SAT语法分类讲义+练习

SAT语法分类讲义+练习
SAT语法分类之第一类：主谓一致
1 Despite (A) the heavy rain, the television reporter, accompanied by her royal film crew, were willing (B) to wait (C) outside the hotel until the delegates finished their (D) meeting. No error (E). (2010-1-S7-22)
B
2 The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York. No error (E). (P161.1) B
3 The grooved and barbed spears of the box jellyfish, each (A) trailed by (B) a poison thread, is released (C) when (D) the animal is threatened. No error (E) (P410.23)
C
4 In the early 20th century, new thinking about (A) symbolism and the unconscious were (B) greatly inspired by (C) the writings (D) of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. No error (E) (P193.18) B
5 The derelict old house across from (A) the warehouses and the even more (B) decrepit one just beside (C) them have been placed (D) on the list of historic landmarks. No error (E)
(P410.24)
E
6 The professor’s insistence on high standards are (A) not, despite wha t students think, part of (B) a plan to withhold (C) high grades from them (D). No error (E) (P839.27)
A
7 Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E). (P166.3)
C
8 Studying (A) the language and culture of a foreign country is highly recommended to (B) the tourist who expect (C) to learn from (D) his or her vacation abroad. No error (P721.26) C
9 Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known. No error (E). (P167.6) C
10 In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century. No error (E). (P 776.19)
A
11. At the heart of the program, enthusiastically endorsed (A) by the city’s business association, is (B) plans for refurbishing neighborhoods and for making (C) low interest mortgages available to (D) young families. No error (E) (P956.12)
B
12 Also supported (A) by the commission was (B) the proposed health clinics and the proposed center (C) to distribute information on job-training (D) opportunities. No error (E)
(P602.27)
B
13 Available through the school's guidance office is (A) a job directory and a list of job referral centers that provide (B) information for (C) students in need of (D) employment. No error (E)(P721.29)
A
14 Langston Hughes may be best known for (A) his poetry, but (B) included among (C) his many published works are (D) a sizable collection of short stories. No error. (E) (2010-1-S7-27) D
第二类：时态
1 Quincy took Dan to Derek's home for a visit (A), never imagining (B) that five years would pass (C) before seeing (D) Derek again. No Error.(E) (2002-5-S4-29)
D
2 Jerome often referred to (A) art history textbook while he (B) was sculpting; whenever he learned a new method in art class, he seeks out (C) the work of sculptors who had used it (D) in the past. No error (E)（P409.15）
C
3 Some of the workers who resent (A) the supervisor’s authority would probably (B) feel uncomfortable if (C) they were to acquire the independence that they demand (D). No error (E)（P839.22）
E
4 Although born in the Midwest, Langston Hughes lived most of his adult life in Harlem, in New York City, where (A), like (B) other writers in the 1930’s, he had wrote (C) some of his finest (D) works. No error (E)（P894.12）
C
第三类：平行结构
1 Each time Caroline turns on her computer, she has (A) to enter a company code, then her initials, and then enters a password (B) before (C) she can begin working (D). No error (E).
(P166.2)
B
2 Of the hundreds of warm-water coral species, only a few (A) are highly prized (B) for use in jewelry because of their (C) beauty, luster, and they are hard (D). No error (E). (P533.12) D
3 Acquaintances of Alexei have commented that he is at once annoying because of his unpredictability but his imagination is still a delight. (P431.14).
A) Same.
