病理学英文试题Quiz one
病理生理学英文试题含答案4
Examination Paper of PathophysiologyFor English Class1. Single-choice questions ( There are four answers in each question, pick out the best one and mark “√”)(1) Hypertonic dehydration is defined asA. [Na+] >150 mmol/L, osmotic pressure> 310 mOsm/LB. [Na+] <130 mmol/L，osmotic pressure< 280 mOsm/LC. [[Na+] =150 mmol/L，osmotic pressure = 310 mOsm/LD. [Na+] >150 mmol/L，osmotic pressure < 310mOsm/L(2) The characteristic cause of hypertonic dehydration isA. increased loss of body fluid and decreased intake of waterB. water loss is excess of Na+ loss.C. no water during navigation .D. increased loss of water via gastrointestinal tract(3) Which is not the reason of hypertonic dehydration?A. no sense of thirst due to brain injury.B. severe vomitingC. difficulty in swallowing because of esophageal diseases.D. hypoventilation.(4) Increased loss of pure water via skin will causeA. hypotonic dehydration.B. isotonic dehydration.C. hypertonic dehydration.D. water intoxication.(5) Intracellular dehydration can be seen inA. hypotonic dehydration.B. isotonic dehydration.C. hypertonic dehydration.D. water intoxication.(6) Loss of body weight can not be seen inA. hypotonic dehydration.B. isotonic dehydration.C. hypertonic dehydration.D. water intoxication.(7) There is severe thirst inA. hypertonic dehydration.B. isotonic dehydration.C. hypotonic dehydration.D. water intoxication.(8) The change of electrocardiogram in hyperkalemia isA. low P-waveB. peaked T-waveC. widen T-waveD. narrow QRS complex(9) The reason of increased interstitial fluid isA. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure.B. increased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure.C. decreased permeability of the capillary wall.D. increased lymphatic return.(10) Increased permeability of the capillary wall will lead toA. increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure.B. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure.C. increased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure.D. increased interstitial colloidal osmotic pressure.(11) Metabolic alkalosis will lead toA. decreased intracellular [K+].B. increased intracellular [K+].C. increased extracellular [K+].D. normal intracellular [K+].(12). The effect of respiratory acidosis on the body isA. increase of myocardial contraction.B. depression of mental activity.C. arteriole contraction.D.hypokalemia.(13) The main reason of pulmonary hypertension caused by acute hypoxia is:A. increase of right cardiac outputB. left heart failureC. increase of pulmonary blood flowD. spasm of pulmonary arterioles(14). The most important factor deciding blood oxygen saturation is:A. blood pHB. blood temperatureC. blood oxygen pressureD. blood carbon dioxide pressure(15). Hypoxemia isA. blood oxygen pressure is lower than normal levelB. blood oxygen content is less than normal levelC. blood oxygen capacity is less than normal levelD. arterial blood oxygen content is less than normal level(16) Which parameter doesn’t decrease in hypotonic hypoxia?A. oxygen capacityB. PvO2C. blood oxygen content in veinD. arterial blood oxygen content2. Explain the following concepts(1) brain death(2) hypertonic dehydration(3) hypokalemia(4) edema(5) cyanosis3. Answer the following questions:(1) Explain the causes of hypokalemia.(2)Please tell the alteration of PaO2, Cao2, O2 capacity, Sao2 and the difference between Cao2 and Cvo2 in various kinds of hypoxia.4. Case discussionA 52-year-old man with chronic obstructive lung disease was admitted to the hospital with worsening dyspnea. He appeared cyanotic and in respiratory distress. The pH=7.34, PaCO2=60 mmHg, [HCO3-] =37mmol/L.Please answer the following questions:(a) What type of acid-base imbalance did the patient have?(b) Why did the acid-base imbalance occur?【参考答案】(1) A (2) B (3) D (4) C (5) C (6) D (7) A (8) B (9) A (10) D (11) B (12) B (13 D (14)C (15)D (16) A。
病理学模拟试题(一)(Pathology simulation test questions )
病理学模拟试题(一)（Pathology simulation test questions (1)）Simulated examination questions (1)A single choice (1 points per day, a total of 30 points)1 the sign of death is...A respiratory arrest,B mydriasis,C brain death,D heartbeat, respiratory arrest2 the common causes of myocardial steatosis are:A fever,B poisoning,C malnutrition, D, severe anemia3 coagulation necrosis is common inA heart and kidney, B, heart and brain, C, stomach and spinal cord, D, lung and brain4, long-term compression of local tissue, the pressure suddenly lifted, the local vascular height expansion, congestion known asA physiological hyperemia,B active hyperemiaC hyperemia after decompression,D collateral congestion5 the main component of white thrombus isA red blood cells,B lymphocytes, C, platelets, D neutrophils6 what is the balance of water and electrolyte in the normal body mainly through which of the following?A neuro humoral regulation ofB endocrine regulationC nervous systemD lung and kidney7, the most common form of hyperkalemia isA extensive burns, B, oliguria, acute renal failure, oliguriaC massive transfusion of D:Addison's disease in banked blood8, a patient diarrhea three days, the most likely acid-base poisoning isA, hypokalemic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, B respiratory acidosisC: metabolic acidosis D: respiratory alkalosis9 the most important sign of inflammation isA exudative changes in response to the core of the vesselB proliferative changesC metamorphic changeD liquid exudation mainly changes10 the number of white blood cells increased mainly in blood during allergic inflammation and parasitic infectionsA neutrophils, B, eosinophilsC lymphocyteD monocyte11 the most common cause of fever isA large area woundB bacterial infectionC malignant tumorD virus infection12 the key to shock isThe microcirculation of A tissue was less than B and the blood pressure decreasedC cardiac output was reduced byD renal failure13 when the shock occurs, the organism produces metabolic acidosis mainly due toA excessive intake of acidic substances,B hyperkalemiaC produces too much lactic acid andD alkaline digest is lost too muchThe main difference between 14 benign and malignant tumors isA growth mode; B; growth rateThe degree of differentiation of C tumor cells was secondary to that of D15 the most significant type of hypoxia that causes increased lung ventilation isA hypoxia hypoxiaB tissue hypoxiaC hypoxia, D, circulatory hypoxia16, the leading link of chronic pulmonary heart disease isA pulmonary hypertension,B pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edemaC pulmonary capillary bed decreasedD pulmonary arteriolar spasm17 the characteristic pathological changes of rheumatism areA fibrous degeneration, B, lesser corpusclesC myxoid degeneration,D