0513专八语言学真题

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英语专业八级考试试题

英语专业八级考试试题Listening ComprehensionSection A: News Report(选择的五条新闻来自不同的播报员，请根据提供的中文大纲判断是哪个播报员的报道。

)1.(关于近期某个城市的洪水灾害) "由于连续多日的暴雨，城市部分地区发生严重洪水灾害，居民的生活受到了严重影响。

" (由一个具有浓重美国口音的女播报员报道)2.(关于一部备受瞩目的电影获得票房成功) "《XYZ》这部备受期待的科幻电影在全球上映后获得了巨大成功，票房收入已经超过了预期。

" (由一个具有英国口音的男播报员报道)3.(关于全球气候变化的讨论) "在最近的联合国气候变化大会上，各国代表就如何应对气候变化进行了深入讨论。

" (由一个具有澳大利亚口音的女播报员报道)4.(关于一位著名运动员的退役声明) "在接受采访时，该著名运动员表示他计划在未来的比赛中退役，他感谢粉丝们一直以来的支持。

" (由一个具有加拿大口音的男播报员报道)5.(关于某个国家决定从另一个国家撤军) "在经过多日的谈判后，某大国决定从争议地区撤军，以缓和与该地区的紧张局势。

" (由一个具有南非口音的女播报员报道)Section B: Conversations(请根据对话内容判断主题和涉及人物之间的关系。

)1.主题：预订酒店房间人物关系：客户与酒店前台服务员2.主题：求职面试人物关系：面试官与应聘者3.主题：购买家具人物关系：客户与家具店销售员4.主题：讨论旅游计划人物关系：朋友之间5.主题：讨论电影剧情人物关系：夫妻之间。

(完整版)英语专八语言学测试题

英语专八人文语言学测试题1. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?A language is a systemB language is symbolicC Animal also have languageD language is arbitrary2. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human loanguage is __________.A arbitraryB non-arbitraryC logicalD non-productive3. Which of the foloowing terms best describes the “-ate” in the word “affectionate”?A derivational morphemeB infectional morphemeC free morphemeD prefix4. Which of the foloowing terms best describes the pair of words kill and dill?A minimal pairB phonemic contrastC closed class wordsD bound morphemes5. What is the basic lexical relation between piece and peace?A synonymyB antonymyC homonymyD polysemy6. /p/ is different from /b/ in ______.A the manner of articulationB the shape of the lipsC the vibration of the vocal cordsD the place of articulation7. Of all the speech organs, the ____ is / are the most flexible.A mouthB lipsC tongueD vocal cords8. The phonological features of the consonant /t/ are ______.A voiced stopB voiceless stopC voiced fricativeD voiceless fricative9. The branch of linguistics that studies show context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ________.A semanticsB pragmaticsC sociaolinguisticsD psycholinguistics10. The utterance “We’ve already eaten ten tons.” Obviously violates the maxim of ______.A qualityB quantityC relationD manner11. All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips, i.e. rounded, except _____.A //12. The semantic relationship between the two sentences “Mary’s son is an engineer.” And “Mary has a son.” is _______.A entailmentB presuppositionC synonymyD inconsistency13. Which of the following sentences is a commissive?A The eqarth is round.B I now prinounce you husband and wife.C I’m really sorry!D I’ll be here tomorrow14. Semantic feature analysis attempts to account for the _____ of a word according to the presence or abence of a specific semantic feature in the word.A conceptual meaningB social meaningC connotative meaningD affective meaning15. ____ act is the extra meaning of the utterance produced on the basis of its literal meaning.A SpeechB LocutionaryC IllocutionaryD Perlocutionary16. _____is a group of people using a given language or dialect. They use the same kind of language or dialect which is highly strtified in terms of social division.A Speech communityB Individual dialectC Regional dialectD Social dialect17. The situation where two very different varieties of the same language are used side by side for two different sets of functions is termed as _______.A diglossiaB bilingualismC multilingualismD register18. A ____is a variety of a language that is not a native language of anynone, but is learned on co9ntact situation such as trading.A pidginB creoleC dialectD lingua franca19. The Word“lab”is formed through _________.A back formationB blendingC clippingD derivation20. Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?A genderB numberC caseD voice21. The pair of words “ lend ” and “ borrow ” are _______.A gradable oppositesB converse oppositesC co-hypinymsD synonyms22. “Big” and “Small ”are a pair of _________opposites.A complementaryB gradableC completeD converse23. _______is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.A SemanticsB pragmaticsC sociolinguisticsD psycholinguistics24. A variety of a language used recognizably in a specific region or by a specific social class is called __________.A dialectB registersC creolesD pidgins25. In a speech community people have something in common________ -- a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.A sociallyB linguisticallyC culturallyD pragmatically26. [ l ] and [ r ] function in a minimal pair of ___________.A lid and ridB lad and redC peel and peerD both A，B，C27. Man’s linguistic ability enables him to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences in his native language, including the sentences which were never heard before. This design feature of language is ____________.A specializationB cultural transmissionC ProductivityD arbitrariness28. The study of language developed over a period of time is generally termed as ______ linguistics, which focuses on the changes and developments of language.A comparativeB appliedC synchronicD diachronic29. Human language operates on two levels of structure. At one level are elements which have no meaning in themselves but which combine to form units at another level which do have meaning. This design feature of language is called ______.A D。

