2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析
2003年考研英语真题及解析
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not justin ways that emphasize competition. 4 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 6 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 8 ，publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 10 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 12 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 14 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 16 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 17 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19 for roles that are within their 20 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.1. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice2. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance3. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure4. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because5. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance6. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed7. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise8. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense9. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging10. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple11. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation12. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security13. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely14. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short15. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if16. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something17. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone18. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand19. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking20. [A] capability [B] responsibility [C] proficiency [D] efficiencySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Inter net. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game”of espionage—spying as a “profession.”These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-clic k spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, aspymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.21. The emergence of the Net has .[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession22. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to .[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the US[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA23. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (line 1,paragraph 3) most probablymeans .[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that .[A] straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information25. Straitford is most proud of its .[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause nowseeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and p resent their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to .[A] call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s .[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientists should .[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is .[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuningfortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.31. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikelybecause .[A] cost reduction is based on competition.[B] services call for cross-trade coordination.[C] outside competitors will continue to exist.[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat.32. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the railindustry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.33. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that .[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business.34. The word “arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those .[A] who work as coordinators.[B] who function as judges.[C] who supervise transactions.[D] who determine the price.35. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly causedby .[A] the continuing acquisition.[B] the growing traffic.[C] the cheering Wall Street.[D] the shrinking market.Text 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 yearsago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians —frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.36. What is implied in the first sentence?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.37. The author uses the example of caner patients to show that .[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable38. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of.[A] strong disapproval [B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt [D] enthusiastic support39. In contras to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.[A] more flexibly [B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously [D] more reasonably40. The text intends to express the idea that.[A]medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.（41）Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.（42）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political, science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.（43）The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.（44）Tylor defined culture as “…that complexwhole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.（45）Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay entitled in which you should1）describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2）point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
2003年考研英语真题及答案
2003年考研英语真题及答案【篇一：2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析】lass=txt>teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes2. that young adults experience.3. and they also need to4. give serious 21 thought to5. how they can be best 22 accommodate such changes.6. growing bodies need movement and 23exercise ,7. but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 但是不能只注重比赛8. 24 because they are adjusting to their new bodies9. and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, 一大堆10. teenagers are especially self-conscious11. and need the 25 confidence12. that comes from achieving success13. and knowing that their accomplishments14. are 26 admired by others.15. however, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition16. that it would be 27 to plan activities17. in which there are more winners than losers, 因此安排一些赢者多，输者少的活动是很明智的18. 28 for example ,19. publishing newsletters出版时事通讯刊印业务通讯20. with many student-written book reviews,21. 29 displaying student artwork, and22. sponsoring book discussion clubs. 赞助23. a variety of small clubs24. can provide 30 multiple opportunities for leadership, 为培养领导才能提供多种机会25. multiple多种的，倍数，26. leadership 领导能力，领导层27. as well as for practice in successful 31 group dynamics. 为成功的群体动力提供练习28. dynamics 力学，动力学29. making friends is extremely important to teenagers,30. and many shy students31. need the 32 security of some kind of organization 需要加入某个组织以获得安全感32. with a supportive adult 33 barely visible in the backgrounda) 需要有一位成人在只有后台看到见的地方提供支持in these activities,33. it is important to remember that the young teens34. have 34 short attention spans. 注意力持续时间很短35. a variety of activities should be organized36. 35 so that participants can remain active as long as they want 这样参加活动的人就能想活动多久就活动多久37. and then go on to 36something else然后就可以做一些其它的事情38. without feeling guilty39. and without letting the other participants 37 down . 也不会让其它参与者失望40. this does not mean that 这并不是说 41. adults must accept irresponsibility.大人必须接受不负责任的做法42. 38 on the contrary43. they can help students acquire a sense of commitment 获得一种责任感44. by 39planning for roles45. that are within their 40 capability他们力所能及46. and their attention spans 又在他们注意力时间范围47. and by having clearly stated rules.通过制定清楚的活动规则 teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. and they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 suchchanges. growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. however, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. a variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.in these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans.a variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they wantand then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean thatadults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.[a] thought[b]idea[c] opinion[d] advice22.[a] strengthen[b] accommodate[c] stimulate[d] enhance23.[a] care[b] nutrition[c] exercise[d] leisure24.[a] if[b] although[c] whereas[d] because25.[a] assistance[b] guidance[c] confidence[d] tolerance26.[a] claimed[b] admired[c] ignored[d] surpassed27.[a] improper[b] risky[c] fair[d] wise28.[a] in effect[b] as a result[c] for example[d] in a sense29.[a] displaying[b] describing[c] creating[d] exchanging30.[a] durable[b] excessive[c] surplus[d] multiple31.[a] group[b] individual[c] personnel[d] corporation32.[a] consent[b] insurance[c] admission[d] security33.[a] particularly[b] barely[c] definitely[d] rarely34.[a] similar[b] long[c] different[d] short35.[a] if only[b] now that[c] so that[d] even if36.[a] everything[b] anything[c] nothing[d] something37.[a] off[b] down[c] out[d] alone38.[a] on the contrary[c] on the whole[b] on the average[d] on the other hand39.[a] making[b] standing[c] planning[d] taking40.[a] capability[b] responsibility[c] proficiency[d] efficiency文章背景这是一篇讲述关于如何帮助青少年适应变化的社科类议论文。
