英语中四大复合结构
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英语中有四大复合结构:
1. 动词不定式的复合结构 ( for sb to do sth )
Please find some work for the children to do. (孩子们做工作)
The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)
2. 动名词的复合结构(sb’s / sb doing sth )
His being late again made the teacher angry. (他迟到)
Would you mind my / me smoking here (我抽烟)
动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词”。
以上两种结构中,一个只能用不定式表示动作,一个只能用动名词;而在下面两个结构中,可以有多种词性的词表示动作或状态。
3. 独立主格结构 (主格名词或代词+补足成分)
The work finished, we stopped for a drink. (分词)
She looked angrily at the pretty girl, her face white and her eyes green. (形容词)
Sword in hand, the man came at me. (介词短语)
独立主格结构在句子中做状语,表原因或伴随状态。
4. 复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)
His speech made us laugh. (不定式)
When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. (介词短语)
I want the house painted white. (分词)
Don’t keep the lights on all the night. (副词。这类副词还有:here, there, home, back, off, away, out, in, up, down等)
We consider him one of our best friends. (名词)
We found the movie wonderful. (形容词)
能够接复合宾语的动词可分为三类:
(1). 感官类,如:see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel 等
(2). 意识类,如:believe, think, suppose, consider, wish 等
(3). 使动类,如:keep, leave; make, have, let 等
除动词可以接复合宾语外,介词with也可以接复合宾语,在句子中做状语和定语。
The farmers found some stone with writing on it. (定语)
With a lot of work to do, he got up early and hurried to the workshop. (状语)
与动词一样,With复宾中的宾语补足语也可以由各种结构来充当。
英语语法With的复合结构用的较多,以下是用法:
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.