专八语言学真题

A. A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence. C. A complex sentence. D. None of the above.
选B
2008
40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called
A. widening of meaning B. narrowing of meaning C. meaning shift D. loss of meaning
选A
2008英语专业八级
38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?
2005-2013 语言学专八真题
2005英语专业八级
38. Syntax is the study of A. language functions. B. sentence structures. C. textual organization. D. word formation.
A. dialect. B. idiolect. C. pidgin. D. register.
选C
2009
40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing
选B
2006
40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by

专八语言学选择题及答案

精品文档专八语言学试题一1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned isknown as a(n) __________.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4. In the phrase structure rule S→NP VP, the arrow can be read as __________.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates5. I bought some roses __________ I bought some flowers.A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterances8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.精品文档．精品文档A. sociallyB. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemispherein most people? __________.A. language and speechB. visual and spatial skillsC. reading and writingD. analytic reasoning10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.A. babblingB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiword答案：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C专八语言学试题二1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet”‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.()A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.()A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula S→NP VP.()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.()A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phrase精品文档．精品文档D.sentence6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.()misivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicparativeD.historical comparative8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name+last name+titlenguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlappingin some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as subvocal speech, and speech as _______.()A.vocal thoughtB.subvocal thoughtC.covert thoughtD.overt thought10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child languageacquisition?_______.()nguage acquisition is a process of habit formationnguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use答案 1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A专八语言学试题三1.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistic2.Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A. mouth精品文档．精品文档B. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3.The morpheme vision in the common word elevision is a(n) ___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme4.A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator5.Can I borrow your bike? ___ You have a bike.A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics7.Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A. elaborationB. simplificationC. external borrowingD. internal borrowing8.___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard language9.Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, inaddition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulationof utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language,namely, ___ .A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons精品文档．精品文档D. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10.According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconciousdevelopment of ability in the first language by using it naturally indaily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition答案 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D6.B7.B8.C9.A 10.D专八语言学试题四1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.()A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar.()A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.()A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.()A.Broca's aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke's aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night”as “light”.This shows:.()A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called __worD.()A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.()精品文档．精品文档rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.()ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.()A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman”can be expressed as __.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult答案1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B专八语言学试题五Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitraryKey: B2 The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorableatmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A3 From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.A. affectiveB. associativeC. stylisticD. collocative精品文档．精品文档Key: A4 When -ing in 'gangling' is removed to get a verb 'gangle', we call this way of creating words________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey: B5 ______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.A. DegradationB. SpecializationC. ElevationD. ExtensionKey: C6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______.A. idiolectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. social dialectKey: A7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.A. intonationB. toneC. phonemeD. sentence stressKey: A8 _______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sounD.A. Addition of soundB. Loss of soundC. MetathesisD. AssimilationKey: D9Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the ______ family.A. Indo-EuropeanB. Sino-TibetanC. Hamito-SemiticD. Malayo-PolynesianKey: B10A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.精品文档．精品文档A. morphemeB. phonemeC. graphemeD. letterKey: C11 All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.A. hyponymsB. compoundsC. blendsD. allomorphsKey: B12 The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.A. concordB. governmentC. recursivenessD. cohesionKey: A13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A14. The distinction of 'linguistic potential' and 'actual linguistic behavior' is proposed by _______.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: C15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.A. denotativeB. connotativeC. collectiveD. stylisticKey: A16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship-continually categorized as ______.A. tenor of discourseB. mode of discourseC. field of discourse精品文档．精品文档D. idiolectKey: A17. According to words' structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: D18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.A. Minimal pairsB. Illocutionary actsC. Social dialectsD. Adjacency pairsKey: D19. The relation between dead and alive is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: B20. The words encore and au pair are loanwords from _______.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.a. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: b22Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language a. native English wordsB. borrowed wordsC. echoic wordsD. one-syllable wordsKey: c23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]a. voicelessB. oralC. alveolarD. lateral精品文档．精品文档Key: d24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.a. dentalB. alveolarC. palatalD. labiodentalKey: d25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.a. affricatesB. fricativesC. bilabialD. oral stopsKey: d26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correcta. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeB. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.C. Allophones distinguish meaning.D. Allophones are language specifiC.Key: c27 Which of the following words is not a free morphemea. ableB. petC. changeD. dustyKey: d28 How many morphemes are there in the word dischargeda. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5Key: b29 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes onlya. happinessB. televisionC. ecologyD. teacherKey: c30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.a. interchangeabilityB. productivityC. cultural transmissionD. arbitrariness精品文档．精品文档Key: c31 The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet 'A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.A. the conventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communicationKey: A32 Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbkKey: A33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula S→NP VP.A. hierarchicalB. linearC. tree diagramD. verticalKey: B34 It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipientshould stay adjacent to each other.A. Case ConditionB. Case ParameterC. Adjacent ConditionD. Adjacent ParameterKey: C35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentenceKey: D36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declarativesKey: A37. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronic精品文档．精品文档B. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.A. title+first nameB. title+titleC. title aloneD. first name+last name+titleKey: C39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as subvocal speech, and speech as _______.A. vocal thoughtB. subvocal thoughtC. covert thoughtD. overt thoughtKey: D40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisitionA. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.Key: A41. The words kowtow and ea are loanwords from _______.A. ChineseB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymy精品文档．精品文档D. compoundingKey: A44. According to words' structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: B45. The relation between animal and lamb is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: C46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: D47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.A. associativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: D49. When -or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey:50. The relation betweenose andlower is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymy精品文档．精品文档D. homonymyKey: C51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: C52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.A. directiveB. informativeC. interrogativeD. expressive53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.A. diachronicB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. prescriptiveKey: B54. The distinction between competence and performance was made by______ .A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. L. BloomfieldKey: A55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as _______ ones.A. dentalB. bilabialC. velarD. alveolarKey: D56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word internationalism should be regarded as a ___________ .A. rootB. stemC. prefixD. suffixKey: B57. Words such as elex and workfare are created through ___________.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversion精品文档．精品文档D. blendingKey: D58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as John is a student. belongs to __________construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. coordinateD. subordinateKey: B59. The sense relationship between male andemale is _________.A. complementarityB. gradabilityC. relational oppositesD. hyponymyKey: A60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning.A. sentenceB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. utteranceKey: B精品文档．。