19942003年考研英语完形填空真题解析
1994考研英语完形填空真题解析一、文章结构总体分析语言中的首要的以及最小的单位是单词。
说话时，选词至关重要。
恰当地选词可以消除交流障碍，不慎重的词语会阻碍说话双方的思想交流。
二、试题解析1.[答案] A[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：介词的用法。
本文第一句提出，对于语言来说，首先可以讨论的最小单位是单词。
First和smallest两个形容词已经道出单词在语言中的重要地位。
此后，文章进一步指出，说话时选择词语非常重要。
我们看到，空格后是一个名词性短语utmost importance，而所给的四个选项全是介词，也就是说所选的介词应该及这个名词性短语组合在一起，做be动词的表语。
of的一个特定用法是：of+表示评估意义的抽象名词=该名词对应的形容词，可做表语，表示具有某种性质、状况。
如：of great use=great useful, of importance=important, 所以A为正确选项。
2. [答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：逻辑语意搭配+形容词词义辨析。
前面已经提到，单词在语言中占有首要地位，因此，说话时对词语的选用就变得非常重要。
本句大意为：恰当的选词可以消除交流过程中......的障碍。
likely意为“可能发生的”，不论从语法角度，还是从逻辑角度讲都非常恰当。
inaccessible表示“难以达到的，难以接近的”，如：This novel seems to me among the most inaccessible.这本书对我来说是最难懂的小说之一。
我们知道，说话过程中完全可能出现交流的障碍，所以inaccessible不恰当。
timely意为“及时的，准时的”，如：a timely treatment及时的治疗。
invalid意为“无效的”，如：an invalid license作废的执照，都不符合句意。
3. [答案] B[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：逻辑语意搭配。
完型填空解析2003年全国卷解读
• His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. • balloon • n. 气球 • v. 如气球般膨胀
• Although the family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. • joke about 开玩笑 • care关心； • forget遗忘； • quarrel争吵
• Encouraging: 令人鼓舞的； • Hopeless：比赛结果为“我”赢，但即使 是我“输”，也谈不上是hopeless • Regular：常规式的、平淡无奇
语法判定
• When Ed．first phoned and 37 we play，I laughed quietly， figuring on an 38 victory. • Suggest: suggest sb (should) do • It is suggested that … • declare宣布； • mention提及； • persuade说服
• 41 I can remember, Ed's been the least physically fit member in the family, • as long as：像……一样长久 • As long as I can remember:在我的记忆中 • Since: 自从
• As long as I can remember, Ed's been the least physically fit member in the family, and 42 proud of himself. • Strangely 奇怪地 • personally个人地； • reasonably合理地； • eagerly急切地
2003年英语考研真题及解析-精简版
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。
从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。
接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。
第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。
此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。
二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。
首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。
注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。
其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。
idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give 及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they areadjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new inteHectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success andknowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle isalready filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there aremore winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with manystudent-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This doesnot mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 , they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure24. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average[C] On the whole [D] On the other hand39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking40.[A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency[D] efficiencySection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the u great game“ of espionage -- spying as a "profession.v These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen\ e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source inte lligence,“ and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford. Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine；' says Friedman, a fbnner political science professor. "And we41 hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good iiifbniiation from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfordbriefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41.The emergence of the Net has.|A] received support from fans like Donovan|B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes|D] revived spying as a profession42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to.|A] introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the U.S.[C]give an episode of the information war|D] honor his unique services to the CIA43.The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means.|A] causing the biggest trouble|B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success|D] enjoying the widest popularity44.It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that.[A]Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B]Straitford guarantees the tnithfulness of its information[C]Straitford\ business is characterized by unpredictability[D]Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45.Straitford is most proud of its.|A] official status[B]nonconformist image[C]efficient staff|D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, u Theii I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother^ hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seemswasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of tiuth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively reciuit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizeniy will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to.[A]call on scientists to take some actions|B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C]warn of the doom of biomedical research[D]show the triumph of the animal rights movement47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is.|A] cruel but natural[B]inhuman and unacceptable[C]inevitable but vicious|D] pointless and wasteful48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's[A]discontent with animal research|B] ignorance about medical science[C]indifference to epidemics[D]anxiety about animal rights49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientistsshould.[A]communicate more with the public|B] employ hi-tech means in research[C]feel no shame for their cause[D]strive to develop new cures50.From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is.|A] a well-known humanist|B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights|D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coat chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive“ shippers 20 to 30 percent more th an they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. u Do we really want raikoads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?^ asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquii'e Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the canyiiig costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because *|A] cost reduction is based on competition[B]services call for cross-trade coordination[C]outside competitors will continue to exist[D]shippers will have the railway by the throat52.What is many captive shippers5 attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[A] Indifferent.|B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.|D] Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that.[A]shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad|B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C]overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business54.The word “arbiters” (Line 7, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those[A]who work as coordinators[B]who function as judges[C]who supervise transactions[D]who determine the price55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by *[A]the continuing acquisition[B]the growing traffic[C]the cheering Wall Street[D]the shrinking marketText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans5 life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death -- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. Tlie most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians -- fiustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient --too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002. the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age -- say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying tha t the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,“ so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old.I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could iinpiove people's lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?[A]Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B]Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C]Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D]Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that.[A]medical resources are often wasted[B]doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C]some treatments are too aggressive[D]medical costs are becoming unaffordable58.The author's attitude toward Richard Lamm's remark is one of.[A]strong disapproval[B]reserved consent[C]slight contempt|D] enthusiastic support59.In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care[A]more flexibly[B]more extravagantly[C]more cautiously[D]more reasonably60.The text intends to express the idea that.[A]medicine will further prolong people's lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C]death should be accepted as a fact of life|D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePartBDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 61) Furtheimorg humans have the ability to modify the environment in which [hey live, thus subjecting all other life foirns to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology“ derives from the Greek words anthropos: "human^ and logos “the study of." By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned、orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that Mural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought [o the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 64) Tylor defined culture as ”・・・ that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law、custom. and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor,s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.65) Thus, the anlhropological coocept of “culture." like the concept of “set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of conciete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should1)describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2)point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)温室国医不起血雨。
