(完整版)初中英语从句知识点总结归纳
(完整版)初中英语从句语法讲解
从句从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。
(参见以下各条)3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法:(1) 表语从句:在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。
例如:That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever.(2) 宾语从句:在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
①基本形式:(主句+)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+...②关于宾语从句连词的选择:若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等)例如:They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。
) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should saysomething for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。
) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?)/ He asked mewhere he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。
) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? )③宾语从句的时态问题:如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时;如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。
如:I think Iwill do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。
初中英语语法-英语从句总结
初中英语语法总结(从句)英语从句三大类型按一般说法,可分为三大类14种从句。
一,名词性从句1主语从句Whether it’s right or not remains to be seen。
2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not.3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not. 4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not。
二,定语从句1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well。
2非限定性定语从句She is the student, who can speak English well。
三,状语从句1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here。
2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like。
3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are astudent。
4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well. 6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.1.定语从句There are some old books in the box.The boy dressed in blue is from America。
初中英语从句知识点总结
初中英语从句知识点总结初中英语从句知识点总结初中英语从句知识点总结1从句分为定语从句,状语从句和名词从句三大类。
定语从句又分为限定性和非限定性从句两种,由关系代词或关系副词引导,修饰主句的某个成分。
状语从句分为时间、结果、让步、原因、条件及行为方式状语从句。
名词从句包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及there be句型。
1.定语从句限定性定语从句中that可代表人和事,而which只代表事;二者在从句中作主语或宾语。
that作宾语时常可省略,which则不能,而且其后的“不及物动词+介词’’中的介词不能省略。
which作宾语时,先行词与which之间的介词不能省。
例如:1.The first doll that could say“mama”was invented in 1830.2.The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part,during which he sailed round the Cape Horn.代表a11,anything,something,nothing,much等词时,用that而不用which,that作宾语可省略。
例如:1.I care anything that has something to do with it.2.You'd better do something he prefers to do to please him.3.That is the last time we met each other.4.I came across the woman you told me about yesterday.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句的主语和宾语。
where是关系副词,用于表示地点的定语从句,而when用来表示时间。
whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语。
初中从句知识点总结讲解
初中从句知识点总结讲解初中从句知识点总结讲解一、什么是从句从句是指在复合句中充当句子成分的一部分的句子。
它可以在主句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。
从句分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三种。
二、名词性从句名词性从句可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等成分,常见的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句主语从句在句中充当主语,常用连接词有that, whether, if等。
例如:- That he is a good student is well known to everyone. 意思是“他是一个好学生这是大家都知道的。
”- Whether he will come to the party is still uncertain. 意思是“他是否会来参加派对还不确定。
”2. 宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当宾语,常用连接词有that, whether, if等。
例如:- He said that he would go shopping with me tomorrow. 意思是“他说他明天会和我一起去购物。
”- I don't know whether she can pass the exam.意思是“我不知道她是否能通过考试。
”3. 表语从句表语从句在句中充当表语,常用连接词有that, whether,if等。
例如:- The fact is that he is a liar.意思是“事实是他是一个说谎者。
”- My concern is whether we can finish the project on time.意思是“我关注的是我们是否能按时完成项目。
”4. 同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语,常用连接词有that, whether, if等。
例如:- The news that he got the first prize made me happy. 意思是“他获得第一名的消息让我很高兴。
从句知识点总结
从句知识点总结一、从句的概念。
从句是复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which等引导词(Connective)引导的非主句部分。