congestion, edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells18 the mechanism by which catecholamines strengthen the contractility of the myocardium isA cardiac stress dilatedB myocardium strengthens the ability to use oxygenC myocardial hypertrophyD strengthens myocardial excitation contraction coupling19 the most common complication of peptic ulcer disease isA bleeding,B cancerationC pyloric obstruction,D perforation20. which of the following belongs to the characteristic lesion of chronic active viral hepatitis?A liver cells are extensively denatured and punctate necrosis of hepatocytesB debris necrosis and bridging necrosisInfiltration of C lymphocytes and monocytesD portal area, fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia21 the main mechanism of renal volume enlargement in acute nephritis isA renal interstitial hyperemiaB infiltration of renal interstitial inflammatory cellsC interstitial edema of kidneyD increased glomerular volume and edema of renal tubular epithelial cells22 the most serious complication of acute renal failure isA hyperkalemia, B, metabolic acidosisC, water intoxication, D, blood stasis syndrome23, the pathogenicity of TB mainly depends on the body of bacteriaA lipid,B protein,C polysaccharide, D, endotoxin24 the pathological changes of gonorrhea are characterized byA hemorrhagic inflammation,B purulent inflammationC cellulose (protein) inflammation, D, inflammatory25 the most common site of intracerebral hemorrhage in hypertensive patients isA cerebral cortex,B cerebellumC hypothalamusD basal ganglia and internal capsule26 enterogenous cyanosis is dueA cyanide poisoning, B, thiamin poisoningC nitrite poisoning, D, riboflavin poisoning27 precancerous lesions are defined asA, an early lesion in B, is a benign lesion with potential for carcinogenesisC benign tumor before malignant transformation,D cancer formation before lesions28 the organ blood perfusion at the initial stage of shock is correctA gastric and intestinal blood flow increased slightly,B cerebral blood flow decreased significantlyC renal blood flow changed little, and the blood flow ofD coronary artery increased obviously29 when acute inflammation, local tissue swelling is mainly due toA inflammatory congestion, exudation ofB fluid and cellsC infiltration of inflammatory cells, D, vascular endothelium and fibroblast proliferation30 when alkali poisoning occurs, the main reason for the increase of nerve muscle stress in the body isA [K+]:B serum [Ca2+]: SerumC [Mg2+]:D serum [Na+]: SerumTwo, fill in the blanks (1 points per empty, 20 points)1, according to the strength of regeneration, the human tissue cells are generally divided into the following three categories: cells,Cells and cells.2 after sweating, only add water, not add sodium, easy to cause dehydration.3 when PaCO2 is below normal, it indicates pulmonary ventilation and is seen after poisoning or decompensationPoisoning.4 the basic pathological changes of inflammation are, and.5 the growth of tumors is as follows.6 common complications of lobar pneumonia are,, and.7 the main mechanisms of myocardial contractility decrease are, and.Three, determine the title (1 points per day, a total of 10 points)In 1 portal cirrhosis, the surface of the liver is usually 1~2cm. ()2 blood borne infection causes pyelonephritis, the most common pathogenic bacteria is Escherichia coli. ()3 the main clinical manifestations of endometrial hyperplasia are menstrual disorders and infertility. ()4, when the amount of TB bacillus is high, the virulence is strong or the immunity of organism is strong, the nodules are usually formed. ()5 anemic infarction is coagulative necrosis. ()6, the treatment of hypertonic dehydration, general intravenous infusion of 10% glucose can. ()7, all acidosis, plasma PH are less than 7.35. ()8 single hair follicle and the sebaceous gland abscess occurred is called furuncle. ()The main difference between 9 carcinomas and sarcomas is that the metastatic pathways are different. ()10% extensive myocardial infarction is the most common cause of congestive heart failure. ()Four, interpretation of the term (every day 4 points, a total of 16 points)1 death,2 metaplasia,3 hypoxia,4 heart failureFive questions (8 points per day, a total of 24 points)1 、 besides cardiogenic shock, how does cardiac function change from the initial stage of shock to the later stage of shock? What about the mechanism?2 what are the main differences between benign and malignant tumors?3 to investigate the mechanism and main clinical manifestations of portal hypertension in cirrhosis.Reference answerFirst, individual choice questions1 C,2 D,3 A,4 C,5 C,6 A,7 B,8 C,9 A, B, 10 B, 1112 13 14 15 16 c c b d 17 18 19 20 21 22 of the b, d23 24 25 26 27 b d c b d b (b 28 29 30二、填空题1 不稳定细胞、稳定细胞、永久性细胞.2 低渗.3 过度, 呼吸性、代谢性.变质、渗出、增生 4.膨胀性生长、浸润性生长、外生性生长 5.中毒性休克、肺脓肿及脓胸、败血症、肺肉质变 6.收缩偶联障碍心肌收缩性减弱、心肌能量代谢障碍、心肌兴奋 - 7.三、判断题1 x2 x3 √4 x5 x6 x7 x 9 x 10 x8 √四、名词解释死亡机体作为一个整体功能的永久性停止其标志为脑死亡:, 1.2 化生: 一种分化成熟的组织类型转变为另一种分化成熟的组织类型的过程.3 缺氧: 任何原因引起的组织供氧不足或利用氧功能障碍, 以至引起机体的功能、代谢和形态结构发生异常改变.4心力衰竭: 指由于心肌舒缩功能障碍, 使心输出量减少, 以至不能适应全身组织代谢需要的病理过程.五、问答题1 除心源性休克外的休克, 在初期出现心脏兴奋, 表现为心率加快、心肌收缩力增强, 心输出量增加.机制为交感 - 肾上腺髓质系统兴奋, 儿茶酚胺大量释放, 冠状动脉舒张.休克晚期, 出现心力衰竭.机制为:(1) 血压降低、心率加快和心肌间dic等使冠状动脉血流减少; (2) 心脏兴奋使心肌耗氧量增加; (3) 酸中毒和高钾血症使心肌的兴奋- 收缩偶联障碍; (4) 心肌抑制因子 (mdf), 对心肌的抑制作用; (5) 内毒素和氧自由基对心肌的损害作用.良、恶性肿瘤的主要区别为: 2区别点良性肿瘤恶性肿瘤组织结构分化程度高, 异型性小, 与分化程度低, 异型性大, 与其起源组织相似, 核分裂象少其起源组织不相似, 核分裂象多生长速度缓慢, 很少发生出血、坏死迅速, 常发生出血、坏死生长方式膨胀性和外生性生长, 常有浸润性与外生性生长, 常无包膜,包膜, 边界清楚, 移动性大边界不清, 移动性小转移无转移可有转移复发很少复发较易复发对机体影危害性小, 主要为局部压迫与危害大, 除压迫与阻塞外, 常响阻塞作用破坏局部组织器官, 引起出血、坏死、感染, 晚期出现恶病质3 肝硬化时门脉高压症形成的机制: (1) 假小叶压迫小叶下静脉; (2) 小叶中央及肝窦周围纤维化, 使中央静脉及肝窦阻塞, 妨碍门静脉的回流; (3) 肝固有动脉与门静脉之间形成吻合支, 动脉血流入门静脉, 加重门静脉高压的形成.主要临床表现: (1) 脾肿大与脾功能亢进; (2) 胃肠淤血, 消化与吸收功能障碍; (3) 腹水形成; (4) 侧枝循环形成主要表现为1 胃底与食管下端静脉从曲张痔静脉从曲张); 2); 3) 脐周静脉从曲张.。
病理题库
病理题库绪论一、名词解释0.1.01 病理学(pathology)0.1.02 病理解剖学(pathologic anatomy or anatomical pathology)0.1.03 病因学(etiology)0.1.04 发病机制(pathogenesis)0.1.05 病理变化(pathologic changes)0.1.06 尸体解剖(autopsy)0.1.07 活体组织检查(biopsy)0.1.08 细胞学(cytology)0.1.09 组织培养(tissue culture)0.1.10 组织化学(histochemistry)0.1.11 分子病理学(molecular pathology)0.1.12 免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry)0.1.13 基因诊断(gene diagnosis)二、判断题0.2.01 病理学是研究患病机体的形态结构、代谢和功能变化的一门学科。
0.2.02 病理解剖学主要研究患病机体的代谢和功能改变。
0.2.03 尸体解剖就是对机体的组织器官进行病理学检查的一种方法。
0.2.04 尸体解剖（尸检）率的高低常常可以反映一个国家的文明程度。
0.2.05 活体组织检查(活检)是从机体采取病变组织进行病理学检查的一种方法。
0.2.06 活体组织检查时因其取材少，诊断困难，故临床上一般不常用此种病理学检查方法。
0.2.07 人类的所有疾病都可以在动物身上复制出相应的模型。
0.2.08 细胞培养时可以施加放射线、药物等，以观察其对细胞的影响。
0.2.09 组织或细胞培养的结果与其体内过程完全一致。
0.2.10 由于肉眼检查病变组织无法确定病变性质，故一般标本都可以不进行肉眼观察。
0.2.11 利用组织细胞化学方法可以了解组织或细胞内一些化学成分的状况。
0.2.12 器官病理学的创始人是Virchow。
0.2.13 细胞病理学家认为细胞是生物体最基本的活动单位。
病理小测6.9 第四次双语
