园艺专业英语
园艺专业英语(课后翻译)教学文稿
园艺专业英语翻译（中→英）Lesson1 part A1、protected (structure) horticulture is defined as a cultivation method taking use of heat keeping ,chillingprevention or cooling and rainproof facilities to prevent the crops production from being influenced or seriously done by natural seasons and to artificially create a microclimate environment suitable for growing horticultural crops in cold or hot weather hat actually unfavorable to the cropdevelopment .it is also termed as out-of-season culture ,season-off culture or forcing culture .because of the season in which horticultural crops are planted is hand for their growing in open field.2、Windbreak、cold –frame 、hot-frame、plastic-clad tunnel and greenhouse could provide a variety ofvegetable seeding for open field or protected culture or protect seeding of cold tolerant vegetableliving through the winter ,for early planting and acquirement of early mature products.3、In respect of structure type, the largest horticultural structure area in our country consists of plastictunnels and lean to houses, especially the energy-sawing solar greenhouse, which has become thedominant greenhouse type in the country. Presently the development of large greenhouse ormulti-span house has been initiated.Lesson2 part A4、In horticultural crop cultivation under structure the key point of environment management for growersis to create optimal complex of environmental conditions for crop growth and development, aspossibly as they can, according to properties and environmental demand of crop.Lesson3 part ALesson4 part A1、most soil amendments are consisted of the increasing of organic matters ,addition of specific nutritionalelements and ph adjustment2、the soil is an important constitute of the land loamy soil must consist of soul particles with properratio ,with equilibrium of nutrients ,in which contains some organic matter ,and with considerablemoistureLesson5 part ALesson6 part A1、sink demand of horticultural crops extremely affects photosynthetic ,for example ,leaf photosynthesisnoticeably decrease when potato tubers are removed during their growth short-term response may be stomato close effect ,but this cannot explain common continuous effects ,sometime when thesource-sink ratio increases significantly ,some old leaves can renew their photosynthesisfunctions ,on the other hand ,rapidly growing sinks sometimes compete with leaves for mobilizable nitrogen and this results in abscission of leaves and lower photosynthesis capacity.2、It is not clear yet that how the sink demand affect photosynthesis of leaves .the simplest explanation isthat photosynthesis accumulated in leaves restrain photosynthesis . however trials for examining this hypothesis usually obtained the opposite results .furthermore ,in practice ,photosynthates seemly notaccumulate beside chloroplasts in mesophyll cells .thus ,more research work should be done onsource-sink relationship to improve yields of horticultural cropsLesson7 part A1、the development of horticultural crops product organs consist of maturity 、full ripeness and senescencestages .maturity includes physiological ripeness and horticultural ripeness the former means that in the last growth stage ,mature organs become full ripening and the later means the best growth stage of horticultural crops for harvest ,such as leaf vegetables ,when they are reaped ,they are notphysiological ripe ,and flower crops are harvested when thy flower.Full ripeness is the develop stage after fruit mature some fruits can get full ripeness in trees ,whilesome must ripen after separated from trees .after full ripen the flesh mealiness aroma strength proper acidity and sugar ,senescence is a stopping terminating process of living activity. In this stage,product organs quality of horticultural crops become bad and completely leaves their economicalvalue in the endLesson8 part A1、hormone produced by seed influence fruit setting ,fruit growth and the balance of hormones in plant2、Stone fruits can no t set their fruits when their embryos develop abnormally. pome fruits can set withoutseeds ,but flesh cells grow slowly3、Gibberellins was produced after pollination with seed development gibberellins promotes synthesis ofauxin , therefore ,promotes fruit setting .the fruit set and fruit growth is similar between the ovule not pollinated treated by gibberellins and those which has seed4、Gibberellins produced by apple seeds apparently restrain flower differentiation and result in alternatefruiting .alternate fruiting is not normal in pear and many stone fruits .it is because the earlyoccurrence of gibberellins synthesis peak which is not concurrent with flower differentiationinitiation.Lesson13 part A1、pruning of fruit trees is a practice involves the heading back cuts and the thinning cuts of branches forgood framework ,for regulating contradiction between growth and fruiting ,for maintaining theequilibrium between vegetative growth and propagative growth and for good sunlight exposure, to fruit early to achieve high yield and to get commodity with high quality2、the pruning methods are best determined by the characteristics of fruit species and cultivars ,the climatethe soil condition and the crop developing stages and growth status .in order to get the best