托福阅读常用同意替换词
托福常用同义词总结
托福常用同义词总结以下是一些常用的托福同义词总结：1. important = significant, crucial, essential, vital, critical重要的2. improve = enhance, boost, refine, develop, upgrade改善、提高3. encourage = promote, motivate, inspire, stimulate鼓励、激励4. explore = investigate, examine, study, analyze探索、研究5. advantage = benefit, asset, strength, merit优势、好处6. disadvantage = drawback, drawback, weakness, flaw劣势、缺点7. argue = claim, assert, contend, state争论、主张8. solve = resolve, tackle, address, deal with解决9. discuss = debate, deliberate, consider, talk about讨论理解11. support = back, endorse, uphold, advocate支持12. oppose = disagree, object, dissent, resist反对13. benefit = advantage, gain, profit, benefit益处、利益14. disadvantage = drawback, downside, weakness, flaw劣势、缺点15. facilitate = enable, promote, assist, make easier促进、帮助16. impact = effect, influence, consequence, result影响、效果这些同义词的使用可以使你的写作和口语更加流畅，从而提高整体的语言表达能力。
雅思托福替换词大全
雅思托福替换词大全雅思和托福考试是世界上最受欢迎的英语语言能力考试之一。
在阅读和写作部分，考生经常需要使用替换词来提高语言的表达能力和丰富词汇量。
本文将为大家提供一份雅思托福替换词大全，帮助大家在考试中提高得分。
一、替换人称代词和名词1. he/she → the individual2. I → the writer/author3. you → the reader4. people → individuals/persons5. students → learners6. teachers → educators7. children → youngsters8. parents → guardians9. workers → employees10. government → authorities二、替换动词1. show → indicate/reveal2. say → mention/state3. think → believe/consider4. give → provide5. use → utilize6. help → assist7. make → create8. understand → comprehend9. improve → enhance10. learn → acquire三、替换形容词和副词1. good → excellent/outstanding2. bad → terrible/horrible3. important → significant4. interesting → fascinating5. difficult → challenging6. easy → simple7. big → substantial8. small → tiny9. beautiful → gorgeous10. quickly → rapidly四、替换连词和副词1. however → nevertheless/nonetheless2. because → due to/owing to3. but → yet/however4. and → in addition/furthermore5. so → therefore/consequently6. also → m oreover7. firstly/secondly → first/second8. then → next9. finally → lastly10. for example → for instance五、替换名词短语1. a lot of → a great deal of2. in conclusion → in summary3. in my opinion → from my perspective4. a long time ago → in the past5. a large number of → numerous6. on the other hand → conversely7. as a result → consequently8. at the present time → currently9. due to the fact → because10. in order to → to六、替换句型1. It is believed that → It is widely accepted that2. It is said that → According to3. In conclusion → To sum up4. It can be seen that → It is evident that5. It is clear that → There is no doubt that6. It is important to note that → It should be emphasized that7. It is necessary to → It is crucial to8. It is commonly tho ught that → It is generally acknowledged that9. It is worth mentioning that → It is worth noting that10. It is true that → Undoubtedly以上是一份雅思托福替换词大全，考生们可以根据自己的需要来选择适合的词汇替换。
托福阅读同义词替换
e n d u r in g =l a st in gp r e v a il in g =g e n e r a lly a c c e p te di n c r e d i b l e =im p os s ib l e to b e l ie veo b s o le te =ou t o f d a tes u it a b l e =a pp r o pr i a tea mb i t i ou s=im pr e ss iv e b u t d i ff ic u lt t o a c h ie vet a k e pr e c e d e n c e o ve r=h a v e g r e a te ri m p o r t an c e t h ans u r pl u s= e x c e ss q u an t it ye x hi b it s= d is p l ay se m b od y= in c or p o r ateu l ti m ate l y =e v e n tu all yv i r tu a ll y= N e ar l ys u s p e n d e d=f l o at in gr e p le n i s he d= r e s t or e dd r am at i c =st r ik in gd i st in c t i on= d i f fe r e n c er a pp o r t= b on dt h r i ll= e x c it e m e n tv i t a l it y= e n e r g ys pe c i f ie d= s t ate df o c u se d =c o n c e n tr a te di m m in e n t=ab ou t to h a p p e nr e fi n e m e n t= i m p r o ve m e n ts c at te r e d= w i d e ly se p a r at e ds pe c u l ate s=p u t s f or w a r d as a p o s si b il i ty t r e m e n d ou s= e n or m o u sh e n c e= t he r e f or ei m p l e m e n t =pu t i n t o e f fe c tp a r t i c u la r ly= e sp e c ial l ys c ar c e =s h or t in su pp l yp r in c i p a l l y = m a in l yc on tr o ve r s i a l =pr od u c in g d i s ag re e m e n t i n d u c e= c au se t hef or m at i on o ff u e l s =pr o v id e s e n e rg y f ori n e v it a b le= c e r t a in a c c o r d in g l y= c or r e s p o n d in g lyc lu s te r= g r o u pe n o r m ou s =hu g ep r e su m a b l y= i t is r e a s o n a b le to a s su m ep e r t in e n t =r e le v an ts u b d u e= d e f e atc o in c ide s w it h=oc c u r s at t he s am e t im e as j u s tif y= p r o v id e a r at i on a l b as i s f o rp r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e dh i e r a r c h ic a l =h a v in g s e ve r a l le ve ls o fa u t h or it yc on s ti tu e n t s= c om p on e n t se x c a v at e d= d u g fr om t he g r ou n dc h a r ac t e r is t ic= t y p i c a la l t e r at i on= m od i f ic at i onh e n c e f or t h =f r om t hi s t im e ono b l ig e d=fo r c e dl a u n c h e d= s t ar te de n su r e =g u ar an te ei n c i te d=st im u l a te ds u b s ta n t i a l =c on s i d e r a b leo u twe i g hs= e x c e e d sc o l le c t i ve =g r ou pe r e c t in g= c on st r u c t in gc on se q u e n t= r e su lt in gr e i n fo r c e s= su p p o r t sd e va s t ate= d e s tr o ys i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m eu n in te n t i on a l = u n p la n n e da l t e r n a te= t ak e tu r n s a tr e g im e s= g o ve r n m e n t sa s u r g e o f=a s u d d e n in c r e a se i ns yn t he s iz in g= c om b in in ge le v a te d= r a i se dI n e ss e n c e=B as ic a l lyf e a s ib le= p r a c t i c a ls c a le =s iz ea d v oc a te d =pr om o te df o s te r e d= e n c ou r ag e df r ig i d =c ol dd e t e c te d= d i sc o ve r e de x t e n s i ve=la r g ea c c o u n t s f or= e x p l ain sr e m n an ts= r e m ai n d e r sr e m ot e =i so l a te dc i te d= m e n t i on e da g g r e g at i on s =g r ou p sl a t e r a l =s id el i t t le s h or t o f m ir a c u lo u s=a m az in g b e c au se a lm os t im p os s i b l ed e s ig n at i on= i d e n t i fi c a ti onc h a o t ic =d is or g an ize dr e t a in s =pr e se r ve sc on s t an t= c on t in u a lc o a le sc ed =c o l l ide de m i t te d= r e le a se dd e fi n i n g= i d e n t i fy in gd o me s t ic=h ou s e ho lds w i ft=f as ts i g n i f ic an t = c o n s id e r a b lem o d e s t= r e l at i ve l y sm a l lc on se q u e n t ly= T h e r e f o r ec om p on e n t= p ar tr e m ar k a b le =e x tr a or d in a r yc on f in ed to=l im ite d t or e l e n t le s s = u n c e a si n gd i f fu s i on =sp re ada u t on om ou s =in d e p e n d e n to b l ig e d= r e q u ir e dv a s t=hu g ea p p r e c i ate d= a p p r o ve dv i c in it y= su r r ou n d in g a r e aa c c i d e n t a l=b yc ha n c em o d i f y= c h an g e d r as t ic a l ly= e x te n s i ve l yp r o h ib i t=p r e ve n tu l ti m ate l y =f in a l lyk e p t p ac e w it h=m a tc h e d t he in c r e a se in c a p ac it y=av a i l ab le st o r ag e s p a c ei n e v it a b le= u n a v o i d ab l es u r p as s =e x c e e dp o n d e r =t h ou g h t ab o u tf u n d am e n t a l =b as icm an d at e d= r e q u ir e dp r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e ds i g n i fy in g =in d i c at in gc e a sed =s to p pe dd i spe r se d= s c at te r e df u n c t i on= p u r p o sea l l e g e d =su p p o se dc on tr o ve r s i a l =de b a ta b lei n c on c l u s i ve= n ot d e c i si v ee l ab o r at e= w e ll d e ve l o p e dp i on e e r e d= in tr o d u c e ds u b se q u e n t =l a te rc om p r i se d= c on s is ted o fe n h a n c e d=im p r o ve dr e i n fo r c e=st r e n g t he np r o f ou n d=in te n seo b s o le te =ou t o f d a teo b sc u r e= l i t tl e k n ow na s s oc i a te s= c on n e c tse n c om p a s se s=in c lu d e ss t a t io n ar y= u n m ov in gh e n c e= t he r e f or ei r r e ve r s ib le= p e r m an e n tm on u m e n t al= e n o r m o u sm an i p u l ate=sk il l fu l ly u s e dp u r su e= p r e fe rs u b s is te n c e= su r vi v ale x p o se d= u n p r o te c te dw i t h n o w a r n i n g= w it h o u t an y in d ic a t i on b e f or e h an dc on g e st i on=ov e r c r o wd in ga l t e r e d =tr an s f or m e de m i t te d= r e le a se dr e t a r d in g= s l o wi n ga b u n d an t= p le n t i fu ls u s t a in= su pp o r tp i on e e r in g =or i g i n a ld i st in c t=se p a r a tee n a b li n g= a l l ow in gr e s tr ic te d =l im it e ds e ve r i ty=h ar s hn e ssc on g r e g at e =g at he rc on se q u e n t ly=As a r e su ltc om pr i se= c on si s t o fc on s ti tu e n t= c om p on e n tp r e d o m i n ate=ar e in t h e m aj or i tyg r ad u a l= s l owd i f fu se= s pre a dd i spe r se d= s c at te r e dd e fi c ie n c ie s= s h or t ag e se m e r g in g= a pp e ar in gB e si d e s =In ad d it i on t op r e oc c u p a t i on =c on c e r nc ou p led w it h= c om bine d w i t ha u t on om y=in d e pe n d e n c ec on s pi c u ou s= e a s il y n o ti c e de n d u r e =w i t h st an ds u r pl u s= e x t r at a sk= r e q u ir e m e n tu n f a v or a b le =d is a d va n t ag e ou st r ig g e r e d= in i t i ate ds e ve r e l y= g r e a t l yr e i n fo r c in g=st r e n g th e n in gl a u n c h e d= s t ar te dm e t h od i c a l l y =sy s te m a t ic a l a c c e le r a te= s p e e d u pi m p r o ve d= p e r fe c te dd e t e c t =se n sec on v in c i n g ly= p e r su a s i ve l ye lu s iv e =h a r d to i d e n t i fym a in te n an c e o f =su p p o r t in gi s o l a te d=se p a r ate d fr o m on e an o t he r o v e r w he lm e d =w as to o l a r g e f o rr e l a t i ve ly= c om p ar a ti v e lyp a r t i c u la r =sp e c i f ice x c lu si ve l y= o n l ya c c u m u l at in g =c ol le c t in gc ou n te r =c om b a tb r e ak t hr ou g h =d e ve lo p m e n ts o p h is t ic a te d=h ig h ly d e ve l o p e ds u r g e =su d d e n in c r e a s ep r op o r t i on s =s iz es u s t a in= su p p o r tp e r s is te n t =l a st in gp r om o te =e n c ou r a g ec on tr ad ic t o r y= c on f l i c t in gm an i fe s ta t i on s = e x p r e s s io n sc u m u l at i ve= c om b i n e da p p ar e n t= n o ti c e ab lec o r r e sp onde d= e q u al e dn or m =c o m m ona d j a c e n t =n e arb yi n te r v a ls= p e r i od ic a ll yd i sc re t e =se p a r at ep r o li f ic=h ig h l y p r o d u c t i ves p ar se r = m o r e t h in l y d i st r ib u te de p is od e s=oc c u r r e n c e sp r op on e n t s= su p p o r t e r ss w i ft= q u i c ku n p r om i s in g= u n f a vo r a b l ea w e a l t h o f =an ab u n d anc e o fd e vo i d o f=l ac k in g ind i f fu s i on =sp re ado n g o in g =c o n t in u in gc o r r e sp ond s= m a tc he sc om p le x i t y =s op h is t ic a t i ona l l o w in g= r e su l tin g ind i st o r t i on s =ir re g u l ar i t ie st e m p or ar i ly= b r ie f lyp e c u l i ar= u n u su a lp l e n t i fu l= n u m e r ou se m e r g e n c e= r i ser ou t in e l y =r e g u l a r l yd i st in c t i ve= c h ar a c te r i st i ct h e r e b y =c o n se q u e n t l ys u it a b l e =a pp r o p r i a teg e n e r a l l y = u su a l lyt e n d in g =t ak in g c ar e o fr u d im e n t ar y= e le m e n t ar ya k in t o =s im il a r t oo c c a s i on a ll y= s om e t im e si n g e n u it y= i n v e n t i ve n e s st a n g ib le=p hy s ic a ls e q u e n c e s= se r ie sc on v e r te d= c h an g e da p p r o x i m at in g = e s tim a t in gs u b se q u e n t ly=l ate re q u i va le n t= c om p ar ab l ee x p l o it a t i on = u sea l t o g e t he r=fu ll ys te a d il y= a t an u n v ar y in g r at ec on c e n tr a ti o n s=de n s e g r o u p in g sr e fl e c t =in d i c ateo b sc u r e=hi d eu n f a v or a b le =n e g a t iv ep u r su e= e n g a g e inc om p ar a b l e =s im il a re x t r e m e= g r e a tU p on r e f le c t i on =A f te r c on si d e r a t i on c on su l t =a ske x p e l le d =lef t b yp r om p te d =s ti m u l ate de x p l ic i t= c le a r l y e x p r e s se di m p l y= su g g e s te n h a n c e d=im p r o ve dp e c u l i ar t o = u n i q u e t oe x e r t= p u tf or t ha p p ar e n t l y =se e m i n g l ya s t on i s hm e n t= su r p r i s ev i r tu a ll y= n e ar l yI n r e tr o s p e c t =l o ok in g b ac kp r om p t s =s ti m u la te sp a r t i c u la r =sp e c i f ice ve n tu a l ly=in t he e n dr e c a ll= r e m e m b e rs p e c i f i c a l l y =p r e c i se l yu n d ou b te d l y= c e r t a in l yt e c hn i c a l l y =sc ie n t i fic a l ly c l a s si f ie d ass u p p le m e n t ar y= e x tr as u b t le= n ot o b v i ou sp a v e d t he w a y f or = m a d e p o ss i b l ew i p e d ou t= k il le d o ffa s s au l ts on=at t ac k s o no n se t=b e g in n in gi m m e d i ate l y ap p ar e n t=o b v i ou sR e n o w n e d=F a m ou se n g ag e s in= p e r fo r m sg i g an t ic=ve r y b i gv u ln e r ab le= d e f e n s e le sss t r ain=st r e s sv a l u ab le=im p o r t an tN e e d le ss t o s a y =o b v i o u s l ya d h e s i ve= s t ic k ye n su r e =g u ar an te ec om p on e n t s =p ar tsN e v e r t he le s s=ho w e v e ri n e v it a b ly= n e c e s s ar i l yw i d e sp r e ad am on g= f o u n d t h r o u g h ou t t h e b o d ie s o fi n t ac t= w h o les u b s ta n t i a l ly= s i g n ifi c an t lya c c e s s ib le= r e ac h ab les t im u l a te d= e n c ou r ag e de n g ag e d =p ar t ic ip a te de x p l o it a t i on = u sed e t e r m in an ts= c au se sh a s te n e d= r u s he dd i f fu s i on =sp re adp e r fe c t e d= c om pl e te dr e m n an ts= r e m ai n se x ot ic=f or e ig nd o m i n a te= c on tr o lc on te m p or a r y s oc ie tie s=e x i sted at t he s am e t i m er e c og n iz e d= a c c e p te ds i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m ed i sm is se d =r e j e c t e de le v a te d=h ig he x e r c i se d =a p p l ie de m e r g e n c e= r i set a c ti c =st r at e g yt h u s= c on se q u e n t lys t a g n at i on= l a c k o f g r ow t hs u s t a in e d = c o n t in u e di m p l ic a t i on s= c on se q u e n c e se x c lu si ve l y= s o le lyp o te n t i a l =p os s ib lef a v o r ab le=ad v an t ag e ou sa mb i g u ou s =u nc le arc on v e y= t r an s m i ta c c o u n t e d f or= e x p la i n e dc on s ide r ab l y =s ig n i fi c an t lys t r i k i n g= n ot e w or t hyf o r m e r l y= d e s ir a b ler e l a t i ve ly= c om p ar a ti v e lya c c e n tu at e d= i n te n s if i e d。
托福阅读同义词大全
托福阅读同义词大全为了帮助考生对托福阅读考试内容更加熟悉，在考试中取得更加理想的成绩，店铺为大家带来托福阅读同义词大全，希望对大家备考冲刺有所帮助。
更多精彩尽请关注店铺 !托福阅读同义词大全1 abandon = give up 放弃，中止2 abrupt = sudden 突然的，出其不意的3 abundant = plentiful, ample 充裕的，丰富的4 accede = assent, agree 同意，答应5 accessible = reachable 易使用的6 account for = explain 解释，说明7 accumulate = collect 积累，集聚8 acquit = release 宣判…无罪9 adequate = enough 足够的，充分的10 adhere = stick, cling 黏附，附着11 adroit = dexterous 灵巧的12 advent = arrival 出现，带来13 affluent = wealthy, better-off 富裕的，富足的14 aimless = purposeless 无目的的，没有目标的15 aggravate = worsen, exacerbate 使恶化16 agile = quick and active (思维)机敏的17 alternate = rotate 轮流，交替18 amplify = enlarge 放大19 ample = sufficient 充足的，充裕的20 analogous = similar 相似的，类似的21 ancient = early 古老的，年代久远的22 apart from = except for 除…以外23 arid = dry, barren 干燥的，干旱的24 aroma = fragrance 芳香，香气，香味25 arise = emerge 引起，产生26 astute = shrewd 精明的，敏锐的27 aspire = desire, crave 渴望，渴求28 asset = advantage 有利条件;长处29 assess = evaluate 评定，评价30 assist = aid, help 协助，帮助31 assume = suppose 假定，假设，认为32 assure = guarantee 向…保证，使确信33 attain = win 得到，获得34 attest = confirm 证明，作为(…的)证据35 augment = increase 加强;提高36 authentic = reliable 可靠的，真实的37 available = obtainable 可获得的;可用的38 avenue = means 途径，方法39 barely = scarcely 几乎不40 basic = fundamental, essential 基本的，基础的41 believe = be convinced 相信42 benevolent = beneficent 仁慈的，仁爱的43 bewilder = puzzle, baffle 使迷惑，使迷茫44 brawl = quarrel 争吵45 captivate = fascinate, allure, lure, attract 使着迷，迷住46 cardinal = fundamental 基本的47 cargo = shipment 货物48 catastrophe = disaster 灾难49 celebrated = famous, well-known 著名的，出名的50 central = middle 中心的，中部的51 chaotic = unorganized 混乱的，毫无秩序的新托福阅读题型特点简介：基础信息题+篇章应用题一、基础信息题具体分析起来，新托福阅读基础信息题中除插话题和修辞目的题外，主要仍是旧托福出现过的传统题型。
托福词汇之同义词替换(7)
