2018年高三语文嘉定、长宁区一模试卷和答案要点及评分标准
2018届上海市长宁区高三上学期教学质量检测(一模)语文试题及答案 精品
长宁区2018-2018学年第一学期高三语文教学质量检测试卷(满分150分，考试时间150分钟）—、阅读（80分）(―)阅读下文，完成1-6题。
（18分）说“木叶”林庚①“袅袅兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下。
”（《九歌》)自从屈原吟唱出这动人的诗句，“木叶”就突出地成为诗人们笔下钟爱的形象。
②“木叶”也就是“树叶”，可是在古代诗歌中为什么很《橘颂》里就说：“后皇嘉树，橘徕服兮。
”无名氏古诗里也说:“庭中有奇树，绿叶发华滋。
”可是为什么单单“树叶”就不常见了呢？例如：“亭皋木叶下，陇首秋云飞。
”（柳恽《捣衣诗》）“九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳。
”（沈佺期《古意》）可见洗炼并不能作为“叶”字独用的理由，那么“树叶”为什么从来就无人过问呢？至少从来就没有产生过精彩的诗句。
而事实又正是这样的，自从屈原以惊人的天才发现了“木叶”的奥妙，此后的诗人们也就再不肯轻易把它放过；于是一用再用，熟能生巧；而在诗歌的语言中，乃又不仅限于“木叶”一词而已.例如杜甫有名的《登高》诗中说：“无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。
”这是大家熟悉的名句，而这里的“落木”无疑的正是从屈原《九歌》中的“木叶”发展来的。
按“落木萧萧下”的意思当然是说树叶萧萧而下，说“无边落叶萧萧下”岂不更为明白吗？然而天才的杜甫却宁愿省掉“木叶”之“叶”而不肯放弃“木叶”之“木”，这道理究竟是什么呢？③从“木叶”发展到“落木”，其中关键显然在“木”这一字，其与“树叶”或“落叶”的不同，也正在此。
从概念上说，“木叶”就是“树叶”，原没有什么可以辩论之处；可是到了诗歌的形象思维之中，后者则无人过问，前者则不断发展。
为什么呢？因为“树”易让人想到繁茂的枝叶，而“木”则易让人想到树叶脱落，也就是说，“木”本身仿佛就含有一个落叶的因素。
④要说明“木”何以会有这个特征，就不能不触及诗歌语言中暗示性的问题。
敏感而有修养的诗人们正在于能认识语言形象中一切潜在的力量，把潜在的力量与概念中的意义交织组合起来，于是成为丰富多彩一言难尽的言说；它在不知不觉之中影响着我们；它之富于感染性启发性者在此，它之不落于言筌．．者也在此。
2018届嘉定、长宁区高三一模语文试题
嘉定区2017 -2018学年度高三年级第一次质量调研语文试卷一积累应用(10分)1.按要求填空。
(5分)（1）闻道有先后，_______________,如是而已(韩愈《师说》)术业有专攻（2）可堪孤馆闭春寒，__________。
(秦观《______●郴州旅舍》)鹃声里斜阳暮踏莎行（3）《诗经●采微》中“昔我往矣，杨柳依依“以乐景衬哀情。
杜甫《登楼》中也有以乐景衬哀情的一联是“_________________，__________________。
”花近高楼伤客心，万方多难2.按要求选择。
(5 分)(1)老张旅居海外三十年，他想写句话来打发自己的思归之情，以下句子最合适的一项是( C) (2分)A.浩荡清淮天共流，长风万里送归舟。
B.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
C.树高千丈，叶落归根。
D.云横秦岭家何在? 雪拥蓝关马不前。
(2) 填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是( B )。
(3 分)无论是面对大自然的灾难，还是日常生活的挫折，抑或是异性的拒绝，诗人都保有一颗赤子心，__________________，满怀欣喜地去摄取其中的养料，甚至能够在否定的现象中挖掘肯定的因素。
A.因此总是被激发出无尽的想象力B.因此总是能够激发无尽的想象力C.并且总是被激发出无尽的想象力D.并且总是能够激发无尽的想象力二阅读(70分)(一) 阅读下文，完成第3-7题。
(16分)剧作家与戏剧性①一出戏演完了，当你随着人流涌出剧场的时候，常常听到这样的议论声 :‚不错，真有戏!‛或者是:‚我都要睡着了，没戏!‛‚有戏‛或‚没戏‛是观众评价一出戏的常用标准。
可是，究竟什么是‚戏‛呢? 我们通常所说的‚戏剧性‛究竟涉及一些什么问题? 剧作者该如何对待‚戏剧性‛呢?②美国戏剧理论家贝克首经对‚戏剧性‛一词进行了探讨，他说。
‚在日常用语中，‘戏剧性’这个词的意思有三个:(1)戏剧的材料;(2)能产生感情反应的；(3)在剧场条件下完全可以上演的……只有第一、二两个定义才合乎‘戏剧性’，而第三个则应该是‚剧场性’。
2018年上海市嘉定、长宁区高三二模语文试卷(附答案及解题说明)
长宁、嘉定区2018年高三年级第二次质量调研语文试卷考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
3．考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
一积累应用（10分）1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1），于我如浮云。
（孔子《论语七则》）（2）燎沉香，消溽暑，鸟雀呼晴，（周邦彦《》）（3）陶渊明《饮酒》（其五）中表达“得意忘筌”意思的诗句是“，”2.按要求选择。
（2分）（1）小明即将高中毕业，想用诗句表达与同窗惜别之意，以下最合适的一项是（）（2分）A.但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。
B.何当重相见，樽酒慰离颜。
C.莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君。
D.相濡以沫，不若相忘于江湖。
（2）依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是（）。
（3分）东方艺术博物馆近日举办名为“清明”的展览，展出了几位画家、摄影师的作品。
_______，______。
_______，_______，_______，_______，启发我们发现身边日常中的奇景和诗意。
①多么微不足道的事物在艺术家眼里都可能变成艺术主题②展出的作品大都体现出用细节带出重点的风格特点③彰显出艺术独具的神奇力量④作品展示的都是他们清明节期间在各地采风时留下的记录⑤内容从自然环境、风物、礼仪礼俗到人物情态活动，覆盖面很广⑥而且带有叙事意味，每件作品都像日常世界里一个生动的短篇故事A．②⑥⑤④③①B．②③①④⑤⑥C．④⑤②①⑥③D．④⑥⑤①③②二阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成3—7题（16分）创客运动与传统文化林少雄①所谓“创客”，是英文“Maker”的意与音结合了汉语语意创造的一个新词，主要指当代社会酷爱科技、富于创意、热衷实践、立志创业的特定社会人群。
以创客为主体的创客运动，以分享技术、交流思想为其乐趣所在，以创意孵化、技术实践、产品研发为其介入或促进社会、参与或抗拒政治的行为。
2018届上海市长宁、嘉定区高三下学期4月二模考试语文试题及答案 精品
2018年高三语文教学质量检测试卷（长宁嘉定卷）（一）阅读下文，完成1—6题。
（18分）建筑：“此地人”的文化生态场景①城市建筑是与经济、社会发展水平相适应的城市文化生态的重要构成部分。
目前我国各地的经济、社会发展和城乡景观发展水平仍不平衡。
处在这一历史阶段的中国建筑，怎样体现既往与当今、时代与地域的关系？这是当下中国城市建筑文化生态演进的重要思考点。
②“现代性”促成了合理的城市化和建筑现代化，也导致了文化断根的城市化和城市、建筑的千篇一律。
于是，面对历史空间，便有两种倾向：标榜逻辑合理的“新陈代谢”和诉诸历史价值的“怀古恋旧”，而前者占压倒性优势。
观察中外城市与建筑演变进程中呈现的差异，可以对上述问题有更深入的思考：一是以巴黎19世纪的“奥斯曼计划”为例，法国近代旧城改造虽然颇具争议地拆除了大半的中世纪建筑及街区，但是也留下了有着较高建造质量并仍适应当代发展的近代历史城市景观。
今天的中国，大部分城镇包括重要历史城镇都经过了初级改造，却留下了很多问题和遗憾，低质建造比例大、地域风土特征保留少、景观相似度甚高等现代城市建筑通病随处可见。
第二个差异是，当代西方城市强调的可持续发展以后工业时代为背景，已经面临“逆城市化”和“再城市化”的问题，城市的历史空间与现代空间已从相对立走向相交融，而中国如何在社会和人文意义上，同时实现从农耕时代到后工业时代的“有机更新”，乃是目前面临的一个巨大挑战。
这就使我们看到了在现代性和全球化影响下，传统城乡的改造有必要坚持反思现代性的历史主义观念和保持各地文化生态多样性的地域主义立场。
③在“现代性”的冲击下，我们正在失去美国建筑师弗兰克·劳埃德·莱特说过的“使居者能有‘此地人’切身感受”的地域建筑特征。
面对此种挑战，虽然当下很多城市采用“再现”古城、古建已逝风貌的重建对策，但是这种被动的历史“再现”很难成为城市演进的主导方向。
④城市空间并非是一元性的，即使在全球化文化交流、交融的背景下，我们依然可以看到，在文化生态上有魅力、可持续的城市，不仅是“与古为新”拥有历史厚度的城市，还拥有质感的山水、建筑和人文环境，是有“此地人”感受的地方。
2018年上海高三一模语文汇编--文言文阅读(二)
2018年高三一模语文汇编—文言文阅读（二）【长宁嘉定】治生说（清）汪琬①治生之家，未有急于治田亩者也。
劳劳然春而播之，夏而耕之，秋而获之。
惟其家有积谷，然后可以贸易百物。
于是金玉锦绣之货，饮食器用之需，旁及于图书、彝鼎、稀有难得之玩，皆可不劳而坐致之，故擅富名于天下。
不幸而有不肖者出，厌其耕获之勤以费也，遂尽斥其田亩以委之于人，虽然有所蓄，已不足以给朝夕而谋衣食矣，况望其致富哉?②为学亦然。
举凡诗书、六艺、诸子百家，吾所资以为文者，亦如富家之有田亩也，故必惫精竭神以耕且获于其中。
惟其取之也多，养之也熟，则有渐摩①之益，而无剽贼②之疵；有心手相应之能，而无首尾舛互之病；浩乎若御风而行，沛乎若决百川四渎而东注。
其见于文者如此，则亦庶几乎其可也。
彼不能力求乎古人而思欲苟营而捷得之，于是取之者少，则剽贼之疵见；而养之者疏，则舛互之病生。
以此夸耀于人，与不肖子之弃田亩何以异哉?③《记》曰“无剿说③，无雷同。