2003年英语真题及答案（全国卷）-a637
绝密★启用前2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语语第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）分）2121．Don’t be afraid of asking for help ．Don’t be afraid of asking for help ．Don’t be afraid of asking for help it is needed. it is needed. A ．unless B ．since C ．although D ．when 2222．．A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. A ．smokeB ．smokingC ．to smokeD ．smoked2323．．Allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way home.A ．much too heavyB much too heavy B．．too much heavyC too much heavy C．．heavy too muchD heavy too much D．．too heavy much2424．—Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to…．—Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to…—Don’t call —Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and you forget it! you forget it! A ．do B ．didn’t ．didn’t C ．did D ．don’t ．don’t 2525．If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to ．If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to ．If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to their name and address. their name and address. A ．pass B ．write C ．take D ．leave 2626．The ．The sign reads “In case of of fire, fire, break the glass and push push red red button.”button.” A ．不填；．不填；a a B ．不填；．不填；the the C ．the; the D ．a;a 2727．．All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervouseness .A ．has grownB ．is growingC ．grewD ．had grown2828．．A left luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A ．shouldB ．canC ．mustD ．will2929．We’re going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can come with us ．We’re going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can come with us you can meet us there later.A ．butB ．andC ．orD ．then3030．Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ．Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ．Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days. fresh for several days. A ．be stayed B ．stay C ．be staying D ．have stayed 3131．．News reports say peace talks between the two countries with no agreement reached. A ．have broken down B ．have broken out C ．have broken in D have broken in D．．have broken up3232．—There’s coffee and tea: you can have ．—There’s coffee and tea: you can have ．—There’s coffee and tea: you can have . .—Thanks.A ．eitherB ．eachC ．oneD ．it3333．—．—．—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.—Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. A ．himB ．heC ．ID ．me3434．．The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once with each other.A ．they had quarreledB ．they have quarreledC ．have they quarreledD ．had they quarreled— .It was her fault.A ．No wayB ．Not possibleC ．No chanceD ．Not at all第二节：完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从3636——55各题所给的四个选项（各题所给的四个选项（A A 、B 、C 和D ）中，选出最佳选项。
2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析
1.2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes2.that young adults experience.3.And they also need to4.give serious 21 thought to5.how they can be best 22 accommodate such changes.6.Growing bodies need movement and 23exercise ,7.but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 但是不能只注重比赛8.24 Because they are adjusting to their new bodies9.and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, 一大堆10.teenagers are especially self-conscious11.and need the 25 confidence12.that comes from achieving success13.and knowing that their accomplishments14.are 26 admired by others.15.However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition16.that it would be 27 to plan activities17.in which there are more winners than losers, 因此安排一些赢者多，输者少的活动是很明智的18.28 for example ,19.publishing newsletters 出版时事通讯刊印业务通讯20.with many student-written book reviews,21.29 displaying student artwork, and22.sponsoring book discussion clubs. 赞助23.A variety of small clubs24.can provide 30 multiple opportunities for leadership, 为培养领导才能提供多种机会25.multiple 多种的，倍数，26.leadership 领导能力，领导层27.as well as for practice in successful 31 group dynamics. 为成功的群体动力提供练习28.dynamics 力学，动力学29.Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,30.and many shy students31.need the 32 security of some kind of organization 需要加入某个组织以获得安全感32.with a supportive adult 33 barely visible in the backgrounda)需要有一位成人在只有后台看到见的地方提供支持In these activities,33.it is important to remember that the young teens34.have 34 short attention spans. 注意力持续时间很短35.A variety of activities should be organized36.35 so that participants can remain active as long as they want 这样参加活动的人就能想活动多久就活动多久37.and then go on to 36something else 然后就可以做一些其它的事情38.without feeling guilty39.and without letting the other participants 37 down . 也不会让其它参与者失望40.This does not mean that 这并不是说41.adults must accept irresponsibility. 大人必须接受不负责任的做法42.38 On the contrary43.they can help students acquire a sense of commitment 获得一种责任感44.by 39planning for roles45.that are within their 40 capability 他们力所能及46.and their attention spans 又在他们注意力时间范围47.and by having clearly stated rules.通过制定清楚的活动规则Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans.A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they wantand then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.[A] thought[B]idea[C] opinion[D] advice22.[A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance23.[A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure24.[A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because25.[A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance26.[A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed27.[A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise28.[A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense29.[A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging30.[A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple31.[A] group[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation32.[A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security33.[A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely[D] rarely34.[A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short35.[A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if36.[A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something37.[A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone38.[A] On the contrary[C] On the whole[B] On the average[D] On the other hand39.[A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking40.[A] capability[B] responsibility[C] proficiency[D] efficiency文章背景这是一篇讲述关于如何帮助青少年适应变化的社科类议论文。
2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析
1.2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes2.that young adults experience.3.And they also need to4.give serious 21 thought to5.how they can be best 22 accommodate such changes.6.Growing bodies need movement and 23exercise ,7.but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 但是不能只注重比赛8.24 Because they are adjusting to their new bodies9.and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, 一大堆10.teenagers are especially self-conscious11.and need the 25 confidence12.that comes from achieving success13.and knowing that their accomplishments14.are 26 admired by others.15.However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition16.that it would be 27 to plan activities17.in which there are more winners than losers, 因此安排一些赢者多，输者少的活动是很明智的18.28 for example ,19.publishing newsletters 出版时事通讯刊印业务通讯20.with many student-written book reviews,21.29 displaying student artwork, and22.sponsoring book discussion clubs. 赞助23.A variety of small clubs24.can provide 30 multiple opportunities for leadership, 为培养领导才能提供多种机会25.multiple 多种的，倍数，26.leadership 领导能力，领导层27.as well as for practice in successful 31 group dynamics. 为成功的群体动力提供练习28.dynamics 力学，动力学29.Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,30.and many shy students31.need the 32 security of some kind of organization 需要加入某个组织以获得安全感32.with a supportive adult 33 barely visible in the backgrounda)需要有一位成人在只有后台看到见的地方提供支持In these activities,33.it is important to remember that the young teens34.have 34 short attention spans. 注意力持续时间很短35.A variety of activities should be organized36.35 so that participants can remain active as long as they want 这样参加活动的人就能想活动多久就活动多久37.and then go on to 36something else 然后就可以做一些其它的事情38.without feeling guilty39.and without letting the other participants 37 down . 也不会让其它参与者失望40.This does not mean that 这并不是说41.adults must accept irresponsibility. 大人必须接受不负责任的做法42.38 On the contrary43.they can help students acquire a sense of commitment 获得一种责任感44.by 39planning for roles45.that are within their 40 capability 他们力所能及46.and their attention spans 又在他们注意力时间范围47.and by having clearly stated rules.