托福词汇之同义词替换（7）sanitation—health卫生－卫生scale—climb攀登－攀登scope—range范围－范围secure—acquire弄到，获得－获得secure—safe安全的－安全的set—establish设置－建立settle—locate定居－坐落shield—protect保护－保护shy away from—avoid躲避－躲避simultaneous—synchronous同时的－同时的since—because因为－因为site—location地点－位置skepticism—doubt怀疑－怀疑skilled—expert熟练的－熟练的skyrocket—increase rapidly快速上升－迅速增加smother—eliminate窒息－清楚snap—break断裂－断裂sole—only唯一的－唯一的solemn—serious严肃的－严肃的some—approximately大约－大概sort out—separate区分－分离spark—bring （about）/usher （in）引起，开始－引起/开始spawn—create引起，大量生产－创造speculate—hypothesize推测－假设spot—identify发现－确定，鉴别staggering—overwhelming令人惊愕的－压倒性的staple—basic element主要部分－基本组成部分stationary—fixed静止的－固定的stimulate—encourage刺激－激励story—tale故事－故事strategy—scam/trick诡计－诡计/诡计strength—basis力量的源泉－基础stress—emphasize强调－强调stringent—strict严格的－严格的struggle—competition挣扎－竞争subject to—susceptible to易受…的－易受…的subsidize—finance资助－资助substantiate—verify证实－证实subtle—slight精巧微妙的－细微的。
托福阅读词汇题同义词替换解析
托福阅读词汇题同义词替换解析在托福备考中，托福阅读考试当中词汇题占据了三分之⼀的题时，所以这种题型是需要考⽣进⾏重点备考的。
今天智课⼩编为⼤家整理的是托福阅读词汇题同义词替换解析⼀⽂，希望可以帮助正在备考的⼩伙伴们，更多精彩内容尽在店铺。
托福阅读词汇题同义词替换解析elaborate=complexelaborate=develop对于这组词汇，很多同学在初次遇见时，很难直接把他们进⾏同义的对应。
complex和develop的意思⼤家应该还是⽐较明确的，但是elaborate的确切含义很多同学其实不是很清楚，即使是背过也只是脑海中有个模糊的意思，记得好像，⼤概，也许是指“详细地……”这类意思。
很多同学会觉得“详细地……”和“复杂的”以及“发展”看起来并没有什么同义的关系。
其实elaborate作为形容词时的意思是made or done with great care or with much detail; marked by complexity精⼼制作的复杂的;作为动词时的意思是to give more details about something; to bring something to a more advanced or developed state详细制定，详尽阐述从它的英⽂释义中就不难看出它和complex以及develop的同义之处了。
respectively=in that orderWind pollination does, of course, require a lot of pollen. Birch and hazel trees can produce 5.5 and 4 million grains per catkin, respectively.The word "respectively" in the passage is closest in meaning toA. over timeB. separatelyC. in that orderD. consistently对于这组词汇，想必⼤家疑惑的是respectively这个词。
托福同义词替换大全
托福写作同义词转换国内考生常用的表达=高分表达（一）名此类：1.things that one tries hard to《。
=名1司one's undertakings/ one's commitments2.The fact is that.. .=The reality is that...3.joy =happiness/ delight/ enjoyment4.sadness =sorrow/ grief hazard/ peril （后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同… 般）5.danger ［派生］dangerous； hazardouscation -schooling （指学校教育，家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting）［区分］家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角由说的，比如children^ upbringing；而parenting 是从家长的角度来说，比如sensible parenting.7.advertisement/ advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。
其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化，比如commercials （电视或者互联网上的广告），flyers （传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是“135****,办证”），billboards （大幅的广告牌）或者non-profit advertisements^ public-interest advertisements （公益广告）9.car ^automobile10.economic crisis = economic meltdown （彳艮接近）/recession （这个一般仅仅还是衰退）/the Great Depression （这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了）11.famous people^ celebrities （单数为celebrity （娱乐界）名人；名声）^eminent person（知名人士）12.human beings （备考生使用过多）=humankind= humanity （注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科）/the human race13.wealth ［相关］=fortune（s）（fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数）wealthy/ affluent （adj.）富裕的14.rich skill ［派生］skilled~technique（注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技）adept/ adroit （adj.）15. a solution to sth.= method= methodology （国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是method的故作高深版）16.range = field = sphere （of activity or interest, the sphere of international politics） / domain 领域/ arena 舞台二grasp of? command of option17.cooperation -collaboration18.basic structure in a city or a country ^infrastructure19.tiredness = fatigue "疲劳，疲乏"20.is a must of =is a prerequisite for （是.. 的必备先决条件）21.the Internet -the information highway（—篇考生作文里Internet 被使用十几次是常事儿）22.honesty ~ integrity “诚实，正直"=veracity23.strong belief = faith （in）24.for a particular purpose = aim = intention25.worries = anxieties （是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）26.influence ^impact/ / implication/ repercussion 反响^reflection27.influence on each other = mutual influence （类彳以的表达还有mutual respect, mutual trust 和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay betweenA and B28.many different kinds of...= a variety of.,./ a wide array of.../ a wide range of...29.wrong ideas held by many people = misconceptions prestige/ sterling30 .fame= reputation -spectrum - recognition component （这个词不仅扌旨零件，在学术写作中也经常指"部分"）［相关］sensible （adj.） disparity - a mechanism for a remedy for sth.（生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）31.bad students- unruly students （不守规矩的学生）/ disruptive students （不遵守记录的学生）32.bad behavior = unethical behavior/ immoral behavior （不道德行为）anizations that help poor people ^charities/ charitable organizations34.difference ［派生］^distinctionbe different from = be distinct from （adj.）35.person^ individual36.personality- disposition37.businesses ^enterprises （这里扌旨企业）38.prices that are too high = exorbitant prices 价格过高的（exorbitant housing price）39.the rate of...= the incidence of...（后面…般跟坏事儿，比如unemployment/ crime/a disease）40.intense enthusiasm = zeal 热衷（v. zeal for teaching /n. great zeal） / passion 热爱（have a passion for）41.cultural globalization文化全球化（有过多人使用这个词）=global cultural homogenization全球文化同一化过程42. a thing that is necessary = a necessity43. a thing that is new and interesting = a novelty44. a thing that is rare = a rarity45.things that people are not sure about = uncertainties46. a world language = a universal language47.friends = companions48.relaxation- recreation49.self-respect respect sb./ sth.- self-esteem and dignity = hold sb./ sth. in high regard ［反义］look down on.. treat... with contempt = despise （v.）49.self-control =self-discipline50.criminal prisoner = convict inmate51.drinks people who walk on the street = alcoholic beverages52.old generations in history = pedestrians ancestors53. a person who benefits from sth,= a beneficiary of sth.54. a disease that spreads quickly = an epidemic （注意这个词虽然是・ic 结尾，却不是形容词）55. a very unpleasant way of life= misery56. a task that requires lots of effort = an arduous task57.emotion- sentiment68.enemy- opponent/ foe69. a way to do sth. an approach to doing sth./ an avenue towards sth.70.narrow minds ^insular minds （狭隘的头脑或者观念）71.hobby- pastime/ diversion 消遣，分散注意力72.Progress= progression （经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于society/ career/ technology 的话题）73.failure ^setback （注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）74.importance = significance （当你用了一次importance 之后，第二次不妨用这个）-75.duty = obligation （用于比较重要的责任）76.difficulty = hindrance 妨碍/ impediment 阻碍/ hurdles77.pressure from your classmates = peer pressure78.citizens who can work problems =labor force/ workforce （都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）79.diseases that exist for a long time ^persistent problems/ chronic diseases80. a life without regular exerciser a sedentary lifestyle81.result= consequence （表示消极的结果更多一些）82.the lack of knowledge - considerations ignorance （注意在地道英文里，这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）85.bad luck = misfortune86.trouble =adversity 逆境，不幸/ dilemma 困境/ predicament/ hardship87.crime ^delinquency offense/ criminal actcriminal ^offender/serious crime- culprit/ = perpetrator heinous crime/ felony aa minor crime =misdemeanor scarcity （of）/88.youth- juvenile89.shortage （of） ^dearth （of）= lack of "缺乏"90.the only one places where animals live = habitat "栖息地”91.residents^ inhabitants 居民townsman 市民=dwellers92.free time= spare time= leisure^ vacation = relaxationputer^（二）形容词类91.very popular -prevalent/ ubiquitous 普遍存在的92.true= genuine （truly a genuinely）93.deep= profound （深刻的，后面经常跟wisdom/ truths/ understanding/ impact/ thoughts ）94.strong = powerful/ mighty ~ vulnerablehard-workings industrious "勤勉的"（注意不是industrial,而diligent 那个词在美语中是个挺大的词）」95.selfish^ self-centered96.practical = materialistic97.proud （贬义）^conceited98.smart = intelligent= be versatile99.not strict = lenient "宽大的，仁慈的"100.admirable = esteemed 令人尊敬的entire= highly-respected101.mature- realistic sophisticated （这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的）102.very attractive^ very appealing/ fascinating/ captivating103.very careful ^cautious 小心的104.sad= disappointing ^frustrating 沮丧的105.cruel- inhumane/ merciless 残酷的106.strict^ stringent 严厉的（后面一般跟laws, measures 或者rules） 107. fat = overweight/ obese （后面这个已经胖出病了）108.be very interested =be absorbed in/ be engrossed in 有兴趣109.quiet = tranquil安静的and serene （美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用）110.very disappointing =lamentable 可怜的/ pathetic 可怜的感伤的96.be good （for）= be beneficial （to） = be in the best interests （of）97.be not as good as = be inferior to 不如...好98.be better than = be superior to 比...好99.be the same = be identical 完全相同的/ be homogenous/ be uniform （后面两个词比较正式，一般是说cultural globalization的时候常用，现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫school uniforms 了吧，就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服）100.boring- monotonous/ repetitive mundane （注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并不是“世俗的”意思/humdrum单调的无聊的Strange= complicated = intricate odd/ bizarre/ eccentric （weird 有/点过于口语化了）interesting- stimulating101.cannot be turned back= be irreversible102.produce useful results = productive103.different" distinctive 与久不同的=diverse /various 各种各样的派生：differently^ distinctively伤上People are paid distinctively by their contributions104.often= frequently 经常=constantly 不断地（One frequently citied the fact that...）105.106.107 most suitable = fitting合适的，适宜的/ optimal最佳的，最理想的108.lonely = isolated/ alienated solitary109.be easily influenced by sth.=be susceptible to sth.（一般是坏事情，比如 a disease/ attacks ）eless ^redundant110.110.famous= distinguished = renowned 著名的，有声望的111.positive -desirable 令人满意的/ encouraging112.happy enjoyable = delighted delightful113.can be used = be available114.hard to understand （laws/ rules/ people） = bewildering/ baffling/ confusing "不解，困惑”116.115.healthy = wholesome （注意说人的健康还是要用healthy,但是如果说事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome “合乎卫生的，健全的”）116.Good for the environment = eco-friendly （比如Biking is far more eco-friendly than driving their SUVs.）117.be familiar with = be well-acquainted with118.nervous/ anxious = apprehensive 忧虑的，不安的・disturbing119.doubt sth = be skeptical about sth. -quintessential （这个语气非常强）120.fair = justified121.unfair^ unwarranted/ unjustifiable122.huge ^enormous/ massive/ vast/ colossal> numerous （注意要F艮可数名词）123.small =tiny/ miniscule （后面一般跟抽象名词）/124.have many different abilities =be well-rounded 面面俱到，多才多艺的proper = appropriate precise/ ~ accurate unsightly125.poor-quality = substandard 不符合规格的（housing/ accommodation/ work/ goods/ machines）126.in be qualified for =be eligible for 合格的，符合条件的127.the present... = the current.../ the existing...（比如the current financial crisis/the existing environmental problems）128.outdated = antiquated 废弃，过时的/ obsolete 废弃的，老式的131.129.lead an extravagant/ a lavish life130.progressive （开明的，逐步的，经常用来形容government或者society）131.sth. must be carried out = sth. is compulsory/ sth. is mandatory 强制的132.continuing with long history = time-honored （后面经常跟抽象名词，比如tradition/ practice/ methods/ heritage）133.forever = perpetual 永久的134.important = significant/essential/vital（这三个词的重要性依次递增）135.-142.wrong = erroneous错误的，不正确的143.long and a bit annoying =lengthy144.very difficult = daunting令人怯步的，使人畏缩的/ formidable强大的，可怕的，艰难的145.being spread in uncontrolled way= rampant 猖獗的（后面经常跟负面现象，比如crime, pollution 或者discrimination）146.148.having wrong opinions including many things = skewed 歪斜的/ biased （这两个词一般在IELTS媒体类话题使用，表示“有偏见的”）149.enough = comprehensive （综合的，全面的）adequate/ sufficient/ ample/ abundant注意这四个（词的语气是逐渐递增的）complete（adj.）完全的完整的150 .too much= excessive151. very little= minimal （注意不是minimum）152.153.154.urgent = pressing （problems）155.- -manage sth. ~ perform/ conduct （注意这里的perform不是“表演”而是"从事"）156.make sth. strongs 动词strengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth.157.make sth. better ^enhance/ better/boost （很少看到国内考生用better 当动词，其实在学术写作中better sth.是挺常见的表达）become more than = exceed/ surpass /grow fast = grow dramatically/ soar/ rocketfall fast = fall drastically/ plunge/ plummetcause bad effects=counterproductive “达不到预期目的的"（其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都可以写它counterproductive）harm （vt.）［派生］harmful ［派生］be harmful to = damage^ destroy/ ruin （这两个词比damage 程度更重）（后面足艮the cityscape/ scenery/ spoil environment）undermine （后面跟抽象概念，比如stability/ social order/ harmony） jeopardize （后面跟抽象概念，比如one*s future/ one*s career）tarnish 使失去光泽，玷污（后面跟one，s reputation/image）sap 伤元气，使衰竭/ dampen 抑制（后面跟one's enthusiasm/interest/confidence）make sth. worse = aggravate/ exacerbate 使加居lj sth.cause bad effects=counterproductive “达不到预期目的的"（其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都可以写它counterproductive）make sth. weak = weaken/ erode （侵蚀）/control...（a negative trend） curb 扌中制...（crime/ pollution/ economic recessions）-regulate sth./oversee sth. emerge/ arise （后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如debate）=refrain from doing sth.84. adverse effect 禾利的影响^detrimental 不利的，有害的（a（y.） ~ pose a threat to decrease^ decline/ dwindle特指逐渐缓慢的减少）dip/ slip （/（后两个词用来指短促的下降）reduce = diminish使减少（多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）increase = augment增大（多用于政府投资类话题）lead to= act as a catalystA has made B+adj.= A has rendered B+adj./ n.致使（这里的宾语B 后面只能是跟形容词或者名词）A has madeB do sth.= A has promoted/ impelled sb. to do sth.（注意这两个词后面的宾语之后不能省略to）much higher^ considerably/ substantially 大体上，实质上/ significantly higher a little higher = marginally ［'ma:d3inoli］少量地，最低限地higher/ slightly higher/ fractionally 极小地，微小地higher160.begin = initiate （后者跟抽象概念更多，比如initiate the conflict）/commence 161.stop =cease162.do not appear = disappear = go extinct ^evaporate 蒸发，消失啊！]. I am a somewhat shy individual, but I have found that within the medical environment my shyness evaporates.163.set...free = release （prisoners/ stress）164.fail to see ^neglect/ overlook165.narrow^ bridge the gap between A and B（注意这里bridge 作动词） [反义]widen the gap between A and B166.be forced to do sth. = be compelled to do sth.167.keep complaining about sth. = grumble ['gtAmbl] about sth. “抱怨"168.try hard to do sth. -pursue sth.（one's goal/one's career/ business interests/ maximum profit/ hegemony）carry out = implement 使生效turn...into...= convert ...to/ into...spread = propagate 传播，宣传/ disseminate （这两个词后面经常跟information/ ideas/ belief 这类名词）flourish/ thrivedevelop （这里作"培cultivate/ foster/ nurture （这三个词后面经常跟和养”的意思教育有关的名词，比如an interest in social issues ）湘关] fast-developing burgeoning 萌芽的adopt （注意这个词不是adapt适应，而是接纳，accept采纳的意思）build = construct gather measure teach sth.garner『ga:no] “获得”，但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义，比如garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagen gauge,比measure 稍正式一点-impart sth./ inculcate ['inkAlkeit 谆谆教导sth.（注意如果teach后面是人则不要善换）start = create^ initiate "开始，创造”多用于政府类话题generate （一般是大规模的产生，比如generate employment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/ electricity）breed （一般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict/ crime/resentment） spawn （一般是产生新事物，比如spawn inventions/ innovations ）support = espouse [Pspauz]支持，后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词champion （作动词不是冠军的意思了）和动词sanction 66制裁，处罚，认可支持”（它作名词则变成了“制裁”）praise- compliment/ extol （后面这个语气很强）be worthy of sth 二 deserve sth.值得拥有...例J： she deserves our praise and appreciationsupport- buttress 支持物，扶壁/ bolster 支持prove= confirm verify 核证，查实understand... to mean.../ to be... choose sth./ choose to do sth. appear in large numbers use- utilize/exploit recycle work assiduouslygain篇acquire （注意acquire/ gain knowledge 比learn knowledge 在地道英文中更加常见）consider = contemplate/ reflect on/ pondermeet = encounter,多用于政府，文化或者success这样偏大一些的话题provide = afford sth.（在正式英文写作中，afford经常可以表示"提供” need= require （注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need,但如果主语是事物，则可以改用require）raise = elevate使振奋情绪，就是正式版的raise,但只是“提高”而不能表示抚养小孩的意思like sth. very much - have an affinity for sth./have a strong attachment to sth.be unhappy about= complain about （v.）/ be discontended with （adj.）ask for= requestlook like sth.= resemble sth.treat.. .poorly = mistreat.../ abuse... "虐待"consider sth. valuable = value sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth."珍惜，珍藏某物"=maintain/ preserve （这个词后面经常F艮traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources 等）keep mix... together = blend/ combine/ synthesize tackle/ combat/ address discern interpret...as...