result ,it is useful to combine pruning with other cultural practices like fertilization ,irrigation, etc3、Reinvigoration of trees is better performed annually, which can keep fruit from stimulating excessivesprouts .remove dead branches, sprouts and some crossing shoots. Secondly, large branches should be thinned out gradually to open tree chamber and to improve distribution of sunlight in order tosimulate fruiting.Lesson15 part A1、temperature is an critical element in biological ,chemical and physiological processes of all plant species2、Temperature regulates the rate of chemical reactions ,leading to the adjustment of plant growth rate.3、As a important contributing factor to climate .temperature play an important role in adaptability andgrowth ,date of plant thus the horticultural crop types which can be cultured in a specific area rely on temperature4、Most plants can live and grow in the range of 0 to 50℃ .however low-temperature sensitivity limit thesuccessful cultivated regions of plantsLesson16 part A1、sprinkler irrigation is often used in maintaining and flower beds which has the specialty the uniformwater amount in its coverage .however, water waste occur when sprinkler is not limited in the area need irrigation .in addition ,evaporation result in some water loss too。
园艺专业英语第二版答案
园艺专业英语第二版答案1、I do not have my own room,_____. [单选题] *A. neither does Tom(正确答案)B. neither has TomC. so does TomD. so has Tom2、The more he tried to please her, _____she seemed to appreciate it. [单选题] *A.lessB.lesserC.the less(正确答案)D.the lesser3、A good teacher is able to_____a complicated idea in very simple terms. [单选题] *A.put across(正确答案)B.break upC.work outD.bring out4、He _______ getting up early. [单选题] *A. used toB. is used to(正确答案)C. is usedD. is used for5、I got caught in the rain and my suit____. [单选题] *A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruined(正确答案)D. had been ruined6、We all wondered（）Tom broke up with his girlfriend. [单选题] *A. thatB. whatC. whoD. why(正确答案)7、_______ your parents at home last week? [单选题] *A. IsC. AreD. Were(正确答案)8、77．–Hey! Any idea about learning abroad? --You （)google the College Board to learn the names of college you ____ be interested in [单选题] *A. may;needB. can; might (正确答案)C. will; shouldD. shall; must9、--_______ do you have to do after school?--Do my homework, of course. [单选题] *A. What(正确答案)B. WhenC. WhereD. How10、She passed me in the street, but took no（）of me. [单选题] *Attention (正确答案)B. watchC. care11、---Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?---Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. [单选题] *A. show(正确答案)B. showsC. to showD. showing12、--Could you please tell me _______ to get to the nearest supermarket?--Sorry, I am a stranger here. [单选题] *A. whatB. how(正确答案)C. whenD. why13、Nowadays schools should care for the full _______ of a student’s talents. [单选题] *A. satisfactionB. development(正确答案)C. communicationD. preparation14、—Whose book is it? Is it yours?—No, ask John. Maybe it’s ______.（）[单选题] *A. hersB. his(正确答案)C. he’sD. her15、My home is about _______ away from the school. [单选题] *A. three hundred metreB. three hundreds metresC. three hundred metres(正确答案)D. three hundreds metre16、I’d like to know the _______ of the club. [单选题] *A. schedule(正确答案)B. schoolC. menuD. subject17、The old woman doesn’t feel _______ though she lives _______. [单选题] *A. alone; lonelyB. alone; aloneC. lonely; lonelyD. lonely; alone(正确答案)18、58．—How much is Lucy's skirt?—She________320 yuan for it. I think it's a little dear. [单选题] *A．tookB．paid(正确答案)C．spentD．bought19、On Mother’s Day, Cathy made a beautiful card as a ______ for her mother. [单选题] *A. taskB. secretC. gift(正确答案)D. work20、She’s _______ with her present _______ job. [单选题] *A. boring; boringB. bored; boredC. boring; boredD. bored; boring(正确答案)21、--What are the young people doing there？--They are discussing how to _______?the pollution in the river. [单选题] *A. come up withB. talk withC. deal with(正确答案)D. get on with22、Where have you _______ these days? [单选题] *A. been(正确答案)B. beC. isD. are23、They will hold the party if they _____ the project on time. [单选题] *A. will completeB. complete(正确答案)C．completedD. had completed24、--Henry treats his secretary badly.--Yes. He seems to think that she is the _______ important person in the office. [单选题] *A. littleB. least(正确答案)C. lessD. most25、—I can’t always get good grades. What should I do?—The more ______ you are under, the worse grades you may get. So take it easy!（）[单选题] *A. wasteB. interestC. stress(正确答案)D. fairness26、—Where are you going, Tom? —To Bill's workshop. The engine of my car needs _____. [单选题] *A. repairing(正确答案)B. repairedC. repairD. to repair27、Be careful when you _______ the street. [单选题] *A. are crossingB. is crossingC. cross(正确答案)D. is cross28、Li Jing often helps me ______ my geography.（）[单选题] *A. atB. inC. ofD. with(正确答案)29、Ships can carry more goods than _____ means of transport. [单选题] *A. the otherB. anotherC. any other(正确答案)D. any30、The early Americans wanted the King to respect their rights. [单选题] *A. 统治B. 满足C. 尊重(正确答案)D. 知道。
《园艺专业英语》课程教学大纲
《园艺专业英语》课程教学大纲课程名称：园艺专业英语课程类别：专业选修课适用专业：园艺考核方式：考查总学时、学分：32学时2学分其中实验学时：学时一、课程教学目的园艺专业英语是为园艺专业学生开设的选修课程，主要讲授园艺学英语的基本知识，旨在帮助学生提高阅读英文专业资料的能力，并具备查阅英文专业资料的能力。
通过本课程学习，学生可参加英语科技讲座、会议，撰写简单英语科技论文，以培养高素质的、符合国际化标准的人才，使学生毕业后能很快适应社会的要求，能够进行国际交流与合作，参与国际竞争。