”必则④古昔，称先王。
今之学者，可谓剿说矣，雷同矣！骤而告之□古昔、先王，不将骇然而疑，哗然而笑，群以为愚且迂者乎？嗟乎！使吾之说而不愚不迂，又何以自异于今之学者？故书此以自勉。
[注]①渐摩：渐仁摩义，即以仁惠浸润着，以节义砥砺着。
②剽贼：窃取别人的陈言。
③剿说：窃取别人的言论而为己说。
④则：效法。
21.可填入第③段方框处的虚词是（）（1分）A.以B.乃C.其D.于22.对第①段理解正确的一项是（）（2分）A.提出治生不能急于治田亩的观点，列举生活常识，从正反两方面来阐述。
B.提出治生不能急于治田亩的观点，从耕种之劳和收获之大两方面来阐述。
C.提出治生要以田亩为本的观点，以治田亩者轻松贸易百货的事实来阐述。
D.提出治生要以田亩为本的观点，以百货所得都必源于田亩的事实来阐述。
23.对第②段画线句理解正确的一项是（）（3分）A.为学不能只是学习古人而忽视自己的能力。
B.为学如果不随意地经营就能很快地有收获。
上海市长宁、嘉定区2018届高三“一模”考试英语试题及答案
上海市嘉定区2017学年度第一学期质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2017.12.27I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Fascinating. B. Useful. C. Difficult. D. Boring.2. A. In a restaurant. B. In a factory.C. In a department store.D. In an office.3.A. A librarian. B. A psychologist. C. A Publisher. D. A teacher.4. A. He prefers to join the woman later. B. He intends to eat out tonight.C. He wants to watch the basketball game.D. He hates to lose the championship.5. A. It was quite delightful. B. It was not well organized.C. Careful preparations had been done.D. People made a mess on the ground.6. A. He is quite unhappy with the woman. B. He is eager to know the woman's reply.C. The woman should make full use of her time.D. The woman doesn't have to be in a hurry.7. A. Go on smoking B. Cry out his heart.C. Talk with the doctor.D. Carry on with exercise.8. A. Boss and shop assistant. B. House agent and client,C. Interviewer and job hunter.D. Manager and customer.9. A. She had better stay up late tonight. B. She has to get more sleep at night.C. She should avoid distractions in class.D. She must improve her grades gradually.10. A.The man only filled his tank half full. B. The man can't read the instrument.C. The car is breaking down on the wayD. The car has run out of gasoline.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. purchasing less expensive objects available.B. Buying only essentials and a treat on occasion.C. Learning to cook for yourself at home.D. Living on less money than you earn.12. A. To have a better health B. To keep their promises.C. To avoid being hurt easily.D. To gain a desired friendship.13. A. Life skills needed to be learnt at an early age.B. Great ways of saving money in the early years.C. Practical skills to cook nutritious food at home.D. Methods of gathering wisdom instead of bitterness.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14. A. To work on the rented land peacefully. B.To get used to the terribly cold weather.C. To tell his kids stories every night.D. To break the poverty cycle of his family.15. A.He worked in the dairy with his mother. B.He learned to mend his own clothes.C. He had a strong passion for words.D.He got well educated at school.16. A. 25. B. 27. C. 28. D. 37.17. A. He was considerably influenced by his mother.B. Farm work turned out to be quite easy for him.C. He had already become famous before his father passed away.D. people in Scotland regarded him as a successful farmer singer.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18. A. Harbin is her favorite city. B. She doesn't like places in the south.C. Russia is a beautiful country.D. She can't stand the heat in summer.19. A. Driving a car by themselves in the local country.B. Getting a group of ten people traveling together.C. Flying at the weekend with special fare tickets.D. Inviting more friends to share the happiness.20. A. Not knowing any local people. B. Unable to find a fellow traveller.C. unable to speak Russian.D. Not having any interpreter ·II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Is sport always fun ?One afternoon in the last week of term, I saw three children form my son’s school in tears being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11-year -old had stomach pains and (21) ______(throw ) up several times when I noticed his sickness. Talking to other mothers, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.What caused so much suffering ? Sports day ---- not sports day at a highly competitive independent school, but at a large village primary. (22) ______ it causes no problem to the children who can fly (23) _____ the wind, for those who are poorly coordinated (动作协调), overweight or just not good at sport, it is terrible. Even for those who enjoy (24) ______(run ) but who fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster.As for the reason (25) ______ we put our children through this annual suffering, some May say that competition is character-buliding or it is a tradition of school life; some may assume (26) ______ reallymatters is taking part not winning. I just felt pity for those children in tears or in pain.Team games at the end of the “sport” were fun (27) ______ (watch) because they produced some close races, enormous enthusiasm and lots of shouting. More importantly , (28) ______(hide ) a little form everyone’s gaze, the children who were not so fast or so quick at passing the ball had the excitement of being on the winning side.I wish that sports day could (29)________(abandon) and replaced with some other summer event. perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be (30) ________(stressful )for the children and a lot more fun for the spectators.