新动SAT语法讲义

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新SAT文法讲义语法知识点加巩固练习-词法考点

新SAT文法讲义第一章词法Conventions of UsageChapter 1—-Pronoun1. Number, Person& Case1.1 Number: pronoun≠ antecedentE.g. Until it can be replaced by a faster, more efficient, and more economical means of transportation, trucks will carry most of the freight within and through metropolitan areas.1.2 Person: shifts in personI/We/He/She/They--------YouOne-------------------------------YouE.g. Although (A) one likes to believe (B) that your own (C) children are beautiful, intelligent, and well behaved, what one believes is not always the case (D).1.3 Case1.3.1 句子中使用主格的情况。

1) 代词作为主语的时候She is weird.2) 代词作为表语的时候E.g. It was he who fell into the water.1.3.2 句子中使用宾格的情况。

1) 动词宾语The music carried them away.2) 介词宾语a. between you and meb. to Sherry and herc. among us womend. at use. from her and himf. with me and youE.g. 1 After engaging(A) in a spirited debate, everyone except Tom and I(B)decided(C) to watch the latest action film, even though the rest of the group had already seen(D) it.E.g. 2 Last summer, when Mary’s aunt and Uncle flew from(A) Turkey to visit their relatives and tour(B) the United States, Mary invited Sandhya and I(C) to her house to meet(D) them.补充考点：比较句中代词的格：To find the correct pronoun in a comparison that uses than or as, complete the comparison using the verb that would follow naturally.a.Jackie runs faster than she ( ).b.My brother has bigger feet than I ( ).c.Carol is as tough as he ( ).1.3 Case考点单句练习1.Judith took my sister and (I, me) to the magic show last night.2.We thought that Matilda and Jorge would be there, and sure enough, we saw (she, her ) and (he, him ) sitting in the front row.3.During the intermission, Jorge came over and asked my sister and (I, me ) to go out after the show.4.Between you and (I, me ) the magician was terrible.5.It must also have been a bad evening for (he, him ) and his assistant, Roxanne.2.Possessive Determiner:2.1 Possessive Pronoun使用规则：Possessive Pronoun+N常用代词：its/their/his/her/your/our/my+N区别：its/it’s/his/he’s/whose/who’sIt’s 表示缩写it’s=it is/it hasIts+Nhe’s=he is/ he hashis+Nwho’s=who is/who haswhose+N2.2 Ns&N’s区别e.g. Waterway’s=waterway’s+Nwaterways=名词复数,作主语，作宾语考点：易混表达（1）its & it’s & its’1）its’出现必错2）its+n的核心词为its后的名词3）it’s（it is/it has的缩写）为主谓结构E.g. 1One of the Liveliest folk music forms to develop in the twentieth century is Tejano music. Also known as Tex Mex or border music because of it’s having origins on both sides of the Texas-Mexico border, this form combines elements from Spanish, German, and English musical traditions.A) NO CHANGEB) itsC) it’sD) its’（2）who’s & whose1）whose+n的核心词为其后的名词2）who’s（who is或who has的缩写）为主谓结构E.g. 2 You have to admire the honesty of a company who’s slogan is “Just About the Best.”A) NO CHANGEB) whoseC) that’sD) that the（3）they’re & their & there1）their+n的核心词为their后的名词2）they’re（they are的缩写）为主谓结构3）there经常作为发音相似的干扰项出现E.g. 3As the dancers step the music, they are also stepping in time to a sound that embodies their unique history and suggests the influence of outside cultures on their music.A) NO CHANGEB) they’reC) it’sD) its’E.g. 4 Teachers provide in-depth language understanding, and children are rewarded for improving his or her communication skills.A) NO CHANGEB) one’sC) thereD) their3. Pronoun clarity考点1. 多指代E.g. To keep birds from eating seeds, soak them in blue food coloring. （them在此句会产生歧义，应改为seeds）考点2. 无指代E.g. Scientists have determined that the cause of white-nose syndrome is a fungus—Pseudogymnoascus destructans—that flourishes in cold, wet environments and reproduces bygenerating spores that can lodge in the floors and walls of caves as well as onwing membranes, and hairless body parts.（their 没有指代对象）考点3. this 的使用1. this指代前一句话E.g. Typically, the ice sheet begins to show evidence of thawing in late summer. This follows several weeks of higher temperatures.2. this+N使用E.g. Box is currently organizing an expedition to gather this crucial information.4. Relative Pronoun4.1 that/who/whom/which指代对象4.2 who/whom区别4.3介词＋which&when/where/why区别补充1：that/who/whom/which/whose+不完整句子补充2：THAT&WHICH的跳跃指代1. A+prep.+B+that Clausethat即可以指代A也可以指代B，但是不能指代从句或句子E.g. The labor union is negotiating a contract with the hospital that will satisfy the demands of the workers.2. WHICH的代词用法—-Which只能就近指代前面的名词或名词短语E.g.Wrong: Jim biked along an old dirt road to get to his house, which cut through the woods.Right: To get to his house, Jim biked along an old dirt road, which cut through the Woods.真题练习：1.The article goes on to suggest that the most valuable resources provided by coworking spaces are actually the people whom use them.A) NO CHANGEB) whom usesC) who usesD) who use2. Because today’s students can expect to hold multiple jobs—some of which may not even exist yet—during our lifetime, studying philosophy allows them to be flexible and adaptable.A) NO CHANGEB) one’sC) his or herD) their3. Scientists knew this but did not recognize how large a role they played in helping kelp forests to significantly decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.A) NO CHANGEB) how large a role that it playedC) how large a role sea otters playedD) that they played such a large role4. It was the brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma, wanting to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture.A) NO CHANGEB) whom wantsC) who wantedD) she wanted5. Just as travelers taking road trips today may need to take a break for food at a rest area along the highway, settlers traversing the American West by train in the mid-1800s often found themselves in need of refreshment.A) NO CHANGEB) himself or herselfC) their selvesD) oneself6. These Harvey Houses, which constituted the first restaurant chain in the United States, was unique for its high standards of service and quality.A) NO CHANGEB) were unique for theirC) was unique for theirD) were unique for its7. This may not be much of a problem with certain kinds of apples that are not naturally very fragrant, such as Granny Smith, but for apples that are prized for their fruity fragrance, such as McIntosh, this can be a problem with consumers, that will reject apples lacking the expected aroma.A) NO CHANGEB) TheyC) whichD) who8. Artists associated with this began to rediscover and promote the work of the Mexican muralists, particularly Siqueiros.A) NO CHANGEB) itC) themD) this movement补充练习：1. Music seems to be universal, which exists in some form in all human