热处理生产线简介(翻译)
金属材料及热处理工艺常用基础英语词汇翻译对照1 - 〖表面热处理〗 - 热处理工艺 - 热处理论坛 热处理技术
热处理论坛? 热处理工艺 ? 〖表面热处理〗 ? 金属材料及热处理工艺常用基础英语词汇翻译对照1返回列表发帖热处理新手keweijiani [原创] 金属材料及热处理工艺常用基础英语词汇翻译对照1X 线结晶分析法 X – ray crystal analyics method奥氏体 Austenite奥氏体碳钢 Austenite Carbon Steel奥氏铁孻回火 Austempering半静钢 Semi-killed steel包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature薄卷片及薄片（0.3至2.9mm 厚之片）机械性能 Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel （Thickness from 0.3mm to2.9mm ） – strip/sheet杯突测试（厚度： 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘 3个试片平均数） Erichsen test （Thickness ： 0.4mm to 1.6mm ，figure round up to 0.1mm ）贝氏体钢片 Bainite Steel Strip比电阻 Specific resistivity & specific resistance比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体 Comparison of Diamagnetism ， Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism比热 Specific Heat比重 Specific gravity & specific density边缘处理 Edge Finish扁线、半圆线及异形线 Flat Wire ， Half Round Wire ， Shaped WirePrecision Shaped Fine Wire扁线公差 Flat Wire Tolerance变态点 Transformation Point表面保护胶纸 Surface protection film表面处理 Surface finish表面处理 Surface Treatment不破坏检验 Non – destructive inspections打印字体大小:1楼跳转到 ?倒序看帖 发表于 16 分钟前 | 只看该作者注册 登录论坛空间百科导航不锈钢基层金属 Stainless Steel as Base Metal不锈钢片、板用途例 Examples of End Usages of Strip， Sheet & Plate不锈钢片材常用代号 Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless不锈钢片机械性能（301， 304， 631， CSP） Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解 General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性 Classification， Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution常用尺寸 Commonly Used Size常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份 StainlessSpring Wire – National Standard number， Charateristic，Surface finish & Chemical composition常用的镀锌钢片（电解片）的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度 Base metal， application， JIS & ASTM standard，Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet长度公差 Length Tolerance超耐热钢 Special Heat Resistance Steel超声波探伤法 Ultrasonic inspection冲击测试 Impact Test冲剪 Drawing & stamping初释纯铁体 Pro-entectoid ferrite处理及表面状况 Finish & Surface纯铁体 Ferrite磁场 Magnetic Field磁畴 Magnetic domain磁粉探伤法 Magnetic particle inspection磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility （Xm）磁矩 magnetic moment磁力 Magnetic磁力 Magnetic Force磁偶极子 Dipole磁性 Magnetisum磁性变态 Magnetic Transformation磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation磁性感应 Magnetic Induction粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite淬火 Quenching淬火及回火状态 Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip淬火剂 Quenching Media单相金属 Single Phase Metal单相轧压镀锡薄铁片（白铁皮/马口铁） Single-Reduced Tinplate弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表 Stainless Spring Steel， Wire diameterTensile strength of Spring Wire弹簧用碳钢片 CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理 Edge Finished弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点 elastic limit， Yeung''s module of elasticity to yield point倒后擦发条 Pull Back Power Spring导热度 Heat conductivity低碳钢或铁基层金属 Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal低碳马氏体不锈钢 Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel低温脆性 Cold brittleness低温退火 Low Temperature Annealing第二潜变期 Secondary Creep第三潜变期 Tertiary Creep第壹潜变期 Primary Creep点焊 Spot welding电镀金属钢片 Plate Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点 Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip电镀锌（电解）钢片 Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet电镀锌钢片的焊接 Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet电镀锌钢片或电解钢片 Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力 Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet电解冷轧钢片厚度公差 Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet电炉 Electric furnace电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘 [低碳] 钢片 Coated （Low Carbon） Steel Sheets for Casing，Electricals & Home Appliances电器用的硅 [硅] 钢片之分类 Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层 Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因 Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet电器用硅 [硅] 钢片 Electrical Steel Sheet电阻焊 Resistance Welding定型发条 Constant Torque Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程 ShapeSpring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力 Spring Force of Constant Torque SpringWing-up Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号 The FormulaSymbol of Constant Torque Spring镀层质量标记 Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings镀铬 Chrome Plated镀黄铜 Brass Plated镀铝（硅）钢片 – 美材试标准（ASTM A-463-77）35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能 Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated SheetsCoils镀铝（硅）钢片 – 日工标准（JIS G3314） Hot-aluminum-coated sheetscoils to JIS G 3314镀铝（硅）钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较 Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel 镀铝（硅）钢片生产流程 Aluminum Steel Sheet， Production Flow Chart镀铝硅钢片 Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet镀铝硅合金钢片的特色 Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet镀镍 Nickel Plated镀锡薄钢片（白铁皮/马日铁）制造过程 Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄铁片（白铁皮/马口铁）（日工标准 JIS G3303）镀锡薄铁片的构造 Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate锻造 Fogging断面缩率 Reduction of area发条的分类及材料 Power Spring Strip ClassificationMaterials发条片 Power Spring Strip反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism方线公差 Square Wire Tolerance防止生锈 Rust Protection放射线探伤法 Radiographic inspection非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数 Lamination Factors of Electrical， Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical沸腾钢（未净钢） Rimmed steel分类 Classification负磁力效应 Negative effect钢板 Steel Plate钢板订货需知 Ordering of Steel Plate钢板生产流程 Production Flow Chart钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准 Type of steel Plate & Related JIS， ASTMOther Major Industrial Standards钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧 The Casting， Fogging， Extrusion， Rolling & Steel钢的脆性 Brittleness of Steel钢的种类 Type of Steel钢铁的名称 Name of steel钢铁的制造 Manufacturing of Steel钢铁的主要成份 The major element of steel钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart钢铁用“碳”之含量来分类 Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents高锰钢铸 – 日工标准 High manganese steel to JIS standard高碳钢化学成份及用途 High Carbon Tool Steel， Chemical CompositionUsage高碳钢片 High Carbon Steel Strip高碳钢片用途 End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip高碳钢线枝 High Carbon Steel Wire Rod （to JIS G3506）高温回火 High Temperature Tempering格子常数 Lattice constant铬钢 – 日工标准 JIS G4104 Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会 ASTM A313 – 1987 Chromium – Nickel StainlessHeat-resisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987铬系耐热钢 Chrome Heat Resistance Steel铬钼钢钢材 – 日工标准 G4105 62 Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表 Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish工业标准及规格 – 铁及非铁金属 Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal公差 Size Tolerance共晶 Eutectic共释变态 Eutectoid Transformation固熔体 Solid solution光辉退火 Bright Annealing光线（低碳钢线），火线（退火低碳钢线），铅水线（镀锌低碳钢线）及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注 Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire， Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire， Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification， Symbol of Grade， ToleranceRemarks.硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处 The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel滚焊 Seam welding过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid含硫易车钢 Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel含铅易车钢 Leaded Free Cutting Steel含铁体不锈钢 Ferrite Stainless Steel焊接 Welding焊接合金 SolderingBrazing Alloy焊接能力 Weldability 镀铝钢片的焊接状态（比较冷辘钢片） Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip合金平衡状态 Thermal Equilibrium厚度及阔度公差 Tolerance on Thickness & Width滑动面 Slip Plan化学成份 Chemical Composition化学结合 Chemical bond化学性能 Chemical Properties化学元素 Chemical element黄铜基层金属 Brass as Base Metal回复柔软 Crystal Recovery回火脆性 Temper brittleness回火有低温回火及高温回火 Low & High Temperature Tempering回火状态 Annealed Strip基层金属 Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip机械性能 Mechanical Properites机械性能 Mechanical properties畸变 Distortion级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号 Grade， Plating type， Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径 Classes， symbols， twisting characteristicapplied Wire Diameters级别，代号及化学成份 Classification， Symbol of GradeChemical Composition挤压 Extrusion加工方法 Manufacturing Method加工性能 Machinability简介 General交换能量 Positive energy exchange矫顽磁力 Coercive Force金属变态 Transformation金属材料的试验方法 The Method of Metal inspection金属材料的性能及试验 Properties & testing of metal金属的特性 Features of Metal金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较 Equilibrium Comparision金属间化物 Intermetallic compound金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice金属捆片电镀层 Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip金属塑性 Plastic Deformation金属特性 Special metallic features金属与合金 MetalAlloy金相及相律 Metal PhasePhase Rule晶粒取向（Grain-Oriented）及非晶粒取向（Non-Oriented）晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数（日工标准及美材标准） Magnetic PropertiesLamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip （JISAISI Standard）晶粒取向电器用硅 [硅] 钢；片 – 高硼低硫（LS）定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能 MagneticElectrical Properties of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅 [硅] 钢片 – 高硼（HI-B）定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数 Mechanical PropertiesLamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-BSI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅 [硅] 钢片 – 高硼低硫（LS）定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数 Mechanical PropertiesLamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅（硅）钢片 – 高硼（HI-B）定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫（LS）定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard FormsSize of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B，SI-CORE， & SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain-晶粒取向电器用硅（硅）钢片-高硼（HI-B）定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫（LS）定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B， SI-ORIENT-CORE， & SI-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain晶粒取向电器用硅钢片 Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准 International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶体结构 Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格 Crystal structure， Space lattice & Unit cell净磁矩 Net magnetic moment绝缘表面 Surface Insulation均热炉 Soaking pit抗磁体 Diamagnetism抗腐蚀及耐用 Corrosion & resistance durability抗化学品能力 Chemical Resistance抗敏感及环境保护 Allergic， re-cycling & environmental protection抗热超级合金 Heat Resistance Super Alloy扩散退火 Diffusion Annealing拉尺发条 Measure Tape拉伸测试（顺纹测试） Elongation test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝 Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging （to JIS G3507）冷拉钢板重量表 Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table冷拉钢枝材 Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar冷拉高碳钢线 Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire冷轧钢片 Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准 Cold-Rolled （Special Steel） Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差 Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet冷轧状态 Cold Rolled Strip冷辘（低碳）钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表 End usages， industrial standard， quality，conditionhardness of cold rolled steel strip收藏分享球化退火 Spheroidizing Annealing曲面（假曲率） Camber屈服强度（降伏强度）（Yield strangth）全静钢 Killed steel热力应先从工件边缘透入 Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges热膨胀系数 Coefficient of thermal expansion热轧钢片 Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip热轧钢片厚度公差 Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份（先数字后字母排列） JIS – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel （in order of number & alphabet）日工标准（JIS G3141）冷辘钢片化学成份 Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141日工标准（JIS G3141）冷辘钢片重量列表 Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片（双单光片）的编号浅释 Decoding of cold rolled（Low carbon）steel strip JIS G3141日工标准下的特殊钢材 Specail Steel according to JIS Standard熔铸 Casting软磁 Soft Magnetic软磁材料 Soft Magnetic Material软焊 Soldering Alloy软焊合金 – 日本标准 JIS H 4341 Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341上链发条 Wind-up Spring上漆能力 Paint Adhesion伸长度 Elongation渗碳体 Cementitle渗透探伤法 Penetrate inspection生产流程 Production