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.This invention, commonly used in offices and households throughout the world, came about as a result of a series of accidents. In 1968 Spencer Silver, who was working for a company called 3M at the time, was trying to produce super-strong adhesive, a substance making things sticky together, to be used in the building of planes. This, however, wasn’t successful and instead he succeeded in creating an extremely weak adhesive that was 31 to pressure. This new adhesive had two advantages: it could be removed from surfaces quite easily and it could be reused. In spite of these two 32 features, nobody could see any practical use for it. In the end, the invention was 33 .A few years later, Art Fry, a product development engineer working for 3M, decided to use this adhesive for 34 use. He stuck strips of paper in a book as page marker and a whole new concept was born. However, the idea still wasn’t without35 . The challenge was to make the glue stay on the sticky note itself, rather than peeling off and staying on the surface it was 36 to. Two more 3M employees were brought in and set the task of producing a coating for the adhesive so that it wouldn’t come off and they 37 just that. Unfortunately, 3M bosses still believed that this invention wasn’t going to be 38 successful and people would continue to use crap paper(小纸条) for their notes rather than sticky notes. This is why sticky notes were only tested within the company, where they became extremely popular. It wasn’t until many years later that 3M bosses finally decided to give out a vast amount of free 39 to other companies to see if anyone would be interested in buying them. To their surprise, 90 per cent of the companies approached went on to order more sticky notes. This went beyond anybody’s 40 . Nowadays, sticky notes come in a variety of shapes and colours and are sold in more than 100 countries.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.About five years ago, when the first generation of wearable fitness trackers became popular, they were announced as the dawn of a revolution. Health experts and busniesspeople alike said that giving people access to real-time calorie (卡路里)- burning and step-count data would inspire them to lose weight, eat better and -most important- ____41____ more. But even as the U.S. market for ___42____ devices hits $7 billion this year, there’s evidence that their promise isn’t quite paying off.The U.S. has an exercise problem, with 28% of Americans ages 50 and over considered wholly ___43____. That means 31 million adults move no more than is necessary to perform the most basic functions of daily life. Wearables, experts ___44___, were going to change that.But limited academic research has been done to figure outwhetherwearables ____45____ people’s behavior in the long term. The little research that does exist isn’t ____46____. For a recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers wanted to see whether activity trackers would help overweight people lose more weight over two years than if they just did a weight-loss intervention(干预) alone. They didn’t. “We found that just giving people a device doesn’t mean it’s going to ____47____ something you think it’s going to lead to,” says John Jakicic, the author of the study, from the University of Pittsburgh. “These activity trackers don’t engage people in strategies that make a ___48___ in terms of long-term change”Another new study highlighted a different challenge: user ____49___. By the end of a yearlong study of 800 people, just 10% of participants were still wearing the trackers, according to, Eric Finkelstein, a professor at the Duke- NUS Medical School in Singap ore. “We didn’t find that Fitbits really have much of an effect,” he says. This may well be because people expect trackers to do