cultures.A) NO CHANGEB) where it existsC) exitsD) existing2. After the end of the First World War, Fridtjof Nansen directed several of the League of Nations'humanitarian programs, which caused his winning a Nobel Peace Prize in 1922.A) NO CHANGEB) programs, he therefore wonC) programs, this is why he wonD) programs and consequently won3. One reason fish spoils faster than meat is due to the fact that the muscle fibers of fish are specialized to function best in cold environments.A) NO CHANGEB) meat is because of the fact thatC) meat, which is becauseD) meat is that4. Wolves are now classified as an endangered species in all the lower forty-eight states except Minnesota, after which the animals began migrating from Canada in the 1960s.A) NO CHANGEB) from whichC) whenD) into which5. Unlike seve ral decades ago, today’s librarians teach students to evaluate the accuracy and objectivity of online resources in addition to helping them find particular books.A)NO CHANGEB)Unlike them ofC)Unlike those ofD)Contrary to6. Public transportation in the suburbs and outlying areas is generally not as convenient and reliable as it is in the city.A) NO CHANGEB) as they areC) as thoseD) as getting around7. John and Bob had been friends since kindergarten because he was good at soccer and ready to laugh at any joke.A) NO CHANGEB) kindergarten because they were not only good soccer playersC) kindergarten because each was good at soccerD) kindergarten, being not only good soccer players8. Mayor Julia Wilson's daughter told us that she had decided not to run for reelection, even thoughthere is still much to do to improve the downtown district.A) NO CHANGEB) the decision was that her mother would not run to be reelectedC) her mother had decided not to run for reelectionD) she decided that she will not run to be reelected9. High school graduates usually do not end up earning as much income as college graduates do, this being why so many high school students go on to pursue college degrees.A) NO CHANGEB) do, this is why so many high school studentsC) do; this fact explains why so many high school studentsD) do; this fact explaining the reason for why so many high school students10. Furthermore, the board offered no evidence to back up it’s claim that such clothing created a negative educational environment.A) NO CHANGEB) they’reC) itsD) ones11. His challenge initiated a review, of students’ rights and administrative responsibility in public education.A) NO CHANGEB) review, of students’ rights,C) review of students’ rightsD) review of students’ rights,12. About halfway through the school year, I learned that the exchange program was looking for a new home for Ligia. After a severe storm, the basement of her hosts house had flooded, leaving two bedrooms unusable.A) NO CHANGEB) her hosts’C) Ligia’s hostsD) Ligias host’s13. We plan the contents of the year’s issues, page by page.A) NO CHANGEB) years issues,C) years issuesD) issue’s for the year,14. Babies first attempts at speech generate excited responses from adults who encourage and guidethe children toward more precise and complex speech.A) NO CHANGEB) Baby’sC) BabysD) Babies’15. It’s also fast, the thousands of Washingtonians who dash from home to work and back sometimes ignore the posted speed limit.A) NO CHANGEB) It’ also fast:C) Its also fast:D) Its also fast,16. The movie Dracula, featuring it’s batlike title character who feeds on human blood, is just one of many sources of people’s erroneous ideas about bats. BA) NO CHANGEB) with itsC) based on its’D) who’s17. Some people believe bats are rodents; others think bats are a kind of bird. AA) NO CHANGEB) rodents, others,C) rodents othersD) rodents and others’18. Roberto Clemente, the Pittsburgh Pirates right fielder from 1955 to 1972, was one of baseballs most gifted athletes.A) NO CHANGEB) one, of baseball’sC) one, of baseballsD) one of baseball’s19. One panel is sewn into the piece’s top border, the other into it’s bottom border. CA) NO CHANGEB) its’C) itsD) their20. Méliès, a French magician, was fascinated by the workings of the new motion picture camera. Specializing in stage illusions, he thought the camera offered potential to expand its spectacular magic productions.A) NO CHANGEB) theirC) hisD) it’sChapter 2. Agreement5. Noun Agreement考点. SN一致1) Noun Agreement in formsE.g.1Today more and more women are becoming doctors, lawyers, engineers, chemists, or other professions.A) or other professionsB) or they work in other professionsC) or at work in other professional fieldsD) or professionals in other fields2) Noun Agreement in contentsE.g.2 Those enrolled in the leadership training courses have evolved into dynamic, confident managers from an inexperienced and uncertain newcomer just a month ago.A) from an inexperienced and uncertain newcomerB) from the inexperienced and uncertain newcomers they wereC) from being inexperienced and uncertain newcomersD) instead of the inexperienced and uncertain newcomers of补充考点：SS一致：Noun Agreement in comparisonE.g.1 Commuters in the 1990s encountered more traffic delays than the 1970s and 1980s.A) thanB) than didC) than the traffic problems ofD) than commuters did in6. Subject－verb Agreement考点1：向前一致S+长串修饰语+V长串修饰语：1.介词短语2.定语从句3.插入语4.形容词短语5.分词短语6.同位语E.g.：A city in northern ChinaA city famous for its beautiful mountainsA city visited by large numbers of celebritiesA city consisting of several prosperous economic zonesA city, home of coffee beansA city, which is famous for its beautiful mountainsE.g.1 French mountain honey made (A) from linden blossoms, which are sometimes called (B) “lime blossoms,” have (C) a distinctively (D) citrus flavor.E.g.2 The regularly scheduled (A) conference between my tutor and me is (B) set for Friday, but my low grades in chemistry requires (C) me to arrange an earlier meeting.重点讲解1: 介词短语：N1+prep+N2结构prep= in/one/by/of/for/with/at/from/to/viaprep phrase=1) A as well as B2) A no less than B3) A rather than B4) A together/along with B5)A except B6) A besides BE.g.1 The loyalty of British families to specific brands of toothpaste have (A) been cited by (B) historians as evidence (C) of the growing influence (D) of advertising during the early twentieth century.*Designates a collection, or group, of individuals: audience, committee, faculty, family, jury, chorus, or government.A list of studentsA collection of toys + V (singular)A line of treesA crowd of visitorsE.g.2 A noisy, unwieldy (A) crowd of onlookers were jostling (B) and milling around (C) at the scene of the accident, impeding (D) the progress of the medical technicians.Pay Attention to“number”A number of + V (plural)The number of + V (singular)重点讲解2: 定语从句S+who/which/that/whose/whom+...