专业英语八级英语语言学知识(语言习得)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级英语语言学知识（语言习得）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．In general, language acquisition refers to children’s development of their______.A．first languageB．second languageC．foreign languageD．dialectal language正确答案：A解析：一般来说，语言习得指的是儿童的第一语言发展，即儿童在其长大成人所在的社区的本族语的发展。

知识模块：语言习得2．______holds that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation.A．The behaviorist viewB．The innatist viewC．The naming theoryD．The contextualism正确答案：A解析：行为主义论(the behaviorist view)认为，语言学习是一个简单的接受语言刺激、模仿语言、形成语言习惯的过程。

知识模块：语言习得3．______holds that children are born with an innate mechanism that allows them to acquire language.A．The behaviorist viewB．The innatist viewC．The naming theoryD．The contextualism正确答案：B解析：先天主义论(the innatist view)认为儿童生来大脑就具有学习语言的机制，受到一定的语言刺激后就可以激活该机制习得语言。

专八语言学试题【答案版本】

1. F. de. Saussure is a (n) __________linguist.A. AmericanB. BritishC. SwissD. RussianSwiss linguist. The founder of structural linguistics, he declared that there is only an arbitrary relationship between a linguistic sign and that which it signifies. The posthumously published collection of his lectures,Course in General Linguistics (1916), is a seminal work of modern linguistics.索绪尔，费迪南德·德：(1857-1913) 瑞士语言学家，结构主义语言的创始人，他声称在语言符号和其所指含义之间仅有一种模糊的关系。

他死后，他的讲演集出版为《普通语言学教程》（1916年），是现代语言学的开山之作2.N. Chomsky is a(n) ______linguist.Canadian B. American C. French D. SwissAmerican linguist who revolutionized the study of language with his theory of generative grammar, set forth inSyntactic Structures (1957).乔姆斯基，诺阿姆：(生于1928) 美国语言学家，他在《句法结构》（1957年）一书中所阐述的关于生成语法的理论曾使语言学研究发生突破性进展3.___________is the study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference totheir distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.A.PhonologyB. Lexicography 词典编纂C. lexicology词典学D.Morphology词态词态学音位学研究的是一种语言的整个语音系统及其分布，包括某一特定语言里的语音和音位分部和结合的规律。