（很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把...理解为 ....）opt for sth./ opt to do sth.achieve= fulfill （one's dream/ one's goal/ one's potential/ one's obligation/ one's promise/ one's task） sprout up/ mushroommake... less serious= relieve/ ease/ alleviate （作文中经常用到的搭配有relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the traffic congestion 等）pay...for （one's loss）= compensate...for...try to do sth.= attempt to do sth. make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth.contribute to = reward...for.../ pay...for （one's effort）accelerate sth./ speed up sth. participate in prevail over make sth. faster （大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议论文的题目中经常出现outweight这个词用来比较事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）promote/ facilitate （这两个词都是及物动词，所以不需要跟to） prevent the development of = hinder/impede/ inhibit/ obstruct...notice- identify -motivate sb. to adore sth.dislike sth. very much= hate= abhor/ detest/ loathe resent/ hold a grudge against avoid- bypass/ eschew 避开/ limit = restrict/ constrainis not limited to...= shun is not restricted to.../ is not confined to...（经常用来描述一个trend不仅限于某个范围）be so surprised= be astonished/ be astounded/ be startled decide = determine 下决，L、move to...= relocate to...重新安置/ have been relocated to...come from...= originate from/ in...improve^ boost/ enhance （t匕如boost solidarity 增进团结/ enhance productivity 提高生产率）waste= use... lavishlyattack = assail u着手解决，质问”（语气更强烈）curtail “剥夺特权，缩减”（多用于政府投资类话题）/help= assist assistanceset up = establishchange = alterchange... a lot = fundamentally change.../radically change.../ transform...solve ^address/ combatcorrect （vt.）= rectify （a mistake）take down = demolish拆除，破坏/ raze拆毁（谈到拆老建筑的时候常用）ban... altogether/strictly/prohibit...criticize = condemn/ denounce这两个词一般用于政府类话（题，但不要用在教育类）increase = show an upward trend/ be on the rise反义：show a downward trend hinge on= be contingent on （意思是：取决于）depend on = rely on （意思是：依靠. ）deal with = cope withdo one's best to do sth.= commit oneself to doing sth./ strive to do sth./ do one's utmost to do sth./ spare no effort to do sth.use up = exhaust （energy/ resources）/ stretch （resources） to the limit report the details of sth. = report sth. In graphic detailprevent sb. from focusing on...= distract sb. from...spend A on B~ dedicate A to Buse too much... = stretch... to the limit/ put a strain on...pour= discharge 排放，（环境类话题常用，比如discharge chemical waste into rivers, streams and lakes）get used to = get accustomed todie out = go extinctcontinue to exist ^persistcome with...= be attended by / be accompanied by...broaden one's horizons = expand one's outlook/ enlarge one's vision （broaden one's horizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值）」break the law = violate the lawput sb. In prison = incarcerate sb.make laws against... = legislate against...［相关］lawlegislation （名词，注意law在特指具体的法律时可以用复数，但是legislation 不能用复数）obey 服从,顺从=abide by/ comply with/ conform to （后面跟the law/ rules/ regulations 等）commit a crime （注意作文中不要用make a crime这样不地道的英文）revert to crime （这里的crime作不可数名词）punish ［派生］punishment p enalize 处罚penalty 罚金make sth. active = stimulate （后面经常F艮imagination/ creativity/ interest/ economic growth 等词V匚）make one's dream come true = fulfill one's potential/ attain one's goalhave the right to do sth.= be entitled to do sth.stick to = adhere to/ cling to （注意后面这个有时候略带贬义）meet the demand/ satisfy the needtake... away from sb.= deprive sb. of...（省略号中可以填入freedom/ leisure time/ the right to等值得拥有的内容）伤!I： Traffic congestion and environmental pollution deprive city-dwellers of the healthy living condition.交通拥堵和环境污染剥夺了诚实居住者健康的生活环境enable sb. to get a clear perspective of go astray （作文中如果写青少年"误入歧途"，就不要再写get lost）spend too much time on = be addicted to/ be preoccupied with/ be obsessed with （这三个词组的语气越来越强）prepare for... = pave the way for.../ lay the groundwork for.../ lay a solid foundation for...（为...・.・打好基础）〜break the balance A and B = upset the balance strike a balance between A and B （在A 和B之间争取一种平衡）catch = capture 抓住，捕获think... as =regard...as/view...as/perceive...asget rid of = eliminate/ remove abolish （多用于政府类话题，废除）make... higher = drive up （后面经常F艮the crime rate/ unemployment rate）more and more +adj.副词Increasingly+adj.但要注意如果后面不是adj.而是noun,那么就可以用an increasing number of （跟可数名词）/an increasing amount of （跟不可数名词）来代替primarily/ principally/、、mainly = chieflyIn the old days,..Traditionally,.../ Historically,...now- currentlyActually户Technically,...（严格来说它的意思并不是“事实上”，但在学术写作中它是一个表示“精确地说”非常棒的词语）very soon ^immediately/not often at all = rarelycompletely^ entirelydo sth. without careful thought = do sth. Impulsivelyblindly = indiscriminately （不加选择的）/mechanically （机械的）only a little/a bit- merely （注意只有a little/ a bit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换）somewhat （注意只有a little/ a bit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换）mainly =primarily/ principally/ chiefly 短语或句型about= regarding/ concerning/ with respect to/ with regard to before^ prior to...a few = a handful of （iW注意仅指少数时a couple of容易被挑剔的考官判为过于口语化）Although..., the real situation is...=Hypothetically,.../ Theoretically,.../ In theory/ Ideally,...—But in reality, .../ But in actuality,.../ But in practice,...（Ideally 指“理想化地说"）Most young people...needs to be changed = Young people tend to...= Young peopletypically... （tend to和typically都是表示某一类人多半会怎样做的常用表达）is crying out for reform （固定短语）be punished by the law = be brought to justicedo sth. together = make a concerted effort to do sth.It is common for sb. to =It is standard practice for sb. to...is based on... = is predicted on...have no choice but to... = have no option but to.../ have no alternative but to...be worthwhile = ...be worth the effortand so on = etc.（前面可加逗号）is closely connected through = is intrinsically linked to...by way of （介词短语）on the whole= overallin this aspect =in this regard= in this respect （这里不是尊重的意思，而是指某方面）not with standing （请注意这三个词都是后面不是紧跟名词或者名词短语，而不可以直接跟从句）because of= due to/ owing to （新托福作文中这两个词组后面经常是跟负面含义的名词）before （时间）=prior toin fact= as a matter of fact = in essence/ essentially （in essence/ essentially 的意思是“本质上”）besides apart fromabout/ around = approximatelyIt is obvious that... = It is evident that...stops.= sth. comes to a standstillbe similar to... = be akin to...（学术写作中相当常见的句型）A is as adj asB = A is equally +adj. = A be comparable to B 同等的，相当的伤!] Teachers should be paid as much as those of doctors, lawyers or business leaders. =...should be paid equally much to those be paid comparable to those...It is impossible that...= It is highly unlikely that...sth. does not always remain the same.= sth. is not carved in stone （某事物并非一成不变）A high percentage of... = The proportion of... is very high.（....的比伤！J 彳艮高）The cause of... is ... =can be attributed to/ can be ascribed to...（可以归因于..・）=no matter =despite/ in spite of = regardless of/ irrespective of （注意no matter 后面一般F艮从句，regardless of和irrespective of后而面多数时候跟名词或者名词短语）talking about.../ speaking of= in terms of...（经常用来限制一个命题的适用范围，比如In terms of culture, this city is fascinating. But in terms of traffic, it is inferior.）。
托福词汇之同义词替换(4)
托福词汇之同义词替换（4）exposed to—subject to暴露于－使经受，使遭受extend—increase延长－增加，扩大extend—stretch延伸－伸展extol—praise赞美－赞扬extract—remove提取，去掉－清除faction—side帮派－一方fade （from）—disappear （from）淡出－消失fashion—create制作－创造fatal—deadly致命的－致命的feed—put填入－放入fine—minute细小的－微小的first rank—highest quality顶级的－最高档次的fixture—commonplace object固定设备－常规物体flatter—compliment奉承－赞美forage—feed喂草料－喂食forward－looking—progressive有远见的－进步的frame—pose给…设框－使摆好姿势fundamental—basic基本的－基本的fuse—combine融合－联合gap—opening裂缝－裂缝give way to—turn into被…所替代－转变为glow—shine发光－发光hard—firm坚硬的－坚硬的hemisphere—side半球－一侧herald—announce预示，宣布－预示，宣布homogeneous—uniform同源的－一致的imitate—copy模仿－复制immunity—protection免疫－保护implement—tool工具－工具implication— significance内涵－含义，意义impose—demand强加（要求）－要求in place of—instead of 代替－代替inadequate—deficient不充分的－缺乏的，不足够的incise—carve切割－雕刻inclination—preference爱好，倾向－爱好induce—cause导致－导致inevitable—ineluctable不可避免的－不可避免的 influx—arrival流入－到达ingot—a block of metal金属锭－一块金属inhibit—hinder阻止－妨碍initially—at first最初－第一。
托福考试阅读同义词替换-归类
e n d u r in g =l a st in gp r e v a il in g =g e n e r a lly a c c e p te di n c r e d i b l e =im p os s ib l e to b e l ie veo b s o le te =ou t o f d a tes u it a b l e =a pp r o pr i a tea mb i t i ou s=im pr e ss iv e b u t d i ff ic u lt t o a c h ie vet a k e pr e c e d e n c e o ve r=h a v e g r e a te ri m p o r t an c e t h ans u r pl u s= e x c e ss q u an t it ye x hi b it s= d is p l ay se m b od y= in c or p o r ateu l ti m ate l y =e v e n tu all yv i r tu a ll y= N e ar l ys u s p e n d e d=f l o at in gr e p le n i s he d= r e s t or e dd r am at i c =st r ik in gd i st in c t i on= d i f fe r e n c er a pp o r t= b on dt h r i ll= e x c it e m e n tv i t a l it y= e n e r g ys pe c i f ie d= s t ate df o c u se d =c o n c e n tr a te di m m in e n t=ab ou t to h a p p e nr e fi n e m e n t= i m p r o ve m e n ts c at te r e d= w i d e ly se p a r at e ds pe c u l ate s=p u t s f or w a r d as a p o s si b il i ty t r e m e n d ou s= e n or m o u sh e n c e= t he r e f or ei m p l e m e n t =pu t i n t o e f fe c tp a r t i c u la r ly= e sp e c ial l ys c ar c e =s h or t in su pp l yp r in c i p a l l y = m a in l yc on tr o ve r s i a l =pr od u c in g d i s ag re e m e n t i n d u c e= c au se t hef or m at i on o f f u e l s =p r o v id e s e n e rg y f ori n e v it a b le= c e r t a ina c c o r d in g l y= c or r e s p o n d in g lyc lu s te r= g r o u pe n o r m ou s =hu g ep r e su m a b l y= i t is r e a s o n a b le to a s su m ep e r t in e n t =r e le v an ts u b d u e= d e f e atc o in c ide s w it h=oc c u r s at t he s am e t im e as j u s tif y= p r o v id e a r at i on a l b as i s f o rp r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e dh i e r a r c h ic a l =h a v in g s e ve r a l le ve ls o fa u t h or it yc on s ti tu e n t s= c om p on e n t se x c a v at e d= d u g fr om t he g r ou n dc h a r ac t e r is t ic= t y p i c a la l t e r at i on= m od i f ic at i onh e n c e f or t h =f r om t hi s t im e ono b l ig e d=fo r c e dl a u n c h e d= s t ar te de n su r e =g u ar an te ei n c i te d=st im u l a te ds u b s ta n t i a l =c on s i d e r a b leo u twe i g hs= e x c e e d sc o l le c t i ve =g r ou pe r e c t in g= c on st r u c t in gc on se q u e n t= r e su lt in gr e i n fo r c e s= su p p o r t sd e va s t ate= d e s tr o ys i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m eu n in te n t i on a l = u n p la n n e da l t e r n a te= t ak e tu r n s a tr e g im e s= g o ve r n m e n t sa s u r g e o f=a s u d d e n in c r e a se i ns yn t he s iz in g= c om b in in ge le v a te d= r a i se dI n e ss e n c e=B as ic a l lyf e a s ib le= p r a c t i c a ls c a le =s iz ea d v oc a te d =pr om o te df o s te r e d= e n c ou r ag e df r ig i d =c ol dd e t e c te d= d i sc o ve r e de x t e n s i ve=la r g ea c c o u n t s f or= e x p l ain sr e m n an ts= r e m ai n d e r sr e m ot e =i so l a te dc i te d= m e n t i on e da g g r e g at i on s =g r o u psl a t e r a l =s id el i t t le s h or t o f m ir a c u lo u s=a m az in g b e c au se a lm os t im p os s i b l ed e s ig n at i on= i d e n t i fi c a ti onc h a o t ic =d is or g an ize dr e t a in s =pr e se r ve sc on s t an t= c on t in u a lc o a le sc ed =c o l l ide de m i t te d= r e le a se dd e fi n i n g= i d e n t i fy in gd o me s t ic=h ou s e h o lds w i ft=f as ts i g n i f ic an t = c o n s id e r a b lem o d e s t= r e l at i ve l y sm a l lc on se q u e n t ly= T h e r e f o r ec om p on e n t= p ar tr e m ar k a b le =e x tr a or d in a r yc on f in ed to=l im ite d t or e l e n t le s s = u n c e a si n g d i f fu s i on =sp r e ada u t on om ou s =in d e p e n d e n to b l ig e d= r e q u ir e dv a s t=hu g ea p p r e c i ate d= a p p r o ve dv i c in it y= su r r ou n d in g a r e aa c c i d e n t a l=b yc ha n c em o d i f y= c h an g ed r as t ic a l ly=e x te n s i ve l yp r o h ib i t=p r e ve n tu l ti m ate l y =f in a l lyk e p t p ac e w it h=m a tc h e d t he in c r e a se in c a p ac it y=av a i l ab le st o r ag e s p a c ei n e v it a b le= u n a v oi d ab l es u r p as s =e x c e e dp o n d e r =t h ou g h t ab o u tf u n d am e n t a l =b as icm an d at e d= r e q u ir e dp r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e ds i g n i fy in g =in d i c at in gc e a sed =s to p pe dd i spe r se d= s c at te r e df u n c t i on= p u r p o sea l l e g e d =su p p o se dc on tr o ve r s i a l =de b a ta b lei n c on c l u s i ve= n ot d e c i si v ee l ab o r at e= w e ll d e ve l o p e dp i on e e r e d= in tr o d u c e ds u b se q u e n t =l a te rc om p r i se d= c on s is ted o fe n h a n c e d=im p r o ve dr e i n fo r c e=st r e n g t he np r o f ou n d=in te n seo b s o le te =ou t o f d a teo b sc u r e= l i t tl e k n ow na s s oc i a te s= c on n e c tse n c om p a s se s=in c lu d e ss t a t io n ar y= u n m ov in gh e n c e= t he r e f or ei r r e ve r s ib le= pe r m an e n tm on u m e n t al= e n o r m o u sm an i p u l ate=sk il l fu l ly u s e dp u r su e= p r e fe rs u b s is te n c e= su r vi v ale x p o se d= u n p r o te c te dw i t h n o w a r n i n g= w it h o u t an y in d ic a t i on b e f or e h an dc on g e st i on=ov e r c r owd in ga l t e r e d =tr an s f or m e de m i t te d= r e le a se dr e t a r d in g= s l o wi n ga b u n d an t= p le n t i fu ls u s t a in= su pp o r tp i on e e r in g =or i g i n a ld i st in c t=se p a r a tee n a b li n g= a l l ow in gr e s tr ic te d =l im it e ds e ve r i ty=h ar s hn e ssc on g r e g at e =g at he rc on se q u e n t ly=As a r e s u ltc om pr i se= c on si s t o fc on s ti tu e n t= c om p on e n tp r e d o m i n ate=ar e in t h e m aj or i tyg r ad u a l= s l owd i f fu se= s pre a dd i spe r se d= s c at te r e dd e fi c ie n c ie s= s h or t ag e se m e r g in g= a pp e ar in g B e si d e s =In ad d it i on t op r e oc c u p a t i on =c on c e r nc ou p led w it h= c om b i ne d w i t ha u t on om y=in d e p e n d e n c ec on s p i c u ou s= e a s il y n o ti c e de n d u r e =w i t h st an ds u r p l u s= e x t r at a sk= r e q u ir e m e n tu n f a v or a b le =d is a d va n t ag e ou st r ig g e r e d= in i t i ate ds e ve r e l y= g r e a t l yr e i n fo r c in g=st r e n g th e n in gl a u n c h e d= s t ar te dm e t h od i c a l l y =sy s te m a t ic a la c c e le r a te= s p e e d u pi m p r o ve d= p e r fe c te dd e t e c t =se n sec on v in c i n g ly= p e r su a s i ve l ye lu s iv e =h a r d to i d e n t i fym a in te n an c e o f =su p p o r t in gi s o l a te d=se p a r ate d fr o m on e an o t he r o v e r w he lm e d =w as to o l a r g e f o rr e l a t i ve ly= c om p ar a ti v e lyp a r t i c u la r =sp e c i f ice x c lu si ve l y= o n l ya c c u m u l at in g =c ol le c t in gc ou n te r =c om b a tb r e ak t hr ou g h =d e ve lo p m e n ts o p h is t ic a te d=h ig h ly d e ve l o p e ds u r g e =su d d e n in c r e a s ep r op o r t i on s =s iz es u s t a in= su p p o r tp e r s is te n t =l a st in gp r om o te =e n c ou r a g ec on tr ad ic t o r y= c on f li c t in gm an i fe s ta t i on s = e x p r e s s io n sc u m u l at i ve= c om b i n e da p p ar e n t= n o ti c e ab lec o r r e sp onde d= e q u al e dn or m =c o m m ona d j a c e n t =n e arb yi n te r v a ls= p e r i od ic a ll yd i sc re t e =se pa r at ep r o li f ic=h ig h l y p r o d u c t i ves p ar se r = m o r e t h in l y d i st r ib u te d e p is od e s=oc c u r r e n c e sp r op on e n t s= su p p o r t e r ss w i ft= q u i c ku n pr om i s in g= u n f a vo r a b l ea w e a l t h o f =an ab u n d anc e o fd e vo i d o f=l ac k in g ind i f fu s i on =sp re ado n g o in g =c o n t in u in gc o r r e sp ond s= m a tc he sc om p le x i t y =s op h is t ic a t i ona l l o w in g= r e su l tin g ind i st o r t i on s =ir re g u l ar i t ie st e m p or ar i ly= b r ie f lyp e c u l i ar= u n u su a lp l e n t i fu l= n u m e r ou se m e r g e n c e= r i ser ou t in e l y =r e g u l a r l yd i st in c t i ve= c h ar a c te r i st i ct h e r e b y =c o n se q u e n t l ys u it a b l e =a pp r o p r i a teg e n e