二、课程教学要求1.可阅读理解园艺专业英文文献及资料；2.掌握基本园艺学知识的英文口头、书面表达。
三、先修课程大学英语及园艺学专业课程。
四、课程教学重、难点重点：阅读并理解园艺专业英文文献资料。
难点：翻译及撰写英语科技论文。
五、课程教学方法与教学手段本课程主要以专业英文文献为基础，利用多媒体课件，听力材料等手段，扩大视野，增大信息量。
课堂讲授和讨论相结合。
通过阅读讲解教材章节、专题讨论外文文献等方式掌握该学科的发展动态。
六、课程教学内容注：专业英语选取教材的部分章节讲授，可根据学生具体情况略作调整。
Lesson 1 The History and the Development of Protected Cultivation（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Materials：The History and the Development of Protected Cultivation(2) Early Development and Status of Plasticulture2．重、难点提示(1) Protected cropping(2) Structure of GreenhousesLesson 2 Soil Properties of Horticultural Crop Cultivation（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Orchard Soil Management and Deciduous Fruit Tree Nutrition(2) Plant-growing Media2．重、难点提示(1) Soil Properties；(2) Plant-growing Media；Lesson 3 Soilless Cultivation（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Material：Soilless Culture(2) Soilless Culture Technique2．重、难点提示(1) Re-circulated hydroponics system(2) Nutrient-film technique (NFT) 营养液膜技术；Lesson 4 Drip Irrigation Technology（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Material：Drip Irrigation Technology(2) NMSU Scientist Studies Latest Drip Irrigation Technology 2．重、难点提示(1) Drip irrigation(2) Precision agricultureLesson 5 Plasticulture（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Material：Plasticulture(2) The Future of Plasticulture: Challenges and Opportunities 2．重、难点提示(1) Plasticulture(2) Controlled environment agricultureLesson 6 Biotechnology and Horticulture（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Haploids and Anther Culture(2) Gene Transfer2．重、难点提示(1) What is biotechnology?(2) Gene TransferLesson 7 Crop Production Situation（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Material：Crop Production Situation(2) CO2 Enrichment in Practice2．重、难点提示(1) Production situation 1 — potential yield as defined by CO2, radiation and temperature(2) Production situation 2a — attainable yield as limited by water(3) Production situation 2b — attainable yields as limited by nutrients(4) Production situation 3 — actual yields as reduced by effects of weeds, pests, diseases and pollutantsLesson 8 Dry Matter Production and Distribution（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Material: Dry Matter Production and Distribution(2) The Growth and Yield Responses of strawberry to Elevated CO2 and N Supply 2．重、难点提示(1) Carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis(2) The breakdown of carbohydrates to yield energy for growth and cell activities.Lesson 9 Plant Biological Control and Natural Pollination（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Material: Plant Biological Control and Natural Pollination(2) Insect Biology and Ecology: A Primer2．重、难点提示(1) Natural Pollination(2) Plant Biological ControlLesson 10 Plant Disease（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Material: Plant Disease(2) Chemical Control in Integrated Pest Management (IPM)2．重、难点提示(1) Plant Disease(2) Integrated Pest ManagementLesson 11 Quality and Harvest of Horticultural Products（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Hand Harvesting of Fruit Crops(2) Postharvest Handling of Nine Specialty Cut Flower Species2．重、难点提示(1) Quality of Horticultural Produce(2) Harvesting of Horticultural ProduceLesson 12 Greenhouse Tomatoes（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Material: Greenhouse Tomatoes(2) Botany of Tomato2．重、难点提示(1) Scheduling the Crop(2) Pest ManagementLesson 13 Pruning Fruit Trees（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Material: Pruning Fruit Trees(2) The Jujube Fruit2．重、难点提示(1) Central leader system(2) Open-center systemLesson 14 Assortment of Ornamental Crops（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Material: Assortment of Ornamental Crops(2) Static flowers and dynamic flowers2．重、难点提示(1) Cut flowers and pot plants(2) The main factors determining the quality of ornamental crops Lesson 15 Propagation of Horticultural Crops（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Material: Propagation of Horticultural Crops(2) Selection Programmes in China2．重、难点提示(1) Propagation of Horticultural Crops(2) Kiwifruit Breeding Programmes in New ZealandLesson 16 Writing A Research Report（2学时）1．教学内容(1) Reading Material: Writing A Research Report(2)The Application of Tables and Figures on Writing a Scientific Paper 2．重、难点提示(1) Layout of a research report(2) Tenses of verbs七、学时分配八、课程考核方式1.考核方式笔试；开卷。
园艺专业英语Flower arranging basics