1. One of the following statements about acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis is INCORRECT?a. usually associated with high complement levelsb. it is a disease of the kidney caused by circulating immune complex deposition inglomerular capillary wall and mesangiumc. sometimes secondary to acute bacterial endocarditisd. it is sometimes seen in patients with a recent history of Strep throate. associated with latent period between infection and glomerulonephritisequals time required to develop antibody response2. Each of the following diseases is a common cause of chronic renal insufficiency,EXCEPT:a. diabetes mellitusb. hypertensionc. minimal change diseased. immune complex mediated glomerulonephritise. interstitial nephritis3. One of the following statements about the pathogenesis of minimal change disease is NOT true:a. characterized by diffuse epithelial cell injury process (effacement of foot processes)b. is self-limiting and reversible in most instances.c. minimal change disease cause nephrotic sysdrome..d. always is secondary to an immune complex deposition process.e. is associated with good progression in young children.4. Continued and progressive inflammatory disease of the nephron that impairs its function andwhich in some patients can lead to extensive scarring of the kidney is calleda. acute glomerulonephritisb. interstitial nephritisc. interstitial tubular necrosisd. chronic glomerulonephritise. nephrotic syndrome5.. Circulating immune complexes that deposit in the kidney most frequently result inwhich one of the following pathologic processes?a. glomerulosclerosisb. glomerulonephritisc. acute interstitial nephritisd. pyelonephritise. interstitial fibrosis6. All of the following are potential complications of diabetes mellitus, except:a. Impaired immunity and wound healing.b. Pulmonary infarction.c. Retinopathy.d. End stage renal disease.e. Myocardial infarction7. The presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on biopsy is most strongly associated with:A. Herpes simplex virus infectionB Epstein-Barr virus infectionC HLA DR5D Human papillomavirus infectionE Previous pregnancy8 A microscopic section from a cervical biopsy in a 38-year-old woman shows dysplasia involving the full thickness of the epithelium. Your diagnosis is:A Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade IIIB Severe chronic cervicitis with Herpes simplexC Previous diethylstilbesterol (DES) exposureD Endocervical adenocarcinomaE Extramammary Paget's disease9 The skin overlying the right breast of a 61 year old female is indurated, roughened, and reddish-orange. There is nipple retraction. Mammography reveals a 2 cm mass with microcalcifications. The best diagnosis is:A Lobular carcinoma in situB Intraductal carcinomaC Phyllodes tumorD Infiltrating ductal carcinomaE Sclerosing adenosis10 A 32-year-old pregnant female was large for dates, had no fetal heart tones audible at 18 weeks, and an ultrasound revealed no fetus, only many echogenic cystic areas within the uterus. You should suspect:A Ectopic pregnancyB Partial hydatidiform moleC Endometrial carcinomaD Mature cystic teratomaE Complete hydatidiform mole。
病理学 名解 英文 大题
9．Gangrene 坏疽：继发有腐败菌感染的大块组织坏死，分为干性、湿性、气性坏疽，前两者多继发于血液循环障碍而引发的坏死。坏疽常发生于肢体或与外界相通的内脏。
14．Granulation tissue肉芽组织：由新生薄壁的毛细血管以及增生的纤维母细胞构成，并伴有炎性细胞浸润，肉眼表现为鲜红色颗粒状，柔软湿润，形似鲜嫩的肉芽故而得名。
28．Borderline tumor交界性肿瘤：良性肿瘤与恶性肿瘤间有时并无绝对界限，有些肿瘤的组织形态介于二者之间，称为交界性瘤. 42．Bridging necrosis桥接坏死：导致相邻肝小叶的干细胞坏死，形成汇管区和汇管区、汇管区和小叶中心之间的坏死。
8．Coagulative necrosis凝固性坏死：指坏死组织尚保留原组织的细胞轮廓，呈灰白干燥凝固状
38．Chemotaxis 趋化：白细胞沿浓度梯度向化学刺激物做定向移动的现象，化学刺激物称趋化因子。44．Cirrhosis 肝硬化：①各种原因引起的肝细胞变性坏死及炎细胞浸润；②纤维组织增生；③肝细胞结节状再生，并形成假小叶，主要表现为肝功能损伤和门静脉高压。 11．Degeneration变性：各种细胞损伤的早期改变为ATP减少、细胞膜完整性缺失、蛋白合成下降、细胞骨架损伤和DNA损伤。在一定限度内损伤的改变为可逆的，传统形态学上称变性
15．Granulom 肉芽肿：是由巨噬细胞及其衍生细胞局部增生构成的境界清楚的结节状病灶。
4．Hypertrophy肥大：细胞体积的增大（组织器官的肥大通常是由于实质细胞肥大所致）
5．Hyperplasia增生：器官或组织的实质细胞数目增多。
病理英语复习题
病理英语复习题病理学高级教程复习提纲Pathological test (7、8)I. A type questionDirections: Each question below contains five suggested answers. Choose the one best response to each question.1. Which one of the listed statements is the best histologic definition of an abscess?a. A circumscribed collection of neutrophils with necrotic cellular debrisb. A localizes defect that results from the sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue from thesurface of an organc. A localized proliferation of fibroblasts and small blood vesselsd. An aggregate of two or more activated macrophagee.The excessive secretion of mucus from a mucosal surface2. Which one of the listed statements best describes the process called chemotaxis?a.Abnormal fusion of phagosomes to primary lysosomesb.Attachment of chemicals to extracellular material to increase phagocytosisc.Dilation of blood vessels by chemotherapeutic drugsd.Movement of cells toward a certain site or sourcee.Transmigration of cells from blood vessels into tissue3. The cardinal sign of inflammation called rubor is mainly the result ofa.Decreased interstitial hydrostatic pressureb.Decreased vascular permeability of capillariesc.Increased vascular permeability of venulesd.Vasoconstriction of muscular arteriese.Vasodilation of arterioles4. During the early stages of the inflammatory response, histamine-induced increased vascularpermeability is most likely to occur ina.Arteriesb.Precapillary arteriolesc.Capillariesd.Postcapillary venulese.Veins (answer: d)5. During acute inflammation, histamine-induced increased vascular permeability causes the formationof exudates (inflammatory edema). Which one of the listed cell types is the most likely source of the histamine ?a.Endothelial cellsb.Fibroblastsc.Lymphocytesd.Mast cellse.Neutrophils6. Histologic sections of lung tissue from a 68-year-old female with congestive heart failure andprogressive breathing problems reveal numerous hemosiderin-laden cells within the alveoli. Theses “heart failure cells” originate from alveolara.Endothelial cellsb.Eosinophilsc.Lymphocytesd.Macrophagese.Pneumocytes7. By definition, granulomas are composed ofa.Chronic abscessb.Collagenc.Endothelial cells and fibroblastsd.Macrophages or epithelioid cellse.Hemosiderin-laden macrophages8. Which one of the listed changes correctly describes the pathophysiology involved in the productionof pulmonary edema in patients with congestive heart failure?a.Decreased plasma oncotic pressureb.Endothelial damagec.Increased hydrostatic pressured.Increased vascular permeabilitye.Lymphatic obstruction (answer: c)9. A postmortem clot is most likely toa.Grossly display features of recanalizationb.Grossly have lines of Zahnc.Grossly have the appearance of “chicken fat” overlying ‘currant jelly”d.Microscopically appear attached to the wall of the blood vessele.Microscopically have alternating layers of cells and platelets10. What