something they’re not designed to do-- ____50____, force them to change their behavior. “There’s ____51____ among people about their f unction, a measurement tool and an intervention,” Finkelstein says. A scale counts pounds, ____52____, but won’t teach you how to eat less. “When people put these devices on, they might interact with the app(应用程序) for the first few weeks, maybe the first f ew months, but there comes a point where that starts to fall off,” says Finkelstein.To be ____53___, some of the costlier add higher-tech wearables have features baked into them that encourage users to move more, says Shelten Y uen, Fitbit’s vice presi dent of research. Among them: shaking sensors, movement reminders and social- media combination, all designed to ____54____ users to make better health choices every day. But more research will be needed to determine whether or not these ____55____ -- or others like them--measurably improve people’s health and fitness levels.41. A. learn B. purchase C. exercise D. perform42. A. wearable B. electronic C. hi-tech D. built-in43. A. misunderstood B. inactive C. discourage D. unchangeable44. A. announced B. determined C. hoped D. noticed45. A. limit B. understand C. interpret D. change46. A. encouraging B. interesting C. pioneering D. challenging47. A. benefit from B. result in C. add to D. look for48. A. design B. movement C. profit D. difference49. A. reduction B. participation C. creation D. expectation50. A. namely B. therefore C. however D. shortly51. A. argument B. popularity C. confusion D. interaction52. A. by the way B. in other words C. of course D. for example53. A. fair B. cute C. accessible D. technical54. A. persuade B. motivate C. follow D. teach55. A. concepts B. sensors C. scales D. featuresSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)In Michael Morpurgo’s novel War Horse, the horse is not only the principal character,he is the teller of his own story.Set in England and France 100 years ago War Horse tells the story of Joey, a handsome young horse who strikes up a close relationship with Albert, the teenage son of Joey’s owner.But war breaks out an d they are separated and plunged into the horrors of the war in France.Both survive and are finally reunited after a remarkable series of events seen through the eyes of the splendid war horse, Joey.The following cutting comes from near the beginning of the book after Albert, much to his father’s surprise, has succeeded in training Joey to pull the plough.56. What amazed Alb ert’s father was that Joey could_______.A. help turn the soilB. survive the horrible warC. tell his own storiesD. make friends with people57. As for the coming war,Mother said that________.A. their village would get involved very soon.B. both Albert and Joey could be tough fightersC. the old duke’s death maybe meant nothing to themD. Albert was not grown up enough to join the army58. Which of the following best describes Albert a ccording to Joey’s account in war horse?A. Imaginative but timidB. Innocent but braveC. Quiet but thoughtfulD. Ambitious but cold(B)Clare College CambridgeClare is the second oldest college in Cambridge University, having initially been founded in 1326 and refounded by Elizabath de Clare in 1338. Today, we uphold her educational and social goals and College is a booming community of over 100 Fellows, 450 undergraduate students, 200 graduate students and 100 staff.The College welcomes visitors, but please remember it is a working environment supporting academic scholarship. We hope you will enjoy the beauty of the gardens and buildings, but it is essential that visitors: ●conduct themselves quietly around the College;●avoid blocking paths or doorways;●do not enter areas marked “Private” or “Closed”Historic buildings have steep steps and some rough surfaces. So please mind your steps. Please help to maintain the appearance of the College grounds by:●not picnicking or dropping litter;●keeping to the pathways in Old Court;●not smoking while on the College grounds.The Porters cabins provide first aid facilities. Unfortunately, Clare College does not have public toilets. PhotographyVisitors may use hand held cameras. Photography for commercial purposes requires prior permission in writing from the Head Porter.Preservation and DonationsClare College receives no state funding for the preservation of these historic buildings and gardens, but relies instead on donations. If you would like to support the work of the College, its buildings or gardens. Please