通过制定清楚的活动规则Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans.A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they wantand then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.[A] thought[B]idea[C] opinion[D] advice22.[A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance23.[A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure24.[A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because25.[A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance26.[A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed27.[A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise28.[A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense29.[A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging30.[A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple31.[A] group[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation32.[A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security33.[A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely[D] rarely34.[A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short35.[A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if36.[A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something37.[A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone38.[A] On the contrary[C] On the whole[B] On the average[D] On the other hand39.[A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking40.[A] capability[B] responsibility[C] proficiency[D] efficiency文章背景这是一篇讲述关于如何帮助青少年适应变化的社科类议论文。
2003年考研英语试题及参考答案（2）
Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine." As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That 'sswheresStraitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. 41. The emergence of the Net has A. received support from fans like Donovan. B. remolded the intelligence services. C. restored many common pastimes. D. revived spying as a profession. 42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to A. introduce the topic of online spying. B. show how he fought for the U.S. C. give an episode of the information war. D. honor his unique services to the CIA. 43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably means A. causing the biggest trouble. B. exerting the greatest effort. C. achieving the greatest success. D. enjoying the widest popularity. 44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 that A. Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true. B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information. C. Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability. D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information. 45.Straitford is most proud of its A. official status. B. nonconformist image. C. efficient staff. D. military background. BACDB Text 2 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whosearguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don's understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to A. call on scientists to take some actions. B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights. C. warn of the doom of biomedical research. D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement. 47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is A. cruel but natural. B. inhuman and unacceptable. C. inevitable but vicious. D. pointless and wasteful. 48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's A. discontent with animal research. B. ignorance about medical science. C. indifference to epidemics. D. anxiety about animal rights. 49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should A. communicate more with the public. B. employ hi-tech means in research. C. feel no shame for their cause. D. strive to develop new cures. 50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is A. a well-known humanist. B. a medical practitioner. C. an enthusiast in animal rights. D. a supporter of animal research. ABBAD Text 3 In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers. Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper. Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market. 51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because A. cost reduction is based on competition. B. services call for cross-trade coordination. C. outside competitors will continue to exist. D. shippers will have the railway by the throat. 52.What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry? A. Indifferent. B. Supportive. C. Indignant. D. Apprehensive. 53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that A. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.。
2003年考研英语—真题与答案
2003 年考研英语真题及答案2003 text1Wild Bill Donovan would haveovedl the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Servicesni the World War Ⅱ and aterl aidl the roots for the CIAwas fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came tohand in the "great game"of espionage— spying as a "profession".These days the Net, which has alreadyre-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sendingreshapingmail, Donovan's vocation as .well The atestl revolutionsn'ti simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind ofectronicel spyinghas been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, orldthe W ide Web has given birth to a whole industry ofpoint-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open-sourceintelligence",and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, byargelmargin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whosearcl advantage was its mastery of theectroniel world.Among the firms making the biggestashpl in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysifirm based in Austin, Texas.Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straiford presidentGeorge Friedman says he sees the online world as kinda of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last sweekfirm hiwas busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'llsuddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine," saysFriedman, a formerpolitical science professor."And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does havets risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a eanl staff of 20ni Austin. Severalof his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success.Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing,whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independentcevoi.41.The emergence of the Net has________.[A]received support from fans like Donovan[B]remolded the intelligence services[C]restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to________.[A]introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the US[C]give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA43.The phrase"making the biggest splash" (line 1,paragraph 3)most probably means ________.[A]causing the biggest trouble[B]exerting the greatest effort[C]achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity44.It can be learned from paragraph4that________.[A]Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B]Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C]Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45.Straitford is most proud of its________.[A]official status[B]nonconformist image[C]efficient staff[D]military background 试题解析：这是一篇说明性的文章，介绍了互联网技术对情报行业的影响。
完型填空解析2003年全国卷
• …with a stomach you could hardly 46 . My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. • Notice 注意 • believe sb:相信（某事）或某人所说的话 believe a stomach • Admire: • Measure:
完型填空解析ຫໍສະໝຸດ • 这篇短文讲述了作者与表弟上周进行的一次短网 拍墙球 (racquetball) 比赛。他表弟的肚子很大， 像气球似地挺在T恤衫与裤子之间。所以，每次球 赛都是作者大胜。然而，上周的比赛却出乎作者 的意料之外。表弟挺在T恤衫与裤子之间的大肚子 不见了，作者费了很大的劲才取胜。所以作者认 为这是一次最令人吃惊（surprising）的比赛。
• His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. • balloon • n. 气球 • v. 如气球般膨胀
• Although the family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. • joke about 开玩笑 • care关心； • forget遗忘； • quarrel争吵
• Encouraging: 令人鼓舞的； • Hopeless：比赛结果为“我”赢，但即使 是我“输”，也谈不上是hopeless • Regular：常规式的、平淡无奇
语法判定
• When Ed．first phoned and 37 we play，I laughed quietly， figuring on an 38 victory. • Suggest: suggest sb (should) do • It is suggested that … • declare宣布； • mention提及； • persuade说服
2003考研英语真题答案
2003考研英语真题答案导语：以下是2003年考研英语真题的详细解析，包括听力、阅读理解和完形填空部分的答案和解析。
希望对考生们的备考有所帮助。
听力部分答案与解析:Section A: Short Conversations1-5: C A B C B解析：这组对话的主题是日常生活中常见的话题，包括维修电器、购物、办公用品等。
对话内容通常在问题中可以直接找到答案，要注意听清关键词。
6-10: C C A A B解析：这组对话主要是关于校园生活和学生活动安排。
细节题主要考查对对话内容的理解，特别是时间、地点、人物关系等方面的细节。
Section B: Short Passages11-15: A B A B C解析：这组短文主要是根据听到的短文内容进行细节理解。
答案往往可以在短文中直接找到。
16-20: B C B A A解析：这组短文主要是关于科技、环境等方面的话题。
考生要着重抓住关键词，并结合整个短文进行理解。
Section C: Long Conversation21-25: B C A C B解析：这篇长对话主要是讨论关于是否组织出国旅行的问题，考生需要关注对话中人物的观点和理由，从而推断出正确答案。
Passage One:26-30: D C B C A解析：这篇文章主要讲述了海鸟的迁徙和它们通过观察星座进行导航的能力。
题目多为细节题和观点题。
Passage Two:31-35: D A C D B解析：这篇文章主要讲述了经济发展与环境保护之间的关系，以及社会各界对此的反应。
题目多为细节题和观点题。
Passage Three:36-40: C B A D D解析：这篇文章主要是介绍古代文化遗址的保护工作及其重要性。
题目多为细节题和观点题。
完形填空部分答案与解析:41-45: C B D A D解析：这篇文章主要是讲述了一个小女孩通过音乐和舞蹈来治愈她心灵上的创伤。
选择题的答案多依赖于上下文的语境理解。
2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析