Flower Arranging BasicsFlower arrangements include many types such as bouquets, corsages, vase arrangements and basket arrangements; they can be used as decoration for all kinds of social occasions as well as everyday occasions. Beginners should be knowledgeable in all kinds of containers, tools and materials, the classification of flowers materials, the familiar geometric forms and the principles of design.Containers, tools and other materialsContainersContainers must be capable of holding water for most floral design uses; containers that do not hold water can be used with permanent materials. Customarily containers are made of glass, glazed pottery, metal porcelain or plastic. Metal is unsuitable for directly holding flowers because floral preservatives react with most metals.Containers come in many shapes and sizes. The most commonly used types include vases, bowls, baskets, dishes, bowls and many more creative containers.Cutting toolsFloral knife: This is used for cleanly cutting flower stems. The blade should be rigid and unbending.Florist shears: These are used for cutting light wire, cord, paper and ribbon.Pruning shears: These are used to cut heavy, hard woody plant materials that are difficult to cut with knives.Materials for anchoringPin holders: These are made up of staggered, closely spaced pins anchored to a heavy base, usually lead. They are usually attached to the container with floral clay, with stems being pressed on to the pins.Foams: These are kinds of sponge like material. There are two categories: moisture holding foams and non-moisture holding foams. Moisture holding foams are used for a variety of fresh floral arrangement, while non-moisture holding foams are used for arrangement with dry flowers or artificial materials. They are manufactured in various shapes, such as cones, balls, wreaths, hearts, etc.Styrofoam: This closed-cell plastic foam material does not absorb water. It functions as an anchor for stems of dry flowers or artificial flowers, to prevent them from moving around.Chicken wire: This type of wire can be rolled into a ball and placed into a container. Stems are then inserted into the folded mesh. This is usually utilized only with larger containers.Other tools and materialsFlorist tape and waterproof tape: florist tape is used for wrapping stems when wire is neededto support them, while waterproof tape is commonly used for binding and fixing wet foam to containers.Florist wire: It varies in thickness (gauge) with number 18 being the heaviest and number 32 being the finest, with the gauges in between being 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30. Heavy wire used to support large floral stems or heavy flowers such as lilies and gladiolus; medium-weight wire used to support such flowers as roses, carnations and chrysanthemums; lightweight wire used for replacing flowers stems in corsages and wedding bouquets.Electric glue gun: The gun is electrically heated and the glue is dispensed in a liquid form that cools and hardens quickly. It is used to glue pinecones, ribbons, and accessories to wreaths and door swags, and dry flowers to baskets, etc.Ribbon: Most florist ribbon is sold in ‘bolts’ on cardboard spools. Ribbon is made of many materials such as satin, velvet, cotton, burlap, etc. Some ribbon is double-faced, but most are single-faced, and have only one desirable side.Classification of flowers using in flower arrangementThere are four basic categories of floral materials: line materials, mass materials, form materials, spray and fillers.Line materials are those in which the florets, the individual blossoms, grow along the main stem to create a line. Some examples of these flowers are: gladiolus, snapdragon, cattails, delphinium and lupine. Besides, Branching types that have a linear effect such as curly willow and eucalyptus are also under this category.Mass materials may be single stems with one solid flower head-like carnation; a single stem with a cluster of ball-shaped florets-like thistle; or a compact spray-like lilac. Other examples of mass flowers include: roses, chrysanthemums, gerbera, tulip, dahlia, daisy, camellia, geranium, peony and hydrangea.Form materials include those that have a precise and distinctive form, and are usually used at the focal point (center of interest) in an arrangement. Examples of form materials include bird-of-paradise, anthurium, orchids, iris and protea.Spray and fillers include those loose flowers that grow with a cluster of florets. They are used to fill in arrangements and give them solidity. Examples of filler materials include baby’s breath, aster, ageratum and limonium.No matter how many of the categories of flowers are used, the materials should be placed in appropriate way according to their role in the arrangement. (1) Line materials are used to establish the main lines, to form the silhouette, and to determine the size of the composition; (2) Mass materials give the arrangement body and weight. Note: Buds and smallest flowers should be placed at the outer edges, and growing larger as they approach the focal point;(3)Form materials are the ‘eye-catchers’, generally used to help create a focal point. Each form flower should be handled in such a way as to display its individual form; (4)Spray and fillers are useful in thetransition area between the silhouette and the focal point, with care taken not to spoil or overpower the design that has been created by the line, mass, and form material.Geometric formsAccording to the shapes and outlines of the arrangements, there are two categories of forms: symmetrical and asymmetrical.Symmetrical: These designs are created so that both sides of the design are equal. If a line were drawn down the center of the arrangement, both sides would have a similar look. The most commonly used shapes in flower arrangement are: even triangle, round, oblong, column, and radiating fan.These arrangements are usually quite formal; they are often utilized in all kinds of ceremonial occasions.Asymmetrical: arrangements containing different design elements on each side are considered to be asymmetrical. This type of arrangement must still have the correct weight on both sides to be visually pleasing. Uneven triangular shape, crescent, L-pattern, and S-pattern (Hogarth curve) are the commonly seen shapes.These forms are somewhat more informal than the symmetrical arrangements; they fit in well with all kinds of exhibitions and almost every informal room settings.Basic principles of floral arrangingBalance: Balance is one of the most important visual design principles. There are two kinds of balance: symmetrical balance and asymmetrical balance. Symmetrical balance can be obtained by placing similar flowers in each side of imaginary line down the center of a design. Asymmetrical balance is more dynamic than formal balance and normally keeps the learner’s attention focused on the visual message. Asymmetrical balance can be achieved by skillfully manipulating different shape, color, value, texture and position of plant materials.Scale and proportion: They are generally considered together or as synonyms in floral arrangement. Scale specifically evaluates the size of all the parts of an arrangement, including the container, the flowers, the foliages, the accessories and the base, while proportion specifically evaluates the relative size of parts of the design in relation to each other and to the arrangement as a whole. Whichever term selected, these size relationships are critical to effective arrangement. A size mismatch among the flowers, foliages, container, accessories, as well as the setting will detract from appreciation of the arrangement and composition.Since they are so many elements are involved together, most decisions are based on visual sense and there are few guidelines to help. However, some scale problems are obvious, such as trying to use large chrysanthemum flowers with miniature roses, or large calla leaves with small violet foliage.Harmony: Harmony means all component parts of the arrangement relate to and complementeach other, for example, the daisies, asters, calendulas and single chrysanthemums, furnishes many varieties similar in form. In addition, a successful arrangement must also in harmony with its surroundings.Rhythm: Rhythm refers to ‘flow’ in a floral arrangement. Repetition of a particular shape or the combination of related colors creates a flowing line or rhythm that is aesthetically appealing. Besides, rhythm can also be achieved by graduation and radiation.Graduation can be accomplished by placing the smaller buds and blooms toward the periphery of the arrangement and the largest blooms at the bottom or in the area of prominence. Parallel relationships may be seen for gradation from weaker to stronger lines and forms lighter to heavier color values and softer to coarser textures.In radiation, all lines appear to originate at a common (hidden) point behind the center of interest. Alternation, all the lines from the flower and foliage stems to converge at the visual center. As the eye falls on any of these lines, it is then led to the focus.。
园艺专业英语
园艺专业英语Document number：WTWYT-WYWY-BTGTT-YTTYU-2018GT萼片 sepal花瓣 petal雄蕊 stamen心皮 carpel转化 transform突变体 mutant花的 floral繁殖的reproductive草坪dormant 休眠turfgrass 草坪草lawn 草坪草mower 割草机mulch覆盖，覆盖物（n）；覆盖树根(vt) mulch applicator 覆膜机Lolium 黑麦草属tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) 高羊茅perennial 多年生的annual 一年生植物（n）；一年生的（adj）ryegrass (Lolium perenne) 黑麦草productive高产的productivity 生产力cultivate栽培，耕作cultivar 品种cultivation under cover保护地栽培cultural practice栽培措施，栽培技术，栽培实践culture system栽培系统forage 草料翻译Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is widely planted in many regions ofthe world and is closely related to a lot of Lolium species including perennialr yegrass (Lolium perenne) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). The Festuca-Lolium complex possesses well-adapted, highly productive grass species. Thesecultivated forage grasses provide invaluable economic and social benefits as forage and turf grasses per year.tiller n. 耕种者, 分蘖 vi. 分蘖apical dominance 顶端优势agronomic traits 农艺性状agronomist农艺学家，农学家density 密度plant stature （height）株高mow用镰刀或割草机割草Increasing tiller number and reducing the apical dominance in turfgrass are one of the most important agronomic traits for turfgrass industry because tiller number per plant determines lawn density and plant stature reduced lessens the mowing, which could make a significant contribution to future improvement of turfgrass qualitycytokinin 细胞分裂素auxin 生长素bud 芽（n）；发芽，萌芽（vi）axil 叶腋axillary 腋窝的，叶腋的，腋生的deterioration 腐烂，变坏，退化，堕落Cytokinin and auxin contribute to apical dominance through an antagonistic mechanism.Auxin from the terminal bud restrains axillary bud growth causing the shoot to lengthen.Cytokinin (from the roots) stimulates axillary bud growth.Auxin cannot suppress axillary bud growth once it has begun.fungicide 杀真菌剂photosynthesis 光合作用photosynthate 光合产物senescence 衰老mass质量，大量green up in the spring 春季返青tolerant to drought (salinity/ heat)耐旱（盐、热）resistant to drought (salinity/ heat)抗旱（盐、热）Benzyladenine（苄基腺嘌呤） (synthetic cytokinin) and triazole （三唑）fungicides stimulate the growth of turfgrasses. Various studies with cool season turfgrass have shown that