contact the Development Office (http: www. ). We welcome inquires.59.From the writing we can learn that Clare College_________.A. only opens part of her buildings and gardens to the publicB. mainly gets the money from donators and the governmentC. enjoys a growing reputation as the second largest in Cambridge UniversityD. welcomes cameramen to take photos on campus for different purposes60. Suppose you are a tour guide with a group at Clare College, which of the following might trulyput you to trouble?A.A couple insist enjoying their lunch on the lawn.B.A child needs to go to the bathroom all of a sudden.C.An elderly woman falls off the steps and hurts herself.D.Some tourists keep exchanging ideas in a loud voice.61.We can most probably get this piece of writing from_________.A. the academic website of Cambridge UniversityB. the Development Office of Clare CollegeC. the Head Porter of Cambridge UniversityD. the main entrance of Clare College(C)Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments in favour of homework, and most teachers would agree with many, if not all, of the following:homework is a perfect opportunity to go over calmly what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop learner self-governance outside the classroom;students and parents expect homework to be set and to be corrected. Nevertheless, the drawbacks that homework may have are often overlooked.There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework os not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the street, on the bus on the way to class or sitting on the step outside school before it opens. What’s more, all too often, for it to be done effectively at home, homework requires the participation and involvement of other adults. Parents play a crucial role in a child’s education, but they cann’t always be available, for a number of very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid, guide, encourage and simply organi ze a son or daughter’s study may be limited in many ways. The implication are unsetting: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.Considering the second part of the compound noun opens up further questions. If the idea of home can be problematic, so too can the concept of work.Again, this will depend enormously on the context but , very often there is a lot of work put in. Demands on their time and attention span(持续时间)and all sorts of other impositions mean homework is usually something to get out of the way, to be ticked off as done, with the exercises completed as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful times spent developing and strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished to keep the teacher at bay. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, evenWhen work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.The ideal that students go home, think back to what they did with their teacher, use the great resources their books and the internet provide to revise, reflect and put everything they have seen in class in place, into action, into practice, does not often happen with some students.62. Which of the following is not among the advantages of homework according to paragraph 1?A. Solidifying the knowledge and skills learnt in class.B. Developing the ability of the independent learning.C. Building a closer teacher-student relationship.D. Meeting the requirements of students and parents.63. Speaking of the significant impact of homework upon children’s success in class, some are justinferior to others because_______.A. their tutors are not always available to support themB. they are born without the ability to deal with conceptsC. their family circumstances limit their learning abilityD. some unknown reasons greatly hold up their progress64.“Keep the teacher at bay”(paragragh3) means the way homework is done____.A. imposes enormous meaningless evaluating work on teachersB. blocks teachers from knowing more about their studentsC. displays the great efforts students make to satisfy their teachersD. shows achievements teachers expect to accomplish in their work65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Homework is hardly functioning as is naturally expected.B. Parents need to stand away from their children’s homework.C. Students prefer doing homework elsewhere instead of at home.D. The quality of homework is usually teachers’first concern.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？