；because of；being that；consequently；due to；for the reason that；for the same reason；for；hence；for this reason；in consequence；in that…；in view of；owing to；since；so；…so that…；the reason seems obvious；therefore；thus；obviously；evidently；subsequently；in order to2.并列关系and；also；as well as；both…and…；either…or…；neither…nor…；not only…but also…；in the same way；too3.序列关系first…, second…, third…, and so forth；first of all；first and foremost；for a start；to begin with；to start with；following this；at the same time；finally；before this；simultaneously；in the meantime；besides；even；further；furthermore；in addition；in other words；in the first place…，in the second place…；in this way；meanwhile；moreover；not…but…；lastly；for one thing…，for another…4.转折关系yet；but；unless；despite that；in spite of；though；although；although this may be true；even though；however；reckless of；regardless of5.条件关系as long as；even if；even though；if necessary；if not all；if possible；if so；if；lest；once；provided that；unless6.比较关系apart from；compared with；in comparison with；likewise；rather than；similarly；similarly important；equally；when compared with7.举例关系a good example would be；for example；for instance；in this case；in another case；on this occasion；in this situation；take the case of；to demonstrate；to illustrate；according to；as an illustration；as for；as regards；as to；namely；notably；such as；like；take…as an example；say8.对比关系as opposed to；balanced against；up against；conversely；on the one hand…on the other hand…；contrary to；unlike；different from this；however；in contrast；nevertheless；on the contrary；oppose to；whereas；while9.强调关系definitely；extremely；obviously；absolutely；positively；naturally；surprisingly；always；unquestionably；without a doubt；certainly；surely；undeniably；without reservation；believe it or not；especially；particularly；in particular；specifically；in fact；as a matter of fact；actually；in deed；not to mention…；what is more important10.总结关系as a result；in one word；in brief；in short；in other words；in summary；on the whole；in conclusion；the conclusion can be safely drawn that…；to conclude；to sum up；summing up；as I have shown；as I have said；all in all；as I have noted；as has been noted；as is mentioned above。

英语文章中常见的逻辑关系

英语文章中常见的逻辑关系1.并列关系and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, not only……but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same……as;2.递进关系also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more; indeed;3.因果关系because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, such…..that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason;4.转折关系but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately;5.让步关系although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of;anyway, anyhow6.列举（顺序）关系first\second\last of all, in the first place\in the second place\finally, to begin with\ to continue, first……then, on one hand……on the other hand, for one thing……for another, one……another, some……others……still others; 7.对比关系while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not….. but;8.时间关系when, whenever, before, after, since, as, while, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time;9.条件关系if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever, with;10.举例关系such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely;关联词运用实例说明1．表示举例说明a case in point, after all, as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, such, specifically, that is, to illustrate, to demonstratea) Many southern cities are growing above the national average — Atlanta is a case in point.b) The news about calcium and kidney stones is a case in point.c) Prisoners should be treated with respect — they are human beings after all.d) These are, after all, very familiar species.e) It's extremely expensive to live in New York. For example, I pay $1, 250 for a one-bedroom apartment.f) Many countries, for example Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes.g) Old English was in many ways similar to Modern German. For instance, the nouns, adjectives, and verbs were highly inflected.h) We need to rethink the way we consume energy. Take, for instance, our approach to transport.i) Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.j) His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as (=equally) popular.k) One of the most important stages has yet to be started, namely beginning to fit the person into their new job.1) The issues are in two main clusters, namely the safety and the pricing and procurement of drugs.m) The rules make it quite clear what should be done in such a situation.n) We're talking about money —specifically, the money we need to repair our schools.o) One solution would be to change the shape of the screen, that is, to make it wider.2．