r a l l y = u su a l lyt e n d in g =t ak in g c ar e o fr u d im e n t ar y=e le m e n t ar ya k in t o =s im il a r t o o c c a s i on a ll y= s om e t im e si n g e n u it y= i n v e n t i ve n e s st a n g ib le=p hy s ic a ls e q u e n c e s= se r ie sc on v e r te d= c h an g e da p p r o x i m at in g = e s tim a t in gs u b se q u e n t ly=l ate re q u i va le n t= c om p ar ab l ee x p l o it a t i on = u sea l t o g e t he r=fu ll ys te a d il y= a t an u n v ar y in g r at ec on c e n tr a ti o n s=de n s e g r o u p in g sr e fl e c t =in d i c ateo b sc u r e=hi d eu n f a v or a b le =n e g a t iv ep u r su e= e n g a g e inc om p ar a b l e =s im il a re x t r e m e= g r e a tU p on r e f le c t i on =A f te r c on si d e r a t i on c on su l t =a ske x p e l le d =lef t b yp r om p te d =s ti m u l ate de x p l ic i t= c le a r l y e x p r e s se di m p l y= su g g e s te n h a n c e d=im p r o ve dp e c u l i ar t o = u n i q u e t oe x e r t= p u tf or t ha p p ar e n t l y =se e m i n g l ya s t on i s hm e n t= su r p r i s ev i r tu a ll y= n e ar l yI n r e tr o s p e c t =l o ok in g b ac kp r om p t s =s ti m u la te sp a r t i c u la r =sp e c i f ice ve n tu a l ly=in t he e n dr e c a ll= r e m e m be rs pe c i f i c a l l y =p r e c i se l yu n d ou b te d l y= c e r t a in l yt e c hn i c a l l y =sc ie n t i fic a l ly c l a s si f ie d ass u p p le m e n t ar y= e x tr as u b t le= n ot o bv i ou sp a v e d t he w a y f or = m a d e p o ss i b l ew i pe d ou t= k il le d o ffa s s au l ts on=at t ac k s o no n se t=be g in n in gi m m e d i ate l y ap p ar e n t=o b v i ou sR e n o w n e d=F a m ou se n g ag e s in= p e r fo r m sg i g an t ic=ve r y b i gv u ln e r ab le= d e f e n s e le sss t r ain=st r e s sv a l u ab le=im p o r t an tN e e d le ss t o s a y =o b v i o u s l ya d h e s i ve= s t ic k ye n su r e =g u ar an te ec om p on e n t s =p ar tsN e v e r t he le s s=ho w e v e ri n e v it a b ly= n e c e s s ar i l yw i d e sp r e ad am on g= f o u n d t h r o u g h ou t t h e b o d ie s o fi n t ac t= w h o les u b s ta n t i a l ly= s i g n ifi c an t lya c c e s s ib le= r e ac h ab les t im u l a te d= e n c ou r ag e de n g ag e d =p ar t ic ip a te de x p l o it a t i on = u sed e t e r m in an ts= c au se sh a s te n e d= r u s he dd i f fu s i on =sp re adp e r fe c t e d= c om pl e te dr e m n an ts= r e m ai n se x ot ic=f or e ig nd o m i n a te= c on tr o lc on te m p or a r y s oc ie tie s=e x i sted at t he s am e t i m er e c og n iz e d= a c c e p te d s i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m ed i sm is se d =r e j e c t e de le v a te d=h ig he x e r c i se d =a p p l ie de m e r g e n c e= r i set a c ti c =st r at e g yt h u s= c on se q u e n t lys t a g n at i on= l a c k o f g r ow t hs u s t a in e d = c o n t in u e di m p l ic a t i on s= c on se q u e n c e se x c lu si ve l y= s o le lyp o te n t i a l =p os s ib lef a v o r ab le=ad v an t ag e ou sa mb i g u ou s =u nc le arc on v e y= t r an s m i ta c c o u n t e d f or= e x p la i n e dc on s ide r ab l y =s ig n i fi c an t lys t r i k i n g= n ot e w or t hyf o r m e r l y= d e s ir a b ler e l a t i ve ly= c om p ar a ti v e lya c c e n tu at e d= i n te n s if i e d。
托福词汇之同义词替换(1)
托福词汇之同义词替换（1）abundant—plentiful 丰富的－丰富的accelerate—increase 加速－增加accessible—reachable 可到达的－可到达的accordingly—for that reason因此－因此account for—explain说明accumulate—collect积聚－收集acute—intense急性的－剧烈的adhere—stick粘附－粘附adjunct—addition辅助－附加adorn—decorate装饰－－装饰adverse—negative相反的－负面的advocate—proponent提倡者－支持者aesthetical—artistic审美的－艺术的astound—surprise令人极为惊讶的－令人惊讶attachment （to）—preference （for）喜爱－喜爱attain—achieve获得－获得attendant—accompanying伴随的－伴随的attire—clothing衣服－衣服attribute—characteristic特征aviation—navigation航空－航空barren—infertile贫瘠的－贫瘠的bias—prejudice偏见－偏见bizarre—odd－奇异的－奇怪的boost—raise促进－提高bound—limit限制－限制break （with）—departure （from）与…相分离－与…相分离bring about—cause导致－导致calculate—determine计划－决定carry—support支撑－支撑cast off—get rid of丢弃－抛弃cease—stop终止－停止celestial—astronomical天上的－天文的chance—unplanned偶然的－未计划的characterized—distinguished具有特色的－杰出的classify—categorize分类－分类coarse—rough 粗糙－粗糙cohesion—unity凝聚－结合，统一coin—create创造，杜撰－创造collectively—together共同的－一起comparably—similarly类似－同样地compile—put together收集－收集compose—create创作－创作，创造comprise—consist of 由…组成－由…组成conceal—hide 隐藏－隐藏concentrate—cluster集中－集中conclusive—definitive最后的，结论性的－最后的，确定性的concomitant with—in conjunction with与…相一致－与…相一致condone—mercy宽恕－宽恕confined—limited被限制的－限制的conflict—opposition冲突－相反conjectural—based on guessing 推测的－给予猜测的consciously—on purpose 有意识地－有目的地conserve—retain保存－保存considerable—great（数量、程度）巨大的－巨大的considerable—much大量的－大量的，坚实的considerable—substantial 大量的－大量的，坚实的consort—associate合伙人，伴侣－合伙人，伙伴。
托福词汇之同义词替换(6)
托福词汇之同义词替换（6）position—location位置－位置potential—possible潜在的－可能的prefer—favor倾向，喜欢－喜欢preoccupation—involvement全神贯注－全神贯注preside over—manage掌管－掌管prevailing—most frequent主要的－最经常的prevent—avoid阻止－避免primary—fundamental基础的－基本的，基础的principal—main主要的－主要的prior to—preceding在…之前－前面的prominent—distinguished卓越的－杰出的prominent—prestigious卓越的－著名的property—characteristic特性－特点proponent—supporter支持者－支持者prospect—possibility前景－可能性protrude—project突出－突出puncture—pierce刺破－刺破rapid—swift快速的－迅速的rare—infrequent希罕的－不经常的rather—instead相反－相反readily—easily容易地－容易地realization—awareness认识到－认识到reap—gain收获－获得reckless—irresponsible不负责任的－不负责任的转refreshing—unusual给人新鲜感的－不同寻常的relate—connect与…有关－与…有关reliance—dependence依靠－依靠remarkable—extraordinary非凡的－非凡的restricted—limited受限制的－受限制的revise—change修改－改变rich—abundant丰富的－丰富的robust—strong强壮的－强壮的roll back—reduce把…压到标准水平－降低，减少rotate—alternate旋转－交替rotate—turn旋转－旋转roughly—approximately大约－大概rudimentary—undeveloped初步的，尚未发展完备的－尚未发展完备的rupture—burst爆裂－爆裂。
托福同义词替换-全
1.important = crucial (extremely important), significant (amount or effect large enough to beimportant)mon = universal, ubiquitous (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant = ample (enough and usually extra), plentiful (enough for people’s needs andwants)4.stick = adhere, cling (hold on something tightly)5.neglect = ignore (difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention tosomething: ignore means no attention)6.near = adjacent(two things next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue = woo (man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek (if you seek sth, you try to obtain it.FORMAL)8.accurate = precise (precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact (correct in every detail)9.vague = obscure (unknown or known by only a few people)10.top = peak, summitpetitor = rival, opponent (especially in sports and politics)12.blame = condemn (if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinion = perspective, standpoint (means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame = prestige (describe those who are admired), reputation15.build = erect (you can erect something as building, FORMAL),establish16.insult = humiliate (do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed orstupid)plain = grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary = radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve = alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force = coerces into (coerce means you make someone do something she/he does not wantto),compel21.enlarge = magnify (magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex = intricate (if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23.Lonely = solitary (if someone is solitary, there is on one near him/her)24.small = minuscule (very small), minute25.praise = extol (stronger than praise), compliment (polite and political)26.hard-working = assiduous (someone who is assiduous works hard or does things verythoroughly)27.difficult = arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot ofefforts)28.poor (soil) = barren, infertile (used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot beplanted on it)29.fragile = brittle, vulnerable (someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally orphysically)30.show = demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people)31.big = massive (large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal (use this word, you emphasizesomething’s large), tremendous (INFORMAL)32.avoid = shun (if someone shuns something, she/he deliberately avoid that something or keepaway from it)33.fair = impartial (someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision orsomething.)34.stack = assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35.dislike = abhor (abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons),loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin = devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)37.always = invariably (the same as always, but better than always)38.forever = perpetual (a perpetual state never changes), immutable (something immutable willnever change or be changed)39.surprise = startle (it means surprise you slightly), astound (surprise you to a large degree),astonish (the same as astound)40.enthusiasm = zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)41.quiet = tranquil (calm and peaceful), serene (calm and quiet)!42.expensive = exorbitant (it means too expensive that it should be)43.luxurious = lavish (impressive and very expensive), sumptuous (grand and very expensive)44.boring = tedious (if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)45.respect = esteem (if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)46.worry = fret (if you fret about something, you worry about it)47.cold = chilly (unpleasantly cold), icy (extremely cold)48.hot = boiling (very hot)49.dangerous = perilous (very dangerous, hazardous, especially to people’s safety and health)50.nowadays = currently51.only = unique (the only one of its kind), distinctive;52.stop = cease (if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)53.part = component (the components of something are the parts that it is made of)54.result = consequence (the results or effects of something)55.obvious = apparent, manifest56.based on = derived from (can see or notice them very easily)57.quite = fairly58.pathetic = lamentable (very uncomfortable and disappointing)59.field = domain (a particular field of thought, activities or interent)60.appear = emerge (come into existence)61.whole = entire (the whole of something)62.wet = moist (slightly wet), damp (slightly wet), humid (very damp and hot)!63.wrong = erroneous (incorrect or partly correct)64.difficult = formidable65.change = convert (change into another form)66.typical = quintessential (this word means represent a typical example of something)67.careful = cautious (very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent (careful and sensible)68.ability = capacity, capability (the same as ability)69.strange = eccentric (if some one is eccentric, she/he behaves in a strange way, or his/heropinion is different from most people)70.rich = affluent (if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e = utilize (the same as use)72.dubious = skeptical (if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)73.satisfy = gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)74.short = fleeting, ephemeral (if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)75.scholarship = fellowship76.angry = enraged (extremely angry)77.smelly = malodorous (used to describe an unpleasant smell)78.ugly = hideous (if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)79.attractive = appealing (pleasing and attractive), absorbing (something absorbing can attractyou a great deal)80.diverse = miscellaneous (a miscellaneous group consists of many different kind of things)81.disorder = disarray, chaos82.crazily = frantically (used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)83.rapid = meteoric (ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves successquickly)84.ordinary = mundane (very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)85.despite = notwithstanding (FORMAL)86.best = optimal (used to describe the best level something can achieve)87.sharp = acute (severe and intense)88.unbelievable = inconceivable (if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unliketo happen)89.puzzle = perplex (something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/herbecause he/she does not understand it)90.method = avenue (away of getting something done)91.famous = distinguished (used to describe people who are successful in their career)92.ancient = archaic (extremely old and old-fashioned)93.decorate = embellish (embellish means make something look more attractive via decoratingit with something else)94.possible = feasible (if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)95.rare = infrequent (doesn’t happen often)96.greedy = rapacious (greedy and selfish)。
新托福阅读必考同义词汇总
新托福阅读必考同义词汇总新托福阅读必考同义词汇总!托福考试中同义词是大家非常容易弄混的单词，所以大家一定要找对方法，找对思路才能不出现盲区，来看看小编整理出的这份新托福阅读必考同义词内容吧。
A:absorb=appealappealing=attractive=charming=invitingabsorbed by=compensate forabsorbed=engrossed=fully engaged inabundant=plentifulaccommodate=provide foraccomplished=achieved=completed=finished小马为大家研发出新的托福备考神器，小马托福APP把历年的托福机经以及最新更新考前预测内容的大范围、小范围、逆天版机经从纸质型做成APP机经库，让大家直接体验托福机经在线模考环境;界面及内容设计完全依照真实的新托福听力环境，并同时给出了TPO1-34模考题及答案解析；小马托福听力APP开启两种模式：“修炼”、“闯关”，两大模式进行魔鬼式训练。
另外还有5000+词汇、1000+经典句子、200+文章。
同学们可以扫一扫下面的二维码下载下来感受一下。
accumulate=collectaccumulation=collection更多精彩攻略访问1accurately=correctly=exactly=preciselyaddress=speechadjacent (to)=nearby=neighboring=adjoiningadvent=arrival: with the advent of high speed internet=affair=matteraggravate= worsenakin to=similar to: alike= available= astray= afraid=aware= alone= alive= asleep= aloft allied with=link to: allied countriesallocate=designate=distributealmost=nearlyaloft=overheadalter=change=transformalthough=butaltogether=completelyamenity=pleasantample=plentiful: ample amplify amplifieramplificationannual= yearly anniversary: semiannuallyantiseptic= cleanantithesis=opposeapparent=obvious=evidentappreciable= noticeableapproach= come closer toapproach= way= means= methodardent=enthusiastic (about)argue=debateargue (that)=hold (that)更多精彩攻略访问2article=itemarticulate=formulateas well as=in addition to= andas well= also= tooassertion=strong statementassistance=benefitassistance=help= aidassume=take onassume=imagineastute=agileastute=cleverat random=not plannedattribute=characteristicattribute to=owe toavid=enthusiastic=ardent=eager------------------------------------B:barrier=obstaclebe bound to=be obliged to=ought to= shouldbe consistent with=be compatible withbear in mind=rememberbeing=creatureblend=combineblocked=prevented以上是小编对新托福阅读必考同义词汇总的详细介绍，大家对于一些同义词汇有所了解后发现一些词义是相通的，这样大家再也不用担心词穷的问题了，快去背一背吧!更多精彩攻略访问3。
托福阅读近意词