A. Are you ready for homework yet?B. Is there a way out for homework?C. Home and Work: it’s hard to combine.D. Homework or No homework: it is your choice.Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. EachAre zoos bad for animals ?Zoos have existed since ancient times and were features of the great courts of Egypt and China. Thedisplay of unusual animals form foreign countries was, for a long time, a show of wealth and power. Today, zoos focus on the preservation of animals species and the education of the public. __67___ Some animals are distinctly unsuited for life in a zoo, however noble the aims of the organization. Keeping elephant in captivity (囚禁) has long caused argument among animals rights activists. Elephant in the wild wander constantly, covering a wide territory on a daily basis. In captivity, they have no choice but to stand still for long periods of time. ___68____. Y et elephants are a threatened species in their native environments and are heavily caught for ivory(象牙)，leather and meat illegally. To protect the species form the wild due to injury or abandonment.___69___. The chances are, if a zoo has nothing but cement floors and metal enclosures, the animals will not do as well. Many famous zoos now construct enclosures allowing animals freedom of movement and native vegetation. Some zoos have even begun housing species of animals together that normally interact in the wild, such as certain types of monkeys.Zoos are not a perfect solution for preservation.____70___. They are undeniably helpful in repopulating declining animal species and encouraging a preservationist outlook, but they are unquestionably primary in their treatment of some animals. Hopefully, animal activists and zoo advocates will continue to work together, finding ways to create the best environment for captive animals in breeding and repopulation efforts.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The advantages of social networkingWhy do most people sign up to social networking sites? The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be able to catch up with friends and keep up with their news on am almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.Keep up-to-date,however,doesn’t have to be restricted to friends and acquaintances(相识的人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their band or theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artists’ work and to interact with their favourite artist.Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organise an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organise their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or where they live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a football match, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sites offer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite each other to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 保持身体健康是硬道理。
2018年上海各区高考语文一模分类汇编(文言文二)
【浦东卷】(五) 阅读下文，完成第21－25题。
（13分）《梅谱》序（明）王思任摘看一世之心，卑者逐无涯，高者命不朽。
至百年之外，其人与心，俱血俱土也。
有荧然一点如火之传薪者，无几也。
②山阴刘雪湖，少时见王元章①画梅而悦之，至忘寝食。
学之成，遂负笈买履，走名山幽壑，不知老之将至。
始焉以元章画，继焉以梅画，迄于今从心所欲。
腕脱神飞，墨停三日，而淋漓之气不止。
曾有严某泛舟，展视其图，值花蝶翩来，依依数里许。
又曾画倪中丞之壁，越半载，蜂食其华殆尽。
化则还天，诚能动物，一之至也。
③雪湖尝告人曰：“画梅以韵格胜。
”夫韵在声后，格在局先。
善歌善弈者可知而不可解，即可解而又不可知。
雪湖直以梅知之，而以画解之，此其心之独至，千载而下有必传者也。
著《梅谱》凡四刻，俱为好事者携去。
性既孤高，而家贫不能再刻，无以应问奇者。
④予偶还里中，访雪湖山房，出旧稿示余，余为刻之于姑孰官邸。
人共谓雪湖得梅之趣，而吾独谓雪湖得梅之苦。
人徒欲传雪湖之画，而吾独欲传雪湖之心。
倘从此有如其歌弈之悟．．．．以至心而心传焉，则是《梅谱》乃导师也。
（选自《刘雪湖梅谱》，有删节）【注】①王元章：即元代著名画家王冕。
21．可填入第①段方框处的虚词是（）。
（1分）A．焉B．与C．也D．矣22．赏析第②段画线句的表达效果。
（3分）23．对第④段加点短语“歌弈之悟”理解正确的一项是（）。
（3分）A．善歌善弈者可知而不可解。
B．善歌善弈者可解而不可知。
C．雪湖以梅知之，以画解之。
D．韵在声后，格在局先。
24．下列对第④段画线句的理解正确的一项是( )。
(2分)A. 人们普遍认为刘雪湖悟出了梅的志趣。
B. 人们普遍认为刘雪湖获得了画梅乐趣。
C. 作者认为刘雪湖悟出了梅的孤寒本色。
D. 作者认为刘雪湖从画梅中体悟到甘苦。
25．概括这篇序言的行文思路。
（4分）【宝山卷】（五）阅读下文，完成第21-25题。
（13分）彭州圆觉禅院记北宋苏洵①人之居乎此也，其必有乐乎此也。
2018嘉定高三语文一模范文
选择正确的事（65分）我们总听大人说：“你们现在只是个学生，学生就只该学习。
”这不禁让我们开始思考：我们只需要学习就可以了吗？或是我们一定要学习好呢？我想，这个答案显而易见：只有开始学习才有学习好的可能。
这正与我今天想提出的一样，只有选择了“对的”事情，才有机会将这件事情做到真正意义上的“对”。
范仲淹在《灵乌赋》中写道：“宁鸣而死，不默而生。
”结合今天的话题就是：宁愿做了对的事情但结果不好，也不要在毫无意义的事情上浪费生命。
举一个非常简单的例子，无数的英雄先烈在抗日期间被俘虏后由于绝不出卖国家的强大意志而遭到残忍杀害。
他们无疑做了一件对的事情，用鲜血染红了五星红旗，造就了如今的中华人民共和国。
同样，那些受不住皮肉之苦而彻底背叛国家的人，作为一个叛徒，他们将背叛行为做到了无可挑剔得“对”，或许他们照样可以在那些地方出人头地，但绝不会被我们中国人所铭记在心。
对于我们国家，于其家庭，于其自身，这都不是一件对的事情。
一个鸣而生，一个默而死，孰是孰非，一目了然。
当然，也有着许多将两者结合得十分完美的。
但这与我今天所提出的相悖吗？其实不然，反而相得益彰。
他们正是因为选择了正确的事，才能够将事情做对。
2004年春晚舞台上惊艳全国的千手观音，她们其实是一群聋哑人。
如果她们在得知自己无法听见这世上奇妙的声音，无法开口与世界交流，她们或是抑郁，甚者自杀，那么我们就无法看到如此震撼的表演。
由此，她们选择了对的事情，她们没有停下对于生命的希望，反而将对于这世界所有的好奇倾注进每一次的练习中。
正是因为她们做了一件对的事情并且将这件事做对了，我们才有机会享受到这一场视听盛宴啊！就像是哲学中量变与质变的关系，前者是后者的必要条件，后者是前者的必然结果。