+V (V)N1＋介词＋N2+who/which/that/whose/whom+...注意指代对象为N1还是N2重点讲解3: 插入语S，插，VOS—插—VO考点2. 倒装一致：(一) Complete Inversion1. Prep. (+n.) …+V. +S.On the mountain lies a temple.注意是否有逗号：At the end of the year, Ligia went home to Colombia.E.g.2 In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century.2. P+LV.+SGone are the days when we often played in the fields together.Absent from school are Tim and David.例题：长难句阅读Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.E.g.2 Inscribed on the wall is(A)the names of those who left (B)their(C)homes in the village to travel (D)to the United State.（二）Incomplete Inversion1. Only + adverbial +helping word + S+VOnly in this city can you see such a beautiful sunset.注意：Only the teachers are allowed to use the room.(only后跟名词不倒装)E.g.1 Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known.2. Negative words + helping word + S+VNever could I find the picture.3. So+adj. /adv +helping word +S+VSo quickly did he run that no one could get him.4. N./adj. + as +S+VPoor as he was, he was honest.例题：长难句阅读Out of America's fascination with all things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.考点补充1. 并列主语Compound SubjectConsists of two or more subjects joined by a coordinating conjunctionand, both…and…Li Lei and Han Meimei are good friends.Seeing and listening are two ways of accepting new information.E.g.1Both her work on community service projects and her dedication to learning (A)has gained (B) Ms. Stevens the respect of (C) the entire (D) faculty.Pay Attention to “each”Each paper and exam contributes to your final grade.The research paper and the final exam each contribute 25 percent toward your final grade.考点补充2. 就近一致1) A or B2)Not A but B3)Either A or B B的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数4) A nor B5)Not only A but also B6) Neither A nor B7) There beE.g.1 Of (A) the two options, neither (B) the system of appointing judges to the bench nor the process of electing (C) judges are (D) entirely satisfactory.There is an apple and two bananas.There are two bananas and an apple.E.g.2 There is (A), in spite of the large bay window and (B) the new floors, many reasons, such as the poor location and the small basement, for (C) Nancy not to buy (D) the house.真题练习：1.On the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), for example, students intending to study philosophy in graduate school has scored higher than students in all but four other majors.A) NO CHANGEB) have scoredC) scoresD) scoring2. This trend, combined with the increasing accessibility of information via the Internet, has led some to claim that librarianship is in decline as a profession.A) NO CHANGEB) haveC) which haveD) which has3. As I walked through the exhibit, I overheard a visitors’ remark,“You know, that grandfather clock actually runs.A) NO CHANGEB) visitors remarking,C) visitor remarked,D) visitor remark4. Like any other health problems, these ailments can increase employee absenteeism, which, in turn, is costly for employers.A) NO CHANGEB) areC) is beingD) have been5. Yet some of the earliest known works of art, including paintings and drawings tens of thousands of years old found on cave walls in Spain and France, portrays animals.A) NO CHANGEB) portrayingC) portrayD) has portrayed6. According to such organizations as the US Environmental Protection Agency, the minute amountsof residue falling within such limits have no negative impact on human health.A) NO CHANGEB) is havingC) has hadD) has7. Not all research into regional English varieties requires such time, effort, and resources, however.A) NO CHANGEB) are requiringC) have requiredD) require8. Proponents of organic food, of course, are quick to add that their are numerous other reasons to buy organic food, such as, a desire to protect the environment from potentially damaging pesticides or a preference for the taste of organically grown foods.A) NO CHANGEB) there areC) there isD) their is补充练习：1. Sui Sin Far and Edith Eaton are both a name (A) used by an early twentieth-century writer whose(B) psychological realism continues to bring (C) her characters to life (D) for today’s readers.2.In the early twentieth century, telephone companies supported (A) the cause of (B) financial independence for women by providing (C) many with respectable jobs as a switchboard operator (D).3. Cino de Mayo, or May 5 , the date of a famous military victory , is celebrated with such an activity as dancing , parades, musical performances, and feasts.A)NO CHANGEB)with an activity such asC)with such activities asD)in such activities like4. Introducing(A) new ideas and replacing old ones(B) are(C) a highly controversial matter , especially when(D) there is already tension between an older and a younger generation.5. The Andes mountain chain, which includes some of the Western Hemisphere’s highest peaks, are much more formidable as barriers to transportation than the Rocky Mountains are.A) NO CHANGEB) are barrier, and much more formidableC) is a much more formidable barrierD) as barriers, are much more formidable6. A significant factor (A) to include in the budget when buying (B) a car are the costs of (C) fuel and maintenance and the insurance payments (D).7. Anne Tyler's novel The Accidental Tourist features (A) a character whose (B) obsession with saving time and money are (C) absurd, yet somehow plausible.8. Peter's seemingly effortless (A) flights, achieved through (B) the use of sophisticated technical equipment, continues (C) to delight those who see the play Peter Pan.9.Critics contend that (A) reforms in welfare has not managed (B) to bring the high percentage of our nation's children living in poverty the economic security that they need (C) to thrive.10. The record left by fossils, the ancient remains of plants and animals, provide (A) scientists with(B) their primary source of (C) information about prehistoric life.11. Available through the school’s guidance office is (A) a job directory and a list of job referral centers that provide (B) information for students in need of (C) employment.12. Mastery of (A) cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques are (B)mandatory for (C) firefighters and police officers as wells as rescue squad