托福阅读近意词ded=extra( 答案还有continuing)ascribed to--assumed to be true of afford--provide/purchase/originate/require available--obtainableanchor=hold in a placeapparent--obviousabstract = concrete 文中找反意alertAdvance = improvementbeckon= inviteaccomplished = achievedbeckoning (引诱人的, 令人心动Admit (permit to enter) =let inAdjusted = modificated (adjusted adj.调整过的 )Annually = yearlyavenue (大路，手段方法) = means advent--introduce（不确定）a matter ofspeculation--supposition(speculation的同义词)adjusted--modificated advance--improvementaccumulate-- collect/press down，（它在原文的句子是the diamonds accumulate in the 什么地方，是因为它的什么什么的特点） appeal--attractionattachment to --preference forarray=range n.排列, 编队, 军队, 衣服, 大批 vt.部署, 穿着, 排列counter of = in the opposite ofattendant-- accompanyingCritical = significant第 1 页共 12 页的)=invitingBreed = reproduce (breed v.(使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养n.品种, 种类 ) beckoning=inviting breed--reproduce budding brilliant--bright barriers boost --raise boom--expansion beneficial--advantageous classicconstant = stablecounter of = in the opposition of continual = constant consistently= regularlyCritical = significant critical --importantDetractor = critic (detractor n.诽谤者, 恶意批评者)diffusion (笔试：diffuse = travel)critical --essentialdistinguish = notice from the differencechisel==carveDistribute = spreadcounter of--in the opposite of constantly -----regularly(i guess) classic--typicalclose--careful (其他选项为 final/instant/restricted) n. 结束 couple--associate commemorate--celebrate correspondence 一致 harmonies confine--limit camouflage--hide constituent--component counterpart --versionconsequently--therefore / thus convert--transform "demise"--decline, demand=need delineate这个我可能错了，但根据上下文，及其象 trace detrimental = harmful engage=involvedurable=lastingexceeded = surpassedDetermining (测定) = calculating(句中选）第 2 页共 12 页devoted to--dependent on/concentrated on/related to发明和entrepreneurial risks were devoted to the..... which has no certain profit. distribute = spread disturb-upset debate--argue decretivedetrimental--harmful dispersal daring -- bold diffuse--travel dispute--argument dangle--hung hang diversity--varieddetermining--calculating（句中选） ? = extreme evoke=stimulateemploy=useexceedingly -- extremelyendangered ( 将要绝种的) = abundant（反义词，句中选）explored, earnestestablishment--formation enclosure--surroundingEnrich = enhance 选项里有 enhance/conceal/enlargeentail = involve entail: vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给enormous--凶暴的，巨大的Erratic (不稳定的，古怪的) = irregularenhance --improve or enlargeEven= alreadyelaborate adj.精心制作的, 详细阐述的, 精Evenly = equally (evenly adv.均匀地, 平坦地 )exhibit (n. v. 展示，陈列)= feature (展出、公开 = emphasize， display, publicize, ) （句中选）even--already 恰好，正当Expanse (笔试：expand = increase) express = communicateExtraneous ( 无关紧要的，外来的，inessential, from outside) expressed--communicatedexert--causesome concerns about forest areexpressed till early 1900. expressed- municated, B.increased. exhibit--feature （句中选）endangered<-->abundant（反义词，句中选）entail----involveenrich(enhance,enlarge,conceal，根据上下文有可能选conceal,我选enhance)，expanse--areaexpanse == (笔试：expand = increase) 这一题 expanse 是考“n.区域”的意思 for instance=for examplefast (go without food) (not sure !!!, donot affect you adversely) forage==feed词汇不难,其中有even--already题.在But, even by the end of时间...,..... expendable -- unprofitable expose to--subject to细 vt.精心制作, 详细阐述 v.详细描述 embedded--encased essentially adv.本质上, 本来 ease era--period第 3 页共 12 页findingflourishing--thrivingtailors, butchers and a (host) of trades began to ... hub--center,fragment--break upGap (笔试：gap 缺口，裂口 = opening) Generate 产生, 发生hamper--make difficultyGiven = particularheed--noticegaphold -- proposehold--keep uphence =thereforeheighten--increaseharsh =drastic"indigenous"----native (in the context),hazard=dangerincorporable = includedhaul (拖拉, 拖运 )= pullimmediately = closest( 说类人猿是人类最Heightening (提高，升高) = increasing hider = interfere ???? (笔试：hide = conceal) highlight /layer==inner ????? Hub 中心=centerHydroelectric (adj.水力发电的 ) highlight/layer---inner hider-interfereheightening--increasing host--great number世纪末19世纪初美国制造业的革新.其中有一题近的进化祖先)In and of themselves (not sure) = alone Incorporable= Included (Incorporable adj.可结合的, 可包含的 ) indemention Initiate =begin;Instant = moment (adj. N. 片刻，瞬间) Invariably = always initiate =begin;in spite of that : HOWEVERimmediately: closest( 说类人猿是人类最近的进化祖先)hollow n.洞, 窟窿, 山谷 adj.空的, 虚伪的, 空腹的, 凹的 adv.<口>彻底vi.形成空洞vt.挖空, 弄凹第 4 页共 12 页Indemention Ingemination indemnification In quantity--in a large amount of inauspicious--unfavorable intimidating 威吓, 胁迫 incidental--minor point incoherently 无条理的 incorporate--include illusion n.幻想immense adj.极广大的, 无边的, <口>非常好的ingenuity n.机灵, 独创性, 精巧, 灵活性 ingenuity-- resourcefulnessingenious adj.机灵的, 有独创性的, 精制的, 具有创造才能inhibit --hindered inhibit invade -- move into invaluable--highly usefuljeopardy=threatenJudge (判断，评价) = estimate jolting --shockingkey--significantlandscape=sceneryluxuriant=thriving( 答案还有moist) launch = start lack--without linked--connected mastery的形容词形式 -expert， maintain-continuemoreover=in addition( 答案还有thus) matter文中issuemask = disguise MASKED 伪装的，隐藏的，潜伏的 merit"milestone"---significant events ( in the context)Milestone = significant events (select in whole paragraph, spend much time for this one) Moreover-additionallymean --- signify (还有一选项intend) merit maskedmonopolize form --dominate motif--pattern monitored--observed magnitude--extend minutely adv.详细地, 精密地 minutely--finely第 5 页共 12 页minute --tiny minuscule--tinymodification--alteration(另有clarification), milestone--significant development monotonous--boring Note = record nature--character notwithstanding --despite practical/predictable/great-----p*midable(practical, not very sure)?came from a article: the American army in 1776, ----conquer pumidable difficulties---- prohibited = extremely pare away --- removePattern (n. 式样, 格调, 图案 vt. 根据图形模仿，仿造 = match, imitate) Pinnacle = high pointnote--recordPledge (保证, 誓言) = Promisepractically (几乎，差不多) = nearlyoutbreak = sudden increase（improved, upsetted, 另两个我忘了） obscure=conceal 答案有干扰选项diminishPrevious = Pastoccasion-eventPrimitive (原始的，早期的，朴实无华的) =outlet 出口，出路 occasion-event obscured- conceal obtain --acquire "prosperous"--wreathy, premise = assumption parcel out= distribute procurement= obtainearlyPrincipal = dominant Principle = ruleprocure ( 获得，取得 acquire, obtain/ 实现，完成 = bring about, effect, procure a solution) primitive: earlypurchase==grip vt.买, 购买 n.买, 购买当时选了 benifit，认为是好处之意，现在想来，还是grip（抓住）更好 Predicament 困境Premise 前提 v. 假设 =assume第 6 页共 12 页principle (two times) 1 noun form i guess means-- ruleRather than = instead of refineprincipal--mainRemedy (治疗)= cure,proximity--closenessrigorous schedule = demandingprocurement--obtain(rigorous 严格的，严厉的 demanding 要Procure===obtain pore--hole prior ----- pastpredicament: difficult situation predicament--serious situation perspective, n.透视画法, 透视图, 远景, 前途, 观点, 看法, 观点, 观察revolutionous--quick discardingprotruding--projectingrevolutional --quick discarding/(我选了punctualPunctual----没有直接对应选项(carefully(my key 表示时间精确 not sure) potential--possiblerefreshing--unusualpresumable--probablyrelevant adj.有关的, 相应的primary--dominantritual n.典礼, (宗教)仪式, 礼节 adj.典礼的,previously--before pronounced--strong pose==presenteserve == saveRadical (基础的，根本的) = fundamental (radical = drastic)(宗教)仪式的 rupture--burst radical--extreme remote--far away shortage照反义词spontaneous = unplanned change，回来查字典发现我错了) revolution--dramatical change rigorous--demanding.求高的，苛求的如：a demanding job ) Rival = competitor"ramification"--consequence; ramification--consequence redundancyremarkable--incredible第 7 页共 12 页sacred = holysubject to = vulnerable to susceptible to = prone to succession----series sparse,文中着反义词 rich scrap=fragmentset in motion = start (使开始运转，如 set the plan in motion)supplant = replaceSusceptible to (容易….的): prone to settle downstem from --- grow out ofset in motion的同义词，选项有start等 Webster地解释比较好： to give impulse to shiftSevere = harshspecified : statedSHIFTsilhouette =outlineshare = proportion (proportion 比例, 均衡, 面积, 部分vt.使成比例, 使均衡, 分摊) silhouette = outline (silhouette n.侧面影象, 轮廓)Simultaneous (同时发生的)= at the same time SiteSolicit = request (solicit v.恳求，请求) Specified (详细说明) = stateda matter of speculation (思索，推测，投机)= supposition (speculation的同义词) stunning = dramatically(不?定) 都在句中? (stunning: very surprising, very impressive ，另人印象深刻的; dramatically: 有戏剧表现力的，引人注目的) sturdy = strongsubsequent (后来的，随后的) = latersolicit==request severe--harsh sacred--holy strictstaple--important simultaneous soaked--absorbed split--dividedscorching--exceeding hot site--location staysingularly--particularly stint 紧缩节省 slightest 最轻微的第 8 页共 12 页sparingly 节俭地 spur--stimulusstaggering 惊人的，巨大的 stunned--hinderedstunt v.阻碍...发育, 妨碍...生长, 作惊人表演, 使绝招 n.发育迟缓, 矮小的人(或物), 惊人表演, 绝技 sumptuous--luxurious seekshield--protectshrink < > spread(反义)significant-- meaningful (obvious is not right)spawn--createtricky (狡猾的，棘手的，difficult) tendency==inclination teemed with--were full of Underlying = inner (underlying adj.在下面的, 隐含的，implicit 如 underlying meaning)underpinning (基础, 支柱, 支撑 a support or foundation)Unqualified (不合格的，无限制的，绝对的) = completeutilitarian = functional (文中选) (utilitarian adj.功利的, 实利的, 功利主义的 n.功利论者 )unqualified =complete; utilitarian =functionaluniversally--without exceptionspot--identifyunrestricted--unlimitedsnap--breakundergone--experiencedshied away from--avoiduniform"tangible"---physicalvigorous = strongtracts (of land) = areavexing = difficult (not sure) (vex: 使恼怒，?=take advantage of Tangible = materialteasers (爱戏弄人的人/ 难题 a puzzling problem) tip 舌尖vehicle--meansTransfer = movevariability==tendency to change第 9 页共 12 页使痛苦, puzzle, annoy) volatile-- vast--immense vast--greatwithstand==persist >avoid/persist? 原文是：...brick withstood the weathering for a long time... withstand=resist wear--usewhatever --in any case/ at any rate/at all eventforsook-->leftsignature-->identifying characteristics standardized-->uniform orientation-->arrangementterrain-->ground delineate-->outline prescribing-->assigning promotes-->contributes to indicators-->signs obviously-->clearlywary--cautious way station--stop？= yet 选项还有however / in addition. yield--provide pp中的单词替换game-->animals teemed with-->were full ofpronounced-->strong fragment-->break up establishment-->formation consequently-->thereforeheighten-->increase previously-->before era-->perioddriven-->pushed poses-->presents variability-->tendency to change substantially-->significantly monitored-->observed capable of using-->able to use shift-->change components-->elementscommon-->shared broad-->general overlapping-->sharing characteristics compelled-->forced stumbledupon-->accidental adapted-->modified tedious-->tiresome facilitating-->easing freezing-->haltingcontexts-->settings accommodate-->allow for pounding-->hitting conspicuous-->noticeable assess-->evaluatetoxin-->poison diverge-->move apart depicted-->presentedprecision-->accuracy obvious-->clear feed-->satisfysources-->supplies means-->methods flourishing-->thrivinguniverisally-->without exception anxious-->eagerat bay-->under control soaked up-->absorded split-->divided第 10 页共 12 页scorching-->exceedingly hot attributed-->creditedsuccessive-->subsequentstimulates-->causes scarcity-->shortage encourageed-->promoted vast-->great affords-->providesremote-->far away available-->obtainable vehicle-->means in essence-->basically constitutes-->consists of gradually-->little by little diminished-->reduceddiversity-->variety expanses-->areas prior-->pastacceleration-->speeding up essential-->fundamentaloutgroeth-->result incentive-->motive impede-->obstructsevere-->large convert-->transform magnitude-->extent beneficial-->advantageous envisioned-->conceived of scan-->examine orbiting-->revoling power-->strength cases-->situations exhibit-->show unusual-->uncommonthus-->consequently constant-->continued sequence-->succession attain-->reach on the otherhand-->however solitary-->lonerotates-->turns allocates-->designates spoken for-->claimed status-->position in its own right-->independentconceiving-->imagining support-->sustain alternative-->optionsequence-->order periodic-->regular elsewhere-->in other places hampering-->restricting accelerated-->speeded up subjected to-->placed underadjacent-->nearby account for-->explains roughly-->approximatelypuzzle-->question convert-->transform spend-->use practical-->realistic critical-->importanttracing-->following vital-->important components-->parts occasionally-->sometimes aquatic-->marine apparently-->seemingly conveys-->communicatatesreacting-->responding repel-->ward off waves-->groups rocked-->movedcapital-->money prevailing-->dominant laden-->filled split-->divided anticipated-->expectedliabilities-->limitationscompelling-->powerful nature-->quality reinforced-->strengtheneddiscovers-->learns result-->consequence第 11 页共 12 页dislodge-->remove tasks-->responsibilities forage for-->hunt fordissemination-->spreadadvocating-->recommendinglittle more than-->simplymere-->insignificant flavor-->essence dispersal-->distribution segment-->part complex-->elaborateproposed-->hypothesizedvariation-->changesubsequently-->afterwardinquiring-->curious alternative-->different reproduce-->copyadorn-->decorate suggests-->indicates refined-->perfectedpinnacle-->high pointrecurred-->reappearedrather-->instead at least-->at the minimum accompany-->join第 12 页共 12 页。
托福阅读词义替换表汇总
托福阅读词义替换表汇总为了帮助大家熟悉托福阅读词汇题，为大家带来托福阅读词汇题同义替换表一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。
更多精彩尽请关注!托福阅读词义替换表1monumentaladj. 不朽的;纪念碑的;非常的enormousadj. 庞大的，巨大的;凶暴的，极恶的elaborateadj. 精心制作的;详尽的;煞费苦心的vt. 精心制作;详细阐述;从简单成分合成(复杂有机物)vi. 详细描述;变复杂substantiatevt. 证实;使实体化confirmvt. 确认;确定;证实;批准;使巩固Refinementn. 精制;文雅;[化工][油气][冶] 提纯suppressvt. 抑制;镇压;废止definevt. 定义;使明确;规定identifyvt. 确定;鉴定;识别，辨认出;使参与;把。
看成一样vi. 确定;认同;一致apparentadj. 显然的;表面上的seeminglyadv. 看来似乎;表面上看来curiousadj. 好奇的，有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的criticaladj. 鉴定的;[核] 临界的;批评的，爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的essentialadj. 基本的;必要的;本质的;精华的n. 本质;要素;要点;必需品fundamentallyadv. 根本地，从根本上;基础地boostvt. 促进;增加;支援vi. 宣扬;偷窃n. 推动;帮助;宣扬flourishn. 兴旺;茂盛;挥舞;炫耀;华饰vt. 夸耀;挥舞vi. 繁荣，兴旺;茂盛;活跃;处于旺盛时期prospervi. 繁荣，昌盛;成功vt. 使。
成功;使。
昌盛;使。
繁荣thrivevi. 繁荣，兴旺;茁壮成长favorableadj. 有利的;良好的;赞成的，赞许的;讨人喜欢的elusiveadj. 难懂的;易忘的;逃避的;难捉摸的allegevt. 宣称，断言;提出。
作为理由excavatevt. 挖掘;开凿vi. 发掘;细查托福阅读词义替换表21. imaginative=creative2. constant=unchanging3. discard=abandon4. suspicion=distrust5. flexible=adaptable; bendable6. cramped=confined7. static=unchanging8. outweigh=exceed9. consensus=agreement10. document=record11. merely=only; simply12. lucrative=profitable13. context=environment14. a wealth of=abundant15. drastic/drastically=severe; radical/dramatically16. sphere=area; side17. modest=relatively small18. relics=remains19. sufficient=adequate; enough; rich20. an insight into=an understanding of21. case in point=good example22. indigenous=native23. conflicting=contradictory; opposing24. adopt=start to use25. momentous=very important26. ample=plentiful27. assume=take on生词表imaginativeadj. 富于想象的;有创造力的constantadj. 不变的;恒定的;经常的n. [数] 常数;恒量discardvt. 抛弃;放弃;丢弃vi. 放弃n. 抛弃;被丢弃的东西或人abandonn. 放任;狂热vt. 遗弃;放弃suspicionn. 怀疑;嫌疑;疑心;一点儿vt. 怀疑distrustvt. 不信任n. 不信任怀疑bendable可弯曲的crampn. 痉挛，绞痛;[五金] 铁夹钳vt. 束缚，限制;使。
托福阅读同义替换