B) although he is delightfully imaginative
C) and he is delightful in his imagination too
D) while being imaginative and. They are delighted
E) and delightful because of his imagination
E
4 Readers of the novice writer's recent book have said that it is at once frustrating because of its chaotic structure but its originality is still a delight. (P775.11)
(A) but its originality is still a delight
(B) although it is delightfully original
(C) and it is delightful in its originality
(D) while being so original as to delight them
(E) and delightful because of its originality
E
5 Just how (A) critical an improved balance of trade is to (B) a healthy economy has never been (C) more clearer (D) than it is now. No error (E).（P659.18）
D
6 Most drivers know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes gasoline, but also that it is dangerous. （P678.13）
(A) know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes
(B) know that excessive speeding on highways could be wasteful of
(C) are knowledgeable that excessive speeding on highways not only wastes
(D) have known that excessive speeding on highways wastes not only
(E) know that excessive speeding on highways not only by itself can waste
A
第四类：形容词、副词误用
1 Although canoeing through (A) the rapids was exciting, it was (B) also exhausting, and we were happy for a time to have the canoe float serene (C) down (D) a smooth stretch of the river. No error (E). (P838.12)
C
2 The research study reveals (A) startling proof of a constant (B) changing seafloor that comprises (C) the major part of (D) the underwater landscape. No error (E). (P602.29)
B
第五类：逻辑主语
1 Contrasting with (A) most other (B) fifteenth- century rulers, Portuguese Kings could count on (C) the support of the aristocracy in any (D) overseas ventures. No error (E) A
2 Indicating their desire to extend free enterprise, Canadians elected a member of the
Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, as Prime Minister in 1993.（P493.13）
(A) Canadians elected a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, as Prime Minister
(B) Canadians’ election of a member of the Progressive Conservative Party as Prime Minister was Kim Campbell
(C) Kim Campbell of the Progressive Conservative Party was elected Prime Minister of Canada
(D) the Progressive Conservative Pa rty’s Kim Campbell was elected Prime Minister of Canadians
(E) a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, was elected by Canadians as Prime Minister
A
3 Raised in a large and noisy city, it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life in a small town could be.（P955.11）
(A) it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life in a small town could be
(B) when I went away to college I then realized how delightful life in a small town could be
(C) going away to college made me realize how delightful life in a small town could be
(D) I did not realize how delightful life in a small town could be until I went away to college
(E) delightful life in a small town was unrealized by me until I went away to college
D
4 Having thought the problem through with some care, that the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairperson extremely.（P599.5）
(A) that the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairperson extremely
(B) the chairperson’s extremely frustration resulted from the committee not understanding her solution
(C) the chairperson’s frustration at the committee’s failing to understand her solution was extreme
(D) the chairperson was extremely frustrated by the committee’s failure to understand her solution
(E) the committee’s failing to understand her solution was an extreme frustration to the chairperson
D
5 While working as a nurse in the streets of Calcutta, that was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor.（P892.1）
(A) that was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor
(B) Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor
(C) then the development of Mother Teresa’s profound love for the poor took place
(D) Mother Teresa’s profound love for the poor developed
(E) a profound love for the poor developed in Mother Teresa
B
6 By simply entering an Internet website or calling a toll-free number, a catalog order can be placed for almost anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop computers.（P616.12）
(A) a catalog order can be placed
(B) by placing a catalog order
(C) they will place your catalog order
(D) you can place a catalog order
(E) your catalog order can be placed
D
7 Though now one of the most famous abstract artists, critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock for his technique of splattering paint on canvases.（P532.8）
(A) critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock
(B) critics once were ridiculing Jackson Pollock
(C) Jackson Pollock once ridiculed by critics
(D) Jackson Pollock was once ridiculed by critics
(E) Jackson Pollock, having once been ridiculed by critics
D
8 During (A) my most recent (B) trip, I came across (C) a wonderful antique store wandering
(D) in the old quarter of the city. No error (E). (P533.16)
D
9 Having been a victim of malicious rumors, Helen purposely avoided gossips.（P954. 3）
(A) Having been a victim of malicious rumors
(B) Her being a victim of malicious rumors
(C) Her having been victimized by malicious rumors
(D) Because being a victim of malicious rumors
(E) Because having been a victim of malicious rumors
A
第六类：代词
1 The starling is such a (A) pest in rural areas that it has become (B) necessary to find ways
(C) of controlling the growth of their (D) population. No error (E)（P167.8）
D
2 The quality of multivitamin tablets is determined (A) by how long (B) its (C) potency can be protected (D) by the manufacturer's coating material. No error (E) (P602.28)
C
3 Despite research on the diagnosis of (A) heart disease and the use of increasingly (B) sophisticated technology in its treatment (C), the condition of coronary arteries is (D) still difficult to assess precisely. No error (E) (2008-1-Q21)
E
4 The report Alexander is discussing (A), a report prepared jointly by he (B) and the committee, does not take into account (C) the socioeconomic status of those interviewed (D). No error (E)（P602.21）
B
5 Apparently impressed with (A) our plans, the foundation awarded Carlos and I (B) a grant to establish (C) a network of community centers throughout (D) the city. No error (E) （P602.26）B
6 For we (A) students, concern about impending (B) tuition hikes was even more acute than
(C) apprehension about (D) final exams. No error (E) （P721.27）
A
7 It would be (A) much more efficient for you and I (B) to work together on both projects than (C) for each of us (D) to work separately on one. No error (E). （2008-10-S7-22）B
8 For people in (A) many ancient societies, work was only a means of (B) survival rather than (C) a way to improve your (D) standard of living. No error (E) （P838.19）
D
9 When one first begins (A) to arm wrestle, it’s (B) important to work on one’s endurance and to make your (C) biceps appear formidable (D). No error. (E)
C
10 If one adopts (A) a tiger as a pet, particularly (B) in New York City, you (C) should alert those who (D) live in the area. No Error (E)
C
11 The comet has recently changed direction toward Jupiter, which is leading scientists to wonder about the composition of the object.