2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析In this section you will find a number of tests on short passages. These are not reading comprehension tests. In each case, you must choose the one word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence.Passage 1It has long been known that colors not only influence people but are also __1__ by people. Some colors stimulate or excite the nervous system, while others __2__ it. Thus, in dealing with colors, we must understand that while they are __3__ by the physical eye, there can be no color without an observing eye.The effect of colors on the nervous system is __4__ . The brain will record a certain wave length of light as green. But green affects the muscles in a particular way. A bright green wall may irritate you after a while.Some colors will neutralize others. __5__ if you take yellow light, which by nature is stimulating to the nerves, and pass it through a blue glass, it relieves the nerves and acts as a sedative.Colors __6__ no meaning or reputation in themselves. Red is not instinctively connected with danger or danger signals. We learn to connect red with danger through experience. On the other hand, colors have a physiological effect on the __7__. For example, red has been found to raise blood pressure and stimulate the glands. Blue, on the other hand, lowers blood pressure and inhibits the glands.1. A. lovely B. enjoyed C. observed D. looked2. A. injure B. pacify C. shock D. irritate3. A. required B. seen C. hid D. judged4. A. little B. questionable C. in doubt D. uncertain5. A. in case B. in spite C. for example D. such as6. A. have B. possess C. own D. owe7. A. eye B. nerves C. observers D. colors解析：在第一段中，首先强调了颜色不仅仅影响人们，而且也是被人们所感知的。
2003年考研英语真题及答案
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试——英语试题及答案Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I.Now look at Part At your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded( year ) 1870 Opened to the public( year ) Question 1 Moved to the current location ( year ) 1909 The west wing completed( year ) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable department Question 3Exhibition Space ( m2 ) Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000 Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 filmsPart BDirectionsFor Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6 Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them_______ . Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can't talk with each other? _________ . Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _______ . Question 9According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? _______. Question 10Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _________ .A. Sleep in three distinct parts.B. have many five-minute naps.C. sleep in one long block.D. take one or two naps daily.12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by_______ .A. its genesB. its habitC. its mental stateD. its physical condition13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should______ .A. take some refreshment.B. go to bed earlyC. have a long restD. give in to sleep.Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie. an American Indian poet.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?A. he Could bring unfinished work home.B. He might have time to pursue his interests.C. He might do some evening teaching.D. He could invest more emotion in his family.15.What was his original goal at college?A. to teach in high school .B. to write his own books.C. to be a medical doctor.D. to be a mathematician.16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?A. To follow his father.B. For an easy grade.C. To change his specialty.D. For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. you know have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?A. Confidence.B. Preparation.C. Informativeness.D. Organization.18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience's attention？A. Gather abundant data.B. Organize the idea logically.C. Develop a great opening.D. Select appropriate material.19. If you don't start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _____ .A. uneasyB. uncertainC. frustratedD. depressed20. Who is this speech ,ost probably meant for?A. Those interested in the power of persuasion.B. Those trying to improve their public image.C. Those planning to take up some public work.D. Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-concious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which thereare more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guity and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.21. A. thought B.idea C. opinion D. advice22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed27. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging30. A. durable B. exessive C. surplus D. multiple31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely34. A. similiar B. long C. different D. short35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand39. A. making B. standing C. planning D. taking40. A. capability B. responsibility C. proficiency D. efficiency21-25 DBCC?C26-30 BDCAD31-35 B?CBCC36-40 DBACASection III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following fore texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game " of espionage-----spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The last revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine." As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That 'sswheresStraitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takespride in its independent voice.41. The emergence of the Net hasA. received support from fans like Donovan.B. remolded the intelligence services.C. restored many common pastimes.D. revived spying as a profession.42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text toA. introduce the topic of online spying.B. show how he fought for the U.S.C. give an episode of the information war.D. honor his unique services to the CIA.43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably meansA. causing the biggest trouble.B. exerting the greatest effort.C. achieving the greatest success.D. enjoying the widest popularity.44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 thatA. Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.C. Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.45.Straitford is most proud of itsA. official status.B. nonconformist image.C. efficient staff.D. military background.BACDBText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don's understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear theconnection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words toA. call on scientists to take some actions.B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research isA. cruel but natural.B. inhuman and unacceptable.C. inevitable but vicious.D. pointless and wasteful.48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public'sA. discontent with animal research.B. ignorance about medical science.C. indifference to epidemics.D. anxiety about animal rights.49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists shouldA. communicate more with the public.B. employ hi-tech means in research.C. feel no shame for their cause.D. strive to develop new cures.50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper isA. a well-known humanist.B. a medical practitioner.C. an enthusiast in animal rights.D. a supporter of animal research.ABBADText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers iscompleted, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who lo ses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely becauseA. cost reduction is based on competition.B. services call for cross-trade coordination.C. outside competitors will continue to exist.D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.52.What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?A. Indifferent.B. Supportive.C. Indignant.D. Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 thatA. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.54.The word“arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to thoseA. who work as coordinators.B. who function as judges.C. who supervise transactions.D. who determine the price.55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused byA. the continuing acquisition.B. the growing traffic.C. the cheering Wall Street.D. the shrinking market.CCDBAText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In1950, the U.S. spent .7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infir m“have a duty todie and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s,and former surgeon generalC.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people.B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of caner patients to show thatA. medical resources are often wasted.B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.C. some treatments are too aggressive.D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.58.The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one ofA. strong disapproval.B. reserved consent.C. slight contempt.D. enthusiastic support.59.In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical careA. more flexibly.B. more extravagantly.C .more cautiously.D. more reasonably.60.The text intends to express the idea thatA medicine will further prolong people's lives.B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.C. death should be accepted as a fact of life.D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.DABDCPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and the translate the underlines segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(原文如此) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit w ithin Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66.Directions:1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)Section I Listening Comprehension （20 points）Part A （5 points）1.18762.19813.textiles4.19,1375.concertsPart B (5 points)6.(the couple) themselves7.constructively8.a qualified psychologist9.good intentions10.absencePart C (10points)11.D12.A13.D14.B15.C16.B17.B18.C19.A20.DSection II Use of English （10 points）21.A22.B23.C24.D25.C26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.A32.D33.B 34.D35.C36.D37.B38.A39.C40.ASection III Reading Comprehension （50 points）Part A （40 points）41.B42.A43.C44.D45.B46.A47.B48.B49.A50.D51.C52.D53.C 54.B55.A56.C57.A58.B59.D60.CPart B（10 points）61.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