Flow Chart生锈速度表 Speed of rusting时间淬火 Time Quenching时间效应（老化）及拉伸应变 Aging & Stretcher Strains释出硬化不锈钢 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel双相辗压镀锡薄钢片（马口铁/白铁皮） Dual-Reduction Tinplate顺磁体 Paramagnetic碳钢回火 Tempering碳污染 Prevent Carbon Contamination特点 Characteristic特殊钢 Special Steel特殊钢以用途来分类 Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage特殊钢以原素分类 Classification of Special Steel according to Element提防过份氧化 No Excessive Oxidation铁磁体 Ferromagnetism铁铬系不锈钢片 Chrome Stainless Steel铁及非铁金属 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal铁锰铝不锈钢 Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel铁线（低碳钢线）日工标准 JIS G 3532 Low Carbon Steel Wires （ Iron Wire ） to JIS G 3532铁相 Steel Phases同素变态 Allotropic Transformation铜基层金属 Copper as Base Metal透磁度 Magnetic Permeability退火 Annealing退火时注意事项 Annealing Precautionary外价电子 Outer valence electrons弯度 Camber完全退火 Full Annealing物理性能 Physical Properties物料科学 Material Science物料科学定义 Material Science Definition锡层质量 Mass of Tin Coating （JIS G3303-1987）锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表 Comparison of Tin base， Lead baseZinc base alloy for Bearing purpose细线材、枝材、棒材 Chapter Five Wire， Rod & Bar显微观察法 Microscopic inspection线材/枝材材质分类及制成品 ClassificationEnd Products of Wire/Rod线径、公差及机械性能（日本工业标准 G 3521） Mechanical Properties （JIS G 3521）相反旋转 Opposite span相律 Phase Rule锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径 Weight of Zinc-Coating， Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate TestDiameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass锌镀层质量（两个不同锌镀层厚度） Mass Calculation of coating （For differential coating）/MM锌镀层质量（两个相同锌镀层厚度） Mass Calculation of coating （For equal coating）/MM亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism亚铁释体 Hyppo-Eutectoid延轧 Rolling颜色 Colour易车（快削）不锈钢 Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车（快削）不锈钢拉力表 Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires易车（快削）不锈钢种类 Type of steel易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较 Hardness of Different Types & Size of Free Cutting Steel易车碳钢 Free Cutting Carbon Steels （to JIS G4804 ）易溶合金 Fusible Alloy应力退火温度 Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature应用材料 Material Used硬磁 Hard Magnetic硬磁材料 Hard Magnetic Material硬度 Hardness硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test硬焊 Brazing Alloy硬化 Work Hardening硬化性能 Hardenability用含碳量分类 – 即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢 Classification According to Carbon Contains用途 End Usages用组织结构分类 Classification According to Grain Structure幼珠光体 Fine pearlite元素的原子序数 Atom of Elements原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表 The size， mass， charge of an atom，is particles （Pronton，NentronElectron）原子的组织图 Atom Constitutes原子及固体物质 Atomsolid material原子键结 Atom Bonding圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差 Tolerance on ShapeDimensions for Round Steel Bar， Square Steel Bar，Hexagonal Steel Bar圆径及偏圆度之公差 Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality圆面（“卜竹”）发条 Convex Spring Strip再结晶 Recrystallization正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility枝/棒无芯磨公差表（μ）（μ = 1/100 mm） Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份 AISI， JIS End UsageChemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar直径，公差及拉力强度 Diameter， ToleranceTensile Strength直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度 Diameter Tolerance， OvalityAverage Decarburized Layer Depth置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution滞后回线 Narrow Hystersis。
钢管行业英语词汇
12-Stand Sizing Mill 12机架定径机3RMM Mandrel Bar Retaining System 三辊连轧管机芯棒限动系统3-Stand 3RMM 3机架3辊连轧管机3-Stand Extracting Mill 3机架脱管机Acceptance 验收Accessory material 附件材料Annex 附件Annex1：general description 总体描述（生产能力、产品大纲等）Annex10：process tool and spare parts 操作更换件Annex11：training 人员培训Annex2：technical specification 技术规格书Annex3：breakdown of scope of supply 总承包范围及分界面Annex4：technical documents to be submitted by the seller 卖方技术资料交付Annex5：technical documents to be submitted by the buyer 买方技术资料交付Annex6：acceptance test 验收试验Annex7：standards for equipment design,manufacture and inspection 设备的设计、制造和检查标准Annex8：time schedule项目进度表Annex9：dispatch of personnel from both parties 双方人员的派遣Annual Capacity年产量API Threading API车丝Appendix 附件Artificial notch 缺口Austenising Furnace 淬火炉Available Time有效时间Average Billet Weight管坯平均重量Band saw 带锯Bar handling system 打捆机beveling angle 倒棱角度Beveling/Chamfering倒棱Bevelling tool 倒棱刀锯Biller Cold Saw and Auxiliary Machine 管坯冷锯及辅机Billet Cutting 管坯切断Billet pieces 管坯枝数/根数Billet Saw－Saw Blades 管坯锯－锯片消耗Billet storage 管坯库Billet/Pipe Taper 端面斜度Blade regrinding area 锯片加工区Blasting Device 喷砂装置Blasting 喷砂Borax Blasting Device喷硼砂装置Bottleneck Capacity 瓶颈能力，最小能力BTC 梯形扣Bundling pocket 打包Bundling station 打捆Butt ends collecting area 料头堆放区Calendar Utilisation 有效时间Calibration tube 样管Camber correction 弯曲度Carload 车载量，管子制造厂发货时装载在一节火车车皮上的管子数量。
新型推盘式硅钢片热处理生产线
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Ｗ Ｕ Ｇｕａ — ｈ ｎｇ ｚ ｉ
（ ａｊ ｇＳ ｅ （ ｒｕ ） ｏ ， ｔ． ａｊ ｇＪ ｎｓ １ ０ ３ Ｃ ｉａ Ｎ ｎｉ ｈｌ Ｇ ｏ ｐ Ｃ ． Ｌｄ ，Ｎ ｎｉ ｉ ｇｕ２ ０ ３ ， ｈｎ ） ｎ ｕ ｎ ａ
１ 磁性 材 料及 其热处 理简 述
要 的基 础工 业 和高科 技领域 。
通 常认 为 ， 性 材 料 是 指 含 有 过 渡 元 素 铁 、 、 磁 钴
镍及其合金等 ， 能够直接或间接产生磁性 的物质。 众所周知 ， 磁性材料 已经广 泛地用于工业和 日 常生活之中。如用于电声、 电信、 电表、 电机中， 还可 作 记忆 元 件 、 波元 件 等 。可 用 于 记 录语 言 、 乐 、 微 音 图像 信 息 的 磁 带 、 算 机 的磁 性 存 储 设 备 、 市 购 计 超 物 、 车 的凭证 和票价 结算 的磁 性卡 等 。 乘 又如将永磁材料用作马达 ， 变压器 中的铁心材 料， 作为存储器使用的磁光盘 ， 计算机用的磁记录软 盘 等 。可 以说 ， 性 材 料 与 信 息 化 、 磁 自动 化 、 电一 机 体化 以及航天与国防等国民经济和 国计民生 的方方
我们 把顺 磁性 物质 和抗磁 性 物质 称 为 弱磁 性 物
质， 把铁 磁性 物 质 称 为 强 磁 性 物质 。通 常 所 说 的磁
性 材料是 指 强磁性 物质 。磁性 材 料按 磁 化 后去 磁 的 难 易可 分为 软磁材料 和 硬磁 材料 。磁化 后 容 易去 掉 磁 性 的物质 叫 软 磁材 料 ， 容 易去 掉 磁 性 的物 质 叫 不 硬 磁材料 （ 称永磁 材料 ） 也 。一 般来讲 软磁 材 料剩 磁
热处理专业名词英文翻译
1、整体热处理 bulk heat treatment2、表面热处理 surface heat treatment3、化学热处理 thermo-chemical treatment4、预备热处理 conditioning heat treatment5、局部热处理 local heat treatment6、可控气氛热处理 heat treatment in-controlled atmosphere7、真空热处理 vacuum heat treatment008、离子热处理 ion heat treatment9、高能束热处理high energy density heat treatment10、形变热处理 thermomechanical treatment11、复合热处理 complex heat treatment12、流态床热处理 heat treatment in fluidized beds13、吸热式气氛 endothermic atmosphere14、放热式气氛 exothermic atmosphere15、放热-吸热式气氛 exo-endothermic atmosphere16、滴注式气氛 drip feed atmosphere17、氮基气氛nitrogen-base atmosphere18、合成气氛artificial atmosphere019、直生式气氛 direct prepared atmosphere20、淬火冷却介质 quenching media21、淬火冷却烈度 quenching severity22、淬透性 hardenability23、淬硬性 hardening capacity24、端淬试验Jominy test25、奥氏体化austenitizing26、等温转变isothermal transformation27、连续冷却转变 continuous cooling transformation28、退火 annealing29、完全退火full annealing30、不完全退火 incomplete annealing31、去应力退火 stress relieving annealing32、球化退火spheroidizing033、正火 normalizing34、等温正火isothermal normalizing35、淬火 quenching harding36、等温淬火austempering37、分级淬火martempering38、亚温淬火intercritical hardening39、冷处理 subzero treatment40、深冷处理cryogenic treatment41、马氏体临界冷却速度 critical colding rate42、有效淬硬深度 effective hardening depth043、回火tempering44、低温回火 low temperature tempering045、高温回火high temperature tempering46、自回火 self tempering47、回火脆性temper brittlement48、淬冷畸变quenching distortion49、氢脆 hydrogen embrittlement50、残留应力residual stresses51、热应力 thermal stresses52、相变应力transformation stresses53、固溶处理solution treatment54、时效 ageing055、沉淀硬化precipitation hardening56、氧化 oxidation57、脱碳 decarburizing58、内氧化 internal oxidation59、渗碳 carburizing60、固体渗碳pack carburizing61、气体渗碳gas caiburizing62、液体渗碳liquid carburizing63、真空渗碳vacuum carburizing64、离子渗碳plasma carburizing065、复碳 carbon restoration66、碳势 carbon potential67、露点 dew point68、强渗期 carburizing period69、扩散期 diffusion period70、载气 carrier gas71、富化气 enrich gas72、渗氮 nitriding73、液体渗氮liquid nitriding74、气体渗氮gas nitriding75、离子渗氮ion nitriding076、退氮 denitriding77、渗氮化合物层 compound layer78、氨分解率ammonia dissociation rate79、渗金属 metal cementation80、多元共渗multicomponent cementation81、碳氮共渗carbonitriding082、氮碳共渗nitrocarburizing83、流氮共渗sulpho-nitriding84、氧氮共渗oxynitriding85、化学气象沉淀 chemical vapor deposition86、物理气相沉淀 physical vapor deposition87、相phase88、组织 structure89、晶粒 grain90、晶界 grain boundary91、晶粒度grain size92、晶粒度等级 grain size number93、共晶组织 eutectic-structure094、共析组织 eutectoid structure95、层片状组织 lamellar-structure96、弥散相dispersed phase97、亚组织substructure98、位错 dislocation099、结构 texture机械专业名词金属切削 metal cutting机床 machine tool金属工艺学 technology of metals 刀具 cutter摩擦 friction联结 link传动 drive/transmission轴 shaft弹性 elasticity频率特性 frequency characteristic 误差 error响应 response定位 allocation机床夹具 jig动力学 dynamic运动学 kinematic静力学 static分析力学 analyse mechanics拉伸 pulling压缩 hitting剪切 shear扭转 twist弯曲应力 bending stress强度 intensity三相交流电 three-phase AC磁路 magnetic circles变压器 transformer异步电动机 asynchronous motor几何形状 geometrical精度 precision正弦形的 sinusoid交流电路 AC circuit机械加工余量 machining allowance 变形力 deforming force变形 deformation应力 stress硬度 rigidity热处理 heat treatment退火 anneal正火 normalizing脱碳 decarburization渗碳 carburization电路 circuit半导体元件 semiconductor element 反馈 feedback发生器 generator直流电源 DC electrical source门电路 gate circuit逻辑代数 logic algebra外圆磨削 external grinding内圆磨削 internal grinding平面磨削 plane grinding变速箱 gearbox离合器 clutch绞孔 fraising绞刀 reamer螺纹加工 thread processing螺钉 screw铣削 mill铣刀 milling cutter功率 power工件 workpiece齿轮加工 gear mechining齿轮 gear主运动 main movement主运动方向 direction of main movement进给方向 direction of feed进给运动 feed movement合成进给运动 resultant movement of feed合成切削运动 resultant movement of cutting合成切削运动方向 direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削深度 cutting depth前刀面 rake face刀尖 nose of tool前角 rake angle后角 clearance angle龙门刨削 planing主轴 spindle主轴箱 headstock卡盘 chuck加工中心 machining center车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe钻削镗削 bore车削 turning磨床 grinder基准 benchmark钳工 locksmith锻 forge压模 stamping焊 weld拉床 broaching machine拉孔 broaching装配 assembling铸造 found流体动力学 fluid dynamics流体力学 fluid mechanics加工 machining液压 hydraulic pressure切线 tangent机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性 stability介质 medium液压驱动泵 fluid clutch 液压泵 hydraulic pump阀门 valve失效 invalidation强度 intensity载荷 load应力 stress安全系数 safty factor可靠性 reliability螺纹 thread螺旋 helix键 spline销 pin滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing 弹簧 spring制动器 arrester brake十字结联轴节 crosshead 联轴歧 coupling链 chain皮带 strap精加工 finish machining粗加工 rough machining变速箱体 gearbox casing腐蚀 rust氧化 oxidation磨损 wear耐用度 durability随机信号 random signal离散信号 discrete signal超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor 集成电路 integrate circuit 挡板 orifice plate残余应力 residual stress套筒 sleeve扭力 torsion冷加工 cold machining电动机 electromotor汽缸 cylinder过盈配合 interference fit热加工 hotwork摄像头 CCD camera倒角 rounding chamfer优化设计 optimal design工业造型设计 industrial moulding design有限元 finite element滚齿 hobbing插齿 gear shaping伺服电机 actuating motor铣床 milling machine钻床 drill machine镗床 boring machine步进电机 stepper motor丝杠 screw rod导轨 lead rail组件 subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器 Programmable Logic Controller PLC 电火花加工 electric spark machining电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge wire - cutting 相图 phase diagram热处理 heat treatment固态相变 solid state phase changes有色金属 nonferrous metal合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curve范成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\微分 differential coefficient求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积菲 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap二阶行列式 second order determinant 逆矩阵 inverse matrix线性方程组 linear equations概率 probability随机变量 random variable排列组合 permutation and combination 气体状态方程 equation of state of gas 动能 kinetic energy势能 potential energy机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy 动量 momentum桁架 truss轴线 axes余子式 cofactor逻辑电路 logic circuit触发器 flip-flop脉冲波形 pulse shape数模 digital analogy液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism机械零件 mechanical parts淬火冷却 quench淬火 hardening回火 tempering调质 hardening and tempering磨粒 abrasive grain结合剂 bonding agent砂轮 grinding wheel。
热处理术语的英文翻译
