电子系统的船级社认证—GL4-Electrically+controlled+internal+combustion+engines

Private and confidential
5
DNV GL © 2013
3 April 2014
Demands for single propulsion main engines 单推进主机的要求
For single engine plants it has to be ensured that in case of a failure of the governor or actuator the control of the engine can be taken over by another control device. To ensure continuous speed control or immediate resumption of control after a fault at least one of the following requirements is to be satisfied:
Mechanical camshaft机械凸轮轴... ... is manufactured with well experienced methods.
... 以丰富经验方法生产
... is calculated failsafe.
... 被测算为故障安全
... can be visually checked for wear and damages. ... 可以目测磨损和损坏 Electronic combustion control内燃机的电子控制... ... depends on electronic components which may fail without announcment. ... 取决于没有故障报告的电子元件 ... depends on electronic components which are exposed to High environmental stress.取决于暴露在恶劣环境的电子元件 ... is realised with software which is never 100% bug free.
对于主机来说，电子控制系统的一个故障不允许导致推进动力整个失去或者突然改变。在个别案例 上，德劳船级社可能批准其他故障情形，但也须保证船速不会加快。

One failure of an electronic control system shall not result in a total loss of the propulsion power 电子控制系统的一个故障不允许导致推进动力的整个失去
Private and confidential
4
DNV GL © 2013
3 April 2014
Biblioteka Baidu
Demands for single propulsion main engines 单推进主机的要求
For main propulsion engines one failure of an electronic control system shall not result in a total loss or sudden change of the propulsion power. In individual cases, GL may approve other failure conditions, whereby it is ensured that no increase of ship's speed occurs.
Open and closed loop control for speed and power of internal combustion engines (main and auxiliary engines) and electrical actuators are subject to mandatory type testing. Applicable are the guidelines for the performance of type approval which are in line with the IACS Unified Requirements E10. This is to ensure that the equipment is able to withstand the environmental conditions which are expected on combustion engines.
The electronic combustion control can be seen as variable cam shaft 内燃机的电子控制可体现为不同的凸轮轴
Private and confidential
2
DNV GL © 2013
3 April 2014
Different point of view; 不同的方法
对于单一主机，在调节器或执行器故障情况下必须保证另外的控制设备能够接替对主机的控制。为了确保持 续的速度控制或者故障后的迅速恢复控制，至少一项以下要求需被满足：
a) The governor system has an independent back-up system or
调节器系统有一个独立的备用系统 或者
Private and confidential
7
DNV GL © 2013
3 April 2014
Demands for single propulsion main engines 单推进主机的要求
ECU
ECU
First Failure of ECU, crank angle encoder or cabling does not lead to loss of propulsion 第一个主机控制单元的故障，曲柄角度编码器或电缆布置不会导致失去推进 Second Failure of ECU, crank angle encoder or cableing may lead to loss of propulsion 第二个主机控制单元的故障，曲柄角度编码器或电缆布置会导致失去推进 Typcial application: Medium and high speed propulsion engines 典型的应用：中速或高速主机
MARITIME
Electrically controlled internal combustion engines
Requirements for the electonics
Mr. CUI Jingbo 2014-04-08
Private and confidential
1
DNV GL © 2013
3 April 2014
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
Why electronic combustion control? 为什么内燃机要电子控制？
• Fulfillment of emission demands; 满足排放要求 • Adjustment of optimal combustion to different load conditions; 根据不同负荷状态， 调整内燃机到最佳状态 • Allow stable run at very low speed; 允许稳定低速运行 • Slow steaming; 低速运行 • Possibility of various engine diagnostics; 可实现主机的多样性诊断
Private and confidential
11
DNV GL © 2013
3 April 2014
The electronic camshaft: Pump Units
Private and confidential
12
DNV GL © 2013
3 April 2014
Requirements for the electronics First step: Hardware Type Approval
主机备有适宜操控的手动操作燃油控制系统
Private and confidential
6
DNV GL © 2013
3 April 2014
Demands for single propulsion main engines 单推进主机的要求
ECU
Failure of ECU, crank angle encoder or cabling may lead to loss of propulsion 主机控制单元的故障，曲柄角度编码器或电缆布置都可能导致失去推进 Typical application: Auxiliary Engines, maybe multiple propulsion engines 典型的应用：辅机，可能涉及多推进主机
Private and confidential
9
DNV GL © 2013
3 April 2014
The electronic camshaft: Control Units
Private and confidential
10
DNV GL © 2013
3 April 2014
The electronic camshaft: Crank angle encoder
Private and confidential
13
DNV GL © 2013
3 April 2014
Tests to be conducted
... 利用不是100%无漏洞的软件实现
... needs interconnections with sensitive cables and plugs. ... 需要敏感的电缆和插座内部连接
Private and confidential
3 DNV GL © 2013 3 April 2014
Private and confidential
8 DNV GL © 2013 3 April 2014
Demands for single propulsion main engines 单推进主机的要求
CCU
CCU
CCU
CCU
CCU
CCU
ECU
ECU
P
P
Second Failure of ECU, crank angle encoder or cabling may lead to loss of propulsion 第二个主机控制单元的故障，曲柄角度编码器或电缆布置会导致失去推进 CCU Failure causes only affected cylinder to stop working 油缸控制单元故障仅仅使受影响油缸停止工作 CCU takes various control functions and data collection (e.g. cylinder lubrication) 油缸控制单元有许多控制和数据收集功能（如油缸润滑） Typical application: Slow speed propulsion engines 典型的应用：低速推进主机
Replacement of camshaft by electronic control 替换凸轮轴使用电子控制
ECU
The electronics shall ensure the same reliability as the mechanical camshaft. 电子设备须保证和机械凸轮轴一样的可靠性
b) there is a redundant governor assembly for manual change-over with a separately protected power supply or
有一个冗余的调节器装备用于手动操作，且备有分开受保护的电源 或者
c) the engine has a manually operated fuel admission control system suitable for manoeuvring.