auxin can improve photosynthesis, reduce senescence, increase leaf and shoot numbers, and enhance shoot and root mass.creep爬行，蔓延habit习性stolon 匍匐枝indeterminate不确定的，无限的determinate确定的，有限的Japanese lawn grass shows quite uncommon creeping habits; the development and expansion of its stolon is unusually vigorous and entirely indeterminate.wilting; wilt（使）萎蔫，（使）枯萎；枯萎（n）withering 使干枯的，进行干燥处理的（adj）adversity; adverse situation;unfavorable conditions逆境brown patch褐斑病Kentucky bluegrass草地早熟禾pathogen病原，病原体，致病菌This paper mainly introduces the host, symptoms, harmfulness and pathogen of brown patch disease of Kentucky bluegrass.sprinkler irrigation 喷灌drip irrigation滴灌furrow irrigation沟灌，畦灌osmotic渗透的，渗透性的osmotic adjustment渗透调节osmotic potential 渗透势osmotic pressure 渗透压dehydrin 脱水素dehydration 脱水abscisic acid脱落酸stomatal气孔的stomata气孔carbohydrate碳水化合物，糖类antioxidant抗氧化剂heat shock 热激It has been identified that among various mechanisms, osmotic adjustment and dehydrin proteins induced may confer drought tolerance, while abscisic acid may contribute to drought avoidance by closing the stomata in turfgrass. Alternation of carbonhydrate and antioxidant metabolism, induction of heat shock proteins, and cytokinin synthesis are involved in protecting cool-season turfgrasses from heat stress injuries.Flower differentiation, pollination and fruit setexternal 外部的, 客观的, [医]外用的, 外国的, 表面的n.外部, 外面internal内在的, 国内的hormonal 荷尔蒙的，激素的inflorescence 花序Both external and internal requirements for floral initiation vary with species. The first step is floral induction, involving hormonal and possibly other biochemical changes that cause cells within a bud to begin organizing a flower or inflorescence.deciduous 每年落叶的、脱落的perennial 多年生的annual 一年生植物，一季生植物Deciduous perennials usually initiate flowers just after shoot growth ceases and when leaves are mature. Presumably the interaction of specific physiologic and environmental factors provides the proper balance of endogenous hormones to cause initiation.endogenous 内生的，内源的graft 嫁接（v/n）girdling 环剥prune 剪除florigen 成花（激）素phloem 韧皮部defoliate 除叶，使…落叶herbaceous 草本的fig 无花果cherry 樱桃，樱桃树apricot杏，杏树Most deciduous fruits start to initiate flowers at the end of the grand growth period for shoots, when the leaves near the buds are mature. Exceptions are the nonwoody strawberry, the fig (无花果), and to some degree the peach, which continue shoot growth late in the summer.primordia 原基differentiate 分化pollen花粉；传花粉给pollinate 对…授粉pollination授粉anthesis开花，开花期deficiency 缺乏，不足deficientdeficency symptom 缺素症boron 硼reproduction繁殖(a)sexual reproduction（无）有性繁殖nut坚果stigma柱头style花柱embryo sac胚囊Sexual reproduction and seed development in fruits and nuts hinge on pollination. After reaching the stigma, the pollen grain germinates and the pollen tube grows down the style and into the embryo sac, where fertilization takes place. After this, a seed may develop along with the fruit.embryo 胚endosperm 胚乳xenia 种子直感，异粉性metaxenia 果实直感astringent 收敛性的，严酷的，涩的fruit set 坐果plum李树almond 扁桃树malus苹果属parthenocarpy 单性结实gibberellin赤霉素raspberry 悬钩子blackberry黑莓currant 黑醋栗gooseberry 醋栗kiwi 猕猴桃blueberry越橘cranberry大果酸果蔓，蔓越橘Fruit set 坐果micropyle (珠孔，卵孔)ovary 子房synergid助细胞anther 花粉囊dioecious 雌雄异株的calyx花萼Pruning Fruit Treespruning 修枝，剪枝，修剪cultural practice 栽培措施，栽培技术，栽培实践sprout 长出来，出现，发芽，萌芽；苗，芽，嫩枝，徒长枝branch分枝Pruning is an important cultural practice used to maintain the size of fruit trees. It involves the removal of plant parts, which stimulates vegetative growth, and reduces fruitfulness.heading-back cut短截thinning-out cut 疏剪training 整形，整枝shoot 新梢Framework 骨架seedling 小树scaffold branches主枝formative years形成期reinvigoration 更新Central leader 中心领导枝Graftingcut n.伤口, 切口grafting n.嫁接法bud n.芽，蓓蕾scion n.幼芽cleft n.裂缝，隙口navel orange 脐橙rootstock 砧木budding 芽接法stenting 片断接法，平接，断根嫁接root grafting根接法propagation繁殖root collar 根颈。
山东农大园艺专业英语部分单词表个人整理
山东农业大学园艺专业英语部分单词表个人整理供考试复习专用1. agronomy [ə'ɡrɒnəmɪ]n.农艺学，农学2. meet [mi:t]vt.& vi.相遇；相识；开会；接触（某物）vt.满足；支付；迎接；经历（常指不愉快的事）n.运动会，体育比赛；猎狐运动（尤其英式英语）adj.适当的；合适的；恰当的3. contrast [ˈkɔntræst]n. 对比，对照;差异;对照物，对立面;[摄]反差;vi. 对比;形成对照;vt. 使对照，使对比;和…形成对照4. grain [ɡrein]n. 谷物，粮食;（沙，金，盐等的）颗粒;谷粒，籽粒;（木材，大理石等的）纹理; vt. 把…作成细粒;把…漆[画]成木纹;染透;刮去（皮上的）毛;vi. 成谷粒5. forage ['fɒrɪdʒ]n.牛马饲料；寻找粮草vi.搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）；（尤指用手）搜寻（东西）6. fiber ['faɪbə]n.光纤；（织物的）质地；纤维，纤维物质7. intensive [inˈtensiv]adj. 加强的，强烈的;[农]精耕细作的;[语]加强语意的;（农业方法）集约的; n. 加强器;[语]强义词，强调成份8. esthetic [es'θetɪk]adj.有关美的；美学的；审美的；悦目的9. gratification [ˌgrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n.满足；满意；喜悦；使人满意之事10. cultivation [ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃn]n.教养；栽培；耕作；（关系的）培植11. timber ['tɪmbə(r)]n.木材，木料；（用于建筑或制作物品的）树木；用材林，林场；素质vt.用木料支撑；备以木材12. botany [ˈbɔtəni]n. 植物学;精纺毛纱;细羊毛;13. apply [ə'plaɪ]vt. 应用，运用;申请;涂;敷（药）;vi. 申请，请求，适用;适用，适合;专心致志;14. distribution [ˌdɪstrɪ'bju:ʃn] n. 分配，分布;[法]（无遗嘱死亡者的）财产分配;[无线]频率分布;[电]配电;15. structure [ˈstrʌktʃə(r)]n. 结构;构造;建筑物;体系;vt. 构成，排列;安排;16. classification [ˌklæsɪfɪ'keɪʃn] n. 分类;分级;类别;（动植物等的）分类学;17. impact ['ɪmpækt]n. 碰撞，冲击，撞击;影响;冲击力;vt. 挤入，压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; vi. 冲撞，冲击;产生影响;18. visual ['vɪʒʊəl]adj. 视觉的，看得见的;光学的，视力的;形象化的;光学的;n. 画面，图象;19. ornametal本地词典无数据20. olericulture [ˈɔləriˌkʌltʃə]n. 蔬菜栽培，蔬菜园艺;21. pomology [pəʊ'mɒlədʒɪ]n. 果树栽培（学）;22. floriculture ['flɔ:rɪkʌltʃə]n. 