热处理术语的英文翻译indication 缺陷test specimen 试样bar 棒材stock 原料billet 方钢，钢方坯bloom 钢坯,钢锭section 型材steel ingot 钢锭blank 坯料，半成品cast steel 铸钢nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁ductile cast iron 球墨铸铁bronze 青铜brass 黄铜copper 合金stainless steel不锈钢decarburization 脱碳scale 氧化皮anneal 退火process anneal 进行退火quenching 淬火normalizing 正火Charpy impact text 夏比冲击试验fatigue 疲劳tensile testing 拉伸试验solution 固溶处理aging 时效处理Vickers hardness维氏硬度Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度Brinell hardness 布氏硬度hardness tester硬度计descale 除污，除氧化皮等ferrite 铁素体austenite 奥氏体martensite马氏体cementite 渗碳体iron carbide 渗碳体solid solution 固溶体sorbite 索氏体bainite 贝氏体pearlite 珠光体nodular fine pearlite/ troostite屈氏体black oxide coating 发黑grain 晶粒chromium 铬cadmium 镉tungsten 钨molybdenum 钼manganese 锰vanadium 钒molybdenum 钼silicon 硅sulfer/sulphur 硫phosphor/ phosphorus 磷nitrided 氮化的case hardening 表面硬化，表面淬硬air cooling 空冷furnace cooling 炉冷oil cooling 油冷electrocladding /plating 电镀brittleness 脆性strength 强度rigidity 刚性,刚度creep 蠕变deflection 挠度elongation 延伸率yield strength 屈服强度elastoplasticity 弹塑性metallographic structure 金相组织metallographic test 金相试验carbon content 含碳量induction hardening 感应淬火impedance matching 感应淬火hardening and tempering 调质crack 裂纹shrinkage 缩孔，疏松forging 锻（件）casting 铸（件）rolling 轧（件）drawing 拉（件）shot blasting 喷丸（处理）grit blasting 喷钢砂（处理）sand blasting 喷砂（处理）carburizing 渗碳nitriding 渗氮ageing/aging 时效grain size 晶粒度pore 气孔sonim 夹砂cinder inclusion 夹渣lattice晶格abrasion/abrasive/rub/wear/wearing resistance (property) 耐磨性spectrum analysis光谱分析heat/thermal treatment 热处理inclusion 夹杂物segregation 偏析picking 酸洗，酸浸residual stress 残余应力remaining stress 残余应力relaxation of residual stress 消除残余应力stress relief 应力释放THANKS !!!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考。
热处理简介
先做人 后做事 品质改变世界
11
钢的正火
正火是指将亚共折钢加热到Ac3+(30—50℃)，共析钢加热到Ac1+(30—50℃) ，过共析钢加热到Accm+(30—50℃)保温后空冷的热处理工艺。
调整硬度，便于切削加工 消除残余内应，防止开裂
细化晶粒 消除网状
正火工艺比较简便，有利于采用锻造余热正火，可节省能源和 缩短生产周期。
热处理简介
上海三一精机有限公司 2011.6
先做人 后做事 品质改变世界
1
前言 一、概述
二、钢在加热过程中转变
目
三、钢在冷却过程中转变
录
四、钢的退火与正火
五、钢的淬火与回火
六、钢的表面热处理 七、钢的热处理实例
先做人 后做事 品质改变世界
目录
2
前言
前言
热处理是指将钢在固态下加热、保温和冷却，以改变钢的组织结构， 从而获得所需要性能的一种工艺。热处理是一种重要的加工工艺，在 机械制造业已被广泛应用。
466.0
38.50
224.0
169.5
合格
940℃
375.0
463.0
39.15
201.0
165.5
合格
注：1）船级社标准：ReH≥315,440≤Rm≤570，A≥22%，-40 ℃纵向冲击值31J。
先做人 后做事 品质改变世界
16
原始组织
正火1小时
偏析带； 条带打散； 组织改善
正火8小时
先做人 后做事 品质改变世界
时效处理可分为自然时效和人工时效两种自然时效是将铸件置于露天场地半年以上， 便其缓缓地发生形，从而使残余应力消除或减少。
CQI-9热处理评审资料翻译
评审
问题编号
问题
要求/方针
目标证据
N/A
满意
不满意
需要及时的纠正措施
2.8
是否对操作工培训了如下内容：比如遇到设备的突发事件包括停电时等的材料处理遏制措施和产品隔离等情况的处理方法操作工是否知道？
计划之外或者突发的停工状态极大的增加了处理不当的风险。操作工应该接受发生突然停工（比如停电等）情况时怎样处理材料、采取遏制措施以及正确的产品隔离等的培训。作业指导书中应该明确说明设备突然停工的潜在类型，并能够让设备操作工明白易懂，该作业指导书中同时需说明热处理过程中相关所有因素的遏制措施，比如热处理过程中的载荷，奥氏体化，淬火回火过程等的遏制措施。
1.5
是否能够提供目前热处理相关的参考规范？比如：SAE，AIAG，,ASTM，通用，福特和克莱斯勒等用的规范。
为了确保所有客户的要求都能被理解，公司应该有相关的热处理和客户参考标准，并且在使用时要确保是最新版本。这些标准和规范包括但不限于SAE，AIAG，ASTM，通用，福特，克莱斯勒等发布的相关文件。公司应该有一个过程来确保所有相关客户的工程标准规范得到有效的执行，并且得到及时的评审和分配。该过程应该尽量在两周之内执行。公司应该对该过程的评审和执行情况文件化，并且应说明客户和工业文件是怎样获得的。公司应该在内部保持该文件，目前的状况是怎样建立起来的，在两周的时间内这些相关信息/文件是怎样在车间运行的。公司应该落实责任人（也就实指明谁来负责这些工作）。
1.19
热处理负责人是否发展了关键备件列表，而该备件是否能最低限度的减少生产中的中断时间。
热处理负责人应该发展和保持关键的备用件列表，有了这些备用件后是为了确保最低限度的减少生产中的中断情况。
金属材料及热处理工艺常用基础英语词汇翻译对照
金属材料及热处理工艺常用基础英语词汇翻译对照1X线结晶分析法X –ray crystal analyics method奥氏体Austenite奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel奥氏铁孻回火Austempering半静钢Semi-killed steel包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy包晶温度Peritectic Temperature薄卷片及薄片（0.3至2.9mm厚之片）机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel（Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm）–strip/sheet杯突测试（厚度：0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘3个试片平均数）Erichsen test （Thickness：0.4mm to 1.6mm，figure round up to 0.1mm）贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism，Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism比热Specific Heat比重Specific gravity & specific density边缘处理Edge Finish扁线、半圆线及异形线Flat Wire，Half Round Wire，Shaped WirePrecision Shaped Fine Wire扁线公差Flat Wire Tolerance变态点Transformation Point表面保护胶纸Surface protection film表面处理Surface finish表面处理Surface Treatment不破坏检验Non –destructive inspections不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel –Type，Industrial Standard，Chemical Composition，Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat Wire & Half Round Wire不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil，Strip，Sheet & Plate by Thickness不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表StainlessHeat-Resisting Steels不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢基层金属Stainless Steel as Base Metal不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip，Sheet & Plate不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless不锈钢片机械性能（301，304，631，CSP）Mechanical Properties of Spring use StainlessSteel不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification，Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel材料的加工性能Drawing abillity插入型固熔体Interstital solid solution常用尺寸Commonly Used Size常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份StainlessSpring Wire –National Standard number，Charateristic，Surface finish & Chemical composition 常用的镀锌钢片（电解片）的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度Base metal，application，JIS & ASTM standard，Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet 长度公差Length Tolerance超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection冲击测试Impact Test冲剪Drawing & stamping初释纯铁体Pro-entectoid ferrite处理及表面状况Finish & Surface纯铁体Ferrite磁场Magnetic Field磁畴Magnetic domain磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection磁化率Magnetic Susceptibility （Xm）磁矩magnetic moment磁力Magnetic磁力Magnetic Force磁偶极子Dipole磁性Magnetisum磁性变态Magnetic Transformation磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation磁性感应Magnetic Induction粗珠光体Coarse pearlite淬火Quenching淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip淬火剂Quenching Media单相金属Single Phase Metal单相轧压镀锡薄铁片（白铁皮/马口铁）Single-Reduced Tinplate弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel，Wire diameterTensile strength of Spring Wire弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理Edge Finished弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit，Yeung''s module of elasticity to yield point倒后擦发条Pull Back Power Spring导热度Heat conductivity低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness低温退火Low Temperature Annealing第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep第壹潜变期Primary Creep点焊Spot welding电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip电镀锌（电解）钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet电炉Electric furnace电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片Coated （Low Carbon）Steel Sheets for Casing，Electricals & Home Appliances电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet电器用硅[硅] 钢片Electrical Steel Sheet电阻焊Resistance Welding定型发条Constant Torque Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程ShapeSpring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力Spring Force of Constant Torque SpringWing-up Spring 定型发条驱动力公式及代号The FormulaSymbol of Constant Torque Spring镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated镀铝（硅）钢片–美材试标准（ASTM A-463-77）35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated SheetsCoils 镀铝（硅）钢片–日工标准（JIS G3314）Hot-aluminum-coated sheetscoils to JIS G 3314 镀铝（硅）钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝（硅）钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet，Production Flow Chart镀铝硅钢片Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet镀镍Nickel Plated镀锡薄钢片（白铁皮/马日铁）制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄铁片（白铁皮/马口铁）（日工标准JIS G3303）镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate锻造Fogging断面缩率Reduction of area发条的分类及材料Power Spring Strip ClassificationMaterials发条片Power Spring Strip反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism方线公差Square Wire Tolerance防止生锈Rust Protection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical，Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical沸腾钢（未净钢）Rimmed steel分类Classification负磁力效应Negative effect钢板Steel Plate钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS，ASTMOther Major Industrial Standards钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting，Fogging，Extrusion，Rolling & Steel 钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel钢的种类Type of Steel钢铁的名称Name of steel钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢铁用“碳”之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard高碳钢化学成份及用途High Carbon Tool Steel，Chemical CompositionUsage高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Strip高碳钢片用途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip高碳钢线枝High Carbon Steel Wire Rod （to JIS G3506）高温回火High Temperature Tempering格子常数Lattice constant铬钢–日工标准JIS G4104 Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会ASTM A313 –1987 Chromium –Nickel StainlessHeat-resisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel铬钼钢钢材–日工标准G4105 62 Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard –Ferrous & Non –ferrous Metal公差Size Tolerance共晶Eutectic共释变态Eutectoid Transformation固熔体Solid solution光辉退火Bright Annealing光线（低碳钢线），火线（退火低碳钢线），铅水线（镀锌低碳钢线）及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire，Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire，Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification，Symbol of Grade，ToleranceRemarks.硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel滚焊Seam welding过共晶体Hyper-ectectic Alloy过共释钢Hype-eutectoid含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel焊接Welding焊接合金SolderingBrazing Alloy焊接能力Weldability 镀铝钢片的焊接状态（比较冷辘钢片）Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on Thickness & Width滑动面Slip Plan化学成份Chemical Composition化学结合Chemical bond化学性能Chemical Properties化学元素Chemical element黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal回复柔软Crystal Recovery回火脆性Temper brittleness回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering回火状态Annealed Strip基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip机械性能Mechanical Properites机械性能Mechanical properties畸变Distortion级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade，Plating type，Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径Classes，symbols，twisting characteristicapplied Wire Diameters级别，代号及化学成份Classification，Symbol of GradeChemical Composition挤压Extrusion加工方法Manufacturing Method加工性能Machinability简介General交换能量Positive energy exchange矫顽磁力Coercive Force金属变态Transformation金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal金属的特性Features of Metal金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属间化物Intermetallic compound金属结晶格子Metal space lattice金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip金属塑性Plastic Deformation金属特性Special metallic features金属与合金MetalAlloy金相及相律Metal PhasePhase Rule晶粒取向（Grain-Oriented）及非晶粒取向（Non-Oriented）晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数（日工标准及美材标准）Magnetic PropertiesLamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip （JISAISI Standard）晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢；片–高硼低硫（LS）定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能MagneticElectrical Properties of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼（HI-B）定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical PropertiesLamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-BSI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets 晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼低硫（LS）定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical PropertiesLamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅（硅）钢片–高硼（HI-B）定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫（LS）定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard FormsSize of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B，SI-CORE，& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain-晶粒取向电器用硅（硅）钢片-高硼（HI-B）定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫（LS）定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B，SI-ORIENT-CORE，& SI-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain晶粒取向电器用硅钢片Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard –Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure，Space lattice & Unit cell净磁矩Net magnetic moment绝缘表面Surface Insulation均热炉Soaking pit抗磁体Diamagnetism抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance抗敏感及环境保护Allergic，re-cycling & environmental protection抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy扩散退火Diffusion Annealing拉尺发条Measure Tape拉伸测试（顺纹测试）Elongation test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging （to JIS G3507）冷拉钢板重量表Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table冷拉钢枝材Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar冷拉高碳钢线Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准Cold-Rolled （Special Steel）Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311 冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip冷辘（低碳）钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages，industrial standard，quality，conditionhardness of cold rolled steel strip冷辘低碳钢片（双单光片）（日工标准JIS