is the most common site of origin of thrombotic pulmonary emboli?a.Deep leg veinsb.Lumen of left ventriclec.Lumen of right ventricled.Mesenteric veinse.Superficial leg veins11. The most serious common complication of lower extremity thrombophlebitis isa.Cerebral infarctionb.Kidney infarctionc.Myocardial infarctiond.Pulmonary infarctione.Intestinal infarction12. What is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?a.Pneumoconiosisb.Pneumoniac.Intestitial lung diseasesd.Chronic bronchitise.Pulmonary tuberculosis13. Of the tumors of the liver listed below, which is the most common?a.Hepatocellular carcinomab.Angiosarcomac.Cholangiocarcinomad.Hamartomae.Hemangioma14. Which of the following is the most common type of breast carcinoma?a.Intraductalb.Medullaryc.Papillaryd.Mucinouse.Infiltrating ductal15. Fluid that collects during acute inflammation and that has a protein content in excess of 3.0g/dland a specific gravity over 1.015 is termeda.Exudateb.Transudatec.Coagulationd.Lymphokinee. Hemorrhage16. The most important prognostic factor for human cancer is thea.Gradeb.Stagec.Lymphocytic infiltrationd.Vascular invasione.Mitotic index17. The classic lesion of rheumatic heart disease isa.Mallory’s bodyb.Aschoff bodyc.Psammoma bodyd.Negri bodye.Anitschkow’s myocyte18. Which of the following infections is often the cause of interstitial pneumonia?a.Gram-positive bacterialb.Gram-negative bacterialc.Virald.Fungale.Parasitic19. Gastric carcinoma is most common in which one of the listed site locationsa.pyloric antrumb.pyloric antrum and lesser curvaturec.lesser curvatured.greater curvaturee.fundue20. Which of the flowing sites is the most common of chronic gastric ulcer?a. pyloric antrumb.pyloric antrum and lesser curvaturec.lesser curvatured.greater curvaturee. fundue21. Which one of the listed is the most common complication of chronic peptic ulcer?a.hemorrhageb.perforationc.pyloric stenosisd.malignant transformatione.hypertrophic gastritis22. The most serious complication of chronic peptic ulcer isa. hemorrhageb.perforationc.pyloric stenosisd.malignant transformatione.hypertrophic gastritis23. Which one of the listed is the most common pathological typr of early gastric carcinoma?a.protruded type, I typeb.supperficial elevated type, IIa typec.superficial flat type, IIb typed.superficial depressed type, IIc typee.excavated type, III type24. A factor that stimulates the proliferation of smooth-muscle cells and also relates to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis isa.Platelet-derived growth factorb.Transforming growth factor βc.Interleukin 1d.Interferon αe.Tumor necrosis factor ( The answer is a )25. The most characteristic and frequent feature of chronic rheumatic heart disease is the developmentofa.Vegetations on the endocardiumb.Ashoff bodies within the myocardiumc.Fibrin deposits within the pericardiumd.Stenosis of the mitral valvee.Incompetence of the pulmonic valve26. Histological sections (routine H&E stain) of lung reveal the alveoli to be filled with pale,nongranular pink fluid. Neither leukocytes nor erythrocytes are present within this fluid. What is the most likely (i.e., most common) cause of this abnormality?a.Bacterial pneumoniab.Congestive heart failurec.Lymphatic obstruction by tumord.Pulmonary emboluse.Viral pneumonia27. The Astler-Coller modification of the Duckes classification is used to classify cancers of thea.Colonb.Liverc.Lungd.Pancrease.Stomach28. Familial polyposis coli is characterized bya.Autosomal recessive pattern of inheritanceb.Mutiple hamartomatous polyps throughout the colonc.100% risk of carcinomad.An association with fibromatosis and mutiple osteomase.An association with tumors of the central nervous system ( The answer is c )29. Which of the listed types of cells found within the liver is the major source of the excess collagendeposited in cirrhosis?a.Hepatocytesb.Kupffer cellsc.Ito cells (hepatic stellate cells )d.Endothelial cellse.Bile duct epithelial cells ( The answer is c )30. What is the most likely cause of the combination of generalized edema, hypoalbuminemiahypercholesterolemia, marked proteinuria, and fatty casts and fat bodies in the urine?a.Nephritic syndromeb.Nephrotic syndromec.Acute renal failured.Renal tubular defecte.Urinary tract infection31. Which one of the listed hepatic diseases has the greatest risk of developing into hepatocellularcarcinoma ?a. hepatic steatosis (fatty liver)b.portal cirrhosisc.postnecrotic cirrhosisd.biliary cirrhosise.congestive liver cirrhosis32. Of the lung tumors listed below, which type belongs to the APUD group of tumors?a.Hamartomab.Mucoepidermoid carcinomac.Adenoid cystic carcinomad.Bronchial carcinoide.Squamons cell carcinoma33. What is the name that is given to the hyaline masses that are often seen in the cytoplasm ofhepatocytes in patients with alcoholic hepatitis?a.Councilman bodies ( acidophilic bodies )b.Negri bodiesc.Mallory’s bodiesd.Russel’s bodiese.Residual bodies34. Lipoid nephrosis of the kidneys characteristically produces changes that may be observed byelectron microscope (EM) in which of the following renal glomerular elements?a.Endothelial cellsb.Epithelial cellsc.Mesangiumd.Blood vesselse.Basement membrane ( The answer is b )35. Which of the following tumor markers has been associated with the hepatocellular carcinoma?a.CEAb.AFPc.Prostae-specific antigend.Tyrosine enzymee.Thyroglibulin antigen36. Of the tumors listed below, which is benign tumor?a.Leukemiab.Melanomac.Teratomad.Embryonic tumor of kidneye.True aneurysm37. The most common cause of liver cirrhosis in China isa.Drug-induced hepatitisb.Toxin-induced hepatitisc.Alcoholic hepatitisd.Viral hepatitise.Autoimmune hepatitis38. Complications of lobar pneumonia include each of the following conditions EXCEPTa.Pulmonary carnificationb.Purulent pleurisyc.Pulmonary abscessd.Septic shock ( infective shock )e.Bronchiectasis39.Which one of the following definitions is correct?a.Dysplasia is achange from one type ofdifferentiated tissue to anotherb.Anaplasia is an almost complete lack of differentiationc.Carcinoma is a tumour of epithelial derivationd.Metaplasia is the disordered development of cells with loss of organizatione.Carcionma in situ is a carcinoma with stromal invasion40. Which one of the following statements is correct:?a. Adenoma is a malignant tumour of glandular epitheliumb.Sarcoma is a benigh tumour of connective tissuec.Liposarcoma is a malignant tumour of adipose tissued.Aneurysm is a benign tumour of arterye.Lymphoma is a benign tumour of lymphoid cells41.Which noe of the listed statements of common features of benign tumours is correct?a.Invasion of surrounding stromal tissueb.Cells of uniform size and appearancec.Many mitotic figuresd.Ill-defined borderse.Close resemblance to the original tissue42.Which one of the following inflammatory processes often contain granulomas EXCEPTa.Tuberculosisb.Typhoid feverc.Ulcerative colitisd.Syphilise.Rheumatic myocarditis43.Which one of the following statements about acute inflammation is correcy?a.The predominant cell type is the neutrophil polymorphb.The inflammation is usually initiated by cell-mediated immunityc.The duration may be for monthsd.Plasma cells are frequently presente.Lymphocytes are present at the start of the process44. Benign hypertension is characterized by：a．