a break with a departure from 分离；偏离abandon give to 放弃aberrant abnormal 异常的abolish end 废止；结束abruptly suddenly 突然地；意外地abundance plenty 丰富；大量abundantly plentifully 丰富地；大量地accelerate speed up; get faster 加速accelerate increase 增加accessible available 可利用的accidental unintentional 偶然的；无意中的acclaimed praisable 收到称赞的accompany be associated with伴随according to depending on 随......而定accordingly for that reason; consequently 因此；于是account describe 描述account for explain 解释；说明accrete come together 共生；逐渐增长accumulate build up; collect 逐步建立；聚集accumulate gradually increase in number 积累accumulate increase 增加accumulation deposit 积累；沉积acknowledge recognize 承认；认识到acquire obtain 取得；获得adept skillfull 熟练的adequate sufficient 足够的adhere stick 粘附adherent supporter 拥护者adjacency nearing 邻近；接近adjacent neighboring; nearby; near 附近的；毗邻的administer manage 管理；经营admire respect 崇拜，尊敬adorn decorate 装饰advance propose 提出advance improvement 发展；改善advent arrival；appearance 到来，出现adverse negative 不利的advocate proponent 支持者aesthetically artistically 艺术上的affectional tie emotional attachment 情感上的依附afford offer;provide 提供；给予affront insult 侮辱agency force 因素；力量agent cause 原因aggravate worsen 使恶化aggregation group 聚集；小组agitate create movement in使不安aid help 帮助albeit though；even though 虽然alert warn 警告；提醒allay reduce 减轻allege assert;suppose 主张；推测allocation distribution 分配allude to refer to 提到allusion reference 提到alter change 改变alteration change 改变alternative option 选择altogether completely 完全地amass accumulate 积累ambiguous open to more than one interpretation 模棱两可的ambitious keen; energetic 有雄心的amount to total 总共ample plentiful 充足的；丰富地amplify magnify 夸大an English innovation a new development introduced by the English 英国人的创新analogous to similar to 与......相似ancestor forefather; progenitor 祖先animate enliven 使有生气；使活泼annihilate conquer 消灭；征服annual yearly 一年一度的anomaly irregularly 异常的人或事物anonymous nameless; incognito 无名的；匿名的antagonize anger 惹恼；引起......的敌意或反感antecedent predecessor 前身；祖先apace with as fast as 与......一样快apart from besides 除......之外apparatus equipment 仪器；设备apparent in clearly seen in在......中很明显apparently seemingly 表面上；似乎appeal attraction 吸引力appealing attractive 有吸引力的applied in used for 运用于appreciate recognize 理解；认识到approach method 方法appropriate suitable 合适的approximately roughly 大约aptly appropriately 恰当的ardent enthusiastic 热情的arduous difficult 艰巨的arid dry 干旱的arise come about 出现arrangement configuration 安排；结构array large number 大量article object 物品artificial not real 人造的；非真实的assemble gather 收集；聚集asset resource; advantage 资源；有利条件assist in help with 帮助做......assistance help 帮助；协助associate connect 联系assumption belief 假定；假设assure guarantee 保证astonish surprise 使惊讶astonishing incredible; amazing 惊人的astronomical huge 巨大的at any rate regardless 无论如何at random without a definite pattern 随意地attachment to preference for 喜爱attain achieve; reach 取得；达到attendant accompanying 伴随的attest to give evidence to 作为......的证据attire clothing 服装attribute ascribe 归因attribute characteristic 特征；特性augment increase增加；提高authenticity genuineness 真实性authoritative official 权威的；官方的autonomous independent 自主的；独立的available obtainable 可获得的avenue means; methods 途径；手段back up support 支持bare exposed 裸露的barely just 仅仅barren infertile 贫瘠的barter exchange (物物) 交换basic fundamental 基本的be accustomed to get used to; be used to 习惯于be aware of be familiar with 了解be inclined tend 倾向于be termed be called; be known as 被称为behave act 表现beneficial advantageous 有利的besides in addition to 除......以外bias prejudice 偏见bind(过去分词为bound) hold 束缚；限制biting sharp 尖刻的bizarre odd 奇怪的bland dull 乏味的；无聊的blend into merge with 与......结合blot out hide 隐藏boast take pride in having 以拥有......而自豪bombard strike 炮击；轰炸boom the birthrate 婴儿潮；婴儿出生率boost raise 提升bound tied 联系bout period 一阵；一小段时间brilliance glitter 发光bulk mass 块；团；大量；众多bustling busy 繁忙的，熙熙攘攘的by virtue of because of 因为calculate determine 决定camouflage disguise 伪装、capacity potential 潜能capture catch 捕捉capture register 表现；体现cardinal fundamental 基本的carry on continue; conduct 继续；进行cast light on explain 说明；解释cast off get rid of 抛弃；消除cease stop；end 停止；终止celebrated famous 著名的celestial astronomical 天体的；天文的champion support 支持channel direct 引导chaotic disorganized 混乱的characteristic quality 性质；特性characterize distinguish 以......为特征cherish value 珍视chronic persistent 长期的；慢性的chronicle describe 记述circumscribe restrict 限制；约束circumstance condition 环境；条件class category 分类climatic weather 气候的clue indication 线索；迹象cluster group 群；组coarse crude; rough 粗糙的；粗俗的coating layer 涂层；覆盖层coin invent; create 创造coincide with happen at the same time as 同时发生collaborate cooperate 合作collective group 集体colossal enormous 巨大的commence begin 开始commonly often 通常compact compressed 紧密的；压缩的comparable equivalent 类似的；可比较的comparably similarly 类似地comparative relative 比较的；相对的compatible consistent 与......一致的compel push; force 迫使compelling persuasive 有说服力的compelling forceful 有力的compensate make up 弥补；补偿compile put together 汇编complement replacement 补充物；替代物complex elaborate 复杂的component part; element 组成部分；元素compose constitute; make up 构成；组成composition arrangement 组成comprehensive thorough; complete 全面的；全部的comprise consist of 由......组成compulsorily by requirement 强制性地compulsory required 强制的，必须的conceal cover 掩盖concede accept 让步；接受conceive consider 考虑concentrate gather 聚集concept idea 概念；主意concise simple 简明的、concur agree 同意conducive contributive 有助于......的conduct carry out 执行；进行configuration shape 形状confine restrict; limit 限制conflict oppose 相冲突；相反conjunction combination 结合；联合consecutive successive 连续的consensus agreement 一致意见consequence result 后果；结果consequent resulting 作为结果的consequently therefore 因此conserve retain 保存considerable significant 相当可观的；重大的considerable substantial; large amount of 许多的considerably significantly 相当客观的；重大的consistent constant 一贯的；不变的consistent uniform; regular 一致的consort associate （与人）来往conspicuous noticeable 明显的constant stable 稳定的；不变的constant invariable 不变的constituent component 组成成分constitute make up; comprise 构成consume destroy 破坏consume eat 消费；吃consumption utilization 消费；使用contemporary existing; modern 现存的；当代的contemporary current 当前的content argue 争论；主张contention debate 争论contention claim 主张；论点context environment 环境contingent on dependent on 取决于continued creation constant creation 连续的创造；不断的创造control manage 控制；管理controversy conflict; disagreement 争议；冲突conventional usual; tradition 通常的；传统的converge move closer 汇合convergence gathering 聚集；集中conversely on the other hand 与之相反convert change 改变convey communicate 表达；交流conviction belief 相信；信念cope adapt 应付；适应cope with deal with; handle 应付；处理core center 核心correspondingly accordingly 相应的counter overcome 对抗；抵消counter in the opposite direction 相反Counter act against 对抗Counteract negate 取消；否定Counterpart equivalent; version 对应物；版本Course duration 过程Course through run through 走过Cramped confined 狭窄的；受限制的Credible believable 可信的Crisis disturbance 危机Criteria standards 标准Critical essential 关键的Critically fundamentally 关键地Crucial essential; important; critical 关键的Crude rough; unsophisticated 原始的；粗鲁的Cue hint; clue 线索；按时Culminate climax 到达顶点Culmination high point 顶点Cumbersome burdensome 麻烦的Curb control 控制；遏制Current present 目前的Customary usual 通常的；一般的Dampen moisten 使潮湿Daring bold 大胆的Deceiving misleading 误导性的Decorating ornamental 装饰性的Deflect redirect 使偏斜；转移Deft skilled 熟练的Deliberate careful 有意的；小心的Deliberation discussion 审议；讨论Delicate fragile 脆弱的Deliver present 提交；发表Demand require 要求Demise death 死亡；终止Demonstrate show 表明Dense thick; crowded 密集的Depend rely 依赖；依靠Depict represent 描绘；表现Depict picture; describe 描绘Depict portray 描写；描绘Deplete consume; eat up; use up 耗尽；用尽Deplorable awful 糟糕的Depress lower 降低Derive gain; obtain 获得Derive from based on 源于Designate assign 指定Designation identification 指定Desolate deserted 荒凉的Despite even though 尽管Despondent unhappy 沮丧的Detect discover the presence of; find 发现Detectable apparent 可察觉的；明显的Deteriorate get worse 恶化Detrimental harmful 有害的；不利的Devastate destroy; ruin 破坏Develop vigorously development will be strong and healthy 发育充满活力Deviate depart 偏离Devise create 设计；创造Devoid of lacking in; short of 缺乏Devote dedicate 奉献；投入Dedicate determine 决定Differential uneven 差别的；不平均的Diffuse travel; spread; disperse; spread out 传播；扩散Disaster catastrophe 大灾难Discard get rid of 抛弃；消除Discern identify 识别Discernible obvious 可分辨的；明显的Discipline punish 惩罚Discount disregard 轻视；忽视Discreet careful 小心的Discrete separate 分离的Disguise hide 隐藏Dismiss reject 排斥Dispersal distribution散布；传播Disperse scatter; spread out 分散Display exhibit 展示；陈列Dispute argument 争论Disrupt upset 打破；搅乱Disruption disturbance 打扰；扰乱Disseminate spread 传播Distinct separate; different 不同的Distinct visible 明显的Distinctive characteristic; unique 有特色的；独特的Distinctly clearly 清楚地Distinguish differentiate 区分Distort misinterpret 歪曲；错误地理解Distraction difference 分散；区别Diverge separate 分离Divergence difference 不同Divergent different 不同的Diverse varied；different 各种各样的；不同的Diversification emergency of many varieties 多样化Diversify vary 多样化，变化Diversity variety 多样性Divert deflect; shift 转移Dogma belief 信条Domain field 领域；范围Dominant chief ; most common 主要的；最常见的Dominate be prevalent in 流行于；主导Dormant inactive 休眠的Drab dull 乏味的Dramatic striking 突出的；引人注目的Drastic severe; extreme 猛烈的；极端的Draw attract 吸引Dream expectation 梦想；期望Drive incentive 动力；刺激Dual double 双重的Duplicate copy 复制Durability endurance 耐久性；持久性Durable long-lasting; strong 持久的；牢固的Duration length 持续时间Dweller inhabitant 居民；居住者Dwelling house 房子Eager enthusiastic 满腔热情的Eagerly anticipate look forward to 盼望Edge advantage 优势Edible eatable 可以食用的Eerily strangely 奇怪地Efficiency effectiveness 效率；有效性Effort attempt 努力；试图Elaborate extensive; detailed 详细的Elaborately done in great detail 详细地Elaboration development 扩展Elicit bring out 引出Eliminate remove 消除Embrace welcome 欢迎Emerge appear; develop 出现；发育Emergence appearance; rise 出现Emergency crisis 紧急情况Emergent developing 正在发育的Emit give off；release 发射；排放Emit produce 产生Emphasize stress 强调Empirical based on observation 经验主义的；以经验为依据的Employ use 使用Enable help 帮助Enable allow 是能够，准许Enactment performance 履行Encompass include 包含；包括Encounter meet; face 遇到Encroachment gradual invasion 侵入Endeavor effort 努力Endless continuous 连续不断的Endow provide 提供；赋予Endure survive 幸存；忍受Endure last 持续Engage participate 参与Engage hire 雇佣Engrave carve 雕刻Enhance improvement 提升Enigmatic mysterious 神秘的Enjoy experience 经历Enormous very large; extremely large; immense 巨大的Ensuing subsequent 随后的Ensure guarantee 保证；担保Entail necessitate 使成为必要Entirely completely 完全地Entitled to given right to 有权…Entity object 物体Envelop surround 包围Episode event 事件Epitomize exemplify 成为…的典范；代表Equilibrium balance 平衡Era period of time 时代Eradicate eliminate 根除；消灭Erect build 建立；建造Erode wear down 侵蚀Erratic unpredictable 难以预测的Erroneous wrong 错误的Escalate intensify; increase 升级；恶化Essential necessary; fundamental 必要的；基本的Essential significance重要性Essentially basically 基本上Estimate projection 估计；预估Estimate judge 评估；判断Ethic set of moral principles 伦理；道德规范Eventually over time; in time; ultimately; finally 最终；最后Ever-shifting constantly changing 不断变换的Evidence indicate 表明；证明Evoke cause 引起Evolution development 进化；发展Evolve develop 进化；发展Exaggerate overstate 夸张；夸大Excavate dig；dig up 挖；挖掘Exceed surpass; go beyond 超越；超过Exceedingly extremely; highly 极其；非常Exceptional extraordinary; remarkable 非凡的Exceptionally unusually 非常地Exclude keep out 排除在外Exclusive sole 唯一的；排他性的Execute perform; produce 履行；生产Exercise utilize; use 利用Exert put 施加（影响、压力等）；行使Exert cause 引起；产生Exert utilize 利用Exhaust use up 耗尽Exhibit show; display 展示Exorbitant expensive 过度的；昂贵的Expand enlarge 扩大Expendable nonessential 非必要的；可抛弃的Explicit utilize; use to advantage; make use of 开发；利用Exponential leap rapid increase 快速增加Expose… to subject … to 使…经受; 使…遭受Exposed visible 暴露的；无遮掩的Extend stretch 延伸Extend increase 增加；扩展Extended long （时间）长的；延长的Extensive large; substantial 广泛的Extensive considerable 广泛的；客观的Extol praise 赞扬Extract remove 提取；清除Extraordinary exceptional 异常的；非凡的Fabricate construct 建造；制造Facilitate enable 使能够Facilitate make easier 使…更容易Faction side 派别Fade from disappear from 从…消失Fair significant 相当大的Faithful loyal 忠实的Fashion create; shape 创造；形成Fastened to attached to 粘附于Fastidious demanding 苛求的Fatal deadly 致命的Favor prefer 喜爱Favorable advantageous 有利的Feasible achievable；possible 可行的；可能的Feat remarkable; achievement 功绩；壮举Feed put 将…放到；将…投入Figure out map 想出Finding science discovery 研究结果Fine tiny 细小的Finely minutely 细微地First rank highest quality 第一流的Fixed firm 固定的Fixture commonplace object 固定装置；固定设施Flattering complimentary 恭维的Flaw fault 缺点；毛病Flee run away from 逃离Flourish succeed；thrive 繁荣；成功Fluctuation variation 起伏；波动Focus concentrate 集中；聚集Forage feed；search for food 觅食；搜寻食物Foremost leading 最重要的Formidable difficult; excessive 困难的；过度的Formulate form; devise 形成；设计Fortuitous lucky 幸运的Foster encourage 鼓励；促进Foul pollute 污染Fracture crack 破裂；断裂Framework structure 框架；结构Free release 释放Freestanding separate 独立的Friction conflict 摩擦；冲突Frigid cold 寒冷的Fringe border 边缘Frown on disapprove of 不赞成Fulfill satisfy 满足Functional useful; usable 有用的；可用的Fundamental basic；primary 基本的；主要的Furnish provide 提供Further additional 进步的；额外的Furthermore in addition 另外Fuse combine 合并Gain increase 增加Gap opening 缝隙；缺口Gather some momentum=make progress 进步；势头上升generate= produce；cause 产生；引起Gesture=movement 手势；动作Giant=huge 巨大的give rise to=bring about 引起Give way to=turn into=be replaced by=转变为；让位于Given=particular 特定的Glorify=praise 赞扬Glow=shine 发光Gradually=by degrees 渐渐地Graphic=vivid 生动的Grapple=struggle 斗争Gratify=satisfy 满足groundless =unfounded 无根据的grounds =reasons 根据;理由groundwork= base 基础groundwork= basis 基础groundwork= foundation 基础get accustomed to= become used to 习惯guarantee= ensure 保证;担保hallmark= characteristic n. 戳记，标志Halt=stop 停止hamper =impede；restrain 防碍;抑制haphazard= random a. 随意的harness= put into use v. 利用harness= utilize v. 利用Hardy=vigorous 有活力的Hasten=speed up 加速haul= pull；load v. 拉；一批赃物；一批违禁品hazard =danger n. 危险heed= notice v. 留心;注意heighten= increase v. 增加;提高heir= inheritor n. 继承人;后继者hence= therefore ad. 因此heritage =legacy n. 遗产;传统heritage= tradition n. 遗产;传统heterogeneous= varied a. 由不同种类组成的Highlight=emphasize 强调hinder= interfere with v. 妨碍hint= clue n. 暗示;迹象hint= implication n. 暗示;迹象hint= indication n. 暗示;迹象hint= lead n. 暗示;迹象Hinge on=depend on 取决于Hinterland=region 内地homogeneous =uniform a. 同种的Humble=modest 简陋的Humid=moist 湿润的hypothetical =supposed a. 假设的;假定的Ideal=perfect；excellent 完美的identical= exactly alike 同样的ignite= set on fire v. 点燃Ill=problemIlluminate=clarify；light 阐明；照亮Illusory=misleading 虚幻的Imaginative=creative 想象力丰富的Imitate=copy；simulate 模仿Immeasurably=greatly 巨大的Immediate =nearby 临近的Immense=enormous 巨大的Immensely=extremely 非常Immobile=motionless 静止的Immunity=protection 免疫Immutable=unchangeable 不变的Impair=reduce 减少Impediment=obstruction 阻碍Impetus=stimulus；incentive 刺激Implausible=unbelievable 难以置信的Implement=execute；put into action 执行Implement=tool 工具Impose....on=place....on;force....on 强加于Imposing=impressive 深刻印象的In place of =instead of 代替In tandem=together 一起；同时In the long run=eventually 长期最后In the same breath = immediately 立刻inaccessible= unreachable a. 难接近的inadvertently= unintentionally ad. 非故意地inadvertently =without knowing ad. 非故意地Inaugurate=introduce 开始，引入Incandescent=luminous 发光的Incentive=motivation 刺激；驱动Inception=beginning 开始Incise=carve；cut 雕刻Inclination=tendency；preference 爱好incorporate= include v. 包含incorporate= merge v. 吸收Incredible=unbelievable 难以置信的Indeterminate=uncertain 不确定的indication= sign 迹象indigenous =native a. 本土的;土生土长的Indiscriminately=at random 随意的indispensable =essential a. 不可缺少的indispensable= necessary a. 不可缺少的indispensable= needed a. 不可缺少的indispensable= required a. 不可缺少的indispensable= vital a. 不可缺少的indispensable= significant(重要的) a. 必不可少的induce =bring v. 引起induce =cause v. 引起Inducement=incentive 引发inevitable= unavoidable a. 不可避免的inflate= expand；enlarge v. 膨胀;扩大ingenious= very clever a. 心灵手巧的ingenuity= cleverness n. 心灵手巧;独创性ingenuity= creativeness n. 心灵手巧;独创性ingenuity= inventiveness n. 心灵手巧;独创性ingenuity= resourcefulness n. 心灵手巧;独创性Influx=arrival 到来Infrequent=uncommon 不常见的inherent= essential a. 内在的;固有的inherent= internal a. 内在的;固有的inherent= instinctive a. 与生俱来的inherent= in characteristic of a. 与生俱来的inherently =essentially ；necessarily ad. 固有地;内在的inhibit =hinder v. 约束;抑制inhospitable= unfavorable a. 冷淡的;不适宜的inhospitable= adverse a. 冷淡的;不适宜的initial= first a. 最初的initially =originally ad. 最初;开头initiate= begin v. 开始;创始initiate =start v. 开始;创始innovative= new a. 创新的Innumerable=countless 无数的Insights=understanding 理解Insights into= an understanding of 理解Insignificant=unimportant 不重要的install= put in place v. 放置，安置instant= moment n. 片刻;瞬间instantaneous= immediate a. 即刻的instigate= incite；cause v. 唆使;煽动Institute=establish 建立instructive= informative v. 富有教育意义的insufficient= inadequate a. 不足的intact= untouched a. 完好的intangible= immaterial a. 无形的integral= essential a. 构成整体所需要的intense =strong a. 强烈的Intensive=concentrated 集中的intentionally= deliberately ad. 有意地;故意地Interchangeable=equivalent 等值的Interfere=hinder 干扰Interference=obstruction 干扰Interlock=link 联系Intermittently=periodically 周期性的Interpret=understand 理解Interval=distance距离Intervention=influence 干预intimate =close a. 亲密的intricate= complex a. 复杂的intricate =carefully shaped a. 复杂的intrigue= interest v. 引发…兴趣intriguing= fascinating a. 迷人的intrinsic= essential a. 本质的;内在的intrinsic= inherent a. 本质的;内在的Intrinsically=fundamentally 本质上intrusive= invasive a. 侵入的invade= move into v. 入侵;侵犯invaluable= highly useful a. 极宝贵的invariably= always ad. 始终如一地;一贯地Invoke=call upon 唤起invoke =appeal v. 垦求,祈求jolting= shocking 震动的;震惊的Joint=combined 联合的Justify=support 支持=prove v. 证明...是正当的Justly=rightly 合理地Key=important;critical 重要的Laborious=difficult 困难的Lament=complain 哀悼；抱怨Largely=mostly 大部分Lateral=side 一侧的launch= start v. 发起;发动Legacy=heritage 遗产Legendary=famous 传奇的；著名的Legible=recognizable 可辨认的legitimately= properly ad. 正当地;合法地Lid=cover 盖子liken= compare 比较likewise= similarly ad. 同样地linger= wander v. 徘徊;漫步=remain 保持Link=connection 联系Litter=cover 散落于livelihood= means of support n. 生活;生计Living=attractive 生动的；迷人的Load=weight 负重locale= place n. 现场;场所Lure=attract 引诱Magnify= intensify放大；强化Magnify= enlarge;increase 放大；扩大magnitude =extent;size 巨大;广大;范围，大小maintainpreserve 维持；坚持；保持Major=principal 主要的重要的Make it=arrive 成功Make the most of=get the best yield from 充分利用Mandate=require 要求Manipulate=controlmarked =considerable ；noticeable显着的markedly =noticeably 显著地Marvelous=wonderful 非凡的Mask=cover；disguise 伪装；遮盖Massive=huge 巨大的Match=equal 匹配Mature=develop 成熟，发展Meager=thin；very low 较少的Means=method 方法Mechanisms=ways 方式Merely=only 仅仅Merge=combine 联合；合并Merit=worth 优点meteoric=rapid迅速的Meticulous=careful 一丝不苟的milestone= significant event n. 里程碑; 划时代的事mimic= imitate v. 模仿mimic= copy v. 模仿miniature= small a. 微型的minuscule= tiny a. 微型的minute= tiny a. 微小的minute =very small a. 