G3141）73 - 95 Cold Rolled （Low carbon）Steel Strip （to JIS G 3141）冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢片（拉力：30-32公斤/平方米）在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared （free from paint，oxides etc）Cold rolled mild steel sheets（T/S：30-32 Kgf/ μm2）冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet冷辘钢片的“理论重量”计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet理论质量Theoretical Mass连续铸造法Continuous casting process两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层Permissible depth of flawdecarburized layer临界温度Critical temperture马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel马氏铁体淬火Marquenching埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding每公斤发条的长度简易公式The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel Strip美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard –American Society for testingmaterials （ASTM）美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份（先数字后字母排列）AISI –Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel（in order of number & alphabet）金属材料及热处理工艺常用基础英语词汇翻译对照2米勒指数Mill''s Index魔术手环Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图Drawing of Magic Tap耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat –resistance steel platessheets stainless steel 镍铬–日工标准G4102 63 Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬钼钢–日工标准G4103 64 Nickel，Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103疲劳测试Fatigue Test片及板材Chapter Four-Strip，Steel & Plate平坦度（阔度大于500公厘，标准回火）Flatness （width>500mm，temper：standard）破坏的检验Destructive Inspection其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material其它日工标准冷轧钢片（用途及编号）JIS standard & application of other cold RolledSpecial Steel气焊Gas Welding潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength强度Strength琴线（日本标准G3522）Piano Wires （to G3522）球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing曲面（假曲率）Camber屈服强度（降伏强度）（Yield strangth）全静钢Killed steel热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份（先数字后字母排列）JIS –Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel （in order of number & alphabet）日工标准（JIS G3141）冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet toJIS G3141日工标准（JIS G3141）冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141 日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片（双单光片）的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled（Lowcarbon）steel strip JIS G3141日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard熔铸Casting软磁Soft Magnetic软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material软焊Soldering Alloy软焊合金–日本标准JIS H 4341 Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341上链发条Wind-up Spring上漆能力Paint Adhesion伸长度Elongation渗碳体Cementitle渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection生产流程Production Flow Chart生锈速度表Speed of rusting时间淬火Time Quenching时间效应（老化）及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Strains释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel双相辗压镀锡薄钢片（马口铁/白铁皮）Dual-Reduction Tinplate顺磁体Paramagnetic碳钢回火Tempering碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination特点Characteristic特殊钢Special Steel特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation铁磁体Ferromagnetism铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel铁线（低碳钢线）日工标准JIS G 3532 Low Carbon Steel Wires （Iron Wire ）to JIS G3532铁相Steel Phases同素变态Allotropic Transformation铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal透磁度Magnetic Permeability退火Annealing退火时注意事项Annealing Precautionary外价电子Outer valence electrons弯度Camber完全退火Full Annealing物理性能Physical Properties物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating （JIS G3303-1987）锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表Comparison of Tin base，Lead baseZinc base alloy forBearing purpose细线材、枝材、棒材Chapter Five Wire，Rod & Bar显微观察法Microscopic inspection线材/枝材材质分类及制成品ClassificationEnd Products of Wire/Rod线径、公差及机械性能（日本工业标准G 3521）Mechanical Properties （JIS G 3521）相反旋转Opposite span相律Phase Rule锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight of Zinc-Coating，Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate TestDiameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass锌镀层质量（两个不同锌镀层厚度）Mass Calculation of coating （For differential coating）/MM锌镀层质量（两个相同锌镀层厚度）Mass Calculation of coating （For equal coating）/MM亚共晶体Hypoeutetic Alloy亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid延轧Rolling颜色Colour易车（快削）不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车（快削）不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires易车（快削）不锈钢种类Type of steel易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较Hardness of Different Types & Size of FreeCutting Steel易车碳钢Free Cutting Carbon Steels （to JIS G4804 ）易溶合金Fusible Alloy应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature应用材料Material Used硬磁Hard Magnetic硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material硬度Hardness硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test硬焊Brazing Alloy硬化Work Hardening硬化性能Hardenability用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to CarbonContains用途End Usages用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure幼珠光体Fine pearlite元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size，mass，charge of an atom，is particles（Pronton，NentronElectron）原子的组织图Atom Constitutes原子及固体物质Atomsolid material原子键结Atom Bonding圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差Tolerance on ShapeDimensions for Round Steel Bar，Square Steel Bar，Hexagonal Steel Bar圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality圆面（“卜竹”）发条Convex Spring Strip再结晶Recrystallization正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility枝/棒无芯磨公差表（μ）（μ= 1/100 mm）Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance 枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份AISI，JIS End UsageChemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar直径，公差及拉力强度Diameter，ToleranceTensile Strength 直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter Tolerance，OvalityAverageDecarburized Layer Depth置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution滞后回线Narrow Hystersis中途退火Process Annealing中珠光体Medium pearlite周期表Periodic Table轴承合金Bearing Alloy轴承合金–日工标准JIS H 5401 Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401珠光体Pearlite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements转变元素Transition element自发上磁Spontaneous magnetization自由度Degree of freedom最大能量积Maximum Energy Product（to JIS G3521，ISO-84580-1&2）化学成份分析表Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod 305，316，321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305，316，321347A1S1-302 贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1-302 Wire Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented 电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格EndUsageDesignations of Electrical Steel StripOriented Electrical Steel SheetsSK-5 & AISI-301 每公尺长的重量/公斤（阔2.0-10公厘）Weight per one meter long （kg）（Width 2.0-10mm）SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤长的重量/公斤（阔100-200公厘）Weight per one meter long（kg）（Width 100-200mm）SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度（阔100-200公厘）Length per one kg （Width100-200mm）SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度（阔2.0-10公厘）Length per one kg （Width 2.0-10mm。
钢铁热处理中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:Heat Treatment of SteelTypes of Heat Treating Operations Five Operations are detailed in this lesson as the basis of heat treatment. Explanations of these operations follow.Full annealing Full annealing is the process of softening steel by a heating and cooling cycle, so that it may be bent or cut easily. In annealing, steel is heated above a transformation temperature and cooled very slowly after it has reached a suitable temperature. The distinguishing characteristics of full annealing are: (a) temperature abovethe critical temperature and (b) very slow cooling, usually in the furnace.Normalizing Normalizing is identical with annealing, except that the steel is air cooled; this is much faster than cooling in a furnace. Steel is normalized to refine grain size, make its structure more uniform, or to improve machinability.Hardening Hardening is carried out y quenching a steel, that is, cooling it rapidly from a temperature above the transformation temperature. Steel is quenched in water or brine for the most rapid cooling, in oil for some alloy steels, and in air for certain higher alloy steels. After steel is quenched, it is usually very hard and brittle; it may even crack if dropped. To make the steel more ductile, it must be tempered.Tempering Tempering consistes of reheating a quenched steel to a suitable temperature below the transformation temperature for an appropriate time and cooling back to room temperature. How this process makes steel tough will be discussed later.Stress relieving Stress relieving is the heating of steel to a temperature below the transformation temperature, as in tempering, but is done primarily to relieve internal stress and thus prevent distortion or cracking during machining.This is sometimes called process annealing.Reasons for Heat Treating Heat treatment of steel is usually intended to accomplish any one of the following objectives:●Remove stresses induced by cold working or toremove stresses set up by nonuniform cooling of hot metalobjects;●Refine the grain structure of hot worked steelswhich may have developed coarse grain size;●Secure the proper grain structure;●Decrease the hardness and increase the ductility;●Increase the hardness so as to increase resistanceto wear or to enable the steel to withstand more serviceconditions;●Increase the toughness; that is, to produce a steelhaving both a high tensile strength and good ductility,enabling it to withstand high impact;●Improve the machinability;●Improve the electrical properties;●Change or modify the magnetic properties of steel.Heat Treatment The hardest condition for any givens steel is obtained by quenching to a fully martensitic structure.Since hardness is directly related to strength, a steel composed of 100% martensite is at its strongest possible condition. However, strength is not the only property that must be considered in the application of steel parts. Ductility may be equally important.Tempering Ductility is the ability of a metal to change shape before it breaks. Fleshly quenched martensite is hard but not ductile; in fact, it is very brittle. Tempering is needed to impart ductility to the martensite, usually at a smell sacrifice in strength. In addition, tempering greatly increases the resistance of martensite to shock loading.The effect of tempering may be illustrated as follows. If the head of a hammer were quenched to a fully martensitic structure, it probably would crack after the first few blows. Tempering during manufacture of the hammer imparts shock resistance with only a slight decrease in hardness. Tempering is accomplished by heating a quenched pert to some point below the transformation temperature, and holding it at this temperature for an hour or more, depending on its size. Most steels are tempered between 205 and 5,950C. As higher temperatures are employed, toughness or shock resistance of the steel is increased, but the hardness and strength decrease.Annealing the two-stage heat treating process of quenching and tempering is designed to produce high strength steel capable of resisting shock and deformation without breaking. On the other hand, the annealing process is intend to make steel easier to deform of machine. In manufacturing steel products, machining and severe bending operations are often employed. Even tempered steel may not cut or bend very easily and annealing is often necessary.Process annealing Process annealing consists of heating steel to a temperature just below the lowest transformation temperature for a short time. This makes the steel easier to form. This heat treatment is commonly applied in the sheet and wire industries, and the temperatures generally used are from 550 to 650o C.Full annealing Process annealing, where steel is heated 50 to 100 o C above the third transformation temperature for hypoeutectoid steels, and above the lowest transformation temperature for hypereutectoid steels, and slow cooled, makes the steel much easier to cut, as well as bend. In full annealing, cooling must take place very slowly so that a coarse pearlite