Fibrinoid necrosis of arteriolesb．Atrophy of the muscular media of the arteriesc．Fibroelastic thickening of whole arteriole wallsd．Hyaline deposition in arteriole wallse．Sudden and severe increase in blood pressure45．Mitral valve incompetence may be caused by：a．Right ventricular dilatationb．Infective endocarditisc．Bacterial myocarditisd．Chronic cor pulmonalee．Senile calcification46．Rheumatic fever：a．is due to staphylococcal infectionb．is due to a type IV hypersensitivity reactionc．is characterized by Aschoff nodules in the myocardiumd．is becoming more common in Europee．may produce concentric hypertrophy47．Which one of the following statements about pulmonary tuberculosis is correct: EXCEPT a．Is most commonly due to Mycobacterium tuberculosisb．Is caused by direct cytopathic effects of the infecting organismc．Has a positive association with silicosisd．Is a common cause of death in AIDSe．Is characterized histologically by granulomas48．Which one of the following statements about lung carcinoma is correct: EXCEPTa．Is most commonly of adenomatous differentiationb．Has a positive association with cigarette smokingc．Has a positive association with asbestos exposured．Has rarely hematogeneous metastasized to livere．Is the most common cause of death from neoplasia in the China49．Pulmonary embolism：a．may be caused by pale thromboembolismb．is rarely caused by thromboembolism from the leg veinsc．usually causes pulmonary infarctiond．rarely causes pulmonary hypertensione．may be caused by mixted thromboembolism50．Gastric carcinoma：a．is usually of squamous cell typeb．is commoner in females than malesc．occurs most commonly in the body of the stomachd．is commoner in Europe than Chinae．has a positive association with dysplasia of gastric mucosa51．Which one of the following statements about portal hypertension is correct: EXCEPT：a．may be caused by hepatic cirrhosisb．may be caused by portal vein thrombosisc．may be caused by hepatic vein thrombosisd．is not associated with ascitese．is associated with oesophageal varices52．Hepatocellular carcinoma：a．has a negative association with non-virus cirrhosisb．has a positive association with hepatitis Ac．is commoner in males than femalesd．has a median survival of 3 years following diagnosise．usually arises from bile duct epithelium53．Colorectal carcinoma：a．has a high incidence in Chinab．has a positive association with familial adenomatous polyposisc．is usually of squamous differentiationd．is graded by Dukes’systeme．is incurable if it has metastasized to the liver54．Which one of the following statements about carcinoma of the uterine cervix is correct: EXCEPT a．is usually of adenomatous differentiationb．is often preceded by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN）c．has a positive association with some serotypes of HPVd．has a positive association with cigarette smokinge．has a positive association with HIV infection55．Which one of the following statements about the human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）-1 is correct: EXCEPTa．is a DNA virusb．requires reverse transcriptase from the host cell to replicatec．binds to CD4 lymphocytesd．is associated with Pneumocytis carinii infection of lunge．is associated with toxoplasma infection of brain56. Which one of the listed lesion is tumour?a.Granulomab.Hematomac.Atheromad.Papillomae.Tuberculoma57. Of the lesions listed below, which one is in accord with the feature of malignant tumor?a.Anaplasiab.Aplasiac.Hyperplasiad.Hypoplasiae.MetaplasiaII. Term StatementAbscessAcute nephritic syndromeApoptotic bodiesAschoff bodyAtrophyAtypiaBecteremiaCarcinoma in situCarcinoma simplexCervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN Chronic nephritic syndromeConcentric hypertrophyCor villosumDegenerationDirect spreadDisplasia, atypical hyperplasia Dystrophic calcificationEmbolismEosinophilic abscessFatty liverFatty infiltrationFistulaGangreneGranulation tissueGranulomatous inflammationGummaHealing by first intentionHeart failure cellsHeterogeneityHyperplasia and hypertrophy Krukenberg’s tumorLeukoplakiaLipofuscinMetaplasiaMetastasisNecrosisNephritic syndromeneruonophagiaNutmeg liverOrganizationPiecemeal necrosisPipe stem cirrhosisPrecancerous lesionsPrimary complexProgressionPseudomembranous inflammation PseudolobulePulmonary brown indurationPyemiasatellitosisSepticemiaSinusSubendocardial myocardial infarction ThrombosisTransmural myocardial infarction TubercleTyphoid cell。
病理学英文试题Quiz one
Quiz oneEach question below contains five suggested choices. Choose the ONE BEST choice to each question. Ten points for each, 100 points in total.1. A 50-year old man has blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg（normal blood pressure is 120/90 mm Hg）. If this person remains untreated for years, which of the following cellular alterations will be seen in the myocardium(心肌)A. atrophyB. metaplasiaC. hypertrophyD. dysplasiaE. necrosis2. which of the following is the hallmark of wound healing:A. granulation tissue growthB. hypertrophyC. inflammationD. hyperemiaE. edemaof the following implies preservation of the basic outline of the involved cell for a span of at least some daysA. Coagulative necrosisnecrosisC. Caseous necrosisD. Fat necrosisE. Gangrenous necrosisof the following has a cheesy, yellow-white appearance at the area of necrosis and is encountered most often in foci of tuberculous infectionnecrosisnecrosisC. Caseous necrosisD. Fat necrosisE. Gangrenous necrosisof the following is NOT capable of regenerationA. Epithelial tissueB. MyocardiumC. SkinE. Kidneydeep vein thrombosis (DVT) causes edema by what mechanismB. Lymphatic obstructionplasma colloid osmotic pressureD. Sodium retentionhydrostatic pressure(arterial) emboli commonly arise from ____ and most commonly lodge in the lower limbs and sometimes the brain.mural(心壁) thrombivalvular（心瓣膜）thrombivein thrombiD. Renal thrombiE. Hepatic thrombi23-year old medical student develops a “red” face a fter being asked a question during a lecture. Which of the following statements best describes the vascular reactionA. active hyperemiaB. petechial hemorrhageC. allergic reactionD. passive congestionE. edema70 year old male after spending a month in the hospital confined to a wheel chair due to arthritis , suddenly experiences difficulty of breathing after walking on his own. What is the most likely diagnosisA. Pulmonary embolismB. Old ageC. Sepsis(脓毒血症)D. Brochopneumonia （支气管肺炎）E. Heart failurearterial thromboemboli is most likely to cause a hemorrhagic infarct in which of the following organA. KidneyB. SpleenC. LungD. BoneE. HeartA 45-year-old man died from encephalopathy. At autopsy, his liver is found to be enlarged, and the microscopic appearance is shown here. Which of the following etiologic factors most likely led to these findingsA. nerosis。