05-13专八语言学真题

选B
第八页，编辑于星期一：点十一分。
2007
39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT
A. lexical B. syntactic C. phonological D. psycholinguistic
A. assimilation rule.
B. sequential rule. C.deletion rule.
D. grammar rule. 选B
第二十三页，编辑于星期一：点十一分。
2012
39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?
A. an expressive function. B. an informative function. C. a performative function. D. a persuasive function
答案B： informative function
第十九页，编辑于星期一：点十一分。
选C。
第二十页，编辑于星期一：点十一分。
2011
39. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ________.
A. absence of obstruction B. presence of obstruction C. manner of articulation D. place of articulation
2005-2013 语言学专八真题
第一页，编辑于星期一：点十一分。
2005英语专业八级

语言学专八考研真题及答案

专八语言集锦（05年——14年专八真题及解析归纳）目录1、2005年 (1)2、2006年 (2)3、2007年 (4)4、2008年 (6)5、2009年 (8)6、2010年 (10)7、2011年 (11)8、2012年 (12)9、2013年 (13)10、2014年 (14)11、附加语言学考研题 (15)2005年38.（考查点：main branches of linguistics) Syntax is the study ofA. language functionsB. sentence structuresC. textual organizationD.word formation答案：B。

解析：Syntax is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences,是关于形成和理解正确英语句子的原则。

也就是句子结构。

故选择B。

39.（考察点：design features of language) Which of ale following is NOTa distinctive feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinessB. ProductivityC. Cultural transmissionD. Finiteness答案：D。

解析：题问下面四个选项中，哪一个不是人类语言的主要特征？除Finiteness(有限性)外，选项中的其它的三项Arbitrariness（任意性），Productivity（能产性）和Cultural transmission（文化传递性）在语言学概述部分都提到了。

故选择D。

40. （考察点：人物）The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John SearleB. John AustinC. Noam ChomskyD. M.A,K. Halliday答案：B。

专业英语八级英语语言学知识(语言与语言学)模拟试卷1(题后含答

专业英语八级英语语言学知识（语言与语言学）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Which of the following does NOT state how the linguist discovers the nature and the rules of the underlying language system?A．He has to collect and observe language facts.B．He has to display and then generalize some similarities of the language facts.C．He has to formulate some hypotheses about the language structure.D．He has to deal with the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.正确答案：D解析：语言学家为了找出潜在的语言系统中的实质和规则，他须收集和观察语言事实，找出某些相似性并对其作出概括；然后，对语言结构进行某种假设，再对照所观察到的事实进行反复验证以充分证明它们的有效性。

知识模块：语言与语言学2．Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A．Arbitrariness.B．Productivity.C．Cultural transmission.D．Finiteness.正确答案：D解析：语言的区别性特征有五个：arbitrariness(任意性)，productivity(能产性)，duality(双层性)，displacement(不受时空限制性)，cultural transmission(文化传递性)。