is formed. Show cooling is not essential for process annealing, since any cooling rate from temperatures below the lowesttransformation temperature will result in the same microstructure and hardness.During cold deformation, steel has a tendency to harden in deformed areas, making it more difficult to bend and liable to breakage. Alternate deforming and annealing operations are performed on most manufactured steel products.Normalizing The process of normalizing consists of heating to a temperature above the third transformation temperature and allowing the pert to cool in still air. The actual temperature required for this depends on the composition of the steel, but is usually around 870o C. Actually, the term normalize does not describe the purpose. The process might be more accurately described as a homogenizing or grain-refining treatment. Within any piece of steel, the composition is usually not uniform throughout. That is, one area may have more carbon than the area adjacent to it. These compositional differences affect the way in which the steel will respond t heat treatment. If it is heated to a high temperature, the carbon can readily diffuse throughout, and the result is a reasonably uniform composition from one area to next. The steel is then more homogeneous and will respond to the heat treatment in a more uniform way.Because of characteristics inherent in cast steel, the normalizing treatment is more frequently applied to ingots prior to working, and to steel castings and forgings prior to hardening.Stress Relieving When a metal is heated, expansion occurs which is more or less proportional to the temperature rise. Upon cooling metal, the reverse reaction takes place. That is, a contraction is observed. When a steel bar or plate is heated at one point more than at another, as in welding or during forging, internal stress are set up. During heating, expansion of the heated area cannot take place unhindered, and it tends to deform. On cooling, contraction is prevented from taking place by the unyielding cold metal surrounding the heated area. The forces attempting to contract the metal are not relieved, and when the metal is cold again, the forces remain as internal stresses. Stresses also result from volume changes, which accompany metal transformations and precipitation. Internal or residual stresses are bad because they may cause warping of steel parts when they are machined. To relieve these stresses, steel is heated to around 595o C, assuming that the entire pert is heated uniformly, then cooled slowly back to room temperature. This procedure is calledstress relief annealing, or merely stress relieving.译文：钢的热处理各种类型的热处理本单元详细介绍了五种热处理的基本方法。
新型辊底式轴承套圈热处理生产线
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热处理生产线简介（翻译）
热处理⽣产线简介（翻译）热处理⽣产线简介Brief Introduction of Heat Treatment Production Line⼀、概述Summary我公司投资6000万元建设的油井管热处理⽣产线，设计⽣产能⼒10万吨/年，可以对各种规格、各种钢级的油井管实现淬⽕＋回⽕、正⽕、正⽕+回⽕等多种热处理⼯艺。
We invested 60 million RMB for this tubing and casing treatment production line. Our annual production ability is 100 thousand tons and we have many kinds of heat treatment technics for all kinds and specifications of tubing and casing, such as Quenching + Tempering, normalizing, normalizing+Tempering and so on.钢级：J55、Q55、N80-1类、N80Q、P110以及抗腐蚀材料L80和C95等。
Grade: J55, Q55, N80-1, N80Q, P110 and anti- cauterization material L80 , C95 and so on.直径：Ф114.3-273mmDiameter: Ф114.3-273mm外加厚油管两端的外径按APISPEC5CT标准O.D of EUE tubing according to API SPEC 5CT Standard长度：8-13MLength: 8-13M壁厚：5.21-20.24mmWall Thickness: 5.21-20.24mm壁厚公差：+15%～-12.5%Wall Thickness Tolerance: +15%～-12.5%钢管外径公差：±1%O.D Tolerance: ±1%单根最⼤重量：1200KGMax Weight of Single Pipe: 1200 KG⼆、设备情况Equipment Condition热处理⽣产线配有步进式热处理炉、淬⽕机、矫直机和⾃旋式步进冷床，全线⾃动化控制⽔平⾼，热处理质量稳定可靠。
网带炉热处理生产线产品质量控制
2019年 第3期 热加工10网带炉热处理生产线产品质量控制■ 孙钦贺摘要：根据网带炉热处理生产线具有自动化程度高、产品质量稳定等特点，在生产过程中可能会出现混料、漏工序、仪表指示温度、碳势等指标与实际不符，甚至相差较大等问题。
有针对性地采取相应的措施，如设置残留点，利用对残留点的控制，防止混料、漏工序的发生，定期测试炉温、碳势以及淬火介质冷却曲线等，制定紧急情况处理程序，及时发现处理生产过程中出现的问题，确保网带炉热处理生产线产品质量稳定可靠。
关键词：网带炉；热处理生产线；质量控制；处理程序网带炉热处理生产线主要由加热炉（包括淬火炉、回火炉）、冷却系统（淬火油槽、冷却风机）、清洗机（包括热清洗机、冷清洗机）、传动系统、气氛系统和控制系统等组成，其具有良好的维修性，可以方便地更换损坏的零件和机构；同时，加热元件、网带、热电偶、氧探头、风扇等也容易更换。
为适应生产线连续生产的特点，同时采用计算机控制系统及管理系统的网带炉热处理生产线，一般都具有设备故障自诊断功能。
正因为网带炉生产线具有上述优点，被据，排除人为因素，后期分析识别异常波动、无效操作，优化、改进操作过程，告别粗放管理，注重过程细节，持续改进。
铸造行业云平台组成示例四、结语中频感应电炉在熔炼铸铁过程中发挥着巨大作用，随着智能制造的到来，铸造行业既有危机，也有机遇。
铸造企业应迎难而上，根据自身状况，开展相应的智能化铸造系统规划并实施。
铸造云平台作为公众资源，为整个智能铸造系统运行提供了坚实的基础。
专家团队通过强大的网络，可以实现跨地域技术管理与监督，实现智力的共享。
智能制造创新的引入，给铸造行业带来了机会，为铸造企业的发展注入了强劲动力。
参考文献：[1] 章舟，童军. 铸造感应电炉使20190126用指导[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2014.[2] 郝石坚，宋绪丁.球墨铸铁[M ].北京：化学工业出版社，2015[3] 乌尔里希·森德勒.工业4.0:即将来袭的第四次工业革命[M].邓敏，译北京：机械工业出版社，2014.作者简介：杨涛、郭毅、孙永功、李向辉，中国重汽集团济南铸锻中心。
金属的热处理外文翻译
外文资料翻译Heat Treatment of MetalThe generally accepted definition for heat treating metals and metal alloys is “heating and cooling a solid metal or alloy in a way so as to obtain specific conditions and I or properties.”Heating for the sole purpose of hot working(as in forging operations) is excludedfrom this definition．Likewise，the types of heat treatment that are sometimes used for productssuch as glass or plastics are also excluded from coverage by this definition．Transformation Curves.The basis for heat treatment is thetime-temperature-transformation curves or TTT curveswhere，in a single diagram all the three parameters are plotted．Because of the shape of thecurves，they are also sometimes called C-curves or S-curves．Material forming processesIn this section，a short description of the process examples will begiven. But assembly andjoining processes are not described here.ForgingForging can be characterized as: mass conserving, solid state of work material (metal), andmechanical primary basic process-plastic deformation. A wide variety of forging processes areused, and Fig.9.1(a) shows the most common of these: drop forging. The metal is heated to asuitable working temperature and placed in the lower die cavity. The upper die is then lowered sothat the metal is forced to fill the cavity.[1]Excess material is squeezed out between the die facesat the periphery as flash, which is removed in a later trimming process. When the term forging isused, it usually means hot forging. Cold forging has several specialized names. The material lossin forging processes is usually quite small.Normally, forged components require some subsequent machining, since the tolerances andsurfaces obtainable are not usually satisfactory for a finished product. Forging machines includedrop hammers and forging presses with mechanical or hydraulic drives. These machines involvesimple translatory motions.金属的热处理普遍认同对金属及合金热处理的定义是，以一定的方式加热或冷却固态金属或合金，以达到一定的条件和/或获得某些性能。
热处理外文翻译
附录一外文翻译原文：Heat TreatmentThe understanding of heat treatment is embraced by the broader study of metallurgy. Metallurgy is the physics, chemistry, and engineering related to metals from ore extraction to the final product.Heat treatment is the operation of heating and cooling a metal in its solid state to change its physical properties. According to the procedure used, steel can be hardened to resist cutting action and abrasion, or it can be softened to permit machining.With the proper heat treatment internal stresses may be removed, grain size reduced, toughness increased, or a hard surface produced on a ductile interior. The analysis of the steel must be known because small percentages of certain elements, notably carbon, greatly affect the physical properties.Alloy steel owe their properties to the presence of one or more elements other than carbon, namely nickel, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, vanadium, and copper. Because of their improved physical properties they are used commercially in many ways not possible with carbon steels.The following discussion applies principally to the heat treatment of ordinary commercial steels known as plain carbon steels. With this process the rate of cooling is the controlling factor, rapid cooling from above the critical range results in hard structure, whereas very slow cooling produces the opposite effect.If we focus only on the materials normally known as steels, a simplified diagram is often used.Those portions of the iron-carbon diagram near the delta region and those above 2% carboncontent are of little importance to the engineer and are deleted. A simplified diagram, such as the one in Fig.2.1, focuses on the eutectoid region and is quite useful in understanding the properties and processing of steel.The key transition described in this diagram is the decomposition of single-phase austenite(γ) to the two-phase ferrite plus carbide structure as temperature drops.Control of this reaction, which arises due to the drastically different carbon solubility of austenite and ferrite, enables a wide range of properties to be achieved through heat treatment.To begin to understand these processes, consider a steel of the eutectoid composition, 0.77% carbon, being slow cooled along line x-x’ in Fig.2.1. At the upper temperatures, only austenite is present, the 0.77% carbon being dissolved in solid solution with the iron. When the steel cools to 727℃(1341℉), several changes occur simultaneously.The iron wants to change from the FCC austenite structure to the BCC ferrite structure, but the ferrite can only contain 0.02% carbon in solid solution.The rejected carbon forms the carbon-rich cementite intermetallic with composition Fe3C. In essence, th e net reaction at the eutectoid is austenite 0.77%C→ferrite 0.02%C+cementite 6.67%C.Since this chemical separation of the carbon component occurs entirely in the solid state, the resulting structure is a fine mechanical mixture of ferrite and cementite. Specimens prepared by polishing and etching in a weak solution of nitric acid and alcohol reveal the lamellar structure of alternating plates that forms on slow cooling.This structure is composed of two distinct phases, but has its own set of characteristic properties and goes by the name pearlite, because of its resemblance to mother- of- pearl at low magnification.Steels having less than the eutectoid amount of carbon (less than 0.77%) are known as hypo-eutectoid steels. Consider now the transformation of such a material represented by cooling along line y-y’ in Fig.2.1.At high temperatures, the material is entirely austenite, but upon cooling enters a region where the stable phases are ferrite and austenite. Tie-line and level-law calculations show that low-carbon ferrite nucleates and grows, leaving the remaining austenite richer in carbon.At 727℃(1341℉), the austenite is of eutectoid composition (0.77% carbon) and furthercooling transforms the remaining austenite to pearlite. The resulting structure is a mixture of primary or pro-eutectoid ferrite (ferrite that formed above the eutectoid reaction) and regions of pearlite.Hypereutectoid steels are steels that contain greater than the eutectoid amount of carbon. When such steel cools, as shown in z-z’ of Fig.2.1 the process is similar to the hypo-eutectoid case, except that the primary or pro-eutectoid phase is now cementite instead of ferrite.As the carbon-rich phase forms, the remaining austenite decreases in carbon content, reaching the eutectoid composition at 727℃(1341℉). As before, any remaining austenite transforms to pearlite upon slow cooling through this temperature.It should be remembered that the transitions that have been described by the phase diagrams are for equilibrium conditions, which can be approximated by slow cooling. With slow heating, these transitions occur in the reverse manner.However, when alloys are cooled rapidly, entirely different results may be obtained, because sufficient time is not provided for the normal phase reactions to occur, in such cases, the phase diagram is no longer a useful tool for engineering analysis.HardeningHardening is the process of heating a piece of steel to a temperature within or above its critical range and then cooling it rapidly.If the carbon content of the steel is known, the proper temperature to which the steel should be heated may be obtained by reference to the iron-iron carbide phase diagram. However, if the composition of the steel is unknown, a little preliminary experimentation may be necessary to determine the range.A good procedure to follow is to