(A) which is leading scientists to wonder about
(B) this development leading scientists to wonder about
(C) and with it scientists’ wonder of
(D) a development leading scientists to wonder about
(E) this leading scientists to wonder on
D
12 Candy manufacturers applauded the discovery by (A) researchers that students which (B) smell chocolate while studying and again while taking (C) a test are able to (D) recall more material than students not exposed to the odor of chocolate. No error (E)（P894.15）B
13 In a world that (A) the rate of technological and social change accelerates frighteningly
(B) , change itself (C) often seems to be the only constant (D). No error (E) （P957.21）
A
14 Along (A) the curve of islands known as the Florida Keys lies(B) a reef of living coral, the only one(C) of a kind(D) in the continental United States. No Error (E)
D
15 During the labor dispute, barrels of potatoes were emptied across the highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic.（P599.4）
(A) highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic
(B) highway and thereby blocking it to all traffic
(C) highway, by which all traffic was therefore blocked
(D) highway, and therefore this had all traffic blocked
(E) highway, thereby blocking all traffic
E
16 The lawyers representing the parking-lot operators asserted as to the defensibility of their practices as legal and ethical.（P615.6）
(A) as to the defensibility of their practices as legal and ethical
(B) as to their practices and their defensibility on legal and ethical grounds
(C) that their practices, that is the operators, are defensible in legal terms as well as ethics
(D) that in regards to defensibility their practices are legally and ethically defensible
(E) that the practices of the operators are legally and ethically defensible
E
17 Conners, a publishing and media services company, is acquiring Dispatch Education, it manufactures school uniforms.（P599.2）
(A) Dispatch Education, it manufactures
(B) Dispatch Education, which manufactures
(C) Dispatch Education, manufacturing
(D) Dispatch Education, it is manufacturing
(E) Dispatch Education, for the manufacturing of
B
18 Many communities in my state are forming neighborhood watch programs, for it will deter criminals.（P739.10）
(A) programs, for it will deter
(B) programs, in which it will deter
(C) programs that will deter
(D) programs for the deterrence of
(E) programs being able to deter
C
19 It is hard for some young people to believe that women were at one time not admitted to some colleges, but they have since become coeducational.（P802.8）
(A) colleges, but they have since become coeducational
(B) colleges, but they are now coeducational
(C) colleges, and have since become coeducational
(D) colleges that have since become coeducational
(E) colleges, since becoming coeducational
D
20 When Catherine the Great had a magnificent dinner service of Sevres porcelain made for her, she was scandalized by its great cost, which became the subject of prolonged controversy.（P987.8）
(A) which became
(B) so it was to be
(C) with a result that it was destined to become
(D) therefore becoming
(E) consequently it would become
A
第七类介词
1 At the highest level (A) of competitive chess, players are so familiar to (B) one another’s strategies that they can practically (C) read their opponents’minds; the result is drearily predictable (D) play. No error (E). （2008-5-S4-16）
B
2 Vanessa had a tendency of changing (A) her mind often, so often (B) in fact that her friends gave up expecting (C) her to show up at (D) their parties. No error (E). (2008-10-S7-28) A
3 Digital technology, as every marketer knows, is synonymous to speed, precision, and the future.
A. to
B. of
C. with
D. for
E. through
C
常考的一些搭配abide by
able to
accuse … of
apologize for
approve of
capable of
comply with conscious of
consists of
depend on= rely on differ from discriminate against equivalent to
escape from
familiar with/ familiar to grateful to
identical to
object to
jealous of opposed to participate in preoccupied with protect … from provide … with relevant to succeed in tendency to/ toward
第八类：连词：（逻辑关系错误/多连词/副词误用为连词/分句间缺连词）
1 Watermelons have been cultivated for more than 4000 years, and whereby thumping them to test for ripeness has an equally long history.
A. and whereby thumping them
B. whereby thumping them
C. because thumping them
D. thumping them as a way
E. and thumping them
E
2 Since some (A) people are convinced that (B) dowsing, a method of finding underground water with a Y-shaped stick, is effective, but others condemn the procedure as (C) mere superstition (D) . No error(E)（P602.24）
A
3 Many students work after school and on weekends, consequently they do not have much time for doing their homework.
A, weekends, consequently they do not have
B, weekends, they do not have
C, weekends, as a consequence they do not have
D, weekends, therefore they do not have
E, weekends; consequently, they do not have
E
4 Even the play’s most minor characters work toge ther with extraordinary skill, their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.