表示增补意义additionally, again, along with, also, and, and then, as well as, besides, equally, even, further, furthermore, in addition, in other words, just as, likewise, moreover, not only...but also, similarly, to put it another way, to repeat, then, too, what's morea) They may also additionally represent much more; they may indeed have a highly integrating social function.b) And again, these workshops will benefit the community considerably.c) Dunne was murdered, along with three guards.d) Sugar is bad for your teeth. It can also contribute to heart disease.e) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.f) Fry the onions gently, and then add the meat and cook for a few minutes.g) The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money for local charities.h) People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.i) We want the economy to grow, but equally we want low inflation.j) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad. "k) The majority of Americans increased their wealth in the past decade. Furthermore, the gains were substantial.l) A new security system was installed. In addition, extra guards were hired.m) The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely available.n) The tax only affects people on incomes over $200, 000—in other words, the very rich.o) The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.p) Using language is a very complex enterprise. Moreover, there is more to communication than merely putting sentences together.q) The system was not only complicated but also ineffective.r) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.s) Money makes money. To put it another way, the more you invest, the greater your potential profit will be.t) The problem demands a global solution. To put it another way, local regulations will have very little effect.u) First you need to collect all the information and make detailed notes. Then you can start to actually write your essay.v) Think about what you owe, too, in terms of mortgages, credit cards, loans or hire purchase.w) Gas is a very efficient fuel. And what' s more, it's clean.3．表示强调above all, anyway, as a matter of fact, certainly, indeed, in fact, in particular, most important, obviously, of course, surely, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubta) Although it is somewhat limited in its applications it is easy to operate and above all it is fun.b) He got lost and spent hours looking for the station, and anyway it was past midnight by the time he got home.c) And, as a matter of fact, the U. S. Golf Association was delighted.d) Books and people certainly affected him.e) Most of the essays were very good indeed.f) Her teachers said she was a slow learner, whereas in fact she was partially deaf.g) Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.h) But the reverse is true when an attorney represents a person who is obviously guilty or whose guilt is widely perceived.i) This is very obviously the approach of some one writing exclusively and specifically for the young.j) Of course there will be some difficult times ahead.k) If a sign were needed that the Internet has become a real market, the arrival of tax avoidance is surely it.l) Throwing money at the problem is surely not the way to convince people of sincerity.m) It was difficult, to be sure, but somehow we managed to finish the job.n) If we truly believe we can win, then we have a very good chance at doing it.o) Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.p) Sally was without doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school.4．表示对比或对照by contrast, but, conversely, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, whereas, while, yeta) The birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage mothers have increased.b) The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but to provide work for young people.c) American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs.d) Scandinavian cruises are very popular in the summer; conversely, the Carib bean is most popular in the winter.e) The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.f) Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased.g) It wasn't a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake.h) Nuclear power is relatively cheap. On the other hand, you could argue that it's not safe.i) It is equally vital that both should be mentioned, otherwise a client, particularly a buyer, could be seriously misled.j) Unlike most people in the office, I don't come to work by car.k) A bowl of instant oatmeal costs about $1. 5, whereas regular oatmeal costs only $0. 5 per bowl.l) The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.m) Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the south are relatively poor.n) Last summer there was a drought, yet some people were still watering their lawns every day.5．表示比较by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, like, likewise, similarlya) After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool by comparison.b) By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high.c) Even when the correct word was given a high probability, there were many other words with an equally high probability.d) Many business people do not know what sexual harassment is. Equally important, they do not know how to prevent it.e) an extremely unpleasant disease which is, however, easy to treatf) Cotton production was on the increase. However, it was still a small industry compared to hemp and canvas production.g) The deaf children of hearing parents are almost normal in comparison, having everything except language experience.h) There is often stronger social control evident in the socialisation of girls in comparison to boys.i) Good management accounts separate the well-organised from the rest but are not vital in the same way.j) I don't want him treating me like Jim treated me.k) The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.l) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.6．