它在整个句子中充当一个句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
二、从句的分类。
1. 名词性从句。
- 主语从句。
- 定义:在复合句中充当主语的从句。
- 引导词:that(无意义,不充当成分,只起连接作用,但不可省略,在口语或非正式文体中that可省略的情况除外)、whether(是否)、if(是否,只能用于宾语从句,且不与or not连用)、连接代词(what、who、whom、which、whose等,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语)、连接副词(when、where、why、how等,在从句中充当状语)。
- 例如:That he will come to the party is certain.(that引导主语从句,位于句首时不能省略)- 注意:为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而将主语从句后置。
例如:It is certain that he will come to the party.- 宾语从句。
- 定义:在复合句中充当宾语的从句。
- 引导词:与主语从句基本相同。
- 例如:I don't know whether/if he will come.(whether和if都可以表示“是否”,引导宾语从句)- 注意:- 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
例如:He asked me what my name was.(不能说He asked me what was my name.)- 当主句是一般现在时,宾语从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态;当主句是一般过去时,宾语从句要用相应的过去时态(客观真理除外)。
例如:He said that he was reading a book at that time.(主句是过去时,从句用过去进行时);The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.(“地球绕着太阳转”是客观真理,从句仍用一般现在时)- 表语从句。
初中从句类型(主要知识点)
初中从句类型(主要知识点)初中从句类型宾语从句】宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。
我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同,可把宾语从句分为三类。
研究宾语从句,我们应该注意三个方面:连接词、语序和时态。
一、连接词1.that引导宾语从句时,that只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,常可省略。
如:I know(that) XXX.2.whether或if引导宾语从句时,whether或if在句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否”,不可省略。
如:●I don’t know whether/ if my parents agree with me.注意:与or not直接连用时只能用whether不可用if。
如:XXX’t say whether or not he would be staying here.3.what。
who。
whose。
which等连接代词和when。
where。
how。
why等连接副词指导宾语从句时,这些词在从句中充任一定的句子身分,都有各自的词义,不能省略。
如:XXX’t XXX what the teacher said.●I don’t know when we will have a meeting.二、语序1.在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句须用陈说句语序。
如:Do you know where he lives?2.当主句的谓语动词是think。
believe。
guess。
suppose。
imagine。
expect等词时,宾语从句中的否定词常常转移到主句中,译为汉语时,仍把从句翻译成否定的意思。
否定转移句的主语一般是第一人称。
如:I don’t think (that) Tom is wrong.我认为XXX没错。
3、时态1.当主句的谓语动词是目前时态或一般未来时的时候,宾语从句的谓语动词可按照需要利用各类时态。
但如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词也必需利用响应的过去时态。
初中英语知识点归纳名词性从句的分类和引导词
初中英语知识点归纳名词性从句的分类和引导词名词性从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它在句子中起到名词的作用。
在初中英语中,名词性从句主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
本文将对这四种名词性从句的分类和引导词进行详细的归纳和总结。
一、主语从句主语从句在句中作主语,常常用来引导主语从句的引导词有:that, whether, who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。
1. 引导词“that”该引导词常用于陈述句,如:- That he is a good student is well known to everyone.(他是个好学生这一点是众所周知的。
)- That we should protect the environment is of great importance.(保护环境非常重要。
)2. 引导词“whether”该引导词常用于一般疑问句和特殊疑问句中,如:- Whether he will come to the party or not is still uncertain.(他是否会来参加派对还不确定。
)- I don't know whether he is telling the truth.(我不知道他是否说的是真话。
)3. 引导词“who, whom”这两个引导词常用于主语从句中表示人,who作为主语,whom作为宾语,如:- Who will take care of the baby is not yet decided.(谁来照顾这个婴儿还没有确定。
)- Whom he loves is none of our business.(他爱谁与我们无关。
)4. 引导词“what”该引导词常用于主语从句中表示事物,如:- What makes him happy is playing basketball.(使他快乐的是打篮球。
初中英语知识点归纳常见名词性从句的用法
初中英语知识点归纳常见名词性从句的用法【中考英语知识点归纳】常见名词性从句的用法名词性从句是英语语法中的重要部分,它充当一个名词的角色,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语等成分。
在初中英语中,我们常常会遇到名词性从句的用法。
下面是对常见名词性从句用法的归纳和总结。
1. 主语从句主语从句在句子中作主语,引导词有 what、whether、if、who、which、where、how等。
例如:- What she said is very touching.(她说的话很感人)- Whether he will come to the party is still uncertain.(他是否会来参加聚会还不确定)2. 宾语从句宾语从句在句子中作宾语,引导词有 that、if、whether、who、which、where、how等。
例如:- She asked me if I wanted to go shopping with her. (她问我是否想和她一起去购物)- He doesn't know where he lost his pen.(他不知道他丢了笔的地方)3. 表语从句表语从句在句子中作表语,引导词有 that、whether等。
例如:- The important thing is that we need to be united.(重要的是我们需要团结一致)- The fact is whether we can finish the task on time.(事实是我们是否能按时完成任务)4. 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中解释或说明一个名词,引导词有 that。
例如:- The news that he passed the exam pleased his parents.(他通过考试的消息让他的父母很高兴)- The idea that learning English is important to our future is widely accepted.(英语对我们的未来很重要的观点被广泛接受)5. 定语从句定语从句在句子中修饰一个名词,引导词有 that、who、which、where、whose等。