A, their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.
B, a moving theatrical experience is created by their interplay
C, and their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.
D, and a moving theatrical experience being the creation of their interplay
E, with their interplay they create a moving theatrical experience.
C
第九类：固定搭配
1 Just as Ireland has produced many famous writers and the Netherlands on abundance of famous painters, so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects. （P775.10）
(A) so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects
(B) Finland provides famous architects, and by large numbers
(C) Finland’s contribution is to provided famous architects in a large number
(D) and so then, for Finland, a large number of famous architects is provided
(E) and like them Finland has provided a large number of famous architects
A
2 No sooner had Andrea del Sarto traveled to France to work for the French king but his wife persuaded him to return to Italy.（P676.4）
(A) but his wife persuaded him to return
(B) but his wife had him persuaded into returning
(C) than he was persuaded by his wife that he will return
(D) but he was persuaded by his wife into returning
(E) than his wife persuaded him to return
E
3 Chaplin will not be remembered for espousing radical causes any more than they will remember Wayne for endorsing conservative political candidates.（P677.6）
(A) any more than they will remember Wayne
(B) as will Wayne not be remembered
(C) any more than Wayne will be remembered
(D) just as they will not remember Wayne
(E) no more than Wayne will be remembered
C
4 The main reasons students give for failing to participate in the political process is that they have demanding assignments and work at part-time jobs.（P600.6）
(A) is that they have demanding assignments and work at
(B) are demanding assignments and they work at
(C) are that they have demanding assignments and that they work at
(D) is having demanding assignments and having to work at
(E) are demanding assignments, in addition to working at
C
7 The reason for the continued popularity of country-western performers is that it draws on experience with which almost everyone can identify（P955. 10）
(A) that it draws on
(B) that their music draws on
(C) because the music draws on
(D) because of them drawing from
(E) they will draw from
B
第十类：分句错误：双主语/缺谓语
1 The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.（P863.10）
(A) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.
(B) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, its origins are hotly debated.
(C) Possibly one of Europe’s oldest languages, the origins of Basque are hotly debated.
(D) The origins of the Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, are hotly debated.
(E) Basque is hotly debated as a language wh ose origins are possibly Europe’s oldest.
D
2 The problem of water pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because the treatment and release of industrial wastes are not adequately regulated.（P954.2）
(A) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because
(B) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas and
(C) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas when
(D) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas where
(E) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas and
D
简洁原则：
1 Anita liked to watch television, of which she found the science programs especially fascinating.
(A) television, of which she found the science programs especially fascinating
(B) television; she found the science programs especially fascinating
(C) television, and it was especially the science programs that were of fascination
(D) television; the fascination of the science programs especially
(E) television, especially fascinating to her were the programs
B
2 The chestnut, like the oak, is called an immortal tree, the reason is that the truck and roots remain alive even after the tree has been felled.（P955. 6）
(A) tree, the reason is that the truck and roots remain
(B) tree, which has a truck and roots that are remaining
(C) tree, the truck of which and the roots remain
(D) tree because its truck and roots remain
(E) tree, whose trunk and roots are remaining
D
习题：
1. Roger had just walked into his office and that was when he was told that his plan had finally been approved.
A. and that was when he was told
B. and then he learned
C. when it was learned by him
D. and then they told him
E. when he learned
E
2. Burdened with three pieces of luggage and a pair of skis, Sarah’s search for a baggage cart was desperate.
A. Sarah’s search for a baggage cart was desperate
B. Sarah’s desperate search was for a baggage cart
C. a baggage cart was what Sarah desperately searched for
D. a baggage cart for which Sarah desperately searched
E. Sarah searched desperately for a baggage cart
E
例：Of all the states represented at the conference, the governor of Missouri was the only one to present plans for enforcing the new regulations. （P740.14）
(A) the governor of Missouri was the only one to present
(B) making the governor from Missouri the only one to present
(C) Missouri’s governor only presented
(D) Missouri’s governor presented the only
(E) Missouri was the only one whose governor presented
E
3. Karen, James, and Sam were hiking when, stumbling over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment.
A. when, stumbling over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment
B. and then he fell down a steep embankment after he stumbled over a rock
C. when Sam fell down a steep embankment after stumbling over a rock
D. when Sam fell down a steep embankment, since he stumbled over a rock
E. and, since he stumbled over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment
C
4. By attracting new industry when the old factory closed, the council kept the economy of the town from collapsing, this was a disaster many workers had feared.