heat-quench a number of small specimens of the steel at various temperatures and observe the result, either by hardness testing or by microscopic examination. When the correct temperature is obtained, there will be a marked change in hardness and other properties.In any heat-treating operation the rate of heating is important. Heat flows from the exterior to the interior of steel at a definite rate. If the steel is heated too fast, the outside becomes hotter than the interior and uniform structure cannot be obtained.If a piece is irregular in shape, a slow rate is all the more essential to eliminate warping and cracking. The heavier the section, the longer must be the heating time to achieve uniform results.Even after the correct temperature has been reached, the piece should be held at that temperature for a sufficient period of time to permit its thickest section to attain a uniform temperature.The hardness obtained from a given treatment depends on the quenching rate, the carbon content, and the work size. In alloy steels the kind and amount of alloying element influences only the hardenability (the ability of the workpiece to be hardened to depths) of the steel and does not affect the hardness except in unhardened or partially hardened steels.Steel with low carbon content will not respond appreciably to hardening treatment. As the carbon content in steel increases up to around 0.60%, the possible hardness obtainable also increases.Above this point the hardness can be increased only slightly, because steels above the eutectoid point are made up entirely of pearlite and cementite in the annealed state. Pearlite responds best to heat-treating operations; and steel composed mostly of pearlite can be transformed into a hard steel.As the size of parts to be hardened increases, the surface hardness decreases somewhat even though all other conditions have remained the same. There is a limit to the rate of heat flow through steel.No matter how cool the quenching medium may be, if the heat inside a large piece cannot escape faster than a certain critical rate, there is a definite limit to the inside hardness. However, brine or water quenching is capable of rapidly bringing the surface of the quenched part to its own temperature and maintaining it at or close to this temperature.Under these circumstances there would always be some finite depth of surface hardening regardless of size. This is not true in oil quenching, when the surface temperature may be high during the critical stages of quenching.TemperingSteel that has been hardened by rapid quenching is brittle and not suitable for most uses. By tempering or drawing, the hardness and brittleness may be reduced to the desired point for serviceconditions．As these properties are reduced there is also a decrease in tensile strength and an increase in the ductility and toughness of the steel. The operation consists of reheating quench-hardened steel to some temperature below the critical range followed by any rate of cooling.Tempering is possible because of the instability of the martensite, the principal constituent of hardened steel. Low-temperature draws, from 300℉to 400℉(150℃~205℃), do not cause much decrease in hardness and are used principally to relieve internal strains.Although this process softens steel, it differs considerably from annealing in that the process lends itself to close control of the physical properties and in most cases does not soften the steel to the extent that annealing would. The final structure obtained from tempering a fully hardened steel is called tempered martensite.As the tempering temperatures are increased, the breakdown of the martensite takes place at a faster rate, and at about 600℉(315℃) the change to a structure called tempered martensite is very rapid. The tempering operation may be described as one of precipitation and agglomeration or coalescence of cementite.A substantial precipitation of cementite begins at 600℉(315℃), which produces a decrease in hardness. Increasing the temperature causes coalescence of the carbides with continued decrease in hardness.In the process of tempering, some consideration should be given to time as well as to temperature. Although most of the softening action occurs in the first few minutes after the temperature is reached, there is some additional reduction in hardness if the temperature is maintained for a prolonged time.Usual practice is to heat the steel to the desired temperature and hold it there only long enough to have it uniformly heated.Two special processes using interrupted quenching are a form of tempering. In both, the hardened steel is quenched in a salt bath held at a selected lower temperature before being allowed to cool. These processes, known as austempering and martempering, result in products having certain desirable physical properties.AnnealingThe primary purpose of annealing is to soften hard steel so that it may be machined or cold worked.This is usually accomplished by heating the steel too slightly above the critical temperature, holding it there until the temperature of the piece is uniform throughout, and then cooling at a slowly controlled rate so that the temperature of the surface and that of the center of the piece are approximately the same.This process is known as full annealing because it wipes out all trace of previous structure, refines the crystalline structure, and softens the metal. Annealing also relieves internal stresses previously set up in the metal.The temperature to which a given steel should be heated in annealing depends on its composition; for carbon steels it can be obtained readily from the partial iron-iron carbide equilibrium diagram. When the annealing temperature has been reached, the steel should be held there until it is uniform throughouThis usually takes about 45min for each inch(25mm) of thickness of the largest section. For maximum softness and ductility the cooling rate should be very slow, such as allowing the parts to cool down with the furnace. The higher the carbon content, the slower this rate must be.The heating rate should be consistent with the size and uniformity of sections, so that the entire part is brought up to temperature as uniformly as possible.Normalizing and SpheroidizingThe process of normalizing consists of heating the steel about 50℉to 100℉(10℃~40℃) above the upper critical range and cooling in still air to room temperature.This process is principally used with low- and medium-carbon steels as well as alloy steels to make the grain structure more uniform, to relieve internal stresses, or to achieve desired results in physical properties. Most commercial steels are normalized after being rolled or cast.Spheroidizing is the process of producing a structure in which the cementite is in a spheroidal distribution. If steel is heated slowly to a temperature just below the critical range and held there for a prolonged period of time, this structure will be obtained.The globular structure obtained gives improved machinability to the steel. This treatment is particularly useful for hypereutectoid steels that must be machined.CarburizingThe oldest known method of producing a hard surface on steel is case hardening or carburizing. Iron at temperatures close to and above its critical temperature has an affinity for carbon.The carbon is absorbed into the metal to form a solid solution with iron and converts the outer surface into high-carbon steel. The carbon is gradually diffused to the interior of the part. The depth of the case depends on the time and temperature of the treatment.Pack carburizing consists of placing the parts to be treated in a closed container with some carbonaceous material such as charcoal or coke. It is a long process and used to produce fairly thick cases of from 0.03 to 0.16 in.(0.76~4.06mm) in depth.Steel for carburizing is usually a low-carbon steel of about 0.15% carbon that would not in itself responds appreciably to heat treatment. In the course of the process the outer layer is converted into high-carbon steel with a content ranging from 0.9% to 1.2% carbon.A steel with varying carbon content and, consequently, different critical temperatures requires a special heat treatment.Because there is some grain growth in the steel during the prolonged carburizing treatment, the work should be heated to the critical temperature of the core and then cooled, thus refining the core structure. The steel should then be reheated to a point above the transformation range of the case and quenched to produce a hard, fine structure.The lower heat-treating temperature of the case results from the fact that hypereutectoid steels are normally austenitized for hardening just above the lower critical point. A third tempering treatment may be used to reduce strains.CarbonitridingCarbonitriding, sometimes known as dry cyaniding or nicarbing, is a case-hardening process in which the steel is held at a temperature above the critical range in a gaseous atmosphere from which it absorbs carbon and nitrogen.Any carbon-rich gas with ammonia can be used. The wear-resistant case produced ranges from 0.003 to 0.030 inch(0.08~ 0.76mm) in thickness. An advantage of carbonitriding is that the hardenability of the case is significantly increased when nitrogen is added, permitting the use oflow-cost steels.CyanidingCyaniding, or liquid carbonitriding as it is sometimes called, is also a process that combines the absorption of carbon and nitrogen to obtain surface hardness in low-carbon steels that do not respond to ordinary heat treatment.The part to be case hardened is immersed in a bath of fused sodium cyanide salts at a temperature slightly above the Ac1 range, the duration of soaking depending on the depth of the case. The part is then quenched in water or oil to obtain a hard surface.Case depths of 0.005 to 0.015in. (0.13~0.38mm) may be readily obtained by this process. Cyaniding is used principally for the treatment of small parts.NitridingNitriding is somewhat similar to ordinary case hardening, but it uses a different material and treatment to create the hard surface constituents.In this process the metal is heated to a temperature of around 950℉(510℃) and held there for a period of time in contact with ammonia gas. Nitrogen from the gas is introduced into the steel, forming very hard nitrides that are finely dispersed through the surface metal.Nitrogen has greater hardening ability with certain elements than with others, hence, special nitriding alloy steels have been developed.Aluminum in the range of 1% to 1.5% has proved to be especially suitable in steel, in that it combines with the gas to form a very stable and hard constituent. The temperature of heating ranges from 925℉to 1,050℉(495℃~565℃).Liquid nitriding utilizes molten cyanide salts and, as in gas nitriding, the temperature is held below the transformation range. Liquid nitriding adds more nitrogen and less carbon than either cyaniding or carburizing in cyanide baths.Case thickness of 0.001 to 0.012in.(0.03~0.30mm) is obtained, whereas for gas nitriding the case may be as thick as 0.025 in.(0.64mm). In general the uses of the two-nitriding processes are similar.Nitriding develops extreme hardness in the surface of steel. This hardness ranges from 900 to 1,100 Brinell, which is considerably higher than that obtained by ordinary case hardening.Nitriding steels, by virtue of their alloying content, are stronger than ordinary steels and respond readily to heat treatment. It is recommended that these steels be machined and heat-treated before nitriding, because there is no scale or further work necessary after this process.Fortunately, the interior structure and properties are not affected appreciably by the nitriding treatment and, because no quenching is necessary, there is little tendency to warp, develop cracks, or change condition in any way. The surface effectively resists corrosive action of water, saltwater spray, alkalies, crude oil, and natural gas.译文：热处理对热处理的理解包含于对冶金学较广泛的研究。
金属材料及热处理工艺常用基础英语词汇翻译对照