2013专八真题及各种答案

免费2013专八真题及答案TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013)GRADE EIGHTTIME LIMIT：195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture．You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the important points．Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture．When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap．Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable．You may refer to your notes while completing the task．Use the blank sheet for note-taking．Now, listen to the mini-lecture．What Do Active Learners Do?There are difference between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:I. reading with purposesA. before reading: setting goalsB. while reading: (1) ________II. (2) ______ and critical in thinkingi.e. information processing, e.g.-- connections between the known and the new information-- identification of (3) ______ concepts-- judgment on the value of (4) _____.III. active in listeningA.ways of note-taking: (5) _______.B.before note-taking: listening and thinkingIV. being able to get assistanceA.reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6) ______.B.Reason 2: being able to predict study difficultiesV. being able to question informationA. question what they read or hearB. evaluate and (7) ______.VI. Last characteristicA. attitude toward responsibility-- active learners: accept-- passive learners: (8) _______B. attitude toward (9) ______-- active learners: evaluate and change behaviour-- passive learners: no change in approachRelationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) ______.Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO．Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview．At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions．Now listen to the interview．1．According to the interviewer, which of the following best indicates the relationship between choice and mobility?A．Better educatio n →greater mobility →more choices．B．Better education →more choices →greater mobility．C．Greater mobility →better education →more choices．D．Greater mobility →more choices →better education．2．According to the interview，which of the following details about the first poll is INCORRECT? A．Shorter work hours was least chosen for being most important．B．Chances for advancement might have been favoured by young people．C．High income failed to come on top for being most important．D．Job security came second according to the poll results．3．According to the interviewee，which is the main difference between the first and the second poll?A．The type of respondents who were invited．B．The way in which the questions were designed．C．The content area of the questions．D．The number of poll questions．4．What can we learn from the respondents’answers to items 2，4 and 7 in the second poll? A．Recognition from colleagues should be given less importance．B．Workers are always willing and ready to learn more new skills．C．Psychological reward is more important than material one．D．Work will have to be made interesting to raise efficiency．5．According to the interviewee，which of the following can offer both psychological and monetary benefits?A．Contact with many people．B．Chances for advancement．C．Appreciation from coworkers．D．Chances to learn new skillsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY．Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO．Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news, At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now listen to the news．6．According to the news item，“sleep boxes”are designed to solve the problems of A．airports．B．passengers．C．architects．D．companies．7．Which of the following is NOT true with reference to the news?A．Sleep boxes can be rented for different lengths of time．B．Renters of normal height can stand up inside．C．Bedding can be automatically changed．D．Renters can take a shower inside the box．Question 8 is based on the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question．Now listen to the news．8．What is the news item mainly about?A．London’S preparations for the Notting Hill Carnival．B．Main features of the Notting Hill Carnival．C．Police's preventive measures for the carnival．D．Police participation in the carnival．Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now listen to the news．9．The news item reports on a research finding aboutA．the Dutch famine and the Dutch women．B．early malnutrition and heart health．C．the causes of death during the famine．D．nutrition in childhood and adolescence．10．When did the research team carry out the study?A．At the end of World War II．B．Between 1944 and 1945．C．In the 1950s．D．In 2007．PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO．TEXT AThree hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or 1etter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters．“The coffee houses particularly are．very roomy for a free conversation，and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news，”noted one observer．Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun，pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news，thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience．The penny press，followed by radio and television，turned news from a two-way conversation into a one—way broadcast，with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media．Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house．The internet is making news more participatory，social and diverse，reviving the discursive characteristics of" the era before the mass media．That will have profound effects on society and politics．In much of the world．the mass media are flourishing．Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009．But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries．Over the past decade，throughout the Western world，people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways．Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling，sharing，filtering，discussing and distributing news．Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing．Classified documents are published in their thousands online．Mobile·phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts．Social-networking sites help people find，discuss and share news with their friends．And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite．Technology firms including Google，Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news．Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks；many countries now make raw data availablethrough“open government”initiatives．The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world．The web has allowed new providers of news，from individual bloggers to sites，to rise to prominence in a very short space of time．And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism，such as that practiced by WikiLeaks，which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents．The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets．In principle，every liberal should celebrate this．A more participatory and social news environment，with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources，is a good thing．The transformation of the news business is unstoppable，and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure．As producers of new journalism，individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources．As consumers，they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards．And although this transformation does raise concerns，there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse，vociferous，argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet．The coffee house is back．Enjoy it．11．According to the passage，what initiated the transformation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?A．The emergence of big mass media firms．B．The popularity of radio and television．C．The appearance of advertising in newspapers．D．The increasing number of newspaper readers．12．Which of the following statements best supports“Now, the Hews industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house”?A Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6％between 2005 and 2009．B．People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news．C．Classified documents are published in their thousands online．D．More people are involved in finding，discussing and distributing news．13．According to the passage，which is NOT a role played by information technology? A．Challenging the traditional media．B．Planning the return to coffee-house news．C．Providing people with access to classified files．D．Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news．14．The author’S tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism isA．optimistic and cautious．B．supportive and skeptical．C．doubtful and reserved．D．ambiguous and cautious．15．In“The coffee house is back”，coffee house best symbolizesA．the changing characteristics of news audience．B．the more diversified means of news distribution．C．the participatory nature of news．D. the more varied sources of news．TEXT BParis is like pornography．You respond even if you don’t want to．You turn a corner and see a vista，and your imagination bolts away。