病理生理双语教学试卷-附答案
1.the concept of diseaseDisease is defined as an abnormal process of life activity , caused by the disturbance of homeostasis , under the action of certain cause and condition. with disturbances of function, metabolism and structure , which are manifested by a series of symptoms and signs.2.the concept of brain deathThe criteria of brain death:1) Irreversible coma (cerebral unresponsivity)2) Absence of cephalic reflexes and dilated pupils3) Absence of vital functions (spontaneous respiration)3.classification of disorder of water and sodiumDisorders of water and sodium metabolism are the most common disorders of water and electrolyte, which may lead to alteration of fluid volume and osmolality. The volume alteration mainly influence the ECF. However, the osmolality change may lead to water shift between ECF and ICF causing cell swelling or shrink.ECF deficit is caused by sodium and water lost together in the proportion same as in plasma. It may lost from kidney or out of kidney. Mild decrease of fluid can compensated by sympathetic excitation, while sever decrease may lead to blood redistribution. Treatment should be aimed to restore normal blood volume, treat complication and primary diseases.ECF excess is caused by salt and water retain together in the proportion same as in plasma. Retaining in the blood vessels is called hypervolemia, while edema refers to an excessive fluid in the interstitial space or cavities.The pathogenesis of edema: 1) abnormal exchange between intra- and extra-body fluid (sodium and water retention, caused by decreased GFR, increased reabsorption in proximal tubules, distal and collecting tubules, redistribution of renal blood flow 2)abnormal exchange between intra- and extra-vascular fluid (increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure, increased capillary permeability and obstruction of lymphatic flow) The normal range of serum Na+ is 130~150mmol/L.Serum Na+ <130 mmol/L is called hyponatremia. Its etiology include water excess and sodium loss. No evident effects in mild hyponatremia, while sever hyponatremia (<120mmol/L) may lead to brain cell edema and CNS symptoms.Serum Na+ >150 mmol/L is called hypernatremia that is always accompanied by increased osmolality and water transfer from ICF to ECF, leading to cell shrink. Its pathogenesis include water loss > sodium loss or sodium ingestion > water ingestion. The main clinical manifestation are thirst, CNS dysfunction, urine volume ↓ and gravity ↑4.concept of hypoxia;function and metabolic changes in hypoxiaConcept :Insufficient oxygen at cell level, Short supply or trouble in O2 utilization. hypoxia ≠hypoxemiaFunctional and Metabolic changes in hypoxia take Hypotonic hypoxia as example1）Respiratory system(1). Pa O2<8kPa (60mmHg): ventilation ↑Pa O2<4kPa (30mmHg): respiratory center(2) 2. Pulmonary edemaacute hypotonic hypoxia,acute altitude disease……plmonary hypertension,pulmonary capillary permeability↑2）ciculatory system1). in mild, moderate hypoxiaCompensation primarilya) CO↑, HR↑Myocardial contractility↑Return flow↑b) Redistribution of blood flowHeart ,brain: vital organs —vasodilationPeripheral and visceral: vasoconstrictionc) Pulmonary: vasoconstriction3) Hemic systemRBC↑: erythropoietin↑2,3-DPG↑→righ-shift of O2-Hbdissociation curveO2 ↓→reduced Hb↑→2,3-DPG- Hb↑→free 2,3-DPG↓→production of 2,3-DPG↑O2 ↓→alkalosis →anaerobic glycolysis ↑→2,3-DPG↑2,3-DPG↑combine with Hb →the affinity of Hb with O2 ↓Acidic 2,3-DPG→the affinity of Hb with O2 ↓2,3-DPG↑→righ-shift of O2-Hb dissociation curve4) Cells and tissures alterationAnaerobic glycolysisIn chronic case:mitochondria↑respiratory enzyme↑myoglobin↑capillary proliferationin severe hypoxia:cell injurycell membrane injurymitochondria injurylysosome injury5) CNSMost susceptible organ to hypoxiaBrain : 2% of body weight accounts for 23% of total O2 consumptionFunctional alterations to structure injury5.stages and characteristics of fever1). The feverscence period (several minutes to days)Upward shift of temperature Set-point⇒ central T<set-point ⇒ T-raising reaction heat-production↑: ①Rigor- tenseness of skeletal muscle↑,periodic constriction②Fat degradation rapidly in brownadipose tissue③Metabolic rate↑heat-scattering↓: vasoconstriction of skin (pallor and chill)2). The persistent febrile period (several hours to weeks)Central temperature meet or mildly exceed the set pointT-raising reaction stopped,heat-scattering begins, ↘Vasodilation of skin (redness and dry)heat-production and heat-scattering ↗blood-T and skin-T↑(feeling hot)keep balance at higher level3). The defeverscence period (several hours to days)Pyrogenic activator endogenous pyrogen to be controlled or cleared↓normal set point to be recovered↓central T>set-point↓Heat-production↓, heat-scattering↑↓further vasodilation and sweating (red and wet of s kin)boratory parametes of acid-base balanceAcid-base balance Parameters7.concept and effect of hypotonic dehydration,hypetonic dehydration and isosmotic dehydration 1.hypotonic dehydration:hyponatremia with volume loss* Sodium loss>H2O loss* [Na+]<130mmol/L* Osmotic pressure <280mOsm/Leffecta) Alteration of body fluid volumeb) Due to hypotonicThirsty---not obviousADH---inhibited in early stageUrine volume-may not decrease in early stagec) Due to sodium deficitUrine sodium ↓except the ones originated from renal causes.Weakness, apathy, headache, cramps.....2.hypertonic dehydration:hypernatremia with volume lossH2O loss >sodium loss[Na+]>150mmol/Losmotic pressure >310mOsm/LEffects:a) Alteration of body fluid volumeMajor loss of fluid: in ICFPlasma volume: recruitment from ICF-maintaining circulation.Dehydration of brain cell: Irritability↑, lethargy, coma, intracranial bleeding......b) due to osmotic pressure↑Heavy thirstyOliguria: ADH↑except the pituitary diabetes insipidus.3.isosmotic dehydration:dehydration with normal plasma [Na+]water loss & sodium loss in appropriate ratioserum [Na+]: 130~150mmol/Losmotic pressure: 280~310mOsm/LEffects:a) Alteration of body fluidMajor loss of fluid: in ECFInadequate blood volume,skin dehydration--loss of skin turgor ; ……b) Thirsty, Oliguria8.concept of shock and its clinical symptomsConcept of shock:simple put : It is an upheaval of the very fiber of life.formal : Acute circulatory failure lead tissue perfusion reduced greatly, severe dysfunction of vital organs, cell damage and eventually death.。