微小的Miraculous=amazing 神奇的modest =limited(有限的)；simple 适度的；简陋的modest= not too large (不大的)；small 适度的；较小的Modestly=humbly 谦虚地Modify=change 改变modification =alteration n. 修改;改变momentous= significant a. 重要的Monochrome=one-color 单色monitor= observe v. 监控;监视monopolize= dominate(支配) v. 独占；垄断Monopoly=domination 支配Monumental=significant；gigantic 巨大的moreover= in addition;furthermore此外motif= pattern;design 图案Motion=movement 运动mundane= material a. 世俗的;平凡的mundane= ordinary a. 世俗的;平凡的myriad= countless a. 大量的;无数的myriad= innumerable a. 大量的;无数的myriad= numerous a. 大量的;无数的Naturally=unsurprisingly 自然地Necessitate=require 需要Neglect=fail 忽视；未能Negligence=carelessness 粗心大意Nevertheless=however 然而Norm=rule；standard 标准Notable=remarkable 引人瞩目的Notably=especially 特别是Nothing more than=simply 仅仅是Notice=observe 注意到Notion=idea 想法Notwithstanding= despite；in spite of；although 虽然; 尽管Novel=innovative;new 创新的；新颖的Now and then=occasionally 偶尔objective =purpose；unbiased 目标；客观的Oblige=require 迫使；需求Obscure= hide v. 使模煳obscure =unclear a. 模煳的Obscure= not clear a. 模煳的obsession =with fixation on 痴迷;迷恋obtain =acquire 取得;获得obvious =evident；apparent 明显的occasionally = once in a while adv. 偶尔地Offset= compensate v. 补偿;抵销Offset= balance v. 补偿;抵销Offset= make up v. 补偿;抵销抵销On the threshold of =at the start of 在....的开始Once=after 一旦；在...之后Onset= start；beginning 开始Optimal= most advantageous;best最佳的option =choice 选项;选择Ornate=elaborate 设计繁杂的Oscillate=swing 摆动Ostentatious=showy 炫耀的Out of sight=hidden 隐藏的Outbreak=beginning 爆发；开始Outdated=old-fashioned 过时的outermost= farthest away 最远的Outline=summarize 概述Outstanding=excellent 杰出的Overlie=cover 位于....上面Oversee=supervise 监督Overshadow=distract from 黯然失色Overtake=surpass 超过Overtaxed=heavily burdened 负担过重的Overwhelming=powerful 压倒性的；有力的Pace=rate 比率Palatable=appealing 美味的Pale=lose significance 相形见绌Paradox=contradiction 矛盾；冲突Paradoxically=surprisingly 矛盾地Particularly=especially 特别地Partitioning=division 分割Pattern=design 图案；花样Peak; maximum ;top 最大值Peculiar ;unusual；strange 独特的；奇怪的Penchant; inclination 倾向；嗜好Penetrate ；go through; pierce 穿透Peril；danger 危险Period；era；time 时期；时代Periodically；regularly；定期地Periphery；edge；outer edge 外缘Permanent；everlasting；永久的Permeat; penetrate; spread through 渗透；弥漫Perpetuate；maintain；continue 维持；持续存在Perplex；puzzle 使困惑Persevere；continue 坚持；持续Persist；continue坚持；持续Persistent；enduring 坚持的；持续的Perspective；viewpoint；point of view 观点Persuasively；convincingly；令人信服地；有说服力的Pertinent；relevant 相关的Pervade；permeate 渗透Pervasive；widespread；普遍的Pessimistic；negative 悲观的；负面的Phenomenon；occurrence；event；fact 现象；事件；事实Pick up；follow 跟踪Picture；imagine；想象Pinpoint；identify precisely；locate exactly 确定；精准定位Pioneer；initiate；开创；开始Pioneer；leader；innovator 领袖；创新者Pit；hole 洞Place；deposit放置；沉积Plausible；believable；credible 可信的Plot；area 一小块（土地）；面积Plug；fill up塞住；填满Plunge；drop 落下Ponderous；heavy 落下Pore；hole 洞；孔Pose；present 构成Position；job；职位Postulate；hypothesize；suggest 假定；表明Potent；powerful有力的Potential；possible有可能的Practical；usable 实际的；可用的Practically;nearly；almost几乎；差不多Pragmatic；practical 实用的；实际的Precarious；uncertain不确定的Precede；come before 先于…到来Precious；valuable宝贵的Precise；accurate；exact 准确的Precision；accuracy 精确；准确Prediction；expectation 预测；预期Predominant；principal 主要的Preeminent；important 杰出的；重要的Prefer；favor；喜欢Preponderance；majority（数量上的）优势，大多数Preposterous ；unbelievable 令人难以置信的Prerequisite；requirement 要求；先决条件Preserve；protect from destruction 保存；收到保护Preside over；manage 主持；管理Prestige；status 威望；地位Prestigious；highly regarded；distinguished 享有声望的Presumably；probably；supposedly大概；可能Prevail；dominate 流行；占主导地位Prevailing；most frequent；dominant 最常见的；主导的Prevalent；widespread 流行的；广泛的Primarily；chiefly 主要地Prime；principal；main主要的Primitive；undeveloped 未开发的Principal；main；major 主要的Prior to；before；preceding 在…之前Pristine；pure清新的；淳朴的Prize；value 重视Probe；explore 调查；探索Profound；far-reaching；deep 深远的；深刻的Progressive；increasing进步的；渐增的Progressively；increasingly；gradually 渐增地；逐渐地Project；estimate 推测；估计Proliferation；increase；growth 增长；增加Prolific；fruitful；productive 多产的Prolong；extend 延长Prolonged;lengthy 持续很久的；拖延的Prominent；leading；distinguished；eminent 突出的；杰出的Prominent；noticeable 显著的Promote；encourage 鼓励；促进Promptly；quickly 讯速地Prone；likely 倾向于…的Pronounced ；clear；definite；notable明显的；显著的Propagate；reproduce；multiply繁殖；大量增加Propel；push推进；推动Property；characteristic 特点Proponent；supporter支持者Propose；suggest 建议Propulsion；moving forward 推进；向前移动Prospect；possibility 可能性Prosper；flourish 繁荣；成功Provide；supply 提供Provided that；as long as 只要Provision；supply 供给Provoke；bring about；引起；激起Proxy；substitute 代替Pry off；remove 撬开；取出Pursue;chase 追求Q Quantifiable;measurable 可以量化的；可以测量的R Radically；extremely极端地Random；chance；unpredictable 随机的；不可预测的Range；vary；变化；变动Rapidity；swiftness 迅速Rare；infrequent；不经常的Rate；judge评判Rather；instead相反Rather than；instead of而不是Rational；sensible；logical理性的Raw；unprocessed 生的；未加工的Readily；easily 容易地Realization；awareness；recognition 认识；意识Realm；area 领域Rear；raise培养Reasonable；sufficient 合理的；足够的Rebound；recovery 恢复；反弹Receptive to；ready for 乐于…的Reconcile；compromise 调和Record；document 记录Refine；improve 改善Refreshing；unusual；清新的；不寻常的Regard；consider 认为Regardless of；no matter what；in spite of无论；尽管Regulate；control控制Relatively；comparatively 比较而言；相对地Release；emit释放Relevant；applicable 相关的；适用的Relics；remains 残余；残骸Reluctant；unwilling 不情愿的Rely；depend依赖Remarkable；extraordinary非凡的Remedy；cure 治疗方案Remnant；residue；remains残留物Remote；difficult toreach遥远的Render；make 使得Renowned；famous有名的Replenish；refill；restore重新装满；恢复Replete with；full of充满…的Representative；typical典型的Repudiate；reject 驳斥Resemble；look like；appear similar toResolve;find a solution for;解决Respectively；separately 分别地Response；reaction；反应Restrict；limit 限制Resume；begin again；restart重新开始Resurgence；comeback 复苏；再现Retain；maintain；keep 保持Retract；pull back 缩回Retrieve；recover找回Retrospect；look back 回顾Reveal；show揭示；表明Revere；respect 尊敬；尊重Revert；return 返回Revise；change改变Revitalize；bring new life to 复兴；使获得新生Revolutionize；dramatically change 彻底改变Rice-deficient portions；the parts that do not have enough rice 稻米供应不足的地方Rigidly；strictly 严格地Ritual；ceremonial 仪式的Rival；competing竞争的Robust；strong 强壮的Roll back; reduce 降低；减少Rot；decay；腐烂；腐败Rotate；turn；旋转Roughly；approximately；almost；大概；大约Rudiment；basis；基础Rudimentary；basic；基本的Rupture；burst；爆裂Rural；agricultural；乡村的SSample；example；样本；例子Sanitation；health；卫生Satisfy；fulfill；满足Save；except；除…之外Scale；climb；攀登Scarce；rare；limited ；稀有的；有限的Scatter；diffuse；disperse；分散Scenario；situation；情景Scented；fragrant；有气味的；芳香的Scheme；proposal 计划；方案。
新托福阅读必考同义词
A:absorb=appealappealing=attractive=charming=inviting absorbed by=compensate for absorbed=engrossed=fully engaged in abundant=plentiful accommodate=provide foraccomplished=achieved=completed=finished accumulate=collect accumulation=collectionaccurately=correctly=exactly=precisely address=speechadjacent (to)=nearby=neighboring=adjoiningadvent=arrival: with the advent of high speed internet= affair=matter aggravate= worsenakin to=similar to: alike= available= astray= afraid=aware= alone= alive= asleep= aloft allied with=link to: allied countries allocate=designate=distribute almost=nearly aloft=overhead alter=change=transform although=but altogether=completely amenity=pleasantample=plentiful: ample amplify amplifieramplificationannual= yearly anniversary: semiannually antiseptic= clean antithesis=opposeapparent=obvious=evident appreciable= noticeable approach= come closer to approach= way= means= method ardent=enthusiastic (about) argue=debate argue (that)=hold (that) article=item articulate=formulate as well as=in addition to= and as well= also= too assertion=strong statement assistance=benefit assistance=help= aid assume=take on assume=imagine astute=agile astute=clever at random=not planned attribute=characteristic attribute to=owe toavid=enthusiastic=ardent=eager－－－－--------------------------－－－－－－ B:barrier=obstaclebe bound to=be obliged to=ought to= should be consistent with=be compatible with bear in mind=remember being=creature blend=combine blocked=preventedblossom=thrive bold=brave boldly=bravely bombast=hitbreakthrough=sudden advance broad appeal=wide popularity broadly=extensively=widely bulk=main part bulk=great quantity――――――――――――――――― C:cache=hoard calculate=determinecapitalize on=take advantage of carting=transporting cast=sample certainty=exactness chronic=constant chronically=constantlyclaim=maintain=hold=argue that oushgg[jip claimed=declared cluster=group coalesce=fuse=unite cohesion=collaborate=cooperate collectively=together collide with=run into compelling= urgent: complement=supplement compliment= praise completely=totally= entirelycomponent=constituent=element=ingredient comprehensive= comprise=include conceive= imagine=consider concentrate on=center on=focus on concern=interest conclude=decide condition=situation conduct=controlconfiguration=arrangement confronted=facedconsequence=result; outcome consider=think about=regard considerable=large consist of=be made up ofconsistent=regular: what he is doing is not consistentwith what he said. constellation=collection constitute=composeconstruct= set up=build=establish consume= use up=eat up contrive=create=plan=invent controlled=strongly structured controversy=disagreement conversion=change convert into=change to convert=transform convertible= can be folded convince= make people believeconvicted=condemned=doomed=sentenced to death/lifelong imprisonmenthe is destined/doomed to death cope with=deal with=handle=tackle core=central idea= heart=kernel=center corroborative=确定的=证实的 counter=opposecounterclockwise= anticlockwise countervailing=compensating courageous=brave=bold cover=include creative=inventive critically=crucially crude=tough=original= raw crude oil/ crude diamond －－－－－－－－－－ D:debate=arguedecade=a period of ten years decimate=destroydelegate= assign=appoint=envoy ambassador delicate=dainty delicate= fragile demand= request= require demolition=destruction demolish=destroy dependable=reliabledesert=abandon=give up=discard determining= deciding= main devise=createdevice=equipment=instrument devote to=dedicate todevotion=dedication devoted=dedicateddictate= rule=reign=govern=decide diligent= hard-working=industrious dim=decrease: Do not read in dim lights.diminish=remove= reduce: become smaller and smaller discard=abandon=desert=throw awaydiscern=tell the difference: They are twins= and can youdiscern any difference between them? discernible=differentdischarge= charge= rechargeable= discharge There is chemistry between us. No chemistry. disintegrate= rot=decay=spoil=decompose disoperation=harm disperse=scatter spread disposition=temperament dissemination=spread distinction=difference distinction=outstanding distribution=dispersion distribution=allocation=allot diversity=variety=many and different documented=recorded domestic=homedraft=sketch=drawing=outline dramatic=striking draw=attractduplicate=copy=xerox dweller=resident=inhabitant=settler －－－－－－－－－－ E:eager to do=enthusiastic about earned=acquired=obtained=won elaborate=detailed elaborate=complicated eliminate=remove embed=implant emerge=arise=appear emergence=appearance emergent=developing encompass=include endangered= in dangerendeavor=attempt= enterprise=strive endeavors=enterprises=effort engage in=participate in=involve engross=absorb enlarge=broaden enlist=obtainenrich=enhance=improve enroll to one=combine enterprising=innovative environment=settings=background equipped=furnished: erode=diminish erroneous=wrong error=mistake escalate=grow=expand estimate=approximate euphoria=extreme happiness euphoric=extremely happyeventually=finally= in the end= at last= ultimately evident=apparent=obviousevidence= appearance= observation evolve=developexacerbate=worsen=deteriorate examine= check exceedingly=extremely exclusively= sole=unique exert=give exhausted=tired expedience=advantage expend=useexplicit=clear: explain implicit imply explicitly=clearly exposure=disclosure extant<->extinct extant=remaining extant=existing=livingextend=reach: you should extend your stay in Canada extent=degree=magnitude=scale: to some extent= extol=praise extracted=removed extraordinary=exceptional －－－－－－－－－－ F:fade away= My first boyfriend left me 5 years ago= andmy memory of him is fading away.familiar=well-known=popular=famous: be familiarwith/to far-reaching=broad fashionable=popularfashion out of=make from (fashion from/out of/into) function as= act as=serve asaddictive/initiative ferry=carry fierce=aggressivefixing= repairing/ positioning flake=fragment=segment flexible=adaptable float=stay on the topfluctuation= move/wave/rise and fall focal area=centerforage for=hunt for=search for forge=create form=were created foster=encourage fragile= breakable=delicatefunction=purpose= first= object= target= goal=objective= aim= end furthermore=in addition to furthermore=moreover fuse=blend－－－－－－－－－－ My aim is clear= to go to ubc.My target is to pass the toefl test in two months. G:gather=collect gauge=measure genre=type=kindgive over to= hand over to govern=rule=preside=administer=supervise=manage=run=o perateGovernor-ruler-president-administrator-supervisor-manager-operatorHost airhostess MC madame of ceremony green hand=unskilled laborerBlue= green= yellow cowardish chicken red Old hand= very experienced groundless=unfounded grounds=reasons guide=direct－－－－－－－－－－ H:halt=stop: system halt harness=utilize=controlutilize=make use of=use= take advantage of: utilities hazardous=dangerous: smoking is hazardous to yourhealth.heavy volume= big= large hence=therefore= thus hinder=interfere with= prevent hue=color－－－－－－－－－－ I:ignite=set on fire=start immediate action=instant actionimmediate area=nearest area=neighboring area immense=large immense=great immoral=improper impact=influence=strike impetus=stimulus imposing=impressive impression=imageimprovisation=即席创作 in any case/situation=regardless in contrast in comparison in fact=actuallyin terms of= as far as sth is concerned: Teachers are poorin terms of material wealth. on the contrary=the opposite side is true as a rule=usual=always inaccessible=unreachable incessant= without any stop inconceivable=unimaginable incorporate=include inert=motiveless inevitable=unavoidable infinite=unlimited fin=end finish influential= give influence infrastructure=foundation: infrared inhabit= reside=swell=settle=live ininherent= born: He was born an artist. His talent isinherent.initial=original: Please write your initial here. initiate=start=igniteinnovation=first develop: novel=new innovative=advanced innumerable=countless instantaneous=immediate instead of= rather than intensity=strength intertwine=interweave interwoven=intertwined intrigue=fascinate=interestirreparable (damage)=irrecoverable irrupt=increase:eruptisolated=separated: isle= island －－－－－－－－－－ J:jeopardy(危险) joined=met ; connected joined=met ; connected joint=combination junction=connection juvenile=teenager －－－－－－－－－－ K:key= important －－－－－－－－－－ L:lading=cargo landscape=scenery largely=mostly lead to=result in legacy=legacy=n.