(完整版)初中英语从句__汇总
从句专项在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
定语从句定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词宾语从句宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。
它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。
现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下:一,引导词A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。
连词that 只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分例:I told him that he was wrong.l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think 等动词变为否定形式。
例:I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。
例:We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)B,由连词if、whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。
初中英语知识点总结宾语从句和状语从句
初中英语知识点总结宾语从句和状语从句宾语从句和状语从句都是由一个从属连词引导的从句。
宾语从句作为主句的宾语,状语从句则描述或限制主句的动作。
1.宾语从句:
宾语从句通常出现在动词、形容词、名词后作宾语。
常见的从属连词有:that,if,whether,when,where,why,how等。
例如:
- He asked whether I had seen the movie.
- I don't know what she wants.
2.状语从句:
状语从句可以修饰或限制谓语动词,描述动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、方式等。
常见的从属连词有:
if,when,where,while,because,since,although,unless等。
例如:
- She will go to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
- I will call you when I arrive at the airport.
- He couldn't sleep because the room was too hot.
需要注意的是,宾语从句和状语从句的语序、时态和语气等要与主句保持一致。
此外,当主从句的主语一致时,宾语从句可以省略,但状语从句不可省略。
初中英语三大从句总结
初中英语三大从句总结在初中的英语学习中,主要有三大从句,即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句(包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
今天为大家整理了“从句”相关的知识点,!赶快学起来吧~01宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”:I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1. 与or not连用:I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
She said that she was a student.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.02定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
初中英语语法三大从句总结
初中英语语法三大从句总结在初中英语中,主要有三大从句,即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句(包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
宾语从句一、定义:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1. 与or not连用:I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.定语从句一、定义:在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、先行词先行词指人who /that先行词指物which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法“…. 的”Whom: 先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whom/who we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指人或物,作定语,表示“…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能that 的特殊情况:1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时:物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词+ whom当关系代词前使用介词时:e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.状语从句一、定义:在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。
(完整版)初中英语从句知识点总结归纳
宾语从句一.定义:宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.二.宾语从句有三种类型:1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义,连词that常可被省略。
例如:I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy.Can’t you see (that) I’m a bird?注意:(1)当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时,宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。
如:I don’t think he will come.我认为他不会来。
(2)两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时,有时省去第一个从句的连词that,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。
如:He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否(有,能,已经……)”等一般疑问句的含义。
例如:I wonder whether (if) he lives here.3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why 等引导的宾语从句表示“谁,谁的,什么,哪(个,些),何时,何地,怎样,为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。
除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外,宾语从句用陈述句语序。
例如:To masked who could give the message to her mother.Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was.三.宾语从句的时态呼应:“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。
初中从句类型(主要知识点)
初中从句类型【宾语从句】宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。