volunteers.13. The professor’s insistence on high standards and rigorous examinations are(A) not, despite what students think, part of(B) a plan to withhold high grades from them(C).14. Although the exact cause of type 2 diabetes is unknown, experts say that for some people improper diet and lack of exercise contributes to the onset of the disease.A)exercise contributesB)exercise, they contributeC)exercise contributeD)exercise, contributing15. Many farmers and agronomists believe that the recent boom in crop production—fueled by the intensive use of farmland and increased dependence on herbicides and pesticides-have come with hidden costs.A)NO CHANGEB)hasC)areD)OMIT the underlined portion16.During (A) the night, there is (B) usually two German shepherds at the warehouse to guard against(C) robbery attempts.17. Although the details of the contract has (A) not yet been announced, it is likely that (B) union negotiators accepted the proposed training program for (C) newly hired workers.18. A newly formed organization of homeowners and business people have met with (A) the transportation department to voice (B) its concerns about (C) plans for a shopping mall in the community.19. Freedom of action and expression are (A) at the foundation not only of our system of government but also of our expectations concerning (B) human relations at all (C) Level s of society.20. The newly elected (A) Prime Minister, to the dismay (B) of opponents from other parties, have argued (C) for the strict regulation of campaign financing.21. Biologists working to rescue the giant condor from extinction uses radio telemetry and satellite signals to track banded birds.A) uses radio telemetry and satellite signals to trackB) using radio telemetry and satellite signals to trackC) use radio telemetry and satellite signals to trackD) to track, by use of radio telemetry and satellite signals,22. A soft lullaby and the drumroll of thunder during a summer storm are but two of the diverse sounds that can be perceived by the human ear.A) that can be perceived by the human earB) that is perceived by the human earC) in which the human ear can perceiveD) that they can perceive with the human earthe proposed health clinics and the proposed(D) opportunities.27. The credit for making Franz Kafka internationally(A) famous as a writer belong(B) to his friend,novelist Max Brod, who edited(C) Kafka’s unpublished manuscripts and then(D) had them published, despite Kafka’s dying wishes to the contrary.28.Although the details of the contract has(A) not yet been announced, it is likely that(B) union negotiators accepted the proposed(C) training program for(D) newly hired workers.29. During the night, there is(B) usually two German shepherds at the warehouse to guard against(C) robbery attempts(D).30. Although(A) naturalists have identified six hundred different forms of the corion snail, there is(B) actually no more than(C) two true species within(D) this genus.31. Inscribed on the wall is(A) the names of those who left(B) their(C) homes in the village to travel(D) to the United States.32. A newly formed organization of homeowners and business people have met with(A) the transportation department to voice(B) its concerns about(C) plans for(D) a shopping mall in the community.33. After(A) 140 years under the sea(B), the remains of the Monitor, an ironclad warship that was sunk during the Civil War, is being(C) gradually brought to(D) the surface.34. Innovative use of computers in the classroom allows students to undertake(A) projects that encourages them(B)to be both(C) analytical and intellectually adventurous(D).35. Freedom of action and expression are(A) at the foundation not only of(B) our system of government but also of our expectations concerning(C)human relations at all(D) Level s of society.36. The United States is the world’s largest producer of(A) cranberries and cranberry products, most(B) of which is consumed(C) there and in(D) Canada.37. The uncompromising(A) tone of a recent city hall ordinance concerning(B) the blocking of emergency vehicles in traffic jams carry(C) a stem warning to(D) motorists.38. At the heart of the program, enthusiastically endorsed(A) by the city's business association, is(B) plans for refurbishing neighborhoods and for making(C) low, interest mortgages available to(D) young families.39. The candidate called for medical insurance reform, but to me he seemed less interested in the plight of uninsured citizens than in(B) whether enough is(C) registered(D) to vote.40. The newly elected(A) Prime Minister, to the dismay(B) of opponents from other parties, haveargued(C) for the strict regulation of(D) campaign financing.41. The historic Woodacre building, which house(A) several university departments, was demolished to make(B)room for(C) a parking lot, dismaying alumni who had supported(D) the university for decades.42. Only by tapping(A) their last reserves of energy was(B) the team members able to salvage(C)what was beginning(D) to look like a lost cause.43. Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has(C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known.46. Absent from(A) the speech were(B) any mention of the students and laboratory technicians upon whose(C)contributions the chemist had depended heavily(D).47. Never before had(A) a group of artists been so isolated(B) from society and from(C) official patronage as was(D)the so-called Impressionists.48. The grooved and barbed spears of the box jellyfish, each(A) trailed by(B) a poison thread, is released(C) when(D)the animal is threatened.49. Waterways close to land poses(A) challenges to navigation that differ(B)greatly from(C)those(D) posed by the openseas.Chapter3.Verb8. Tense1. Simple past(did)an action occurs in the pastTime range: recently, yesterday, ago, in+过去时间，last year；E.g. I work in a travel agency now. I worked in a shop last year.E.g.1 Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu has disproved a widely accepted theory of physics when she showed that identical nuclear particles do not always act alike.A) as disprovedB) having disprovedC) disprovedD) disprovesE.g.2 As I entered the Pantheon, a building that has existed in Rome since ancient times, my brother is turning to me to whisper that the great rotunda of the Pantheon was a haven of peace and harmony.A) is turning to me to whisperB) turned to me and whisperedC) turns and also whispers to meD) would turn and whisper to me。