专八语言学选择题及复习资料

专八语言学试题一1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __________.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4. In the phrase structure rule "S→NP VP", the arrow can be read as __________.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates5. "I bought some roses" __________ "I bought some flowers".A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterances8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.B. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? __________.A. language and speechB. visual and spatial skillsC. reading and writingD. analytic reasoning10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.A. babblingB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiword答案：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C专八语言学试题二1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.()A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.()A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.()A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phrase6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.()misivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicparativeD.historical comparative8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name+last name+titlenguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlappingin some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".()A.vocal thoughtB.subvocal thoughtC.covert thoughtD.overt thought10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_______.()nguage acquisition is a process of habit formationnguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use答案1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A专八语言学试题三1.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistic2.Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3.The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme4.A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator5."Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics7.Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A. elaborationB. simplificationC. external borrowingD. internal borrowing8.___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard language9.Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10.According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconciousdevelopment of ability in the first language by using it naturally indaily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition答案1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D6.B7.B8.C9.A 10.D专八语言学试题四1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.()A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar.()A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.()A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.()A.Broca's aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke's aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows:.()A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called __worD.()A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.()rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.()ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.()A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult答案1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B专八语言学试题五Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitraryKey: B2 The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A3 From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.A. affectiveB. associativeC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: A4 When -ing in 'gangling' is removed to get a verb 'gangle', we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey: B5 ______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.A. DegradationB. SpecializationC. ElevationD. ExtensionKey: C6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______.A. idiolectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. social dialectKey: A7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.A. intonationB. toneC. phonemeD. sentence stressKey: A8 _______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sounD.A. Addition of soundB. Loss of soundC. MetathesisD. AssimilationKey: D9Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the ______ family.A. Indo-EuropeanB. Sino-TibetanC. Hamito-SemiticD. Malayo-PolynesianKey: B10A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.A. morphemeB. phonemeC. graphemeD. letterKey: C11 All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.A. hyponymsB. compoundsC. blendsD. allomorphsKey: B12 The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.A. concordB. governmentC. recursivenessD. cohesionKey: A13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A14. The distinction of 'linguistic potential' and 'actual linguistic behavior' is proposed by _______.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: C15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.A. denotativeB. connotativeC. collectiveD. stylisticKey: A16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship-continually categorized as "______".A. tenor of discourseB. mode of discourseC. field of discourseD. idiolectKey: A17. According to words' structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: D18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.A. Minimal pairsB. Illocutionary actsC. Social dialectsD. Adjacency pairsKey: D19. The relation between "dead" and "alive" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: B20. The words "encore" and "au pair " are loanwords from _______.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.a. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: b22Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of languagea. native English wordsB. borrowed wordsC. echoic wordsD. one-syllable wordsKey: c23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]a. voicelessB. oralC. alveolarD. lateralKey: d24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.a. dentalB. alveolarC. palatalD. labiodentalKey: d25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.a. affricatesB. fricativesC. bilabialD. oral stopsKey: d26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correcta. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeB. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.C. Allophones distinguish meaning.D. Allophones are language specifiC.Key: c27 Which of the following words is not a free morphemea. ableB. petC. changeD. dustyKey: d28 How many morphemes are there in the word dischargeda. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5Key: b29 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes onlya. happinessB. televisionC. ecologyD. teacherKey: c30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.a. interchangeabilityB. productivityC. cultural transmissionD. arbitrarinessKey: c31 The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet 'A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.A. the conventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communicationKey: A32 Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbkKey: A33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".A. hierarchicalB. linearC. tree diagramD. verticalKey: B34 It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.A. Case ConditionB. Case ParameterC. Adjacent ConditionD. Adjacent ParameterKey: C35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentenceKey: D36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declarativesKey: A37. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.A. title+first nameB. title+titleC. title aloneD. first name+last name+titleKey: C39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".A. vocal thoughtB. subvocal thoughtC. covert thoughtD. overt thoughtKey: D40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisitionA. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.Key: A41. The words "kowtow" and "tea " are loanwords from _______.A. ChineseB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyKey: A44. According to words' structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: B45. The relation between "animal" and "lamb" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: C46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: D47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.A. associativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: D49. When -or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey:50. The relation between "rose" and "flower" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyKey: C51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: C52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.A. directiveB. informativeC. interrogativeD. expressive53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.A. diachronicB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. prescriptiveKey: B54. The distinction between "competence" and "performance" was made by______ .A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. L. BloomfieldKey: A55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as _______ ones.A. dentalB. bilabialC. velarD. alveolarKey: D56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word "internationalism" should be regarded as a ___________ .A. rootB. stemC. prefixD. suffixKey: B57. Words such as "telex" and "workfare" are created through ___________.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blendingKey: D58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as "John is a student." belongs to __________construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. coordinateD. subordinateKey: B59. The sense relationship between "male" and "female" is _________.A. complementarityB. gradabilityC. relational oppositesD. hyponymyKey: A60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning.A. sentenceB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. utteranceKey: B。

专业英语八级英语语言学知识(语用学)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级英语语言学知识（语用学）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Which of the following statement concerning context is NOT correct?A．It was first noted by the British linguist John Firth.B．It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.C．It determines the speaker’s use of language and also the hearer’s interpretation of what is said to him.D．It is essential to the syntactic study of language.正确答案：D解析：语境这个概念由英国语言学家John Firth最先提出，一般认为它是由言者和听者的共享知识构成，它决定着言者对语言的运用和听者对他所听到话语的理解，它对语言的语用研究(而非句法研究)来说是必不可少的。