金属材料及热处理工艺常用基础英语词汇翻译对照X线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyic s method奥氏体 Austeni te奥氏体碳钢 Austeni te CarbonSteel奥氏铁孻回火A ustemp ering半静钢 Semi-killedsteel包晶反应 Peritec tic Reactio n包晶合金 Peritec tic Alloy包晶温度 Peritec tic Tempera ture薄卷片及薄片（0.3至2.9mm厚之片）机械性能 Mechani cal Propert ies of Thin Stainle ss Steel（Thickne ss from 0.3mm to 2.9mm）– strip/sheet 杯突测试（厚度： 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘 3个试片平均数）Erichse n test （Thickne ss： 0.4mm to 1.6mm， figureround up to 0.1mm）贝氏体钢片 Bainite Steel Strip比电阻 Specifi c resisti vity & specifi c resista nce比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Compari son of Diamagn etism， Paramagnetic& Ferroma gnetis m比热 Specifi c Heat比重 Specifi c gravity & specifi c density边缘处理 Edge Finish扁线、半圆线及异形线Flat Wire， Half Round Wire， ShapedWire and Precisi on ShapedFine Wire扁线公差 Flat Wire Toleran ce变态点 Transfo rmatio n Point表面保护胶纸S urface protect ion film表面处理 Surface finish表面处理 Surface Treatme nt不破坏检验 Non – destruc tive inspect ions不锈钢 Stainle ss Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途 Stainle ss Steel – Type， Industr ial Standar d， Chemica l Composi tion， Charact eristi c & end usage of the most commonl y used Stainle ss Steel不锈钢薄片用途例 End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料Commonl y used materia ls for Stainle ss Flat Wire & Half Round Wire不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类 Classif icatio n of Foil， Strip，Sheet & Plate by Thickne ss不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表 Stainle ss and Heat-Resisti ng Steels不锈钢的磁性M agneti c Propert y & Stainle ss Steel不锈钢的定义D efinit ion of Stainle ss Steel不锈钢基层金属Stainle ss Steel as Base Metal不锈钢片、板用途例 Example s of End Usagesof Strip， Sheet & Plate 不锈钢片材常用代号 Designa tion of SUS Steel Special Use Stainle ss不锈钢片机械性能（301， 304， 631， CSP） Mechani cal Propert ies of Springuse Stainle ss Steel不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解 General Specifi cation of Tensio n Anneale d Stainle ss Steel Strips不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性 Classif icatio n， Corrosi on Resistant & Heat Resista nce of Stainle ss Steel材料的加工性能Drawing abillit y插入型固熔体I nterst ital solid solutio n常用尺寸 Commonl y Used Size常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份 Stainle ssSpri ng Wire – Nationa l Standar d number， Charate ristic， Surface finish& Chemica l composi tion常用的镀锌钢片（电解片）的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度 Base metal， applica tion， JIS & ASTM standar d， and Normalthickn e s s of galvani zed steel sheet长度公差 LengthToleran ce超耐热钢 Special Heat Resista nce Steel超声波探伤法U ltraso nic inspect ion冲击测试 ImpactTest冲剪 Drawing & stampin g初释纯铁体 Pro-entecto id ferrite处理及表面状况Finish& Surface纯铁体 Ferrite磁场 Magneti c Field磁畴 Magneti c domain磁粉探伤法 Magneti c particl e inspect ion磁化率 Magneti c Suscept ibilit y （Xm）磁矩 magneti c moment磁力 Magneti c磁力 Magneti c Force磁偶极子 Dipole磁性 Magneti sum磁性变态 Magneti c Transfo rmatio n磁性变态点 Magneti c Transfo rmatio n磁性感应 Magneti c Inducti on粗珠光体 Coarsepearlit e淬火 Quenchi ng淬火及回火状态Hardene d & Tempere d Strip/ Precisi on – Quenche d Steel Strip淬火剂 Quenchi ng Media单相金属 SinglePhase Metal单相轧压镀锡薄铁片（白铁皮/马口铁） Single-Reduced Tinplat e弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainle ss SpringSteel， Wire diameter and Tensile strengt h of SpringWire弹簧用碳钢片C arbonS teel Strip For SpringUse弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理E dge Finishe d弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点 elastic limit， Yeung's moduleof elastic ity to yield point倒后擦发条 Pull Back Power Spring导热度 Heat conduct ivity低碳钢或铁基层金属 Iron & Low Carbonas Base Metal低碳马氏体不锈钢 Low CarbonMartens ite Stainle ss Steel低温脆性 Cold brittle ness低温退火 Low Tempera ture Anneali ng第二潜变期 Seconda ry Creep第三潜变期 Tertiar y Creep第壹潜变期 Primary Creep点焊 Spot welding电镀金属钢片P late Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点 Advanta ge of Using Plate Metal Strip电镀锌（电解）钢片 Electro-galvani zed Steel Sheet电镀锌钢片的焊接 Welding of Electro-galvani zed steel sheet电镀锌钢片或电解钢片 Electro-galvani zed Steel Sheet/Electro lyticZinc CoatedSteel Sheet电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力 Galvani c Actionimprovi ng Weathe r& Corrosi on Resista nce of the Base Steel Sheet电解冷轧钢片厚度公差 Thickne ss Toleran ce of Electro lyticCold-rolledsheet电炉 Electri c furnace电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片 Coated（Low Carbon） Steel Sheetsfor Casing，Electri cals & Home Applian ces电器用的硅 [硅] 钢片之分类 Classif icatio n of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electri cal Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层 Perform ance of Surface Insulat ion of Electrical Steel Sheets电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因 Anneali ng of the Electri cal Steel Sheet电器用硅 [硅] 钢片 Electri cal Steel Sheet电阻焊 Resista nce Welding定型发条 Constan t TorqueSpring定型发条的形状及翻动过程S hape and SpringBack of Constan t TorqueSpring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力SpringForce of Constan t TorqueSpringand Wing-up Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号T he Formula and Symbolof Constan t Torque S pring镀层质量标记M arking s & Designa tionsof Differe ntialCoating s镀铬 ChromePlated镀黄铜 Brass Plated镀铝（硅）钢片–美材试标准（ASTM A-463-77）35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能 Mechani cal Propert ies of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coatedSheetsand Coils镀铝（硅）钢片–日工标准（JIS G3314） Hot-aluminu m-coatedsheets a nd coils to JIS G 3314镀铝（硅）钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较 Compars ion of various resista nce of alumini zed steel & other kinds of steel镀铝（硅）钢片生产流程A luminu m Steel Sheet， Product ion Flow Chart 镀铝硅钢片 Alumini zed Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet镀铝硅合金钢片的特色 Feature of Alumini zed Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet 镀镍 NickelPlated镀锡薄钢片（白铁皮/马日铁）制造过程 Product ion Process of ElectrolyticTinplat e镀锡薄铁片（白铁皮/马口铁）（日工标准 JIS G3303）镀锡薄铁片的构造 Constru ctionof Electro lyticTinplat e锻造 Fogging断面缩率 Reducti on of area发条的分类及材料 Power SpringStrip Classif icatio n and Materia ls 发条片 Power SpringStrip反铁磁体 Antifer romagn etism方线公差 SquareWire Toleran ce防止生锈 Rust Protect ion放射线探伤法R adiogr aphicinspect ion非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数 Laminat ion Factors of Electri cal， Magneti c & Mechani cal Non-Grain Oriente d Electr i c al沸腾钢（未净钢） Rimmedsteel分类 Classif icatio n负磁力效应 Negativ e effect钢板 Steel Plate钢板订货需知O rderin g of Steel Plate钢板生产流程P roduct ion Flow Chart钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准 Type of steel Plate & Related JIS， ASTM and Other Major Industr ial Standar ds 钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧 The Casting， Fogging， Extrusi on，Rolling & Steel钢的脆性 Brittle ness of Steel钢的种类 Type of Steel钢铁的名称 Name of steel钢铁的制造 Manufac turing of Steel钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁生产流程S teel Product ion Flow Chart钢铁用“碳”之含量来分类C lassif icatio n of Steel accordi ng to Carboncontent s高锰钢铸–日工标准 High mangane se steel to JIS standar d高碳钢化学成份及用途 High CarbonTool Steel， Chemica l Composi tion and Usage高碳钢片 High CarbonSteel Strip高碳钢片用途E nd Usage of High CarbonSteel Strip高碳钢线枝 High CarbonSteel Wire Rod （to JIS G3506）高温回火 High Tempera ture Temperi ng格子常数 Lattice constan t铬钢–日工标准 JIS G4104 Chromesteel to JIS G4104铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会A STM A313 – 1987 Chromium – NickelStainle ss and Heat-resisti ng Steel SpringWire – ASTMA313 – 1987铬系耐热钢 ChromeHeat Resista nce Steel铬钼钢钢材–日工标准 G4105 62 ChromeMolybde num steel to JIS G4105 各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表 Tensile Strengt h of various kinds of Stainle ss Steel Wire under Differe nt Finish工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属I ndustr ial Standar d – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal公差 Size Toleran ce共晶 Eutecti c共释变态 Eutecto id Transfo rmatio n固熔体 Solid solutio n光辉退火 BrightAnneali ng光线（低碳钢线），火线（退火低碳钢线），铅水线（镀锌低碳钢线）及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注 Ordinar y Low CarbonSteel Wire， Anneal e d Low CarbonSteel Wire， Galvani zed low CarbonSteel Wire & Low Carbon S teel Wire for nail manufac turing- classif icatio n， Symbolof Grade，Toleran ce and Remarks.硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处 The Advanta ge of Using Silicon low CarbonSteel滚焊 Seam welding过共晶体 Hyper-ectecti c Alloy过共释钢 Hype-eutecto id含硫易车钢 Sulphur ic Free Cutting Steel含铅易车钢 LeadedFree Cutting Steel含铁体不锈钢F errite Stainle ss Steel焊接 Welding焊接合金 Solderi ng and Brazing Alloy焊接能力 Weldabi lity 镀铝钢片的焊接状态（比较冷辘钢片）Tips on welding of Alumini zed sheet in compara sion with cold rolledsteel strip 合金平衡状态T hermal Equilib rium厚度及阔度公差Toleran ce on Thickne ss & Width滑动面 Slip Plan化学成份 Chemica l Composi tion化学结合 Chemica l bond化学性能 Chemica l Propert ies化学元素 Chemica l element黄铜基层金属B rass as Base Metal回复柔软 Crystal Recover y回火脆性 Temperbrittle ness回火有低温回火及高温回火L ow & High Tempera ture Temperi ng回火状态 Anneale d Strip基层金属 Base Metal of PlatedMetal Strip机械性能 Mechani cal Properi tes机械性能 Mechani cal propert ies畸变 Distort ion级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号 Grade， Plating type， Designation of Coating Mass & CommonCoating Mass级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径C lasses， symbols， twistin g charact eristi c and applied Wire Diamete rs级别，代号及化学成份Classif icatio n， Symbolof Grade and Chemica l Composi tion挤压 Extrusi on加工方法 Manufac turing Method加工性能 Machina bility简介 General交换能量 Positiv e energyexchang e矫顽磁力 Coerciv e Force金属变态 Transfo rmatio n金属材料的试验方法 The Methodof Metal inspect ion金属材料的性能及试验 Propert ies & testing of metal金属的特性 Feature s of Metal金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较 Equilib rium Compari sion金属间化物 Interme tallic compoun d金属结晶格子M etal space lattice金属捆片电镀层PlatedLayer of PlatedMetal Strip金属塑性 Plastic Deforma tion金属特性 Special metalli c feature s金属与合金 Metal and Alloy金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule晶粒取向（Grain-Oriente d）及非晶粒取向（N on-Oriente d）晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数（日工标准及美材标准） Magneti c Propert ies and Laminat ion FactorofSI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electri cal Steel Strip （JIS and AISI Standar d）晶粒取向电器用硅 [硅] 钢；片–高硼低硫（LS）定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能 Magneti c and Electri cal Propert ies of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS 晶粒取向电器用硅 [硅] 钢片–高硼（HI-B）定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数 Mechani cal Propert ies and Laminat ion Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B and SI-ORIENT-CORE Grain OrientElectri cal Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅 [硅] 钢片–高硼低硫（LS）定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数 Mechani cal Propert ies and Laminat ion Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅（硅）钢片–高硼（HI-B）定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫（LS）定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装 Standar d Forms and Size of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B，SI-CORE， & SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain- 晶粒取向电器用硅（硅）钢片-高硼（HI-B）定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫（LS）定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差 Physica l Toleran ce ofSI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B， SI-ORIENT-CORE， & SI-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain 晶粒取向电器用硅钢片 Grain-Oriente d Electri cal Steel晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准 Interna tional Standar d –Grain-Oriente d Electri cal Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electri cal Use 晶体结构 Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格 Crystal structu re， Space lattice & Unit cell净磁矩 Net magneti c moment绝缘表面 Surface Insulat ion均热炉 Soaking pit抗磁体 Diamagn etism抗腐蚀及耐用C orrosi on & resista nce durabil ity抗化学品能力C hemica l Resista nce抗敏感及环境保护 Allergi c， re-cycling & environ mental protect ion 抗热超级合金H eat Resista nce Super Alloy扩散退火 Diffusi on Anneali ng拉尺发条 Measure Tape拉伸测试（顺纹测试） Elongat ion test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝 CarbonSteel Wire Rods for Cold Heading& Cold Forging（to JIS G3507）冷拉钢板重量表Cold Drawn Steel Bar WeightTable冷拉钢枝材 Cold Drawn CarbonSteel Shaftin g Bar冷拉高碳钢线H ard Drawn High CarbonSteel Wire冷轧钢片 Cold-RolledSteel Sheet/Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准C old-Rolled（Special Steel） CarbonSteel Strip to JIS G3311冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差 Width Toleran ce of Cold or Hot-rolledsheet 冷轧状态 Cold RolledStrip冷辘（低碳）钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages， industr ial standar