花艺，栽培花卉;23. landscape ['lændskeɪp]n. 风景;风景画;乡村风景画;地形;vt. 对…做景观美化，给…做园林美化;从事庭园设计;vi. 美化（环境等），使景色宜人;做庭园设计师;24. interiorscaping本地词典无数据25. foliage [ˈfəʊliɪdʒ]n. 植物的叶子（总称），叶子及梗和枝;树叶;26. floral ['flɔ:rəl]adj. 花的，花似的;以花装饰的;植物的，植物群的;花神的;27. potted ['pɒtɪd]adj. 盆栽的，瓶或罐装的，浓缩的;封闭式; 28. bedding [ˈbedɪŋ]n. 寝具;基底，基坑;adj. 适于花坛种植的;v. “bed“的现在分词;29. appeal [ə'pi:l]n. 上诉;[体育]诉请;呼吁;（迫切的）要求（帮助、同情等）恳求;vi. （迫切）要求;有吸引力;求助（于）;提请注意;vt. 将…移交上级法院审理;30. appealing [əˈpi:lɪŋ]adj. 吸引人的，令人心动的;恳求的; v. （迫切）要求(appeal的现在分词);将…上诉;31. nursery ['nɜ:sərɪ]n. 婴儿室，幼儿园;苗圃;临时托儿所;温床，滋生地;32. lawn [lɔ:n]n. 草地，草坪;上等细麻布;33. turf [tɜ:f]n. 草皮;泥炭;<非正>地盘，势力范围;赛马场，跑马场;vt. 用草皮覆盖;<英><口>抛出;扔掉;赶走;34. maintenance ['meɪntənəns]n. 维持，保持;保养，保管;维护;维修;35. evolve [ɪ'vɒlv]vt. 使发展;使进化;设计，制订出;发出，散发;vi. 发展;[生]通过进化进程发展或发生;36. manure [məˈnʊə, -ˈnjʊə]n. 肥料，粪便;vt. 施肥;37. legume [ˈlegju:m]n. 豆科植物，豆类蔬菜;38. weed [wi:d]n. 杂草;大麻;废物;烟草;vt. 给…除杂草;除（草）;消除;vi. 除草;39. storage [ˈstɔ:rɪdʒ]n. 贮存;贮藏;储藏处，仓库;贮存器，蓄电（瓶）;40. botanist [ˈbɒtənɪst]n. 植物学家，研究植物的人;41. herbalist [ˈɜ:bəlɪst, ˈhɜ:-]n. 种草药的人，草药商，草药医生;42. cofounder [kəʊ'faʊndə]n. 共同创办人，共同创始人;43. nomenclature [nəˈmenklətʃə(r)] n. 系统命名法;命名（过程）;（某一学科的）术语;专门名称;44. taxonomy [tæk'sɒnəmɪ]n. （生物）分类学，分类系统;45. associate [əˈsəuʃiit]vt. （使）发生联系;（使）联合;结交;联想;vi. 联盟;陪伴同事;n. 合伙人;伴侣，同志;非正式会员; adj. 联合的;合伙的;非正式的;（性质上）有密切联系的;46. deadline ['dedlaɪn]n. 最后期限;截止期限;死线;原稿截止时间;vt. 通过设定一时间期限来统治;47. personnel [ˌpɜ:səˈnel]n. 全体员工;（与复数动词连用）人员，员工;人事部门; 48. get along [ɡet əˈlɔŋ]相处;进展;前进;离去;49. dedication [ˌdedɪ'keɪʃn]n. 奉献;献身精神;教堂的)献堂礼;（书等作品上的）题词;50. adaptation [ˌædæp'teɪʃn]n. 适应，顺应;改编，改编本;适应性的改变;同化;51. annual [ˈænjuəl]adj. 每年的;一年的;[植物]一年生的; n. 年刊;一年生植物;52. petunia [pəˈtju:niə]n. 矮牵牛（花）;53. biennial [baɪˈeniəl]adj. （事件）两年一次的;n. 两年生植物;54. perennial [pəˈreniəl]adj. 终年的，长久的;多年生的;不断生长的;四季不断的;n. 多年生植物;长期存在的;55. beet [bi:t]n. 甜菜;甜菜根;糖萝卜;56. poinsettia [ˌpɔɪnˈsetiə]n. 猩猩木;一品红;57. shrub [ʃrʌb]n. 灌木;灌木丛;果汁甜酒;冰果汁水;58. vegetation [ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn]n. 植物（总称），草木;[医]赘生物，增殖体;无所作为的生活，单调的生活;[植]营养体生长，发育;59. persist [pə'sɪst]v. 坚持;固执;存留;继续存在;60. daylily ['deilili]黄花菜;61. hosta [ˈhɔstə]n. 玉簪属植物;62. vine [vaɪn]n. 藤;藤本植物;葡萄树;vi. 形成藤蔓;63. trailing ['treɪlɪŋ]n. 泥浆彩饰;adj. 拖尾的;曳尾的;被拖动的;蔓延的; v. （使某物）被拖在后面( trail的现在分词 );跟踪，追踪;（在比赛等中）输;（尤指跟在他人后面）疲惫地走;64. clematis [ˈklemətis]n. 铁线莲，女萎;[植]女萎属;65. deciduous [dɪˈsɪdʒuəs]adj. （指树木）每年落叶的;66. evergreen ['evəɡri:n]n. 常绿植物，常绿树;常绿树枝;adj. [植] 常绿的;永葆青春的;67. pitch [pɪtʃ]n. 球场;程度;沥青;树脂;倾斜;vt. 用沥青涂;扔，投;树起，搭起;定位于; vi. 抛，扔;[棒球]当投手;搭帐篷;向前跌或冲;68. parenchyma [pə'reŋkɪmə]n. 实质，软组织;主质;69. exodermis [eksəʊ'dɜ:mɪs]n. （根的）外皮层;下皮;70. endodermis [ˌendəuˈdə:mis]n. 内皮;71. pericycle ['perəsaɪkl]n. 中柱鞘; 72. fibril ['faɪbrɪl]n. 小纤维;纤丝;原纤维;根毛;73. root hair [ru:t hɛə]n. 根毛;74. solitary ['sɒlətrɪ]adj. 独自的，独立的;单个的;唯一的;隐居的;n. 独居者，隐士;单独禁闭;75. corymb [ˈkɔrimb]n. 伞状花序;76. chestnut ['tʃesnʌt]n. 栗子;栗色;栗树;栗色马;adj. 栗色的;77. oak [əʊk]n. 栎树;橡木色;栎木，橡木;橡木家具; adj. 栎树的;栎木制的;78. flourish ['flʌrɪʃ]vi. 挥舞;茂盛，繁荣;活跃，蓬勃;vt. 挥动，挥舞;n. 挥舞，挥动;花样，华丽的辞藻;夸张的行为或手势;花式吹奏;79. viability [ˌvaɪə'bɪlətɪ]n. 生存能力，发育能力;生活力;80. hardiness ['hɑ:dɪnəs]n. 耐久力，顽强;81. preferable [ˈprefrəbl]adj. 更好的，更可取的;略胜一筹的;82. grape [ɡreɪp]n. 葡萄;深紫色，葡萄紫;83. wisteria [wɪˈstɪəriə]n. 柴藤;84. edible [ˈedəbl]adj. 可以吃的，可食用的;n. 食物;85. aquatic [əˈkwætɪk]adj. 水生的;水产的;水上的;水中（进行）的;n. 水生动植物;水上运动;86. xerophyte ['zɪərəfaɪt]n. 旱生植物;87. soil condition本地词典无数据88. halophyte ['hæləfaɪt]n. 盐土植物;89. acidophyte本地词典无数据90. metalloid [ˈmetlɔɪd]n. 非金属;类似金属;adj. 非金属性的;类似金属性的;91. jojoba [həˈhəʊbə, həʊ-]n. 加州希蒙得木;92. taxa ['tæksə]n. 分类(taxon的复数);分类( taxon的名词复数 );93. division [dɪ'vɪʒn]n. 分开，分隔;[数]除法;部门;[军]师;94. class [klɑ:s]n. 班;等级;阶级;种类;vt. 把…归入某等级，把…看作（或分类、归类）;把…编入某一班级;adj. 很好的，优秀的，出色的;vi. 属于…类（或等级），被列为某类（或某级）;95. order ['ɔ:də(r)] n. 命令;秩序;规则，制度;次序;vt. 命令;订购;整理;vi. 下订单;96. family ['fæməlɪ]n. 家;家族;（大）家庭（包括父母子女及近亲）;语族;adj. 家庭的;一家所有的;属于家庭的;适合全家人的;97. genus [ˈdʒi:nəs]n. （动植物的）属;类;种;型;98. species ['spi:ʃi:z]n. 物种;种类;类型;[逻辑] 个体;99. interbreed [ˌɪntə'bri:d]v. （使）异种交配，（使）混种，（使）杂种繁殖;100. progeny ['prɒdʒənɪ]n. 子孙;后裔;结果;结局;101. organ ['ɔ:ɡən]n. 机构;器官;风琴;元件;102. ovary ['əʊvərɪ]n. [解]卵巢;[植]子房;103. snack [snæk]n. 快餐，点心;加餐;vi. 吃快餐;104. poultry [ˈpəʊltri]n. 〈集合词〉家禽;105. accompaniment [əˈkʌmpənimənt] n. 伴奏;伴随物;106. fructose [ˈfrʌktəʊs]n. 果糖;107. location [ləʊˈkeɪʃn]n. 位置，场所;定位;外景（拍摄地）;108. tropical [ˈtrɒpɪkl]adj. 热带的;炎热的;热情的;109. berries ['berɪz]n. 浆果( berry的名词复数 );（葡萄，番茄等）浆果;干果仁;干种子;110. plum [plʌm]n. 李子，李树;李属植物;葡萄干;紫红色; adj. 紫红色的;称心如意的（工作或职位）;111. drupe [dru:p]n. 核果;112. perishable [ˈperɪʃəbl]adj. 易腐烂的;易腐败的;易毁灭的;易消亡的;n. 容易腐坏的东西（尤指食品）;113. tender ['tendə(r)]adj. 纤弱的;嫩的;温柔的;疼痛的;n. （正式）提出;投标;供应船，联络船;照看者;vt. 正式提出;使变脆弱;<古>温柔地对待;114. fragile ['frædʒaɪl]adj. 易碎的，脆的;虚弱的;115. handle ['hændl]n. （织物、毛皮等的）手感;手柄;举动;柄状物;vi. 操作，操控;容易搬运;vt. 用双手触摸、举起或握住;用手操作，操纵;处理或负责，管理;〈美〉买卖，经营;116. cantaloup ['kæntəlu:p]n. 罗马甜瓜，香瓜，哈密瓜;117. crensha w ['kæntəlu:p][人名] [英格兰人姓氏] 克伦肖Crankshaw的变体;[地名] [美国] 克伦肖;118. honeydew ['hʌnɪdjʊ]n. 甘汁，蜜露;119. squash [skwɒʃ]vt. 挤进;将（某人[某物]）压扁;使沉默;平定（叛乱等）;vi. 挤入;受挤压;发出挤压声;n. （软式）墙网球;南瓜小果（主要种类为笋瓜 winter squash 和西葫芦 summer squash）;果汁汽水;拥挤的人群;120. citrus [ˈsitrəs]n. [植]柑橘属果树;柠檬，柑橘;121. grapefruit [ˈgreɪpfru:t]n. 葡萄柚，西柚;葡萄柚树;122. lime [laɪm]n. 酸橙;石灰;绿黄色;椴树;vt. 撒石灰于;涂粘鸟胶于;123. tangerine [ˈtændʒəˈri:n]n. 柑橘，橘红色;橘黄色;蜜柑;蜜橘;124. fig [fɪɡ]n. 无花果;无花果树;125. date [deɪt]n. 日期，日子;约会;时代，年代;（北非和西亚常见的海枣树的）海枣;vt. 过时;使…显老;显示出…时代（或年龄）;鉴定…的年代;vt.& vi. 与人约会，相约;vi. 