我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同,可把宾语从句分为三类。
学习宾语从句,我们应该注意三个方面:连接词、语序和时态。
一、连接词1. that引导宾语从句时,that只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,常可省略。
如:●I know(that) he is a Canadian athlete.2. whether或if引导宾语从句时,whether或if在句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否”,不可省略。
如:●I don’t know whether/ if my parents agree with me.注意:与or not直接连用时只能用whether不可用if。
如:●He didn’t say whether or not he would be staying here.3. what, who, whose, which等连接代词和when, where, how, why等连接副词引导宾语从句时,这些词在从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不能省略。
如:●He didn’t understand what the teacher said. ●I don’t know when we will have a meeting.二、语序1. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句须用陈述句语序。
如:●Do you know where he lives2. 当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等词时,宾语从句中的否定词常常转移到主句中,译为汉语时,仍把从句翻译成否定的意思。
否定转移句的主语一般是第一人称。
如:●I don’t think (that) Tom is wrong. 我认为汤姆没错。
三、时态1. 当主句的谓语动词是现在时态或一般将来时的时候,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据需要使用各种时态。
初中从句类型(主要知识点)
初中从句类型【宾语从句】宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。
我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同,可把宾语从句分为三类.学习宾语从句,我们应该注意三个方面:连接词、语序和时态。
一、连接词1. that引导宾语从句时,that只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,常可省略.如:●I know(that)he is a Canadian athlete。
2。
whether或if引导宾语从句时,whether或if在句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否",不可省略。
如:●I don’t know whether/ if my parents agree with me.注意:与or not直接连用时只能用whether不可用if.如:●He didn’t say whether or not he would be staying here。
3. what, who, whose,which等连接代词和when, where, how,why等连接副词引导宾语从句时,这些词在从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不能省略。
如:●He didn't understand what the teacher said. ●I don’t know when we will have a meeting。
二、语序1。
在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句须用陈述句语序。
如:●Do you know where he lives?2. 当主句的谓语动词是think,believe, guess,suppose,imagine, expect等词时,宾语从句中的否定词常常转移到主句中,译为汉语时,仍把从句翻译成否定的意思。
否定转移句的主语一般是第一人称。
如:●I don’t think (that)Tom is wrong。
我认为汤姆没错。
三、时态1。
当主句的谓语动词是现在时态或一般将来时的时候,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据需要使用各种时态。
中考英语从句知识总结
中考从句知识总结初中阶段着重要研究的从句有:宾语从句、状语从句、no matter从句和定语从句。
第一讲从句的共同特点从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子,充当什么成分就叫什么从句,如:充当宾语就叫宾语从句,充当定语成分就叫定语从句。
从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点:从句是句子。
从句的共同特点:1.从句都有自己的连接词 2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前,谓语在后,如:He is a teacher主语He在谓语is之前,因此是陈述语序,而Is he a teacher?主语He在谓语is之后,因此不是陈述语序。
)第二讲:宾语从句宾语从句是中考的一个重要得分点,大家复习时一定要重视。
在研究宾语从句之前我们先来看一下什么是宾语。
宾语就是在句子中用来回答谁做了什么中什么的成分,如I lost my car中my car就回答了我丢失了什么中的“什么”,因此my car就是宾语,宾语包括动宾、介宾,动宾就是跟在及物动词后的宾语,如:I have finished my homework(my homework是跟在finish后的动宾);介宾就是跟在介词后作宾语,如:I’m interested in English(English是跟在in后的介宾语)。
宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子,如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.宾语从句的特点:1.宾语从句有自己的连接词2.宾语从句用陈述语序3.宾语从句的时态一.宾语从句的连接词:宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。
一般情况下选用连接词时,多用翻译语气法,在研究语气翻译翻译法之前,让我们先来看一下什么是语气,语气就是说话的口气,语气可分为三种:A.陈述语气即没有任何疑问的不需要回答的语气,如:I have found my lost car;B一般疑问语气:可以用Yes或No来回答的疑问语气,如:Do you need a piece of paper?Yes,thank you.;C特殊疑问语气:需要具体回答的语气,如:When were you born?October3rd.在为宾语从句选连接词时,我们首先应将宾语从句译成汉语,看是什么语气,陈述语气用that作连接词,that可以省略,如:He told me (that)his father would come back the next week.一般疑问语气用if/whether作连接词,if 与whether大多数情况下可以互换,但当宾语从句中有or not时,不可用if只可用whether,如:She asked his mother if/whether she could help her.He wanted to know whether his fatherwould come to see him the next day or not.特殊疑问语气用特殊疑问词,如:He wants to know what he can do to help his sister.特殊疑问词含义:1).wh-型what(什么)What do you want to eat?What(哪个)+可数名词单数/不可数名词What class are you in?What time is it now?when(什么时候)When do you want to meet him?Where(哪里)Where are you from?Who(谁)主格Who is calling you?Whom(谁)宾格Whom do you want to help you with your English?