SAT语法学习讲义

SAT语法学习讲义SAT语法学习讲义修辞倒装1.在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。

这些都是表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组。

例如：Never have I come across such a difficult problem. 我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。

Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少读这种杂志。

No sooner had they left than the bus arrived. 他们刚走，公共汽车就来了。

2.在以"only+状语"开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。

这里only后面必须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句，这是关键。

否则就不倒装。

例如：Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb. 只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。

(注意：only 引导的状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。

) Only then did I realize the importance of English. 只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。

Only in this way can we improve ourselves. 只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。

Only after you finish it can you leave. 只有结束它以后，你才能离开。

(主句倒装) 注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。

SAT语法讲义（完整版）

SAT语法讲义（完整版）SAT语法讲义Identifying Sentence Errors一、主谓一致1. 就前原则(1) N1 of N2 verb（SAT考试中动词的单复数与N1有关，与N2无关）如：a group of students arethe details of the problems are例：The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York.No error (E). (P161.1)(2) 名词1+介词+名词2 如：students in the classroom名词，插入语，verb名词+doing/done 如：students studying hard例：Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E). (P166.3)2.“欲擒故纵”法动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则，如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时，用“欲擒故纵”法。

3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法(1) a number of 一些；一般情况下其后动词用复数，（不受任何规律限制）；the number of …的数量；其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。

量词考点：a group/list/line of 使用“就前原则”(2) 倒装结构：就后原则。

SAT语法讲义2(Pronoun Errors)

数人称格词义
主格宾格
单数
一
我 I me
复数
三一
我 we us
二
你 you you
二
你 you you
三
他她它 they them
他她它 he she it him her it
人称代词的用法
1. 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语 Eg. I am from China. 注1：当几个人称代词同时作主语时，其顺序一般是：单数：you，he， and I；复数：we，you and they Eg. He and I are both college students We and you will play football. 注2：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中 Eg. When he arrived, John went strai词
表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词 Eg. this, that, these, those, such, etc. 指示代词的句法功能: a. 作主语 Eg. This is the way to do it. b. 作宾语 Eg. I like this better than that. c. 作介词宾语 Eg. I don't say no to that.
Identifying Sentence Errors
﹠
Improving Sentences
Error Classification
Pronoun Error
Misplaced Modifiers
Subject-Verb Agreement Faulty Parallelism Faulty Verb Tense Faulty Comparisons Idiom

SAT语法讲义3(Subject-verb Agreement)

Error Classification
Pronoun Error
Misplaced Modifiers
Subject-Verb Agreement Faulty Parallelism Faulty Verb Tense Faulty Comparisons Idiom
Sentence Fragments Adjectives/Adverbs Run-on Sentence
2. 连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语 Eg. ★ You look the same. ★ The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.
主谓一致的三原则
1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致原则
3. 就近原则
语法一致原则
单主复主单谓复谓
Eg. ★The number of errors was surprising. ★ We love our motherland.
※ 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、
“是什么” 或“怎么样”
※ 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后 ※ 谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成简单谓语和复合谓语
＊不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语 Eg. ★ I like walking. ★ I made your birthday cake last night. ★ It is used by travelers and business people all over the world. ＊复合谓语 1. 情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的重复谓语 Eg. ★ What does this word mean? ★ I won’t do词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式 Eg. ★ Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there.（want） ★ Either my wife or I am going to work there. (be)

sat语法知识点

sat语法知识点SAT 语法知识点在准备 SAT 考试的过程中，语法部分是相当重要的一个环节。

掌握好SAT 语法的知识点，不仅能够帮助我们在考试中取得更好的成绩，还能提升我们实际的英语语言运用能力。

首先，让我们来谈谈句子结构。

一个完整的句子必须包含主语和谓语。

主语是句子所描述的主要对象，而谓语则是对主语动作或状态的描述。

例如，“The dog runs fast”中，“The dog”是主语，“runs”是谓语。

同时，我们要注意避免句子成分残缺或者多余的情况。

比如，“Because she was sick, so she stayed at home”这个句子就是错误的，因为“Because”和“so”不能同时使用，应该去掉其中一个。

接下来是标点符号的使用。

逗号在 SAT 语法中有着重要的作用。

在列举事物时，要用逗号将各项隔开，例如，“I like apples, bananas,and oranges”在复合句中，如果两个独立的句子之间没有连接词，就不能用逗号直接连接，比如，“I went to the store, I bought some milk”是错误的，应该加上连接词“and”。