表示让步admittedly, after all, all the same, although, certainly, clearly, even so, it is true (that), in spite of, nevertheless, of course, still, truea) The technique is painful, admittedly, but it benefits the patient greatly.b) Printing and presentation should be as attractive as possible — after all the library is an attractive place, isn't it?c) I realise she can be very annoying, but I think you should apologise all the same.d) We decided to take rooms in Longwood House, although we knew we could not really afford the rent.e) We are not especially well-treated, certainly not as well as the locals.f) Clearly, the racial problems in America have no easy answers.g) The fines for speeding are large, but even so, they are not always a deterrent.h) And it is true that after his death she ceased to exist for the world beyond the farm.i) But in spite of the hardships, real efforts and progress are being made.j) A false belief may nevertheless be justified.k) Though employment growth is down, the area is still attracting health care, high tech, banking and sports-related industries.7．表示结果accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thusa) Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.b) As many as 2, 500 people died as a result of the earthquake and the ensuing tidal waves.c) Most computer users have never received any formal keyboard training. Consequently, their keyboard skills are inefficient.d) The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry. Hence factory location is an important consideration.e) In this way normal healthy people may be tested without inducing any damage in their brain.f) The building work is taking quite a long time, and therefore costing us money.g) Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty. 8．表示转折although, but, despite, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yeta) You can copy down my answers, although I'm not sure if they're right.b) In the US it is normal for the police to carry guns, but not in Britain.c) Despite international pressure, progress has slowed in the peace talks.d) Pen Pros: Except for personal letters, handwritten notes are withering into extinction.e) The rooms, though small, were pleasant and airy.f) This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers.g) In spite of her success, Spencer continues to get depressed.h) Cardew did not join the navy. Instead, he decided to join the theater and become an actor.i) Thus we can talk of a local government system which is different from a central government system but nevertheless interacts with it.j) Reintroduction of food after elemental regimens must nevertheless be undertaken with the greatest of care irrespective of whether or not elimination diets are used.k) The hamburger was tough and overcooked. The fries, on the other hand, were terrific, and well worth the money.l) Stir the sauce until it cools, otherwise it will be lumpy.m) It presumes that reality is dynamic rather than static, and therefore seeks relationships between ideas, to aim at synthesis.n) There is no important theory-based reason why these countries rather than others were selected.o) The offenders were dealt with firmly though fairly.p) They charge incredibly high prices, yet customers keep coming back for more.9．表示结论as has been noted(mentioned，stated)，at last，finally，in a word，all in all，in brief, in conclusion, in short，in sum，in summary，to conclude，to sum up，to summarizea)An inhibition，as mentioned above，is rarely used．b)At last, we were able to afford a house．c)We finally found a decent apartment close to campus．d)Pop，in a word，is fascination versus meaning．e)It was，all in all，more like a prison than an office．f)In brief，the President plarts to cut defense spellding and lowet taxes.g)In conclusion，I want to thank all the people who have volunteered their time to our organization．h)In short，the report says that more money should be spent on education.i)In sum，we need to cut costs．j) In summary, do not sell your shares.k) To conclude, the prospects for philosophy of religion look brighter than they have done for many moons.l) To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. rn) To summarize, in most cases the schools were achieving the standards set.10．表示顺序and, besides, finally, first, firstly, further, in the first place, last, next, second, secondly, third, thirdly, to begin with, to start with,a) It also assigned staff people to work with individual companies that wanted to launch a program.b) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.c) You need to know what tights you have and how to use them.d) Besides going to aerobics twice a week, she tides horses on Saturdays.e) And finally, I' d like to thank the crew.f) First, I'd like to thank everyone for coming.g) The application of the five stages to the task illustrated would involve, firstly, the definition of the task.h) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad. "i) And there i. s the question of the relevance of the trading of information in the first place.j) Connect the red wires first and the black ones last.k) First you need to select the text you want to move. Next, click on the "Move" command at the top of the screen.l) But, second, in the vast majority of markets, efficient production can be attained with a high degree of competition.m) The more you practise the better you will become at selecting historical information to suit firstly your essay and secondly your argument.n) To begin with, much of this new housing is not affordable.o) I' m not going to Vegas. To start with, I don' t like gambling, and I also can' t get time off work.。