知识模块：语用学2．Which of the following is NOT correct?A．The meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized.B．The meaning of an utterance is concrete and context-dependent.C．The meaning of a sentence is based on utterance meaning.D．Utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context.正确答案：C解析：句子的意思是抽象的、非语境化的，而话语的意义却是具体的、依赖于语境的。

专业英语八级英语语言学知识-1

专业英语八级英语语言学知识-1(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：40，分数：100.00)1.Which of the following is NOT the correct relationship between language and culture?A. Language expresses cultural reality.B. Language embodies cultural identity.C. Language symbolizes cultural reality.D. Language determines cultural reality.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. √解析：文化是语言的内容，语言是文化的载体，语言能够表达文化、体现文化，也是文化的象征和标志。

语言不能决定文化。

2.In a broad sentence, culture includes ______.A. patterns of beliefB. customs, objects and institutionsC. techniques and languageD. all the above（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. √解析：文化，从广义上来说，是指一个民族的整体生活方式，包括信仰、习俗、物质、体制、技能、语言、价值观等。

3.According to linguists, there are two types of culture: the more concrete and observable______ and the more abstract and hiddenA. material culture, spiritual cultureB. national culture, local cultureC. spiritual culture, material cultureD. local culture, national culture（分数：2.50）A. √B.C.D.解析：广义上的文化包含内容甚广，主要可以划分为物质文化和精神文化两种类型，物质文化具体可见，而精神文化则抽象隐含。

英语专业八级考试真题2023年

英语专业八级考试真题2023年2023 English Major Eight-level ExamThe English Major Eight-level Exam, also known as TEM-8, is a nationwide English proficiency test for English majors in China. It is considered one of the most important and challenging exams for English majors, as it tests students' comprehensive English language skills in listening, reading, writing, and translation.The 2023 TEM-8 exam is expected to feature a variety of topics and tasks to evaluate students' proficiency in English. The listening section will likely include a range of recordings, such as lectures, interviews, and conversations, to test students' ability to comprehend spoken English in different contexts.The reading section will consist of passages from various sources, such as academic articles, news reports, and literary texts. Students will be required to read and comprehend the passages, answer questions, and demonstrate their ability to analyze and interpret the information presented.In the writing section, students will have to write essays or reports on a given topic. They will need to demonstrate their ability to express ideas clearly and logically, use appropriatevocabulary and grammar, and organize their thoughts effectively.The translation section will require students to translate passages from English to Chinese and vice versa. This section tests students' understanding of both languages and their ability to convey the meaning and nuances of the original text accurately.To prepare for the 2023 TEM-8 exam, students should engage in regular practice of all language skills, including listening, reading, writing, and translation. They should also familiarize themselves with the format of the exam, practice with past exam papers, and seek help from teachers or tutors if needed.Overall, the 2023 TEM-8 exam is a comprehensive test of English proficiency for English majors in China. By preparing diligently and taking the exam seriously, students can demonstrate their language abilities and improve their career prospects in the future.。