还有主谓一致的问题。

这要求主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。

当主语是复数时，谓语动词也要用复数形式；主语是单数时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

比如，“The books are on the shelf”和“He plays football every day”时态也是 SAT 语法的一个重要考点。

常见的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等等。

要根据句子所表达的时间来选择正确的时态。

比如，“I saw him yesterday”使用的是一般过去时，而“He has lived here for five years”使用的是现在完成时。

另外，代词的使用也有讲究。

代词要与其所指代的名词在数和性上保持一致。

SAT语法ppt课件

Time Allotted
Numbers of Questions
65 minutes
52
35 minutes
44
50 minutes
1
80 minutes
58
230 minutes (with essay) 155(with essay)
精选版课件ppt
4
SAT算分规则
作文不算分阅读与语法：800
B) In fact, many librarians, whose training now includes courses on research and Internet search methods, teach classes in Internet navigation, database and software use, and digital information literacy.
1. 句子结构要正确（造句的两大原则） 2. 句子间的语义逻辑要正确 3. 句子要简洁
D) summer and this evidence follows
精选版课件ppt
21
In fact, librarians’ training now includes courses on research and Internet search methods. Many of whom teach classes in Internet navigation, database and software use, and digital information literacy.
Which choice most effectively combines the underlined sentences?

新SAT语法中形容词和副词考点知识

新SAT语法中形容词和副词考点知识备考SAT考试，对于SAT语法的考点知识，大家也要熟练的掌握，这些都是考试的重点，如果大家对这部分的内容做到熟练，那么对大家接下里的SAT 考试会有很大的帮助。

今天我们重点来讲解的是SAT语法中的形容词和副词。

形容词比较级和最高级的用法(1)二者之间的比较形容词比较级用于事物二者之间的比较，表示程度上“更高”;常用从属连词than连接。

其结构为含有形容词比较级的主句+than引导的从句(其中意义上和主句相同的部分常省去)。

Tom is taller than his deskmate.汤姆比他同桌高。

The black car is more expensive than the red one .这辆黑车比那辆红车更贵。

The weather here is even better than that of Qingdao.这里的气候甚至比青岛的还好。

After ten years of hard work, she looks much older than before.十年的辛劳之后，她看上去比以前老多了。

注意：有些情况下，形容词比较级不必用than。

Do you want a better job?你想找份更好的差使吗?They have made the house bigger and stronger.他们把房子扩大、加固了。

(2)二者以上的事物比较形容词最高级用于二者以上的事物比较，表示程度上“最高”。

最高级前一般需加定冠词the。

This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。

That seemed to be the happiest day of her life.那似乎是她一生中最快活的的一天。

Is your grandma the oldest woman in your village?你奶奶是你们村中年龄最大的女人吗?Which do you think is the most instructive of his plays?你认为他的剧本中哪部最有益?John has three sisters. Mary is the cleverest of the three. 约翰有三个妹妹，玛丽最聪明。

SAT语法讲义

SAT语法序言SAT语法之所以被划分在Writing Skills当中，是因为它实际是考查考生对英语的标准书面语（即Standard Written English）的掌握程度，并非琐碎复杂的语法知识，SAT语法规则有时和我们通常所学的语法书上的知识点有所出入，规则也不尽相同。

其考试题型和考试重点也与中国的语法题目大相径庭。

因此SAT的语法具有特殊性，它追求的是“好的语法”，是恰当的，最符合英语国家文化传统与语言习惯的用法。

SAT的语法规则，也就是像OG当中所阐述的那样，是一种“the rules of good written English”，具有准确，清晰，简洁的特点，杜绝口语化、模糊和冗余的表达。

表现在做题方面，不仅仅会考到你是否能判断这个句子正确与否，而且会考到这个句子是否有效和简洁。

这就大大提升了题目的难度。

对于广大中国考生来说，SAT语法部分的难度主要在于：一、题型新颖。

以上三种题型很难在国内外其他考试中找到对应。

而参加SAT考试的绝大部分大陆考生都是高中学生，平时根本没有接触过类似题型。

另外，中国学生易受固定思维影响，比如在做挑错题时，许多人把题干读了一遍又一遍，硬要在本来没有错误的句子中挑出错误，殊不知在真题中E选项（即NoError选项）的比例占到了大约17%（约等于六分之一）。

二、时间紧迫。

以上三种题型共49道小题，在真题中占到两个Section（不包括加试Section），其中一个Section25分钟35题，另一个Section10分钟14题。

对于绝大多数中国学生来说，语法部分的时间是非常紧迫的，尤其是25分钟的 Section，很多人做不完题目。

如果连题目都做不完，那么语法部分要答对44题以上、写作部分总分突破700分基本无望。

但是，诸位考生也不要因此而灰心丧气。

首先，SAT语法部分的难度较之阅读部分还是小了许多。

其次，通过对真题的深入研究，我们不难发现，语法部分考题的规律性极强、核心考点重复率高、正确率受到考生词汇量影响不大，而且涉及的语法知识比中国高考所涉及的语法知识浅显。

SAT基础班语法讲义

SAT基础语法讲义一语法section 简介SAT语法隶属于写作部份，由三部份组成：ISE(Identifying Sentence Errors), IS(Improving Sentences)和IP(Improving Paragraphs)。

分值散布是：ISE-18道，IS-25道，IP-6道，其中的IS和IP部份是新的题型，在国内的考试和国外常见的考试里都没有见到过，也是很多考生提高成绩的瓶颈的地址。