2003年完型填空考研英语一
2003年完型填空考研英语一2003 年考研英语一完型填空题目如下：Passage OneThe difference between the British and the Americans in their attitude to society is well known. The __1__ endless ways in which this can be explained is a proof of how deeply social attitudes are rooted in a nation's __2__ history and tradition. But one reason for the contrast is that, while the British have a long and continuous past to be proud of, the Americans only began their national history three centuries ago, and it is rather a __3__ one. We must not forget that the United States of America was originally founded by people who had been deeply dissatisfied with life in England. They wanted to __4__ a new society without the old class prejudices, and one of the __5__ of the US Constitution is that there would be freedom of opportunity for everyone. The Americans believe that every man has the right to __6__ himself and his family. If he is ready and willing to work hard, there will be a job for him somewhere, __7__ if he has come from a poor family with no __8__. Happily for the US, this belief is still so strong that the __9__ on society is much stronger in America than in Britain. The belief that each man has a fair __10__ engine marks the American his country with a sense of __11__. __12__, anyone who suggests that the poor in the US are getting poorer and that the rich are getting richer is immediately __13__. The British attitude is more __14__. The British workingman is more inclined to say, "if I was meant to climb trees, I would have __15__ cherries." This feeling has perhaps been __16__ by the presence in Great Britain of a clearly defined __17__, and by the fact that there is anenormous gulf still between rich and poor in Britain. This gulf is much __18__ closed. When people go on strike, in Britain they talk of "downing tools" or "withdrawing labor". In America,__19__, they are "in on a contract dispute". These differences of attitude are deeply rooted and will no doubt continue __20__ for a long time yet.1. A) social B) vast C) possible D) British2. A) peculiar B) economic C) most D) rich3. A) lonely B) brief C) dull D) common4. A) create B) announce C) compare D) embark5. A) preferences B) qualities C) features D) choices6. A) employ B) show C) educate D) support7. A) even B) now C) but D) only8. A) education B) skill C) faith D) money9. A) influence B) feeling C) pressure D) attention10. A) social B) human C) communal D) national11. A) pride B) ambition C) satisfaction D) hostility12. A) Furthermore B) Similarly C) Contrarily D) Otherwise13. A) rejected B) supported C) ignored D) criticized14. A) pessimistic B) negative C) optimisitc D) realistic15. A) grown B) harvested C) prized D) consumed16. A) reduced B) intensified C) embraced D) ignored17. A) pressure B) class C) country D) society18. A) hard to B) far from C) nearly D) almost19. A) however B) therefore C) meanwhile D) moreover20. A) introducing B) presenting C) currently D) existing。
2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析
1.2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析2.3.Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes4.that young adults experience.5.And they also need to6.give serious 21 thought to7.how they can be best 22 accommodate such changes.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.b)c)In these activities,35.it is important to remember that the young teens36.have 34 short attention spans. 注意力持续时间很短37.A variety of activities should be organized38.35 so that participants can remain active as long as they want 这样参加活动的人就能想活动多久就活动多久39.and then go on to 36something else 然后就可以做一些其它的事情40.without feeling guilty41.and without letting the other participants 37 down . 也不会让其它参与者失望42.This does not mean that 这并不是说43.adults must accept irresponsibility. 大人必须接受不负责任的做法44.38 On the contrary45.they can help students acquire a sense of commitment 获得一种责任感46.by 39planning for roles47.that are within their 40 capability 他们力所能及48.and their attention spans 又在他们注意力时间范围49.and by having clearly stated rules.通过制定清楚的活动规则50.in ways and emotional success andstudents by having25.[A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance26.[A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed27.[A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise28.[A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense29.[A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging30.[A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple31.[A] group[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation32.[A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security33.[A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely[D] rarely34.[A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short35.[A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if文章背景21. " 与A项"建议"不相照应; idea to和的how22."适应"这"，而不熟适应)，二23.【解析】[C] 语义辨析题。
2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析
1.2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes2.that young adults experience.3.And they also need to4.give serious 21 thought to5.how they can be best 22 accommodate such changes.6.Growing bodies need movement and 23exercise ,7.but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 但是不能只注重比赛8.24 Because they are adjusting to their new bodies9.and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, 一大堆10.teenagers are especially self-conscious11.and need the 25 confidence12.that comes from achieving success13.and knowing that their accomplishments14.are 26 admired by others.15.However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition16.that it would be 27 to plan activities17.in which there are more winners than losers, 因此安排一些赢者多，输者少的活动是很明智的18.28 for example ,19.publishing newsletters 出版时事通讯刊印业务通讯20.with many student-written book reviews,21.29 displaying student artwork, and22.sponsoring book discussion clubs. 赞助23.A variety of small clubs24.can provide 30 multiple opportunities for leadership, 为培养领导才能提供多种机会25.multiple 多种的，倍数，26.leadership 领导能力，领导层27.as well as for practice in successful 31 group dynamics. 为成功的群体动力提供练习28.dynamics 力学，动力学29.Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,30.and many shy students31.need the 32 security of some kind of organization 需要加入某个组织以获得安全感32.with a supportive adult 33 barely visible in the backgrounda)需要有一位成人在只有后台看到见的地方提供支持In these activities,33.it is important to remember that the young teens34.have 34 short attention spans. 注意力持续时间很短35.A variety of activities should be organized36.35 so that participants can remain active as long as they want 这样参加活动的人就能想活动多久就活动多久37.and then go on to 36something else 然后就可以做一些其它的事情38.without feeling guilty39.and without letting the other participants 37 down . 也不会让其它参与者失望40.This does not mean that 这并不是说41.adults must accept irresponsibility. 大人必须接受不负责任的做法42.38 On the contrary43.they can help students acquire a sense of commitment 获得一种责任感44.by 39planning for roles45.that are within their 40 capability 他们力所能及46.and their attention spans 又在他们注意力时间范围47.and by having clearly stated rules.通过制定清楚的活动规则Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans.A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they wantand then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.[A] thought[B]idea[C] opinion[D] advice22.[A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance23.[A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure24.[A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because25.[A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance26.[A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed27.[A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise28.[A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense29.[A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging30.[A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple31.[A] group[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation32.[A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security33.[A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely[D] rarely34.[A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short35.[A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if36.[A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something37.[A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone38.[A] On the contrary[C] On the whole[B] On the average[D] On the other hand39.[A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking40.[A] capability[B] responsibility[C] proficiency[D] efficiency文章背景这是一篇讲述关于如何帮助青少年适应变化的社科类议论文。
2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析