病理学英文试题Quizone
Quiz oneEach question below contains five suggested choices. Choose the ONE BEST choice to each question. Ten points for each, 100 points in total. 1. A 50-year old man has blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg（normal blood pressure is 120/90 mm Hg）. If this person remains untreated for years, which of the following cellular alterations will be seen in the myocardium(心肌)?A. atrophyB. metaplasiaC. hypertrophyD. dysplasiaE. necrosis2. which of the following is the hallmark of wound healing:A. granulation tissue growthB. hypertrophyC. inflammationD. hyperemiaE. edema3.Which of the following implies preservation of the basic outline of the involved cell for a span of at least some days?A. Coagulative necrosisB.Liquefactive necrosisC. Caseous necrosisD. Fat necrosisE. Gangrenous necrosis4.Which of the following has a cheesy, yellow-white appearance at the area of necrosis and is encountered most often in foci of tuberculous infection?A.Coagulative necrosisB.Liquefactive necrosisC. Caseous necrosisD. Fat necrosisE. Gangrenous necrosis5.Which of the following is NOT capable of regeneration?A. Epithelial tissueB. MyocardiumC. SkinD.LiverE. Kidney6.A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) causes edema by what mechanism?A.InflammationB. Lymphatic obstructionC.Reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressureD. Sodium retentionE.Increased hydrostatic pressure7.Systemic (arterial) emboli commonly arise from ____ and most commonly lodge in the lower limbs and sometimes the brain.A.Cardiac mural(心壁) thrombiB.Cardiac valvular（心瓣膜） thrombiC.Deep vein thrombiD. Renal thrombiE. Hepatic thrombi8.A 23-year old medical student develops a “red” face after being asked a question during a lecture. Which of the following statements best describes the vascular reaction?A. active hyperemiaB. petechial hemorrhageC. allergic reactionD. passive congestionE. edema9.A 70 year old male after spending a month in the hospital confined toa wheel chair due to arthritis , suddenly experiences difficulty of breathing after walking on his own. What is the most likely diagnosis?A. Pulmonary embolismB. Old ageC. Sepsis(脓毒血症)D. Brochopneumonia （支气管肺炎）E. Heart failure10.An arterial thromboemboli is most likely to cause a hemorrhagic infarct in which of the following organ ?A. KidneyB. SpleenC. LungD. BoneE. HeartA 45-year-old man died from encephalopathy. At autopsy, his liver is found to be enlarged, and the microscopic appearance is shown here. Which of the following etiologic factors most likely led to these findings?A. nerosisB.alcoholismC.traumaD.thrombosisE.congestion（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。
检体诊断英语试题及答案
检体诊断英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a common symptom of respiratory diseases?A. CoughB. DiarrheaC. HeadacheD. Fatigue2. The term "auscultation" refers to:A. Listening to the heart and lungsB. Feeling the pulseC. Observing the skinD. Checking the blood pressure3. What is the purpose of percussion in physical examination?A. To assess the size of organsB. To determine the presence of fluidC. To evaluate the function of jointsD. To examine the nervous system4. Which of the following is not a vital sign?A. TemperatureB. PulseC. RespirationD. Blood type5. In the context of physical examination, what does BP standfor?A. Blood PressureB. Blood PlateletsC. Blood ProteinD. Blood Purification6. What is the normal range for adult respiratory rate?A. 12-20 breaths per minuteB. 60-100 beats per minuteC. 15-25 breaths per minuteD. 80-120 beats per minute7. The abdomen is examined for:A. Heart soundsB. Liver sizeC. Lung capacityD. Kidney function8. Which of the following is a method to assess the integrity of the nervous system?A. PalpationB. PercussionC. AuscultationD. Neurological examination9. What does the acronym ROM stand for?A. Range of MotionB. Rate of MetabolismC. Resting Oxygen MeasureD. Rapid Oxygen Monitoring10. Which of the following is not a method of physical examination?A. InspectionB. PalpationC. PercussionD. Electrocardiogram二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The normal body temperature is approximately ______ degrees Celsius.12. The ______ is a procedure used to assess the function of the heart and lungs.13. The ______ is the examination of the abdomen to detect abnormalities.14. A ______ is a common method to check the size and consistency of the liver.15. The ______ is the measurement of the blood pressure.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）16. Explain the difference between inspection and palpation in physical examination.17. Describe the significance of a normal blood pressure reading.18. What are the common findings during a neurological examination?19. Discuss the importance of a thorough physical examination in diagnosing diseases.四、案例分析题（每题15分，共30分）20. A patient presents with a persistent cough, shortness of breath, and a fever. What steps would you take in thephysical examination to determine the cause?21. A patient complains of abdominal pain. How would you approach the abdominal examination to identify the source of the pain?五、论述题（共20分）22. Discuss the role of a physical examination in the overall assessment of a patient's health. Include the limitations and benefits of this method.答案：一、选择题1-5: A A B D A6-10: C B B A D二、填空题11. 36.512. Auscultation13. Abdominal palpation14. Percussion15. Sphygmomanometer三、简答题16. Inspection involves visually examining the patient, while palpation involves physically feeling the body for abnormalities.17. A normal blood pressure reading indicates that the heart is functioning properly and that the arteries are not under excessive pressure.18. Common findings during a neurological examination include assessing reflexes, muscle strength, and sensory responses.19. A thorough physical examination is crucial foridentifying signs and symptoms of diseases, guiding further diagnostic tests, and monitoring the progression of a disease.四、案例分析题20. The steps would include auscultation to listen for abnormal lung sounds, percussion to assess lung expansion,and palpation to feel for any tenderness or consolidation. 21. The approach would involve inspecting for any visiblesigns of distress, palpation to assess for tenderness or organomegaly, and auscultation to listen for bowel sounds.五、论述题22. [Answer will vary based on the examinee's understanding and ability to discuss the topic comprehensively.]。
病理学英文试题quizone