语言学专八练习

语言学第二章专业八级练习题3. Of the following sound combinations, only is permissible.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbk9. Which pair of words is NOT a minimal pair?A. cat/batB. put/butC. jig/pigD. sit/bit11.If two sounds are in complementary distribution, they are of the same phoneme.A. symbolsB. allophonesC. phonesD. signs18. The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are .A. homophonesB. homographsC. complete homonymsD. allophones30. Where are the vocal cords ?A. in the mouthB. in the nasal cavityC. above the tongueD. inside the larynx32._____ studies the sound systems in a certain language.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. Syntax39.Distinctive features are used to describe________ .A. phonesB. phonologyC. AllophonesD. phonemes40. The English word "untouchable" is composed of ____ morphemes .A. fourB. threeC. twoD. five42. “The Adam's Apple” is ____ . .A. a kind of appleB. related to AdamC. the front part of larynxD. on the top of larynx46. In the production of consonants at least articulators{发音器官}are involved.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four49. V oiceless sounds are produced when the vocal folds are .A. closedB. apartC. totally closedD. completely open51. involve more than one manners of articulation .A. StopsB. FricativesC. AffricatesD. Laterals52.Which is NOT true for the vowel [i] ?A. HighB. UnroundedC. MidD. Front55. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in .A. the place of articulationB. the obstruction of airstreamsC. the position of the tongueD. The shape of the lips56. studies how speech sounds are made, transmitted and received .A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. PhonemeD. Phonics57. sounds are produced with the back of the tongue and the soft palate.A. V elarB. PalatalC. GottalD. Alveolar59.Where is the primary stress of the word "phonology" ?A.phoB. noC.loD.gy60. refers to the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.A. Locutinary actB. Illocutinary actC. Perlocutionary actD. Speech act64.A (n) is the smallest unit of sound in a language , which can distinguish two words .A. morphemeB. soundC. phonemeD. allophone65. Productivity is one of the features of languages .A. distinctiveB. designC. SuprasegmentalD. pragmatic66. What is the common feature of the three sounds: [b], [p], [m] ?A. V oicelessB. V oicedC. NasalD. Bilabial69. “voiced fricatives -> voiceless/ voiceless” is a .A. phonological ruleB. syntactic ruleC. phrase structure ruleD. functional rule73. Which of the following statements are NOT true for vowels?A. V owels are sonorants.B. In the production of vowels, there is no obstruction of air.C. Tongue height is one criterion to distinguish vowels.D. V owels are also called obstruents.74. All syllables must have a ____.A. codaB. onsetC. nucleusD. consonant75. Ikaps is not a possible word form in English due to ____.A. sonority scaleB. phonological ruleC. syntactic ruleD. morphological rule83. Which of the following criteria can NOT be used to classify vowels?A The part of the tongue that is held highestB The openness of the mouthC The vibration of the vocal cordsD The shape of the lips87. If a phoneme is substituted for another in a word and the substitution results in a change of the word meaning, the two phonemes are said to be_____.A minimal pairB minimal setC distinctive phonemesD distinctive features92. Which of the following is not a Supersegmental feature?A. SyllableB. StressC. ToneD. V oicelessness97. Which of the following English sounds is NOT bilabial?A.［b ］B. ［m ］C.［p ］D.［f ］103. Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop?A .［w ］ B. ［m ］ C. ［b ］ D.［p ］127. _____ is the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech.A. Auditory phoneticsB. Articulatory phoneticsC. Acoustic phoneticsD. Phonology128. /l/ is the only ____ in English.A. fricativeB. affricativesC. nasalD. lateral129. [f, v ] are both labiodentals and _______.A. nasalsB. fricativesC. affricativesD. alveolar130. The idea of establishing a phonetic alphabet was first proposed by the Danish grammarian .A. Otto JespersenB. Daniel JonesC. A. J. EillsD. A. M. Bell131. The Sound Patterns of English (SPE 1968) mainly deals with ____.A. multi-level phonologyB. non-linear phonologyC. super segment phonologyD. linear approach of phonology132. In Chinese Putonghua, only ____ can occur after the vowel.A. nasalsB. stopsC. lateralD. vowel答案：1.C2.A3.A4.B5.C6.B7.B8.D9.B 10.A11.B 12.D 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.B 19.D 20.C 21.A 22.D 23A. 24.C 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.D 29.B 30.D 31.B 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.D 44.B 45.A 46.B 47.B 48.D 49.B 50.B 51.C 52.C 53.B 54.C 55.B 56.A 57.A 58.C 59.B 60.A61.B 62.D 63.B 64.C 65.B 66.D 67.D 68.B 69.A 70.B71.B 72.A 73.D 74C 75.A 76.D 77.C 78.D. 79.D 80.A81.B 82.B 83.C 84.C 85.B 86.A 87.C 88.B 89.A 90.D91.A 92.D 93.D 94.A 95.B 96.A 97.D 98.A 99.C 100.A101.B 102.A 103.D 104.D 105.A 106.D 107.C 108.D 109.A 110.A 111.A 112.B 113.B 114.A 115.D 116.D 117.A 118.C 119.C 120.A 121.D 122.A 123.A 124.C 125.B 126.B 127.C 128.D 129.B 130.A 131.D 132.A 133.D 134.C 135.A 136.B 137.A 138.B 139.C 140.C 141.C 142.D 143.C 144.D 145.B 146.A 147.B 148.A 149.B 150A。

专八人文知识语言学

3.
The design features of language:
1)
（语言的区别性特征） Arbitrariness (任意性)
language is, which means that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. (there is no direct connection between sound and meaning)
Macrolinguistics 微观语言学
Descriptive 描述性 Aims To describe and analyze the language people use Describe hoe things are People don’t say xxxx…
Prescriptive 规定性 To lay down rules for correct behavior, i.e. to tell people what they should say or not. Prescribe how things ought to be Don’t say xxxx….
Distinctions Example
2） diachronic and synchronic (历时与共时)
1900
synchronic
1350 499
diachronic
Diachronic: it is the study of a language through the course of history, like the origin, change of meaning, it is usually called historical linguistic.