二SAT常考语法体系：1，主谓一致。

尤其用于倒装时，比如there be句型或地址状语至于句首，要找到真正的主语；有插入语时，要勇敢的抛弃非中心部份，找到真正的主语；主谓一致还会出此刻一些固定用法中，可是一样比较简单，比如neither nor或not only but also等等。

2，逻辑主语，当分词或形容词放在句首，必然要考虑它的主语问题。

3，时态的混用，常出的错误是：have＋过去式，过去完成时和一样过去式混用，此刻完成时和一样过去式的混用。

4，名词和代词，常常名词单复数混淆，男女混淆，主格宾格混淆；也会在their、it和they之间指代不明；关于指代，跨段之间不能指代，it不能指代整个句子，只能指代一个名词或动作，one和they不能彼此指代，one和you也不能彼此指代；this不能单独充当主语和宾语。

5，同类比较，只有同类的东西才能用于as well as和than句型。

EG：The population of China is larger than that of America.6，adj和adv的混用：adj修饰名词，adv能够修饰除名词外的大部份词。

Adj和adv二者之间用比较级，三者或三者以上用最高级。

7，句子结构上，“，”不能连接两个句子，“；”等于and，必需连接两个句子；且一个长句中，谓语动词和连接词的数量要平稳。

Tips：1，having，being放在句中是错误的，放在句首是正确的。

新SAT语法28种考点全解

3） Effective Language Use 语言使用有效性
通过修改文章来提高文章的表达力并且准确传达作者的意图。其中包括：
A. Precision 精确
根据文章内容选择更准确合适的词汇。
B. Concision 简洁
语言上表述清晰，无累赘内容。
C. Style and Tone 风格和语气
词汇选择上应该贴近文章的整体行文风格或者符合某种修辞目的。
此部分需要考生掌握英语中标点符号的正确使用方法和规则。其中包括：
A. Items in a Series 逗号和分号-并列
运用逗号，有时候也会用分号连接并列的句子。
B. Nonrestrictive and Parenthetical Elements 逗号-非限制性成分和插入语
需要考生正确区分非限制性成分和插入语，并能够正确使用逗号将其与句子主干隔开。
2） Conventions of Usage 使用规范
要求考生掌握英语的标准使用规则。其中包括：
A. Pronoun Clarity 代词明确
识别并改正指代不明确的代词。
B. Possessive Determiners 物主代词
区分物主代词，缩略形式和副词。
C. Agreement 一致性
确保主谓之间，代词和先行词，名词之间在语法上的一致性。
1） Sentence Structure 句子结构
主要考察学生能否识别并改正句子中的错误。其中包括：
A. Sentence Boundaries 句子完成
识别并改正语法上不完整的句子。
B. Subordຫໍສະໝຸດ nation and Coordination 逻辑关联词
识别并改正句子之间使用错误的逻辑关联词。

新SAT语法考察标准详解

新SAT语法考察标准详解新SAT语法部分以Writing and Language Test（写作语言测试）形式出现，共44题，时间依然为35分钟，但只包括一种题型即篇章改错题，总共涉及四篇文章，每篇文章出题数量为11道题。

为帮助大家在SAT语法提分，编辑为大家分享SAT语法规则。

SAT语法所涉及的四篇文章长度大约为400-450字左右，文章话题分别涉及职业发展类（career-relatedtopic），人文学科（humanities），历史&社会学科（history/socialstudies），科学类（science）。

想要在SAT语法提分，就要下点功夫~ SAT语法规则：一、注重段落和全文的逻辑考察在新SAT语言写作中有相当一部分的考题与文章结构和段落逻辑相关，比如段落开头结尾的关系，这也说明了新SAT对于逻辑性的要求有多高，所以要熟悉掌握各种连词、标点符号的用法，还要不同段落逻辑的构成方式，这些都是考察评分点所在。

二、转向英文能力与水平的测量以及字句的深刻理解语境中词汇这一考点将会频繁出现，包括介词的使用，语义重复，以及相似词的辨认等，此类题重新定义了学生对“词汇量”的理解，学生不仅需要积累为阅读理解文章所用的单词量，除此之外，还必须具备可供深入推理分析、可深度使用的词汇量，除了记住单词的基本意思，还需要理解该单词在不同语境中是否能呈现作者的写作目的、对事物的态度，看法或情绪。

三、标点符号考点覆盖广而深，题量比例高标点符号的考察范围扩大，深度增加，除了使用标点符号确认句子结构之外，更侧重标点在段落之中的作用，例如，举例功能，逗号的分割、断句作用，分号的并列功能等。

新SAT标点符号的考题的分量大幅增加。

四、读与写相结合美国学生课堂上不会有一门叫做“语法”的专门课，他们认为语法是为写作和口头表达服务的，所以从定位上，语法就是跟写作紧密结合的。

而阅读与写作其实也是密不可分的，解构文章即阅读，构建文章变写作，新SAT把阅读与写作的这种关系体现得淋漓尽致。

SAT标准讲义(完整版)

(where: in which or from which)
IE考点归纳
代词：平行结构
人称上的一致＋单复数一致
例：
If one does not enjoy fearless pigeons landing you for food, one
should avoid St. Mark’s Squat in Venice. No error
用单数形式
② 倒转语序的主谓一致完全倒装部分倒装
③ 就近一致的主谓关系 or, either or, not only...but also.., neither…nor…, not...but... ④ with, plus, along with, as well as等紧随主语的情况下，谓语单复数由最前面的主语决定
（考察动词进行时）
IE考点归纳
动词：虚拟语气
① 出现特征：if 引导虚拟语气
从句（if 条件句）过去现在 had done did 主句 would have done would do
将来
would do were to do
would (could, might, should) do
IE考点归纳
② 指代错误：（代词的所指内容与指代对象不符） Many of the students which were chosen for the National Student Leadership Conference opted for the U.S. Politics and Policies program; they spent several days attending Congressional events and