Quiz oneEach question below contains five suggested choices. Choose the ONE BEST choice to each question. Ten points for each, 100 points in total.1. A 50-year old man has blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg（normal blood pressure is 120/90 mm Hg）. If this person remains untreated for years, which of the following cellular alterations will be seen in the myocardium(心肌)A. atrophyB. metaplasiaC. hypertrophyD. dysplasiaE. necrosis2. which of the following is the hallmark of wound healing:A. granulation tissue growthB. hypertrophyC. inflammationD. hyperemiaE. edemaof the following implies preservation of the basic outline of the involved cell for a span of at least some daysA. Coagulative necrosisnecrosisC. Caseous necrosisD. Fat necrosisE. Gangrenous necrosisof the following has a cheesy, yellow-white appearance at the area of necrosis and is encountered most often in foci of tuberculous infectionnecrosisnecrosisC. Caseous necrosisD. Fat necrosisE. Gangrenous necrosisof the following is NOT capable of regenerationA. Epithelial tissueB. MyocardiumC. SkinE. Kidneydeep vein thrombosis (DVT) causes edema by what mechanismB. Lymphatic obstructionplasma colloid osmotic pressureD. Sodium retentionhydrostatic pressure(arterial) emboli commonly arise from ____ and most commonly lodge in the lower limbs and sometimes the brain.mural(心壁) thrombivalvular（心瓣膜） thrombivein thrombiD. Renal thrombiE. Hepatic thrombi23-year old medical student develops a “red” face a fter being asked a question during a lecture. Which of the following statements best describes the vascular reactionA. active hyperemiaB. petechial hemorrhageC. allergic reactionD. passive congestionE. edema70 year old male after spending a month in the hospital confined to a wheel chair due to arthritis , suddenly experiences difficulty of breathing after walking on his own. What is the most likely diagnosisA. Pulmonary embolismB. Old ageC. Sepsis(脓毒血症)D. Brochopneumonia （支气管肺炎）E. Heart failurearterial thromboemboli is most likely to cause a hemorrhagic infarct in which of the following organA. KidneyB. SpleenC. LungD. BoneE. HeartA 45-year-old man died from encephalopathy. At autopsy, his liver is found to be enlarged, and the microscopic appearance is shown here. Which of the following etiologic factors most likely led to these findingsA. nerosis。
西医综合-病理学-1模拟题
西医综合-病理学-1一、Section Ⅰ Use of English(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A new study finds that blacks on death row (1) of killing whites are more likely to be executed than whites who kill minorities. It also concludes that blacks who kill (2) minorities are (3) likely to be executed than blacks who kill whites. For example, there is more than a twofold greater risk that an African-American who killed a white will be executed than a white person who kills a (4) victim. A Hispanic is at least 1.4 (5) more likely to be executed (6) such an offender kills a white.The researchers of the study believe that there are two (7) explanations.. First, prosecutors often win (8) office if they win well-publicized cases. When a black kills a white, such killings gets more (9) and this idea can be (10) by many famous cases. (11) , the court judges at the state level are often (12) to elections, called retention elections. Retention election or judicial retention within the United States court system, is a periodic process, in which the voter (13) approval or disapproval for the judges presently (14) their position, and a judge can be removed from the position if the (15) of the citizens vote him or her out. Just as the researchers (16) out, death penalty is (17) political.The findings of the study, in short, show that American justice systems clearly (18) white lives more than those of blacks or Hispanics. The researchers also say their findings (19) serious doubts about (20) that the U.S. criminal justice system is colorblind.(1).[A] convicted [B] charged [C] believed [D] sentenced（分数：0.50）A. √B.C.D.[考点] 动词+介词搭配[解析] 空格处需要一个过去分词做后置定语修饰the blacks on death row。
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Quiz one
Each question below contains five suggested choices. Choose the ONE BEST choice to each question. Ten points for each, 100 points in total.
1. A 50-year old man has blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg（normal
blood pressure is 120/90 mm Hg）. If this person remains untreated for years, which of the following cellular alterations will be seen in the myocardium(心肌)?
A. atrophy
B. metaplasia
C. hypertrophy
D. dysplasia
E. necrosis
2. which of the following is the hallmark of wound healing:
A. granulation tissue growth
B. hypertrophy
C. inflammation
D. hyperemia
E. edema
3.Which of the following implies preservation of the basic outline of the involved cell for a span of at least some days?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B.Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
E. Gangrenous necrosis
4.Which of the following has a cheesy, yellow-white appearance at the area of necrosis and is encountered most often in foci of tuberculous infection?
A.Coagulative necrosis
B.Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
E. Gangrenous necrosis
5.Which of the following is NOT capable of regeneration?
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Myocardium
C. Skin
D.Liver
E. Kidney
6.A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) causes edema by what mechanism?
A.Inflammation
B. Lymphatic obstruction
C.Reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressure
D. Sodium retention
E.Increased hydrostatic pressure
7.Systemic (arterial) emboli commonly arise from ____ and most commonly lodge in the lower limbs and sometimes the brain.
A.Cardiac mural(心壁) thrombi
B.Cardiac valvular（心瓣膜）thrombi
C.Deep vein thrombi
D. Renal thrombi
E. Hepatic thrombi
8.A 23-year old medical student develops a “red” face after being asked a question during a lecture. Which of the following statements best describes the vascular reaction?
A. active hyperemia
B. petechial hemorrhage
C. allergic reaction
D. passive congestion
E. edema
9.A 70 year old male after spending a month in the hospital confined to a wheel chair due to arthritis , suddenly experiences difficulty of breathing after walking on his own. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Old age
C. Sepsis(脓毒血症)
D. Brochopneumonia （支气管肺炎）
E. Heart failure
10.An arterial thromboemboli is most likely to cause a hemorrhagic infarct in which of the following organ ?
A. Kidney
B. Spleen
C. Lung
D. Bone
E. Heart
A 45-year-old man died from encephalopathy. At autopsy, his liver is found to be enlarged, and the microscopic appearance is shown here. Which of the following etiologic factors most likely led to these findings?
A. nerosis
B.alcoholism
C.trauma
D.thrombosis
E.congestion。