(口语中常用who来代替whom)whose (谁的)(+名词)Whose cup is this?There is a cup on the desk,whose is it?Why(为什么)Why do you like music so much?Which(哪一个)+可数名词单数Which apple do you want?Which (哪一些)+可数名词复数Which apples are from his garden?Which(哪一个)Which do you prefer,this apple or that?2).how-型how(怎样)How do you usually come to school?How(身体怎样)How are you? How long(多长时间)How will you stay in China?How soon(多长时间以后)与将来时(包括现在将来时与过去将来时)连用How soon will you be back?How often(多长时间一词)注意当遇到了诸如:three times a day/a week之类的也用how often How often do you have a maths lesson?Twice a day.How many times(多少次)How many times do you take this medicine a day? Three times.How much(多少)+不可数名词How much meat do you want?注意问钱不忘how much How much is your shirt?How many(多少)+可数名词复数How many people(本身就是复数)are there in your family?How old(多大)问年龄How old is that boy?7years old. How far(多远)How far is it from your home to your school?Two kilometers away.How tall(多高)一般指人高树高烟囱高,How tall is the boy?How high(多高)一般指山高建筑物高及离开地面高,How high can he jump?二.宾语从句的语序;A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后),如:I want to know if he can come tomorrowB.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词,如:She asked me who had helped him三.宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”。
(完整版)初中英语从句汇总
在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点A、定语从句专项讲解一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.1.先行词与关系词先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等,它总是出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词指用来引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词和关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
1)关系代词2)关系副词2.如何选择关系词1)判断哪一部分是先行词,先行词指人、物、时间还是原因The book which/that I left here just now is gone. 我刚才放在这里的书不见了。
(the book 是先行词,指物)I'll forever treasure the days which/that we spent on the seashore. 我将永远珍惜咱们在海滨一起度过的那些日子。
(the days, 指时间)2)确定关系词。
既要考虑先行词,又要考虑关系词在从句中充当的成分。
比较: I'll forever treasure the days which/that we spent on the seashore.我将永远珍惜咱们在海滨度过的那些日子。
(先行词是 the days,指时间,在定语从句中作 spent 的宾语,因此选择关系代词 which 或that)I'll forever treasure the days when we played on the seashore.我将永远珍惜我们在海滨玩耍的那些日子。
初中英语语法总结从句
初中英语语法总结(从句)★清华大学★英语系测试:为中学英语量身定做.官方网站:清华大学英语教授50年研究成果初中英语语法总结(从句)从句分为定语从句,状语从句和名词从句三大类。
定语从句又分为限定性和非限定性从句两种,由关系代词或关系副词引导,修饰主句的某个成分。
状语从句分为时间、结果、让步、原因、条件及行为方式状语从句。
名词从句包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及there be句型。
1.定语从句限定性定语从句中that可代表人和事,而which只代表事;二者在从句中作主语或宾语。
that作宾语时常可省略,which则不能,而且其后的“不及物动词+介词’’中的介词不能省略。
which 作宾语时,先行词与which之间的介词不能省。
例如:1.The first d oll that coul d say“mama”was invented in 1830.2.The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part,during which he sailed round the Cape Horn.代表a11,anything,something,nothing,much等词时,用that 而不用which,that作宾语可省略。
例如:1.I care anything that has something to d o with it.2.You'd better d o something he prefers to d o to please him.3.That is the last time we met each other.4.I came across the woman you told me about yesterday.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句的主语和宾语。
where是关系副词,用于表示地点的定语从句,而when用来表示时间。
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宾语从句一.定义:宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.二.宾语从句有三种类型:1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义,连词that常可被省略。
例如:I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy.Can’t you see (that) I’m a bird?注意:(1)当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时,宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。
如:I don’t think he will come.我认为他不会来。
(2)两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时,有时省去第一个从句的连词that,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。
如:He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否(有,能,已经……)”等一般疑问句的含义。
例如:I wonder whether (if) he lives here.3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why 等引导的宾语从句表示“谁,谁的,什么,哪(个,些),何时,何地,怎样,为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。
除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外,宾语从句用陈述句语序。
例如:To masked who could give the message to her mother.Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was.三.宾语从句的时态呼应:“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。