我今天所提出的也是如此：只有选择做对的事情，才能真正将事情做“对”。
因此，显而易见：做对的事情比将事情做对更为重要。
所以，选择去做正确的事吧，只有做了对的事才是有意义的，继而拼尽全力将这件事做对，才会变成不可反驳的正确。
长宁、嘉定区2018届高三一模语文试题 含解析
一、积累运用（10分）1．补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。
（5分，每题1分）（1）香雾云鬟湿，______________________________。
（杜甫《月夜》）（2）____________________，断桥头卖鱼人散。
（马致远《寿阳曲》）（3）吾师道也，_______________________________？（韩愈《师说》）（4）《生于忧患，死于安乐》（《孟子·告子下》中指出艰苦磨练有益于人的句子是“___________________，_______________。
”（5）清代民族英雄林则徐有一副著名的自勉联，其上联“__________，___________________”出自《庄子·秋水》“天下之水，莫大于海，百川归之”。
【答案】（5分）（1）清辉玉臂寒（2）落花水香茅舍晚（3）夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎（4）所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能（5）海纳百川有容乃大【解析】2．填入下面空缺处的一项是（）（2分）一位朋友热心公益，但担心被孤立，小王可以引用名言“__________，__________”来鼓励朋友大胆行善。
A．谦受益，满招损 B．山中人自正，路险心亦平C．善不积，不足以成名 D．德不孤，必有邻【答案】（2分）D【解析】试题分析：注意句子中的表述：“被孤立”和“大胆行善”。
【考点定位】语言表达简明、连贯、得体、准确、鲜明、生动。
能力层级为表达运用E。
【名师点睛】语句衔接的题目是课标卷必考的题目，有时是排序，有时是填写衔接句，有时选用关联词语，排序的题目主要从陈述对象的转换、关联词语的呼应、指代性词语的指代意义、和上下文的顺序照应、和空格前后的衔接等角度分析。
填写衔接句主要从陈述对象的一致，虚词的运用，句式选用、情感基调、前后的逻辑顺序和音韵的和谐的角度选取。
选用关联词语注意分析前后语句之间的关系，此题属于填写衔接句的题目，注意语境。
3．填入下面文段横线处的句子，最恰当的一项是（）（3分）指纹之所以存在，是为了给人的手掌和脚掌提供粗糙表面，让人更容易抓取物品，_______________。
2018年上海市嘉定、长宁区高三一模语文试卷(附答案及解析)
嘉定区2017 -2018学年度高三年级第一次质量调研语文试卷考生注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在等题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2，苦题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
3.考试时间150 分钟。
试卷满分150 分。
一积累应用（10分）1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1）闻道有先后，_______________,如是而已（韩愈《师说》）（2）可堪孤馆闭春寒，____________________________。
（秦观《______●郴州旅舍》）（3）《诗经●采微》中“昔我往矣，杨柳依依“以乐景衬哀情。
杜甫《登楼》中也有以乐景衬哀情的一联是“_________________，__________________。
”2.按要求选择。
（5 分）（1）老张旅居海外三十年，他想写句话来打发自己的思归之情，以下句子最合适的一项是（）（2分）A.浩荡清淮天共流，长风万里送归舟。
B.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
C.树高千丈，叶落归根。
D.云横秦岭家何在? 雪拥蓝关马不前。
（2）填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是（）。
（3 分）无论是面对大自然的灾难，还是日常生活的挫折，抑或是异性的拒绝，诗人都保有一颗赤子心，__________________，满怀欣喜地去摄取其中的养料，甚至能够在否定的现象中挖掘肯定的因素。
A.因此总是被激发出无尽的想象力B.因此总是能够激发无尽的想象力C.并且总是被激发出无尽的想象力D.并且总是能够激发无尽的想象力二阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。
（16分）剧作家与戏剧性①一出戏演完了，当你随着人流涌出剧场的时候，常常听到这样的议论声 :“不错，真有戏!”或者是:“我都要睡着了，没戏!”“有戏”或“没戏”是观众评价一出戏的常用标准。
可是，究竟什么是“戏”呢? 我们通常所说的“戏剧性”究竟涉及一些什么问题? 剧作者该如何对待“戏剧性”呢?②美国戏剧理论家贝克首经对“戏剧性”一词进行了探讨，他说。
2018年上海高三一模语文汇编--文言文阅读(一)
2018年高三一模语文汇编—文言文阅读（一）【长宁嘉定】①程昱字仲德，东郡东阿人也。
初平中，兖州刺史岱辟昱，昱不应。
又表昱为骑都尉，昱辞以疾。
岱为黄巾所杀。
太祖临兖州，辟昱。
昱将行，其乡人谓曰：“何前后之相背也！”昱笑而不应。
②太祖征，使昱与荀彧留守鄄城。
邈等叛迎吕布，郡县响应，唯鄄城、、东阿不动。
布军降者，言宫欲自将兵取东阿，又使汜嶷取，吏民皆恐。
昱乃过，说其令靳允。
时汜嶷已在县允乃见嶷伏兵刺杀之归勒兵守。
昱又遣别骑绝仓亭津，宫至，不得渡。
昱至东阿，东阿令枣祗已率厉吏民，据城坚守。
又兖州从事薛悌与昱协谋，卒完三城，以待太祖。
太祖还，执昱手曰：“微子之力，吾无所归矣。
”乃表昱为东平相，屯。
③备失，来归太祖。
昱说太祖杀备，太祖不听。
后又遣备至要击袁术，昱与郭嘉说太祖曰:“公前日不图备，昱等诚不及也。
今借之以兵，必有异心。
”太祖悔，追之不及。
会术病死，备至，遂杀车胄，举兵背太祖。
顷之，昱迁振威将军。
④袁绍在黎阳，将南渡。
时昱有七百兵守鄄城，太祖闻之，使人告昱，欲益二千兵。
昱不肯，曰:“袁绍拥十万众，自以所向无前。
今见昱兵少，必轻易不来攻。
若益昱兵，过则不可不攻，攻之必克，徒两损其势。
愿公无疑！”太祖从之。
绍闻昱兵少，果不往。
太祖谓贾诩曰:“程昱之胆，过于贲、育。
”（选自《三国志·卷十四》，有删改）15.写出下列加点词在句中的意思。
（2分）太祖临．兖州（2）举．兵背太祖16.为下列句中加点词选择释义正确的一项。
（2分）（1）言宫欲自将．兵取东阿（）A.将要B.将军C.带领D.派遣（2）卒完．三城（）A.终结B.完好C.修缮 D保全17.第②段画横线部分断句正确的一项是（）（2分）A.时汜嶷已在/县允乃见/嶷伏兵刺杀之/归勒兵守B.时汜嶷已在/县允乃见嶷伏兵/刺杀之归/勒兵守C.时汜嶷已在县/允乃见嶷/伏兵刺杀之/归勒兵守D.时汜嶷已在县/允乃见/嶷伏兵刺杀之归/勒兵守18.把第④段画线句译成现代汉语。
2018年上海高考语文试题、答案及解析
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海语文试题考生注意：1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答案必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2.答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考生号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
4.考试时间为150分钟，试卷满分为150分。
一、积累应用10分1.要求填空。
（5分）（1）子日：“君子固穷，。
”（《论语·卫灵公）（2）寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，。
（李清照《》）（3）《梦游天姥吟留别》中，“，”两句描写梦中的声音，意动林泉，使人心胆战。
2．按要求选择，（5分）（1）下列选项中，名句使用不恰当的一项是（）（2分）A.老吴七十学绘画，今天开画展，朋友发来短信：“莫道桑榆晚，为霞尚满天。
”B.沈教授为人诚挚，默默奉献数十年，深受爱戴，可谓“桃李不言，下自成蹊”。
C.王老师备课总是深入而又全面，她知道“以其昏昏，使人昭昭”是不可能的。
D.小赵的论文缺乏独到见解，他的导师给他写评语说：“言之无文，行而不远。
”（2）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）（3分）艺术家可以活在艺术史之中，，，，，艺术可以保持对于时代的必要的冷漠，从而彰显艺术的自主性品格。
①艺术的独立性不是说艺术可以断绝与时代的关系②他们也活在社会历史之中③但更为普遍而真实的是④而是说作为一种抵抗方式A．③①②④ B．③②①④ C．②①④③ D．②③①④二、阅读 70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3～7题，（16分）喜怒哀乐的经济逻辑熊秉元①十八世起的哲学家休谟说：“理智乃情感之奴。
”也就是说，人是情感、情绪的动物。
②哲学家大多认为，喜怒哀乐、爱恨情仇是驾驭人的原始力量，理智不过是居于被支配和奴役的地位，人的境况．．，还真是可悲可悯。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
嘉定（长宁）区2017 学年度高三年级第一次质量调研语文试卷考生注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在等题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2，苦题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
3.考试时间150 分钟。
试卷满分150 分。
一积累应用(10 分)1.按要求填空。