d， quality， conditi on and hardnes s of cold rolledsteel strip冷辘低碳钢片（双单光片）（日工标准 JIS G3141） 73 - 95 Cold Rolled （Low carbon） Steel Strip （to JIS G 3141）冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法 Cold rolledsteel coil & sheet electro-plating & paintin g method冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表 Product ion flow chart cold rolledsteel coil sheet冷辘钢片（拉力： 30-32公斤/平方米）在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditi ons for bared （free from paint， oxidesetc） Cold rolledmild steel sheets（T/S：30-32 Kgf/ μ m2）冷辘钢片储存与处理提示 General adviceon handlin g& storage of cold rolledsteel coil & sheet冷辘钢片的“理论重量”计算方程式 Cold RolledSteel Sheet – Theore t i cal mass冷辘钢片订货需知 Orderin g of cold rolledsteel strip/sheet理论质量 Theoret ical Mass连续铸造法 Continu ous casting process两面不均等锡层Both Side Differe nt Thickne ss CoatedMass两面均等锡层B oth Side Equally CoatedMass裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层 Permiss ible depth of flaw and decarbu rizedlayer临界温度 Critica l tempert ure马氏体不锈钢M artens ite Stainle ss Steel马氏铁体淬火M arquen ching埋弧焊 Submerg ed-arc Welding每公斤发条的长度简易公式T he Lengthof 1 Kg of SpringSteel Strip 美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片C old RolledSteel Strip America n Standar d – America n Society for testing and materia ls （ASTM）美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份（先数字后字母排列）AISI – Chemica l Composi tion of Stainle ss Steel & Heat-Resista nt Steel （in order of number& alphabe t）米勒指数 Mill's Index魔术手环 Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图D rawin g of Magic Tap耐热不锈钢 Heat-Resista nce Stainle ss Steel耐热不锈钢比重表 Specifi c Gravity of Heat – resista nce steel platesand sheetsstainle ss steel镍铬–日工标准 G4102 63 ChromeNickelsteel to JIS G4102镍铬耐热钢 Ni - Cr Heat Resista nce Steel镍铬系不锈钢N ickelChromeStainle ss Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度 Heat-Resista nce Stainless Steel镍铬钼钢–日工标准 G4103 64 Nickel， Chrome& Molybde num Steel to JIS G4103疲劳测试 Fatigue Test片及板材 Chapter Four-Strip， Steel & Plate平坦度（阔度大于500公厘，标准回火） Flatnes s （width>500mm， temper ：standar d）破坏的检验 Destruc tive Inspect ion其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录 Other Solderi ng Materia l其它日工标准冷轧钢片（用途及编号） JIS standar d & applica tion of other cold RolledSpecial Steel气焊 Gas Welding潜变测试 Creep Test潜变强度 CreepsStrengt h强度 Strengt h琴线（日本标准 G3522） Piano Wires （ to G3522）球化退火 Spheroi dizing Anneali ng曲面（假曲率） Camber屈服强度（降伏强度）（Yield strangt h）全静钢 Killedsteel热力应先从工件边缘透入 Heat from the Laminat ed StacksEdges热膨胀系数 Coeffic ient of thermal expansi on热轧钢片 Hot-RolledSheet/Strip热轧钢片厚度公差 Thickne ss Toleran ce of Hot-rolledsheet日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份（先数字后字母排列） JIS – Chemica l Composi tion of Stainle ss Steel （in order of number& alphabe t）日工标准（JIS G3141）冷辘钢片化学成份 Chemica l composi tion – cold rolledsteel sheet to JIS G3141日工标准（JIS G3141）冷辘钢片重量列表 Mass of Cold-RolledSteel Sheet to JIS G3141日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片（双单光片）的编号浅释 Decodin g of cold rolled（Low carbon）steel strip JIS G3141日工标准下的特殊钢材 Specail Steel accordi ng to JIS Standar d熔铸 Casting软磁 Soft Magneti c软磁材料 Soft Magneti c Materia l软焊 Solderi ng Alloy软焊合金–日本标准 JIS H 4341 Solderi ng Alloy to JIS H 4341上链发条 Wind-up Spring上漆能力 Paint Adhesio n伸长度 Elongat ion渗碳体 Cementi tle渗透探伤法 Penetra te inspect ion生产流程 Product ion Flow Chart生锈速度表 Speed of rusting时间淬火 Time Quenchi ng时间效应（老化）及拉伸应变 Aging & Stretch er Strains释出硬化不锈钢Precipi tation Hardeni ng Stainle ss Steel双相辗压镀锡薄钢片（马口铁/白铁皮） Dual-Reducti on Tinplat e顺磁体 Paramag netic碳钢回火 Temperi ng碳污染 Prevent CarbonContami nation特点 Charact eristi c特殊钢 Special Steel特殊钢以用途来分类 Classif icatio n of Special Steel accordi ng to End Usage特殊钢以原素分类 Classif icatio n of Special Steel accordi ng to Elemen t提防过份氧化N o Excessi ve Oxidati on铁磁体 Ferroma gnetis m铁铬系不锈钢片ChromeStainle ss Steel铁及非铁金属F errous & Non Ferrous Metal铁锰铝不锈钢F e / Mn / Al / Stainle ss Steel铁线（低碳钢线）日工标准 JIS G 3532 Low CarbonSteel Wires （ Iron Wire ） to JIS G 3532铁相 Steel Phases同素变态 Allotro pic Transfo rmatio n铜基层金属 Copperas Base Metal透磁度 Magneti c Permeab ility退火 Anneali ng退火时注意事项Anneali ng Precaut ionary外价电子 Outer valence electro ns弯度 Camber完全退火 Full Anneali ng物理性能 Physica l Propert ies物料科学 Materia l Science物料科学定义M ateria l Science Definit ion锡层质量 Mass of Tin Coating（JIS G3303-1987）锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表C ompari son of Tin base， Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose细线材、枝材、棒材 Chapter Five Wire， Rod & Bar显微观察法 Microsc opic inspect ion线材/枝材材质分类及制成品 Classif icatio n and End Product s ofWire/Rod线径、公差及机械性能（日本工业标准G 3521） Mechani cal Propert ies （JIS G 3521）相反旋转 Opposit e span相律 Phase Rule锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weightof Zinc-Coating， Numberof Dipping s in CupricSulphat e Test and Diamete rs of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass锌镀层质量（两个不同锌镀层厚度） Mass Calcula tion of coating（For differe ntialcoating）/MM锌镀层质量（两个相同锌镀层厚度） Mass Calcula tion of coating（For equal coating）/MM亚共晶体 Hypoeut etic Alloy亚铁磁体 Ferrima gnetis m亚铁释体 Hyppo-Eutecto id延轧 Rolling颜色 Colour易车（快削）不锈钢 Free Cutting Stainle ss Steel易车（快削）不锈钢拉力表T ensile Strengt h of Free Cutting Wires 易车（快削）不锈钢种类 Type of steel易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较Hardnes s of Differe nt Types & Size of Free Cutting Steel易车碳钢 Free Cutting CarbonSteels（to JIS G4804 ）易溶合金 Fusible Alloy应力退火温度S tress–relievi ng Anneali ng Tempera ture应用材料 Materia l Used硬磁 Hard Magneti c硬磁材料 Hard Magneti c Materia l硬度 Hardnes s硬度及拉力 Hardnes s & Tensile strengt h test硬焊 Brazing Alloy硬化 Work Hardeni ng硬化性能 Hardena bility用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classif icatio n Accordi ng to CarbonContain s用途 End Usages用组织结构分类Classif icatio n Accordi ng to Grain Structu re幼珠光体 Fine pearlit e元素的原子序数Atom of Element s原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size， mass， chargeof an atom， and is particl es （Pronton，Nentron and Electro n）原子的组织图A tom Constit utes原子及固体物质Atom and solid materia l原子键结 Atom Bonding圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差 Toleran ce on Shape and Dimensi ons for Round Steel Bar， SquareSteel Bar， Hexagon al Steel Bar 圆径及偏圆度之公差 Toleran ce of Wire Diamete rs & Ovality圆面（“卜竹”）发条 ConvexSpringStrip再结晶 Recryst alliza tion正磁化率 Positiv e magneti c suscept ibilit y枝/棒无芯磨公差表（μ）（μ = 1/100 mm） Rod/Bar Centrel ess Grind Toleran ce枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份AISI， JIS End Usage and Chemica l Composi tion of Cold Drawn CarbonSteel Shaftin g Bar 直径，公差及拉力强度Diamete r， Toleran ce and Tensile Strengt h直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度D iamete r Toleran ce， Ovality and Average Decarbu rizedLayer Depth置换型固熔体S ubstit utiona l type solid solutio n滞后回线 NarrowHysters is中途退火 Process Anneali ng中珠光体 Mediumpearlit e周期表 Periodi c Table轴承合金 Bearing Alloy轴承合金–日工标准 JIS H 5401 Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401珠光体 Pearlit e珠光体及共释钢Pearlit e &Eutecto id主要金属元素之物理性质 Physica l propert ies of major Metal Element s 转变元素 Transit ion element自发上磁 Spontan eous magneti zation自由度 Degreeof freedom最大能量积 Maximum EnergyProduct（to JIS G3521， ISO-84580-1&2）化学成份分析表Chemica l Analysi s of Wire Rod305， 316， 321及347之拉力表 Tensile Strengt h Require mentsfor Types 305， 316， 321 and 347A1S1-302 贰级线材之拉力表 Tensile Strengt h of A1S1-302 WireGrain Oriente d & Non-Oriente d 电器用硅 [硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designa tionsof Electri cal Steel StripOriente d Electri cal Steel SheetsSK-5 & AISI-301 每公尺长的重量/公斤（阔2.0-10公厘） Weightper one meter long （kg）（Width 2.0-10mm）SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤长的重量/公斤（阔100-200公厘） Weightper one meter long （kg）（Width 100-200mm）SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度（阔100-200公厘） Lengthper one kg （Width 100-200mm）SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度（阔2.0-10公厘） Lengthper one kg （Width 2.0-10mm）。
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热处理生产线简介Brief Introduction of Heat Treatment Production Line一、概述Summary我公司投资6000万元建设的油井管热处理生产线，设计生产能力10万吨/年，可以对各种规格、各种钢级的油井管实现淬火＋回火、正火、正火+回火等多种热处理工艺。
We invested 60 million RMB for this tubing and casing treatment production line. Our annual production ability is 100 thousand tons and we have many kinds of heat treatment technics for all kinds and specifications of tubing and casing, such as Quenching + Tempering, normalizing, normalizing+Tempering and so on.钢级：J55、Q55、N80-1类、N80Q、P110以及抗腐蚀材料L80和C95等。
Grade: J55, Q55, N80-1, N80Q, P110 and anti- cauterization material L80 , C95 and so on.直径：Ф114.3-273mmDiameter: Ф114.3-273mm外加厚油管两端的外径按APISPEC5CT标准O.D of EUE tubing according to API SPEC 5CT Standard长度：8-13MLength: 8-13M壁厚：5.21-20.24mmWall Thickness: 5.21-20.24mm壁厚公差：+15%～-12.5%Wall Thickness Tolerance: +15%～-12.5%钢管外径公差：±1%O.D Tolerance: ±1%单根最大重量：1200KGMax Weight of Single Pipe: 1200 KG二、设备情况Equipment Condition热处理生产线配有步进式热处理炉、淬火机、矫直机和自旋式步进冷床，全线自动化控制水平高，热处理质量稳定可靠。
Our heat treatment production line is equiped Step-wise Heat Treatment Furnace, Quenching Machine, Straightening Machine and Self-spin Step-wise Colling Machine. The high level automatization control system ensures steady and first class heat treatment quality.1、热处理炉Heat treatment Furnace步进式热处理炉以冷净煤气为燃料，采用德国施能烧嘴，炉内气氛易于控制，炉温可控制在±5℃以内。
Step-wise Heat treatment Furnace uses cold and clean coal gas as fuel, adopts Germany KROMSCHRODER Burner which could ensure the temperature in the furance less than ±5℃.淬火炉和回火炉均采用步进梁式炉。
装出料方式：侧进，侧出；炉子布料：单排连续布料或间隔布料。
Quenching Furance and Tempering Furance both adopt Step-wise Walking Beam Furance.Mode of Loading and unloading Material: Side Loading, Side unloading. Material Display in the Furance: Single Row Continuesly Display or Interval Display活动梁和固定梁均为耐热铸钢，顶面带齿形面。
每次步进时，钢管都能转动一角度，使钢管加热均匀，并防止在炉内弯曲变形。
步进梁能进行正循环、踏步、等高、单动、点动、半自动、自动等功能，升降时对钢管轻托轻放，前进时缓起缓停，无振动冲击和失控现象。
同时，具有等高及踏步功能，踏步时向钢管在原齿槽内不断转动。
Walking Beam and Fixed Beam both are fire-endurable cast steel with tooth form on the top. In the process step, steel pipes will be turned for an angle to get symmetrical heating up and avoid bending and distortion in the furnace. Step-wise Beam can carry through Positive Cycle, Mark Time, Equality Height, Single Move, Point Move, Semiautomatic, Automatic functions and so on. Steel pipes are lifted and put lightly when elevating and subsiding, and they are removed and stopped slowly when moving forward. In the process, there is no librating impact and out control phenomenon. And the mechine also has coequal height and Mark Time function to ensure the steel pipes constant turning in the tooth formalveolus.2、淬火机Quenching Machine淬火机具有内喷外淋的功能，外淋水流量大，内喷水速度快，淬火效果好。
淬火机可以实现以下功能：Quenching machine has perfect quenching effect and equiped large flux inner spraying and speedy outer pouring fuction. It can achieve below functions:外淋+旋转+内喷淬火Outer pouring + circumgyrate + inner spraying quenching淬火后具有空水功能（带压缩空气吹扫）Water emptying function after quenching (with air compressor)氧化皮采大部分被回水带走，剩余部分停炉时清理Mostly Oxidation Surface are washed away by backwater, the rest will be cleaned when the furnace stops working.内喷采用锥形聚能喷嘴（根据处理的钢管不同而不同）Inner spraying adopts powerfull taper nozzles ( The nozzles are depend on different steel pipes)淬火前温度850℃左右，淬火后温度低于80℃The temperature is about 850℃before quenching and will below 80℃ after quenching.淬火后钢管端头直度≤2 mm/m，保证钢管顺利进入回火炉。
After quenching, the straight tolerance of the steel pipe’s end should be ≤2 mm/m to ensure the pipe can be placed in the Tempering furnace successfully.3、矫直机Straightening Machine矫直设备采用国内先进的八立柱、四滑架、六辊快开式矫直机，具有机身稳定，矫直速度快，矫直效果好的特点。
Straightening Equipments adopt advanced eight upright column, four slide rack, six rollers rapid opening straightening machine. The mechine is steady, and it has fast straightening speed and perfect straightening effect.矫直辊采用了2-2-2的对辊辊系，矫直工艺曲线可以实现上弯或下弯式两种方式。
Straightening rollers adopt 2-2-2 rollers so that the straightening technics can be achieved to up bend mode and down bend mode.采用四立柱滑架结构。
矫直辊座安装在动梁上，每个活动梁在四个立柱中垂直滑动，保证矫直过程的稳定。
克服了两滑架机型受力偏载的缺点。
It adopts four upright column slide rack structure.Straightening rollers are installed on the moving beams and every moving beam can slide upright in every four upright column which ensures the stability in the process of straightening. And it conquers the shortcoming of pressure excursion ofthe two sliding racks.采用中心单快开缸压下、两侧双缸平衡带快速抬起的快开结构，设备简洁、配管少、维护方便。