2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules. 21.[A] thought[B]idea[C] opinion[D] advice 22.[A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance 23.[A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure 24.[A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because 25.[A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance 26.[A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed 27.[A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise 28.[A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense 29.[A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging 30.[A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple 31.[A] group[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation 32.[A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security 33.[A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely[D] rarely 34.[A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short 35.[A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if 36.[A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something 37.[A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone 38.[A] On the contrary[C] On the whole[B] On the average[D] On the other hand 39.[A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking 40.[A] capability[B] responsibility[C] proficiency[D] efficiency文章背景 这是一篇讲述关于如何帮助青少年适应变化的社科类议论文。
2003年考研英语真题与解析(黄皮书)
2003 年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional,intellectual,and physical changes that young adults experience.And they also need to give serious1to how they can best2such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not justin ways that emphasize competition.4they are adjusting to their new bodiesand a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are6by others. However, the typicalteenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be7to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,8， publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,9student artwork,and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide10 opportunities for leadership,as well as for practice in successful11dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,and many shy students need the 12of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13 visible in thebackground.In these activities,it is important to remember that the young teens have 14 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15participantscan remain active as long as they want and then go on to 16 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 17 . This does not mean thatadults must accept irresponsibility. 18 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19 for roles that are within their 20 and their attentionspans and by having clearly stated rules.1.[A] thought[B] idea[C] opinion[D] advice2.[A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance3.[A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure4.[A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because5.[A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance6.[A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed7.[A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise8.[A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense9.[A] displaying[B]describing[C]creating[D]exchanging10. [A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple11. [A]group[B]individual[C]personnel[D]corporation12.[A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security13.[A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely [D] rarely14.[A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short15.[A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if16.[A]everything[B]anything[C]nothing[D]something17.[A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone18.[A]On the contrary [B]On the average[C]On the whole[D] On the other hand19.[A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking20.[A]capability[B]responsibility[C]proficiency[D]efficiencySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C]or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Inter net. The American spymaster whobuilt the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatevertools came to hand in the“ great game” of espionage — spying as a “profession.”These days the Net,which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’ s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn ’ t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen ’ s e-mail.That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years,the World Wide Webhas given birth to a whole industry of point-and-clic k spying.The spooks call it“open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows,it is becoming increasingly influential.In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.The winner,by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions， whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford,Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin,Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia)to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International.Many of its predictions are available online at .Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind ofmutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, aspymaster ’ s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.“ As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine, ” says Friedman, a former political science professor.“ And we’ll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks,of course,since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff membershave military-intelligence backgrounds.He sees the firm’ s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’ s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washingtonback-and-forthing,whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford,says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.21. The emergence of the Net has.[A]received support from fans like Donovan[B]remolded the intelligence services[C]restored many common pastimes[D]revived spying as a profession22. Donovan ’ s story is mentioned in the text to.[A]introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the US[C]give an episode of the information war[D]honor his unique services to the CIA23. The phrase“ making the biggest splash” (line 1,paragraph 3) most probablymeans .[A]causing the biggest trouble[B]exerting the greatest effort[C]achieving the greatest success[D]enjoying the widest popularity24.It can be learned from paragraph 4 that .[A] straitford’ s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] straitford’ s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information25.Straitford is most proud of its.[A]official status[B]nonconformist image[C]efficient staff[D]military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th -century statesman Edmund Burke,“ all that is needed for thetriumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rightsruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animalrights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals inresearch settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly womanstaffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked ifshe opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. Whenassured that they do,she replied,“Then I would have to say yes. ” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“ Don’ t worry, scientists will findsome way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. Weneed to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother ’s hip replacement, a father’ s bypass operation, a baby’ s vaccinations,and even a pet ’ s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done.Scientists could“adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lestanimal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratoryanimals receive humane care. Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry willextinguish the precious embers of medical progress.26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’ s words to.[A]call on scientists to take some actions[B]criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C]warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is.[A]cruel but natural[B]inhuman and unacceptable[C]inevitable but vicious[D]pointless and wasteful28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’ s.[A]discontent with animal research[B]ignorance about medical science[C]indifference to epidemics[D]anxiety about animal rights29.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientists should.[A]communicate more with the public[B]employ hi-tech means in research[C]feel no shame for their cause[D]strive to develop new cures30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is.[A]a well-known humanist[B]a medical practitioner[C]an enthusiast in animal rights[D]a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems,causing heightened concerns about monopoly.As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved byrails.Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads willcontrol well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow forsubstantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.Any threat of monopoly, they argue,is removed by fierce competition from trucks.But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances,such as coal,chemicals, and grain,trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers areserved by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“ captive ” shippers20 to30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process isexpensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the groundsthat in the long run it reduces everyone's cost.If railroads charged all customers the same average rate,they argue,shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so,leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe,but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining whichcompanies will flourish and which will fail.“ Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuningfortunes,still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions toacquire one another,with Wall Street cheering them on.Consider the$10.2billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year.Conrail's net railway operating income in1996 was just$427 million,less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction.Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill?Many captive shippers fear that they will,as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.31.According to those who support mergers,railway monopoly is unlikelybecause .[A]cost reduction is based on competition.[B]services call for cross-trade coordination.[C]outside competitors will continue to exist.[D]shippers will have the railway by the throat.32.What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in therail industry?[A]Indifferent.[B]Supportive.[C]Indignant.[D]Apprehensive.33. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that.[A]shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.[B]there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.[C]overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.[D]a government board ensures fair play in railway business.34. The word“ arbiters” (line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those.[A]who work as coordinators.[B]who function as judges.[C]who supervise transactions.[D]who determine the price.35.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainlycaused by .[A]the continuing acquisition.[B]the growing traffic.[C]the cheering Wall Street.[D]the shrinking market.Text 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and inCalifornia optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubledover the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled,cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal;we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish,even under ideal conditions.We all understand that at some level,yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payersfrom the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us,even if it’ s useless.The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care.Physicians —frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient — too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientificallyjustified.In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be$1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willingto try to reverse it.Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certainage— say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm“have a duty to die and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive.At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’ Connor is in her70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to ageas productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit.As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful.I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer,healthier lives than we have. As a nation,we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’ s lives.36.What is implied in the first sentence?[A]Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B]Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C]Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D]Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.37. The author uses the example of caner patients to show that.[A]medical resources are often wasted[B]doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C]some treatments are too aggressive[D]medical costs are becoming unaffordable38. The author’ s attitude toward Richard Lamm’ s remark is one of.[A] strong disapproval[B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt[D] enthusiastic support39.In contras to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.[A] more flexibly[B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously[D] more reasonably40.The text intends to express the idea that.[A]medicine will further prolong people’ s lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C]death should be accepted as a fact of life[D]excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read t he following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWERSHEET2. (10 points)Humanbeings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it.Humans are thoughtful and creative,possessed of insatiable curiosity.（41） Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which theylive,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity ina calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from suchstudies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and withall other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology ” derives from the Greek words anthropos“human” and logos “the study of. ” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of allhumankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.（42）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political, science,psychology,and sociology.Each of these social sciences has a subfield orspecialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is afield-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative methodin analysis.（43）The emphasis on data gathered first-hand,combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir EdwardTylor ’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectualachievements of 19th century science. （ 44）Tylor defined culture as “,that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilitiesand habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound inits simplicity,opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.（ 45）Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,” like the concept of“set ” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay entitled inwhich you should1） describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2） point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans.A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.[A] thought[B]idea[C] opinion[D] advice22.[A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance23.[A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure24.[A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because25.[A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance26.[A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed27.[A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise28.[A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense29.[A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging30.[A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple31.[A] group[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation32.[A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security33.[A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely[D] rarely34.[A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short35.[A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if36.[A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something37.[A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone38.[A] On the contrary[C] On the whole[B] On the average[D] On the other hand39.[A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking40.[A] capability[B] responsibility[C] proficiency[D] efficiency文章背景这是一篇讲述关于如何帮助青少年适应变化的社科类议论文。
主要介绍了老师需要了解青少年经历的情感、智力和身体上的变化。
他们还需要认真思考他们如何才能够最好地适应这些变化。
成长中的身体需要运动和锻炼，但并不只是通过强调竞争的方法来锻炼。
因为他们正在适应他们身体的新变化和许多新的智力和情感挑战，青少年特别敏感，他们需要信心，这种信心来自于取得成功并知道别人羡慕他们的成就。
答案详解21. 【解析】[A] 语义辨析/ 固定搭配题。
第二句中的And说明该句是对上句的补充，be aware of "意识到，想到" 与A项thought"思考，思想"意思一致，而与B项idea "主意，观点，想法"，C项opinion"意见"和D项advice "建议"不相照应; 四个词都可以和give连用，但是idea 和opinion是可数名词，前面需要不定冠词an, 而give an idea to和give an opinion to的对象都应是人。
D干扰性最大，容易选错，但是give advice to 的对象也应该是人，而要想与后面的how从句衔接则必须使用介词on,故不正确。
22.【解析】[B] 语义辨析题。
根据原文的含义，教师应该关注的是如何能够使他们(young adults)很好地"适应"这些变化。
此题的难点在于对accommodate一词词义的理解，可能很多考生只了解它的第一个意思"提供住宿"，而不熟悉另外两个重要的意思是"使满意;使适应"。
此题的选择还有一个重要的线索，就是紧接着下文中的adjust to(适应)，二者语义相近。
23.【解析】[C] 语义辨析题。
本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。
Growing bodies need movement and, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 并列连词and确定空格处的词汇与movement相似或者属于同类事物;转折词but not指示方向，but not just in ways that emphasize competition.确定要选择的名词是一种运动竞技项目。
不难发现，四个选项中只有C. exercise 表示"练习，锻炼"，是一种竞技运动。
因此，正确答案是B. exercise 练习。
24.【解析】[D] 逻辑关系题。
they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self conscious and … 从句"they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,… 青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战";主句"teenagers are especially self conscious… 他们的自我意识强……"。
不难发现，两个句子是因果关系。
因此，正确答案为D. because。
句子"Becauce they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self conscious and …""因为青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战,所以他们的自我意识强并且……。
"25.【解析】[C] 语义衔接题。
本题目选择名词，后面的定语从句提供信息选择答案。
顺着上一题的线索：句子叙述到Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self conscious and need thethat comes from achieving success and knowing。