(5 分)（1）闻道有先后，,如是而已(韩愈《师说》)（2）可堪孤馆闭春寒，。
(秦观《●郴州旅舍》) （3）《诗经●采微》中“昔我往矣，杨柳依依“以乐景衬哀情。
杜甫《登楼》中也有以乐景衬哀情的一联是“，。
”2.按要求选择。
(5 分)(1)老张旅居海外三十年，他想写句话来打发自己的思归之情，以下句子最合适的一项是( )(2 分)A.浩荡清淮天共流，长风万里送归舟。
B.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
C.树高千丈，叶落归根。
D.云横秦岭家何在? 雪拥蓝关马不前。
(2)填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是( )。
(3 分)无论是面对大自然的灾难，还是日常生活的挫折，抑或是异性的拒绝，诗人都保有一颗赤子心，，满怀欣喜地去摄取其中的养料，甚至能够在否定的现象中挖掘肯定的因素。
A.因此总是被激发出无尽的想象力B.因此总是能够激发无尽的想象力C.并且总是被激发出无尽的想象力D.并且总是能够激发无尽的想象力二阅读(70 分)(一) 阅读下文，完成第3-7 题。
(16 分)剧作家与戏剧性①一出戏演完了，当你随着人流涌出剧场的时候，常常听到这样的议论声 :“不错，真有戏!”或者是:“我都要睡着了，没戏!”“有戏”或“没戏”是观众评价一出戏的常用标准。
可是，究竟什么是“戏”呢? 我们通常所说的“戏剧性”究竟涉及一些什么问题? 剧作者该如何对待“戏剧性”呢?②美国戏剧理论家贝克首经对“戏剧性”一词进行了探讨，他说。
“在日常用语中，‘戏剧性’这个词的意思有三个:(1)戏剧的材料;(2)能产生感情反应的；(3)在剧场条件下完全可以上演的……只有第一、二两个定义才合乎‘戏剧性’，而第三个则应该是“剧场性’。
同时，第一个定义太抽象，可以不用。
那么‘戏剧性的'就只专用于‘能产生感情反应’，那么各种混淆也就一扫而清了。
”可是，如果我们认真探讨这个结论，就会由此生发出一系列新的问题:剧作家究竞靠什么“产生感情反应”? 为了得到观众的“感情反应，剧作家应该注意那些问题呢？剧作家同小说家，抒情诗人都要使读者，观众“产生感情反应”，他们的工作又有什么区别呢?③英国的威廉.阿契尔在《剧作法》一书中指出:“关于戏剧性的唯一真正确切的定义是: 任何能够使聚集在剧场中的普通观众感到兴趣的虚构人物的表演。
”他认为:“任何进一步限制‘戏剧性’一词含义的企图，都只不过是表现了这样一种看法-一某些表演形式将不会使观众感到兴趣，而这种看法常常会被实践所否定。
”如果我们正视创作实践存在的复杂情况，就不能不承认阿契尔这种看法的合理性。
假如有人认为一个剧本的某种处理方式是具有戏剧性的，就匆忙做出结论: 不这样处理就不会产生戏剧性。
这种论断，十有八九要被新的创作实践所推翻，④由此可见，对“戏剧性”一词下的定义大都过于笼统:再进一步限制这个词的含义，又难免失于武断。
我们的剧作家们在这里遇到了困难。
尽管如此，人们却在广泛地使用这个概念。
在生活中发生了一件事，它充满了巧合，出人意料，就会有人说:“这真是戏剧性的！.”人们在街头观看一场争吵，有人逐渐失去了兴味，又会说:“走吧，没戏了!" 甚至人们在读小说、看电影时，如果感到枯燥无味，也会失望地说:“没戏!”至于在文学评论、电影评论中使用“戏剧性”这一概念，把它作为评价作品的标准，更是不乏其例。
⑤有人说，剧作家并不是先要从理论上搞清什么是“戏剧性”才去写戏。
这也许是对的。
鲁迅在《我怎样做起小说来》一文中说过: 他在写小说之前，曾经看了不少短篇小说，却没有读过一部‘小说作法”之类的东西。
他是反对这类东西的。
在戏剧领域中，成文或不成文的法规自古有之，但这类法规，对剧作家的创作实践未必有多少用处。
法国著名的剧作家博马舍在为“严肃戏剧”(即“正剧”)辩护时，曾经激动地质问那些“规则”的制造者们:“规则在哪个部门的艺术里曾经产生过杰作?”戏剧历史表明，真正有成就的剧作家都是敢于突破成规、勇于创新的。
⑥但是，这也绝不是说剧作家就不需要认真研究戏剧创作的特性，不需要去掌握有关戏剧创作特殊规律的基本原则。
袁枚曾经说过:“变尧舜者汤武也;然学尧舜者莫善于汤武”、“变唐诗者宋元也，然学唐诗者莫善于宋元”。
学和变是辩证的统一。
不学，就谈不到变; 不变，就难免流于食古不化。
⑦艺术的特性包含的内容往往是具体的。
小说家、电影家、戏剧家以及诗人、画家等等，都要竭力使读者、观众对自己的作品“发生兴趣”、“产生感情反应”。
他们要获得这样的效果，就需要深刻地理解不同艺术样式的特殊表现手段。
所谓“小说味”、“电影味”、“诗味”、“戏剧性”，就是由不同艺术特有的表现手段形成的。
因此，要搞清“戏剧性”一词的具体含义，首先就要弄清:戏剧艺术的特殊表现手段是什么?3.对第④段画线句的作用分析不正确的项是( )(2 分) A.概括了上文对“ 戏剧性”概念诠释的倾向性。
B.反映了剧作家认识“戏剧性”所遭遇的困难。
C.表明现有对“戏剧性”的诠释都不足以参考。
D.能引发读者对“戏剧性”概念的进一步思考。
4 第⑥段提出“这也绝不是说剧作家就不需要认真研究戏剧创作的特性”的观点，并引用袁枚的话加以证明。
请具体分析这里的引用是如何证明观点的。
(4 分)5.第⑥段画线的词语“食古不化”在文中指的是(2 分)6.下列对“戏剧性”这一概念的理解与文意相符的一项是( ) (3 分)A.能产生感情反应的艺术形式都是戏剧性的。
B.戏剧性的处理方式总是唯一而不能替换的。
C.懂得戏剧性是剧作家创作实践的理论前提。
D.戏剧性由戏剧艺术特有的表现手段所形成。
7.概括本文的论证思路。
(5 分)(二) 阅读下文，完成第8-11 题。
(15 分)你就这样把草原交给了我①“我马背上长大的孙子啊，你这草原上人人夸赞的牧马人啊，是否还记得小时候的那些事？”②我看见月光跳进了老祖母的眼睛，把往事照亮。
③我一直记得那个早上，我闻到了你锅里喷香的奶茶味，睁了睁眼睛，又闭上。
你说，我的小马驹呀，你赶紧给我打个滚儿爬起来。
你把我拎出蒙古包，一直带到牛圈里。
你两腿夹着奶桶挤牛奶，让我去把半个月大的小牛犊抱过来撞撞奶，你说只要它在母牛的乳房上吸吮几口，母牛的乳汁就会像山泉一样喷出来。
④那小牛犊在草原上抻开四条腿跑，就像一条肥壮的大黄狗。
我追上它，却拦不住它，我拦住了它，却抱不住它，我抱住了它，却抱不走它……你脸上的慈祥变成了冰，起身抱起小牛犊，就像抱起一只小狗崽那么轻松。
你把小牛犊撒在草原上，让我每天去抓抱，直到我把小牛犊抱到母牛的身底下，你紧锁的眉头才舒展开。
我就这样在草原上跟着你度过了一春又一秋，一头头小牛犊长成了大奶牛，我也练成了臂力强壮的小牧童。
⑤小草在冰壳子下面冒出了嫩绿色的芽，你把羊群交给了我，一遍遍嘱咐我：“遇到事情不要慌。
那几头大肚子的母羊要生，你就远远地看着它。
如果遇上有难产的母羊，你就慢慢地帮着它。
”⑥阳光温暖。
几头待产的母羊一个冬天都没有闻到新鲜的牧草味了，吃得好入迷。
我想把羊群拢起来往回走，发现一只小个子母羊有了生产的迹象。
我帮它转过身体背着风，它把自己累得气喘吁吁，它只生出一寸小羊羔的蹄子甲。
天色渐渐暗下去，羊群仍然散漫地撒在草原上，老鹰出现了，它闻到了母羊生产的血腥味，在羊群边上盘旋着。
我的耐心变成了急躁。
当我使着劲把小羊羔从小个子母羊的身体里拽出来的时候，我听到了它异样的叫声。
它的子宫被我给拽脱落了。
⑦老祖母，当我急吼吼地求助你的时候，你不慌不忙，轻轻地托起地上沾着泥和草屑的母羊的子宫，用温水冲洗干净，一点点送回母羊的腹腔。
你把母羊放在蒙古包里照看了一夜。
第二天，那小个子母羊就像一切都没有发生那样开始吃草了。
⑧老祖母，你两天没有给我一个笑脸，第三天的时候，你一边给我系紧长长的袍子腰带，一边耐心地告诉我，好牧人是会跟草原说话的人，牲畜冷了，你也知道冷；牲畜饿了，你也知道饿；牲畜疼了，你也知道疼……你说牛儿羊儿和我一样，都是草原的孩子。
⑨记得那个冬天的雪花好大，像白蝴蝶似的慢慢地落在草丛里，遍野的牧草像金针，插在银色的雪地上。
早上一推开包门，我就看到了那只灰色的大母狼。
它离我们的蒙古包不到五十米，面向我们趴着，支着脑袋，看到人，好像并不害怕，一动不动。
我急忙翻身上马，操起套马杆。
我的心里有谱，知道一出手就可以套住狼脖子。
就在这时，⑩我的肩膀被你甩出的放羊鞭击中了，一阵火辣辣的痛。
亲爱的老祖母，你不让我去擒拿这只闯入我们家园的狼。
⑪它掏你的马群了吗？它叼你的羔子了吗？它向你发出凶狠的吼叫了吗？它阻挡你赛马的道路了吗？⑫老祖母，你的眼睛是明亮的镜子，夜里能看见云里的星星，白天能抓住马鬃上的风。
你告诉我这条狼不是来祸害人的，它肯定是遇到难处了。
它吃力的呼吸和凌乱的皮毛，暴露了它的虚弱。
⑬草原的夜晚，每一棵草摆动的声音都显得非常清晰。
我的心跟着那头狼的呼吸在跳。
它为什么不离开？趴在我们门前要干什么？你在等，我在观察。
⑭“嗥……嗥……”，那条狼终于发出了非常微弱的叫声。
突然，我听见狼微弱的叫声被放大了不知多少倍：“嗥……嗥……嗥……”，那声音凄厉又高亢，打破了寂静的夜空，幽幽地升起，又渐渐向远方传去。
我定神一看，啊？竟是你，我的老祖母，你在帮着那狼大声地叫着！⑮三对绿色的狼眼睛，像小灯笼那样，越来越近。
这是母狼的伙伴听到了它的呼救声，赶来了。
那母狼把头低向身旁的草丛，叼起一只小狼崽。
接着，每一条狼都叼起一只小狼崽，飞快地离开了。
原来，那母狼一直一动不动地卧着，冒死从早晨坚持到夜晚，是为了守护身底下刚刚出生的孩子。
幸运的是，它遇到了你，我的老祖母，草原万物的母亲，你知道如何帮助它。
⑯我亲爱的老祖母，你就这样把草原交给了我。
（选自《文汇.笔会》有删选8.第④段画线句语句递接紧凑，请对此加以分析。
(3 分）9.第⑫段将老祖母的眼睛比喻成“镜子”形象生动，而从段落整体来看，“镜子”这喻体的选择另有妙处，请加以赏析。
(5 分)1O.本文运用第一人称来指称“老祖母”，请赏析其表达效果。
(3 分)11. 文章结尾说“我亲爱的老祖母，你就这样把草原交给了我。
”，请评析“这样”一词所包含的道理。
(4 分)(三) 阅读下面的诗歌，完成第 12-14 题。
（8 分）山花(唐) 钱起山花照坞复烧溪，树树枝枝尽可迷。
野客未来枝畔立，流莺已向树边啼。
从容只是愁风起，眷恋常须向日西。
别有妖妍胜桃李，攀来折去亦成蹊。
12 这首诗共有几联对仗? 正确的一项是( )（1 分）A.一联 B 二联 C.三联 D.四联13.这首诗以花喻人，以下对所喻之人的推断最合理的一项是() （2 分)A 落魄才子 B.隐居高士 C.被贬官员 D.山村思妇14.本诗是怎样表现山花之美的? 请结合其体内容加以赏析。