A. this was a disaster many workers had feared
B. because many workers had feared a disaster
C. the fear many workers had would be a disaster
D. a disaster that many workers had feared
E. it was feared by many workers as a disaster
D
5. A healthy economy can be measured not only by the growth of business but it has a psychological effect on people.
A. it has a
B. as well in the
C. also by the
D. also the
E. in the way of having a
C
6. Today’s political candidates may reach wide audiences by appearing on television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still has value because it allows the electorate to meet candidates face to face.
A. television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still has value because it allows
B. television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still would have value because of allowing
C. television; however, there is still value in old-fashioned barnstorming by allowing
D. television, old-fashioned barnstorming still having value because it allows
E. television, when old-fashioned barnstorming still has value in allowing
A
7. Linguistic research often requires fieldwork where they can study and record the spoken dialects of a region.
A. where they
B. through which they
C. and the linguist
D. during which the linguist
E. which they
D
8. The primatologist has argued that sustained observation of a few animals provides better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many animals.
A. provides better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many animals
B. provides better behavioral data than many animals are observed intermittently
C. providing better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many animals
D. do provide better behavioral data than intermittent observation of many animals do
E. in contrast to intermittent observation of many animals, provides better behavioral data
A
例：Of the following, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 5 below?
Whatever it is, it seemed that the creature has a burrow under our front porch.（P722.31）
(A) (as it is now)
(B) In spite of what it is, it seems that the creature has
(C) The creature, whatever it was, seemingly having
(D) It would seem, whatever it is, that it would have
(E) Whatever the creature is, it seems to have
E
9. George Orwell’s term “doublespeak” referri ng to the intentional use of language to confuse or to mislead, as when one says “revenue enhancement” instead of “tax increase.”
A. referring to the intentional use of language
B. referring to language which is intentionally used
C. which refers to the intentionally using language
D. refers to the intentional use of language
E. is when it refers to language used intentionally
D
10. Scientists predict technological changes in the next century, they will be as dramatic as was the development of the transcontinental railroad in the last century.
A. century, they will be as dramatic as was
B. century, these will be as dramatic as
C. century; being as dramatic as was
D. century will be dramatic as is
E. century as dramatic as
E
11. With billions of tons yet to be mined, some argue that coal conservation measures are unnecessary.
A. With billions of tons
B. Because billions of tons of coal are
C. Because of coal in billions of tons
D. By considering that there are billions of tons
E. Aware of the coal in billions of tons
B
练习讲解
句子改错
1. Despite (A) its cultural importance, the Daily Gazette lost (B) 70 percent of its subscribers since 1920 and, by 1955, was losing (C) as much as(D) $200,000 a year. No error (E) (06.1,29)
B
2. Africa’s Kanem Empire, after enduring for (A) over a thousand years, is (B) believed to have fallen into decline (C) when trade centers shift (D) outside its boundaries. No error (E) (06.5, 25)
D
3. Although the precise date and place of the origin of baseball are hotly debated (A), it is beyond dispute (B) that the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn play (C) an important role in its (D) early development. No error (E)( OC4-S5-24)
C
4. Of ancient origin (A), the game of checkers was played (B) in Egypt during the time (C) of the pharaohs and is mentioned (D) in the writings of Homer and Plato. No error (E) ( OC
5-S6-28)
E
5. Jean Toomer was not only (A) the author of Cane, a novel whose publication has been viewed (B) as marking (C) the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, but also a respected advisor among Quakers (D). No error (E) ( OC6-S5-18)
E
6. Because the garden was untended (A), the windows had no (B) shutters, and the lawn overrun (C) by weeds, people passing by (D) the old house assumed that it was unoccupied. No error (E)
(06- 1-section 3-17)
C
7. Because the American Indian Rodeo includes games and exhibitions developed as early as (A) the seventeenth century, they predate (B) by (C) a few hundred years the form (D) of rodeo now seen on television. No error (E)(06-1-S3, 27)
B
8. Many jazz enthusiasts would have to admit (A) that their having (B) unjustly overlooked
(C) the music of Bennie Nawahi, who popularized (D) the Hawaiian steel guitar sound in the early 1930’s. No error (E) (08-1-13)
B
9. In addition to (A) being (B) a talented pianist and composer, Bela Bartok was a respected (C) musicologist who wrote (D) several books on Hungarian, Slovakian, and Romanian folk music. No error (E) (OC -4 –S5 -15)。