遗赠(物)= 遗产(祖先传下来) legitimacy=authority lethargy=sluggish liberal=extent liberal=extent link= living=extinct locale=place loot=steal lucrative=profitable－－－－－－－－－－ M:maintain=sustain=keep: maintenance= sustainabledevelopment make their way=travel manageable= operablemandatory=required= obligatory <->optional= selective manifest=reveal manipulate= operatemarked=distinguished=obvious= outstanding markedly=significantly massive=enormous match=equal material=physical maturity=adulthood maturity=adulthood meager=scarce mighty=powerful minute=very small minute=tiny=small mirror=reflect mobility=movement modest=limited modification=alterationmonotonous=boring=tedious=tiresome mounting= increasing: dismount multiplied=increased multiply= increase multitude=large numbermundane=ordinary=worldly<->spiritual myriad=numerous－－－－－－－－－－ N:notable= famous= well-known= popular= noted=renownnumerous=very many Innumerable=many －－－－－－－－－－ O:obscure=unclear: tears obscured my eyes. obvious=evident= clear= apparent occasion=event: What ’s the occasion? Occasionally= sometimes= once in while offset=balanceonce=when: Once I graduate from university= I will getmarried. origin=beginning originate= start fromornament=decoration=adornment output=result= outcome consequence outrageous=shocking overall=total overlap= cover oversee=supervise overlookoverwhelming= dominating=upsettingowe to= attribute to: I owe my success in TOEFL to MrMiaodue to=because of=thanks to －－－－－－－－－－ P:pack together=cluster (not sure)= crowd together: a packof dogs.paradoxical=seemingly contradictory patch of=area of patch=areapatron=sponsor=donator peculiar=strange penetrate=enterperceptible= can be felt= discernible: ceive= cept=ception receipt perforate=pierce periodically=regularly perishable=easy to spoil permit=allow perorate= conclude persist=endurepervasive=widespread=spreading pioneer=initiate pioneer=introduceplay (an important part)=perform (engage) play a role(part)=perform work pledge= swear= promise plumage=feather poorly=badly pore=holeposited=proposed=suggest potential=possibility practiced=skilled pragmatic=practical precede=come before precious=valuable precise=accurateConcise= shortened=simplified precision=accuracy predominant=primarypreeminent=eminent=outstanding=distinguished preliminary=initial premise=assumptionpreoccupation= absorption= thinking only of sth. prerequisite=something required preserve=retain=keep preserve=protect press=newspapers press=newsprestige= importance= superiority: enjoy high prestigeamong his friends.prevail= spread= pervade: Let peace prevail. primitive=early= undeveloped= uncivilized principal= main principle=concept print=painting prized=valued procure=obtain professional=specialized profound=significant=deep profusely=abundantly programmed=determined prominently=noticeably promoted=furthered pronounced= obvious propel=push proper=correct proper=suitableproper=itself: the man proper came to visit us. property=characteristic property=quality property=feature property=traitproponent=supporter: propose prospect= futureprotrude=stick out: protruding eyes protruding=sticking out provided that=if－－－－－－－－－－ R:radical=fundamental: radically=extremely rancid=unpleasant odor range in from to=vary in from to rare=unusual rather=instead rather than=instead ofreadily=easily: he is always ready to help others. realm=areareap=obtain= get= win=: reaper reassemble=gatherrefine=improve: oil refinery: you should refine yourpersonality.reflection=indication: reflect= think regardless of= without considering sth.My father sent me to Canada regardless of my objection. relating= describing= explaining= telling release=free= liberatereleasing=freeingrelevant=applicable=related relevant to=applicable relieve=reducerelinquish=abandon= desert remarkable=notable remarkable=significant remnant=remaining render=give=make render=produce render=represent rendered=made replenish=put back reproduced=copied require=stipulate that resist=endurewith respect to= concerning= about= take sth intoconsiderationwith respect to the high tuition= I strongly suggest younot to go to UBC respond=react restoration= recovery restricted=limitedrevival= resurrect: vivid= vitamin revolutionized=changed dramatically right=correct rigidly=strictly rigorous=harsh ritual=ceremony rival=compete with role= function=partrooted in=based onrotate=turn=revolve->revolver->revolution: rpm rudimentary=basic= undeveloped ruinous=destructiveruin=destroy: ruin my entire future. －－－－－－－－－－ S:sacred= holy sink=descend satisfy=fulfill save for=except for scant=minimalscarcely=infrequently=rarely=hardly=seldom scatter=spread: a gust of wind from the windowscattered my paper everywhere on the floor. scatter=distribute=disperse: the police used teargas todisperse the crowd.scope=extent=area= province= realm scour=search scrutiny=examining seemingly= on the surface: seething=overflowing seething=active seething=excited segment=part=section segment=portion=part seize=take=graspsequent=later: consequently= consecutive serene=calmsevere=extreme=serious shield=protectshift=change: day shift night shift shift=move shifting=moving shipment=cargo=ladenshrink=diminish=dwindle<->spread significant=from important part significantly=markedly= remarkably simulated=artificialsite=location: construction site: place= spot sited=located sizable= quite big slightly=smallso far=until present= up till now= up to now= up to thepresentsophisticated=complex sort=type= kind source=origin spectacular=impressive spectator=viewer=onlooker speculate=research/study sphere= ball=globe: hemisphere sporadic=intermittentspot=see: I can spot Eileen on the crowded Broadway ata glance. spread=distribute: staggering=overwhelming stamina=endurance standard=commonstartling=surprising=shocking staunch=strong steep=immersestem= root: stem from= come from sterile= barren: sterilize sterile=unproductivestipulation=requirement: sb. stipulate that hhjfjhjhskj stray=wander=meander: go astray stream=flow strength=powerstrike=come to contact with string=series structure= stylized<->realistic stylus=pen subjective=personal subsidiary= support subsidize=assist subsistence= existence suck= take in: bloodsucker suggestion=implication suitable=appropriate=propersuperficially= seemingly= on the surface support=hold up suppose=assume survive=remain susceptible=vulnerable suspect= criminal sustain=support=keep sustenance= food―――――――――――――― T:technique=methodtemporary= only for the time being<->permanenttempting=appealing= charming= attractive= pleasing=inviting tenet=principle the first=the foremost thereby= thus= therefore thoroughly=completely through= by= by means of tie=undertake tie=link toil=work took=requiredtopographic 地形学上的 tout= boast= flatter toxic=poisonous track= tracetracking/tracing=following tranquil=quiet: tranquilizer transfer= change= transform transformation=changing transformation=conversion treat=handle treated=handled trend=movement trivial=unimportant trumpet=praisetumultuous=chaotic: tumult turned=changed to――――――――――――― U:ubiquitous=very common unanimity=total agreementunanimouslyunconceivable=unimaginable undisputed=accepted by everybody undue= improperuneasy= restless= anxious= distressed uniformly=without variance unique=distinctunquestionable= without any doubt unquestionable (power)=sufficient unquestionable=definite unshakable= stable unsurpassed= the best utilitarian=utilize=use= make use of= employ utilizing=employment utopia=idealized －－－－－－－－－－ V:vagaries=uncertainties vagarious=strange vanish=disappear completely vast=extended vast=huge vast=largeversatile=adaptable= generalist= all-round view~as=consider regard a as b view=considervigorous=energetic: full of vigor vigorously=energetically virtual=practicalvirtually=actually vital=essential vivid=bright volume=great quantity vulnerable=open to attack －－－－－－－－－－ W:warranted=authorized whereas=although while=although wholly=completely wit=humor: full of witswith the ordinary citizen's pocketbook= affordable within=insidewithout exception=universally withstand=resist the effect of witnessed=observed witty=humorouswove=intertwined=braided=laced Y:yet=however yet=nevertheless yield=produce－－－－－－－－－－ word clusters: the cluster of ”obvious ”apparent=prominent=marked=conspicuous=pronou nced=striking=distinct=notable=remarkable=eviden t=noteworthy=perceptible=outstanding=noticeable the cluster of “big ”enormous=immense=massive=colossal=tremendous =prodigious=gigantic=vast=large=great=huge=giant=mammoththe cluster of “not stopping”:incessant=ceaseless=constant=continual=endless=in finite=nonstop=perpetual=steady=unbroken=uninte rruptedthe cluster of “fragile”:breakable=brittle=dainty=delicate=flimsy=frail=slig htthe cluster of “entertainment”:relaxation=relief=amusement=diversion=distraction =recreation。
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A1 abundant丰富的plentiful丰富的2 accelerate加速increase增加3 accessible可达到的reachable可达到的4 accordingly因此for that reason因此5 account for说明explain说明6 accumulate积聚collect收集7 acute急性的intense剧烈的8 adhere粘附stick粘附9 adjunct辅助addition附加10 adorn装饰decorate装饰11 adverse相反的negative负面的12 advocate提倡者proponent支持者13 aesthetical审美的artistic艺术的14 astound令人极为惊讶surprise令人惊讶15 attachment(to)喜爱preference(for)喜爱16 attain获得achieve获得17 attendant伴随的accompanying伴随的18 attire衣物clothing衣物19 attribute特征characteristic特点20 aviation航空navigation航空B21 barren贫瘠的infertile贫瘠的22 bias偏见prejudice偏见23 bizarre奇异的odd奇怪的24 boost促进raise提高25 bound限制limit限制26 break (with)与…相分离departure (from)与…相分离27 bring about导致cause导致C28 calculate计划determine决定29 carry支撑support支撑30 cast off丢弃get rid off抛弃31 cease终止stop停止32 celestial天上的astronomical天文的33 chance偶然的unplanned未计划的34 characterized具有特色的distinguished杰出的35 classify分类categorize分类36 coarse粗糙rough粗糙37 cohesion凝聚unity结合，统一38 coin创造，杜撰create创造39 collectively共同地together一起40 comparably类似similarly同样地41 compile收集put together收集42 compose创作create创作，创造43 comprise由….组成consist of由…..组成44 conceal隐藏hide隐藏45 concentrate集中cluster集中46 conclusive最后的，结论性的definitive最后的，确定性的47 concomitant with与…..相一致in conjunction with与…..相一致48 condone宽恕mercy宽恕49 confined被限制的limited限制的50 conflict冲突opposition相反51 conjectural推测的based on guessing基于猜测的52 consciously有意识地on purpose有目的地53 conserve保存retain保存54 considerable（数量、程度）巨大的great巨大的55 considerable巨大的much许多的56 considerable大量的substantial大量的，坚实的57 consort合伙人，伴侣associate合伙人，伙伴58 conspicuous明显的noticeable明显的59 constituent组成部分component成分60 constitute构成make up构成61 consult商量counsel商量62 consumption消费eating吃63 contemporary当代的existing现存的64 counteract抵消negate取消，否定65 counterpart副本version版本66 crucial重要的，关键的essential重要的，基本的67 cumbersome麻烦的burdensome麻烦的68 customary习俗的usual一般的D69 dampen使潮湿moisten使潮湿70 daring大胆的bold大胆的71 deft灵巧的skilled熟练的72 deliberate深思熟虑的careful小心的73 demand要求order命令74 demonstrate证明show显示75 dense密集的thick周密的76 depress降低lower降低77 depressed沮丧的saddened悲伤的，沮丧的78 derive取得，获得obtain获得79 detect发现discover the presence of发现…..的存在80 detectable可察觉的，可测出的measurable可测量的81 detectable可察觉的，可测出的sizable巨大的82 devastate损坏ruin毁灭83 devote投身dedicate致力84 dictate规定determine确定85 diffuse扩散travel传播86 dirt土壤soil土壤87 disaster灾祸catastrophe大灾祸88 discreet慎重的careful小心的89 discrete离散的separate分离的90 dispute争论argument争论91 disseminate传播spread/impart/inform散布/传播/传播92 distinct截然不同的different不同的93 distinct明显的obvious明显的94 distinct分别的，截然不同的separate分离的95 distinction区别difference差别96 distinguished不同的differentiated不同的，有区别的97 divergence分歧difference不同98 dogma教条belief/doctrine信仰/教条99 domain范围，领域field土地，领域100 dominate占优势be prevalent in占优势101 dramatic引人注目的striking引人注目的102 drastic猛烈的radical根本的103 drastic激烈的severe猛烈的104 draw吸引attract吸引105 durable耐久的lasting持久的106 durable耐久的endurable持久的107 dwelling住宅house房子E108 eagerly anticipate热切地期望look forward to盼望109 elaborate详尽的，精巧的detailed详细的，精细的110 embed植入encase包裹111 embrace（欣然）接受welcome欢迎112 embracer接收者recipient接收者，收件人113 emerge出现appear出现114 emit发射give off发射115 employ雇用hire雇用116 enable使能够allow准许117 enable使能够help帮助118 enact制定法律，扮演角色perform扮演角色119 end目的goal目的/ p. r; s8 e4 V& @8 T'''''''' V9 o 120 entire全部的whole全部的9 a4 p7 g0 L2 V8 x121 entity实体object物体122 entomb埋葬trap使陷于….之中123 eradicate根除eliminate清除124 essential基本的fundamental基本的125 evidence表明indicate指出126 exalted高贵的superior出众的127 exceed超越surpass超过128 execute（按计划或设计）做成，制成create创造129 exert施加apply施行130 exorbitant昂贵的expensive昂贵的131 expedient权宜之计makeshift权宜之计132 exponential leaps几何级数般的跳跃rapid increases快速增加133 expose揭露uncover揭露134 expose to暴露于subject to使经受，使遭受135 extend延长increase增加，扩大136 extend延伸stretch伸展137 extol赞美praise赞扬138 extract提取remove清除F139 faction帮派side一方140 fade (form)淡出disappear (form)消失141 fashion制作create创造142 fatal致命的deadly致命的143 feed填入put放入144 fine细小的minute微小的145 first rank顶级的highest quality最高档次的146 fixture固定装备commonplace object常规物体147 flatter奉承compliment赞美148 forage喂草料feed喂食149 forward-looking有远见的progressive进步的150 frame给…设框pose使摆放姿势151 fundamental基本的basic基本的152 fuse融合combine联合G153 gap裂缝opening裂缝154 give way to被..所代替turn into转变为155 glow（炽热）发光shine发光H156 hard坚硬的firm坚硬的157 hemisphere半球side一侧158 herald预示，宣布announce预示，宣布159 homogeneous同源的uniform一致的I160 imitate模仿copy复制161 immunity免疫protection保护162 implement工具tool工具163 implication内涵significance含义，意义164 impose加强（要求）demand要求165 in place of代替instead of代替166 inadequate不充分的deficient缺乏的，不足够的167 incise切割carve雕刻168 inclination爱好，倾向preference爱好169 induce导致cause导致170 inevitable不可避免的ineluctable不可避免的171 influx流入arrival到达172 ingot金属锭a block of metal一块金属173 inhibit阻止hinder妨碍174 initially最初at first第一175 initiate创立begin开始176 instance案例case案例177 instantaneous立竿见影的immediate立即的178 integral整体的，构成整体所必需的essential基本的，必需的179 intense强烈的extreme极端的180 interchangeable可替换的equivalent等值的181 intervention干涉influence影响182 intricate复杂的complex复杂的183 inviting吸引人的attractive吸引人的J184 jolt使震惊的shock使震惊的L185 lament令人对….感到遗憾complain about抱怨186 lure引诱attract吸引M187 magnify扩大increase提高188 magnify扩大intensify加强189 magnitude量值，大小extent范围190 maintain维持preserve/keep保持/保持191 major主要的principal主要的192 maneuver策略，花招trick诡计193 margin边缘edge边缘194 marked明显的pronounced明显的195 meticulous过分注意细节的careful小心的196 milestone里程碑significant development重大发展的197 minuscule微小的tiny微小的198 minute微小的tiny微小的199 modify改变change改变200 monopolize垄断dominate支配201 moreover进一步说furthermore进一步说202 mundane世俗的ordinary平常的203 myriad of无数的many许多的N204 nevertheless然而however然而205 novel新颖的innovative创新的206 noxious有害的harmful有害的O207 obtain得到acquire获得208 obtain获得get得到209 outbreak爆发beginning开始210 outline概要summarization概述211 outstanding出类拔萃的excellent很好的P212 peak顶峰maximum最大值213 peculiar独特的distinctive独特的214 penetrate穿过go through穿过215 persist坚持continue持续216 pertinent相关的relevant相关的217 phenomenon现象event事件218 pick up沿着follow沿着219 picture想象，描写imagine/describe想象/描写220 pit深坑hole洞221 ponder沉思meditate沉思222 ponderous笨重的heavy沉重的223 pore孔hole洞224 position位置location位置225 potential潜在的possible可能的226 prefer倾向，喜欢favor喜欢227 preoccupation全神贯注involvement全神贯注228 preside over掌管manage掌管229 prevailing主要的most frequent最经常的230 prevent阻止avoid避免231 primary基础的fundamental基本的，基础的232 principal主要的main主要的233 prior to在…之前preceding前面的234 prominent卓越的distinguished杰出的235 prominent卓越的prestigious著名的236 property特点characteristic特点237 proponent支持者supporter支持者238 prospect前景possibility可能性239 protrude突出project突出240 puncture刺破pierce刺破R241 rapid快速的swift迅速的242 rare稀罕的infrequent不经常的243 rather相反instead相反244 readily容易地easily容易地245 realization认识到awareness认识到246 reap收获gain获得247 reckless不负责任的irresponsible不负责任的248 refreshing给人新鲜感的unusual不同寻常的249 relate与…有关connect与…有关250 reliance依靠dependence依靠251 remarkable非凡的extraordinary非凡的252 restricted受限制的limited受限制的253 revise修改change改变254 rich丰富的abundant丰富的255 robust强壮的strong强壮的256 roll back把…压到标准水平reduce降低，减少257 rotate旋转alternate交替258 rotate旋转turn旋转259 roughly大约approximately大概260 rudimentary初步的，尚未发展完备undeveloped尚未发展完备的261 rupture爆裂burst爆裂S262 sanitation卫生health卫生263 scale攀登climb攀登264 scope范围range范围265 secure弄到，获得acquire获得266 secure安全的safe安全的267 set设置establish建立268 settle定居locate坐落269 shield保护protect保护270 shy away from躲避avoid躲避271 simultaneous同时的synchronous同时的272 since因为because因为273 site地点location位置274 skepticism怀疑doubt怀疑275 skilled熟练的expert熟练的276 skyrocket快速上升的increase rapidly迅速增加277 smother窒息eliminate清除278 snap断裂break断裂279 sole唯一的only唯一的280 solemn严肃的serious严肃的281 some大约approximately大概282 sort out区分separate分离283 spark引起，开始bring (about)/usher (in)引起/开始284 spawn引起，大量生产create创造285 speculate推测hypothesize假设286 spot发现identify确定，鉴别287 staggering令人惊愕的overwhelming压倒性的288 staple主要部分basic element基本组成部分289 stationary静止的fixed固定的290 stimulate刺激encourage鼓励291 story故事tale故事292 strategy诡计scam/trick诡计/诡计293 strength力量的源泉basis基础294 stress强调emphasize强调295 stringent严格的strict严格的296 struggle挣扎competition竞争297 subject to易受….的susceptible to易受….的298 subsidize资助finance资助299 substantiate证实verify证实300 subtle精巧微妙的slight细微的301 succinct简短的concise/terse简明的/简短的302 sufficient充足的adequate充足的303 sumptuous诸多的luxurious诸多的304 supplement补充extension扩展，延伸305 support支持hold/upload支撑/支持306 supposed假定的seeming表面上的307 supremacy至高无上的dominance优势308 supreme至高无上的most outstanding最出类拔萃的309 surge汹涌进行accelerate加速发展310 suspend悬挂hang悬挂311 symmetrical对称的proportionally balanced比例平衡的T312 tangle纠缠twist/jumble缠绕/使混乱313 tempting吸引人的attractive吸引人的314 thankful感谢grateful感激315 trace痕迹imprint印记316 trend倾向tendency趋向U317 unadorned未装饰的disorganized混乱的318 undergo经历experience经历319 uniform统一integrate整合320 unique独一无二的particular独特的321 unravel弄清discover发现322 usher in开始begin开始V323 vary改变differ与…不同324 vast宽广的，巨大的large巨大的325 vibrate震动convulse震动326 vigilant警惕的alert警惕的327 virtually实质上（几乎）actually/practically/almost实际上（几乎）W328 witness目击observe观察Y329 yield产生provide提供。