新SAT语法考点解析(1)-任慧茹

新SAT语法考点解析（1）-任慧茹SAT改革后，语法满分遇到了前所未有的阻力——准确用词。

对纯语法知识点，经全面系统的培训，孩子们可以达到100%的准确率，semi-reading可以利用很多解题策略和技巧，也可以达到96%~98%的准确率，但考查到准确用词时，好多孩子不得不摆出一切随缘的态度，全靠语感。

接下来我和大家分享下，如何突破瓶颈，直击我们的致命弱项——准确用词。

先看准确用词考查要点：1.考查书面语用词，如“I like rock music.”与“I am fascinated by rock music.”相比，我们会选择“be fascinated by”。

题目选项中会包含书面语和口语，不难区分。

2.考查词性，即adj, adv, doing, done和n.用法OG-T2-1In recent years, public libraries in the United States have experienced reducing in their operating funds due to cuts imposed at the federal, state, and local government levels.A) NO CHANGEB) reductionsC) deductingD) deducts答案选B，have experienced是动词，后加宾语，宾语用名词或者动名词。

Reduce这个词本身有名词形式，根据简洁性规则n＞doing，就不用doing3. 考查词汇辨析选项特点1）选择他义词：Over the years, I have gained a reputation that among family and friends as a honeybee 1enthusiast.1. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would NOT be acceptable?A. developedB. earnedC. promotedD. acquired答案选C，大家选对了么？在选项中，gain=develop=earn=acquire 均表示获得、得到，而promote表示促进、提升，故选C选项特点2）结合语境：Until then, sugarcane juice would be pressed from the cane, and the juice would be heated until the water boiled, leaving a gunky residue. This residue was then poured into smaller and smaller pots until it achieved its maximum thickness.A) NO CHANGEB) grossC) syrupyD) bituminous答案选C，本题首先要辨析词义，A)gunky黏糊的东西；B)Gross 草木茂盛的; C)Syrupy （稠度、黏度）糖浆般的; D)Bituminous 沥青的、烟煤的。

新SAT语法考试中句子逻辑关系与结构解析

以下是小编今天讲的新SAT语法中句子的逻辑关系和结构的考点和应对策略，希望同学们能好好研究，力争解决掉这两个语法考试中的大障碍。

一、逻辑关系从新SAT样题的考点范围来看，与现行SAT的语法考题所考察的知识结构和范围并没有过多改变，基本保持一致，但从样题的出题策略来看，可能会出现新题型或考察的新方向。

学生需要改变SAT语法的备考策略和复习方法：由从现有SAT的单向注重句子结构分析和句子结构的认知辨析，转向以句子结构为逻辑单位呈现句子结构在段落中的逻辑结构、过渡关系，上下文的一致性和紧凑的分析推理逻辑的学习;减弱对技巧性的依赖，回归语法学习的本质和实用性，准确性，简洁性和有效性。

对于语法部分来讲，由于将会在一个段落里面考察语法结构，因此对于词汇学生必须深度把握，而不是泛泛地增加单词量，以清楚判断一个单词在句子结构中的语法功能和逻辑语义是否合理。

以上就是关于新SAT语法备考注重句子间逻辑关系的相关内容介绍，新SAT语法可能具有文学性和分析性，需要学生在备考的时候加强对标准英语本质的学习和吸纳，加强使用语言的灵活性。

二、句子结构考察方式SAT语法考试中经常会遇到被刻意设置的一些句子结构上的障碍，比如使用一些插入结构来分割句子成分等，用来干扰考生解题的思路，不少学生往往会在这个上面丢分。

首先我们看一下句子结构常考形式：悬垂结构，run-on句型,平行结构。

很多考生在解题过程中要么对句子的结构不能准确把握，快速把握句子结构最简单和有效的方法就是获取句子主干，而忽略一些附加成分，比如插入语、定语、同位语等，明确句子的主语和谓语，这样就可以更好的分析句子的结构了。

例如：[Q18] His fine brushwork conveys detailed street-level activity: a peanut vendor pushing his cart on the sidewalk, a pigeon pecking for crumbs around a fire [Q19] hydrant, an old man tending to a baby outside a doorway. His broader brush strokes and sponge-painted shapes create majestic city skylines, with skyscrapers towering in the background, bridges connecting neighborhoods on either side of a river, and [Q20] delicately painted creatures, such as a tiny, barely visible cat prowling in the bushes of a park. To art criticsand fans alike, these city scenes represent the innovative spirit of twentieth-century urban Modernism.Question 20.The writer wants to complete the sentence with a third example of a detail Kingman uses to create his majestic city skylines. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?A. NO CHANGE (delicately painted creatures, such as a tiny, barely visible cat prowling in the bushes of a park.)B. exquisitely lettered street and storefront signs.C. other details that help define Kingman’s urban landscapes.D. enormous ships docking at busy urban ports.解析：答案是D, 该题考察句子结构中的平行结构，我们来看下“His broader brush strokes and sponge-painted shapes create majestic city skylines, with skyscrapers towering in the background, bridges connecting neighborhoods on either side of a river, and delicately painted creatures, such as a tiny, barely visible cat prowling in the bushes of a park.”由于前两个例子为skyscrapers towering…, bridges connecting…,” 所以第三个例子选择“enormous ships docking…”。