2.主句是过去时,宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式;当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时,宾语从句仍然用现在时态。
3.情态动词must一般不用于过去时,但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。
四.宾语从句的语序1 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后)如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow2当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词如:She asked me who had helped him状语从句英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。
状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等,根据状语的功能状语从句可分为:时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。
一.时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
时间状语的连接词:when(当…时候)while(当…时候)as(当…时候)after (在…以后)before(在…以前)as soon as(一…就)since(自从…到现在)till /until(直到…才)by the time(到…为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。
1. when 当…的时候(一般情况下:主将从现)I will become a teacher when I grow up2. while 当…时He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.3. as 在…的同时;一边…一边…He smiled as he stood up.4. after 在…之后He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.5. before 在…之前Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.6. as soon as 一…就…(一般情况下:主将从现)We began to work as soon as we got there.I will write to you as soon as I get home.7. since 自…以来到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。
主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. (还可以用作介词,本句从句还可以用短语:since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。
)8 till /until 直到都可以作连词,连接时间状语,也可以作介词,与其它词构成介词短语,在句中作状语。
They walked till /until it was dark.Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.9. by the time 到…为止(所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.By the time I got to school, the class had already began.用法辨析:1.when, while和as的区别When 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。
并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
例如:When she came in, I stopped eating. 她进来时,我在吃饭。
(瞬时动词)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水。
(延续性的动词)We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
While 引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。
并且while有时还可以表示对比。
例如:While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。
(对比)As 表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。
例如:We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。
(as表示“一边……一边”)As we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时,开始下雪了。
(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生,三者差异如下:as表示“一边。
一边"的意思when1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作"之前"或"之后"发生。
2、when=and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)3.常用于常见搭配中while1、用于时间较长时2、强调两个动作同时进行,并表示对比时有时这三个连词可以互换,有时不可以。
lt was raining hard when (as) I got there.我到那里时,正在下大雨。
( 动作同时发生,when可换为as, 但不能换为while,因为get是点动词.)When I had read the article, he called me.我看完这篇文章之后,她给我打了电话。
( 从句动作发生在主句之前,注意时态表达,只能用when )When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.(当)我到了电影院时,电影已经开演了。
(从句的动作发生在主句之后,只能用when,并要注意时态)He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.他正要离开,忽然电话响了。
( 此时不能放在句首。
主句动词一般表达“正在”“即将”.while, as不能代替She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.他以为我在谈她女儿,然而,实际上在谈论我女儿。
(表转折,对比,when, as 都不能代替它)While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.外星人买纪念品时,那女孩给警察打了电话。
(表示主句,从句的动作同时发生,while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词,因为它表示较长时间)Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.妈妈担心,因为小爱丽丝病了,特别是他父亲不在家的时候。
(此时as ,when, while可通用)2. 由till或until引导的时间状语从句。
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。
并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。
例如:I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
3. 由since引导的时间状语从句。
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。
一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时,表述为:现在完成时+since+一般过去时。
但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。
例如:It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。