属于某一特定时期;从某时起计算日期;记载日期;注有（或注明）日期;126. papaya [pəˈpaɪə]n. 番木瓜树，番木瓜果;127. pomegranate [ˈpɒmɪgrænɪt]n. 石榴;石榴树;128. passion fruit [ˈpæʃən fru:t] n. 西番莲果;129. broccoli ['brɒkəlɪ]n. 花椰菜;西兰花;130. cauliflower [ˈkɒliflaʊə(r)] n. [植]花椰菜;菜花;131. artichoke [ˈɑ:titʃəuk]n. 朝鲜蓟;洋蓟;洋百合;法国百合;132. avocado [ˌævə'kɑ:dəʊ]n. <植>鳄梨，鳄梨树;暗黄绿色;adj. 暗黄绿色的;133. cucumber [ˈkju:kʌmbə(r)]n. 黄瓜，胡瓜;134. pepper ['pepə(r)]n. 胡椒;辣椒;胡椒粉;vt. 在…上撒胡椒粉;使布满;135. lettuce [ˈletɪs]n. 莴苣，生菜;<俚>纸币;136. spinach [ˈspɪnɪtʃ]n. 菠菜;<俚>胡说八道;137. swiss chard [swɪs tʃɑ:d]叶甜菜，唐莴苣（甜菜之一）;138. pod [pɒd]n. 荚，豆荚;（飞机的）吊舱;（航天器或船只上可与船只主体分离的）分离舱; vi. 结豆荚;vt. 把（豆等）剥出荚;去荚;139. radish [ˈrædɪʃ]n. （做色拉用的）小萝卜;140. tuber ['tju:bə(r)]n. （植物的）块茎;结节; 141. rhizome [ˈraɪzəʊm]n. 根茎，根状茎;142. stolon ['stəʊlɒn]n. 匍匐枝;长匐茎;143. bulb [bʌlb]n. 球茎，块茎植物;电灯泡;[解剖学]肿块;144. onion ['ʌnjən]n. 洋葱（头）;（食物）洋葱，葱头;145. garlic ['ɡɑ:lɪk]n. 大蒜;蒜头;146. celery ['selərɪ]n. 芹菜;香芹粉;芹菜籽;147. fibrous ['faɪbrəs]adj. 含纤维的，纤维性的;148. preventative [prɪ'ventətɪv] adj. 预防性的;149. potassium [pəˈtæsiəm]n. <化>钾;150. folate ['fəʊleɪt]n. 叶酸;151. antioxidant [ˌæntɪ'ɒksɪdənt] n. 抗氧化剂，硬化防止剂;152. flavonoid [ˈfleɪvənɔɪd]n. 类黄酮;153. phytochemical [faɪtəʊ'kemɪkəl] adj. 植物化学的;154. saturated fat [ˈsætʃəreitid fæt]（来自肉类和乳类的）饱和脂肪;155. trans fat [ˈsætʃəreitid fæt]n. 反式脂肪酸;156. 不饱和脂肪本地词典无数据157. cholesterol [kəˈlestərɒl]n. 胆固醇;158. lycopene ['laɪkəpi:n]n. 番茄红素;159. cranberries [ˈkrænbəriz]n. <植>越橘( cranberry的名词复数 );160. cabbage [ˈkæbɪdʒ]n. 甘蓝（洋白菜、卷心菜）;<非正式、侮辱>植物人，常用于英式英语;<俚>钱，尤指纸币，常用于美式俚语;<俚>脑袋;161. orientation [ˌɔ:riənˈteɪʃn]n. 方向，定位，取向，排列方向;任职培训;（外交等的）方针[态度]的确定;环境判定;162. principle [ˈprɪnsəpl]n. 原则，原理;准则，道义;道德标准;本能;163. ratio ['reɪʃɪəʊ]n. 比，比率;比例;系数;vt. 求出比值，除，使…成比例;将（相片）按比例放大[缩小];164. kidney bean [ˈkidni bi:n]n. 菜豆，四季豆，云豆;165. beta carotene [ˈbi:təˈkærəti:n] [医]β-胡萝卜素：紫外线屏蔽剂，C 40H 56;166. bioflavonoid [baɪɒ'flevəˌnɔɪd] n. 生物类黄酮，维生素P; 167. allicin ['ɔ:laɪsɪn]n. 蒜素;168. indole ['ɪndəʊl]n. 吲哚;169. chive [tʃaɪv]n. 细洋葱;170. scallion [ˈskæliən]n. 青葱;冬葱;大葱;韭菜;171. leek [li:k]n. 韭葱;172. inhibit [ɪn'hɪbɪt]v. 抑制;禁止;173. lutein ['lu:tɪɪn]n. 叶黄素，黄体制剂;174. zeaxanthin [zɪə'zænθɪn]n. 玉米黄质;175. kiwi ['ki:wi:]n. [动]鹬鸵，几维鸟，新西兰特产，喙长，无翼，不能飞（也是新西兰的国鸟及象征）;[植]猕猴桃，奇异果;新西兰人;[植]猕猴桃藤，奇异果藤;adj. 〈非正式〉与新西兰或新西兰人有关的;176. anthocyanin [ˌænθə'saɪənɪn] n. 花青素，花色醣苔;177. phenolic [fɪ'nɒlɪk]adj. 酚的，石碳酸的;178. procedure [prəˈsi:dʒə(r)]n. 程序，手续;工序，过程，步骤;诉讼程序，（议会的）议事程序;〈罕〉进行;179. properly [ˈprɔpəlɪ]adv. 适当地;恰当地;正确地;完全，非常;180. store [stɔ:(r)]n. 商店;贮存物;仓库;大量;v. 贮存;（在计算机里）存储;181. unpeel [ˈʌnˈpi:l]v. 削…的皮;182. emit [ɪ'mɪt]vt. 发出;发射;颁布;发表;183. ethylene [ˈeθɪli:n]n. 乙烯;乙撑;184. refrigerator [rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtə(r)] n. 冰箱;冷藏库;制冰机，冷冻机;185. rhizosphere ['raɪzəˌsfɪr]n. 根围（指围绕植物根系在土壤中的一个区域）;186. derive [dɪ'raɪv]vt.& vi. 得到，导出;源于，来自;（从…中）提取;187. appear [ə'pɪə(r)]vi. 出现，显现;出庭，出场;演出;发表;188. anchor ['æŋkə(r)]n. 锚;锚状物;靠山;压阵队员;vt. 抛锚，抛锚泊船;使固定，使稳固;使稳定;在…任节目主持人;vi. 抛锚，停泊;固定;[体]任主要运动员;主持节目;adj. 最后一棒的，末捧的;189. dicot ['daɪkɒt]n. 双子叶植物;190. monocot ['mɒnəkɒt]n. 单子叶植物;191. parallel ['pærəlel]adj. 平行的;相同的，类似的;[电]并联的;[计]并行的;adv. 平行地，并列地;n. 平行线（面）;相似物;类比;纬线; vt. 使平行;与…媲美;与…相比;与…相似;192. coarse [kɔ:s]adj. 粗鄙的;粗糙的;粗野的;粗制滥造的;193. taproot [ˈtæpru:t]n. （植物的）主根，直根;194. adventitious root本地词典无数据195. aerial root [ˈɛəriəl ru:t]气生根;196. aerating [eə'reɪtɪŋ]v. 使暴露于空气中，使充满气体( aerate 的现在分词 );197. mangrove ['mæŋɡrəʊv]n. 红树属树木，海榄雌;198. sepal [ˈsepl]n. 萼片;199. petals [petlz]n. 花瓣( petal的名词复数 );200. stamen [ˈsteɪmən]n.雄蕊201. filament [ˈfɪləmənt]n.[印，纺]长丝，单纤维；[电]灯丝，丝极，游丝；细丝，丝状体；[植]（雄蕊的）花丝202. anther [ˈænθə(r)]n.花药203. stigma ['stɪɡmə]n.耻辱，污名；烙印；（病的）特征；[植] 柱头204. style [staɪl]n.方式；样式；时髦；仪表，品位vt.设计；称呼；为…造型vi.使符合流行式样；用刻刀作装饰画205. perianth ['perɪænθ]n.花被；蒴苞206. corolla [kə'rɒlə]n.花冠207. calyx ['keɪlɪks]n.花萼；盏；盂；杯状部（或腔）208. ovule [ˈɒvju:l]n.胚珠，卵子；原卵209. self pollination [self pɔlɪˈneɪʃn]自花传粉，自花受精210. cross pollination [krɔs pɔlɪˈne ɪʃn]异花授粉211. hybrid ['haɪbrɪd]n.杂种；杂交生成的生物体；混合物；混合词adj.混合的；杂种的212. fertilization [ˌfɜ:təlaɪ'zeɪʃn] n.施肥；受精，受精过程，受精行为[现象]；受孕；受胎213. double fertilization [ˈdʌbl ˌf ə:tilaiˈzeiʃən]双受精作用214. embryo [ˈembriəʊ]n.生胚，胚胎；胚芽；初期215. fleshy fruit [ˈfleʃi fru:t]肉质果216. dry fruit [drai fru:t]干果217. seed coat [si:d kəut]种皮218. endosperm [ˈendəuspə:m]n.胚乳219. dormant state [ˈdɔ:mənt steit] 休止状态220. emerge [ɪ'mɜ:dʒ]vi.出现，浮现；暴露；摆脱221. regional climate [ˈri:dʒənəl ˈklaimit]区域性气候222. microclimate [ˈmaɪkrəʊklaɪmət] n.小气候（指森林、城市、洞穴等局部地区的气候）223. humidity [hju:ˈmɪdəti]n.（空气中的）湿度；潮湿，高温潮湿；湿热；[物]湿度224. elevation [ˌelɪ'veɪʃn]n.高处，高地，高度，海拔，（枪炮的）仰角，射角；升级，上进，向上；高尚；[建]正视图，立视图225. moisture ['mɔɪstʃə(r)]n.水分；湿气；潮湿；降雨量226. moisture stress [ˈmɔistʃə stres] 水应力227. vernalization [ˌvɜ:nəlɪˈzeɪʃən] n. 开花结实促进法，种子促熟法;春化228. induce [inˈdju:s]vt. 引诱;引起;[电]感应;归纳229. thermoperiodism [ˌθə:məuˈpiəri ədizəm]n. （尤指植物的）温周期现象;温变周期性;温期现象230. stratification [ˌstrætəfɪˈkeɪʃən]n. 层理;成层;层化;分层231. temperature stress [ˈtempəritʃəstres]温度应力232. sunscald ['sʌnskɔ:ld]n.晒伤，日灼病；日烧伤233. intensity [ɪn'tensətɪ]n.强烈；（感情的）强烈程度；强度；烈度234. quality ['kwɒlətɪ]n.质量，品质；美质，优点；才能，能力，技能，素养；品种adj.优质的，高质量的；上流社会的235. daylength ['deɪleŋθ]昼长236. germination [ˌdʒɜ:mɪ'neɪʃn]n.萌芽，发生；萌发；生芽；催芽237. dormancy ['dɔ:mənsɪ]n.睡眠，冬眠，隐匿238. pigment ['pɪɡmənt]n.颜料，色料；[生]色素vt.给…着色vi.呈现颜色239. molecule [ˈmɒlɪkju:l]n.分子；微小颗粒240. phytochrome ['faɪtəʊkrəʊm]n.（植物的）光敏色素241. photoperiodism [fəʊtəʊ'pɪərɪədɪzm]n.暴露于阳光而产生的反应242. insect [ˈɪnsekt]n.虫，昆虫；卑鄙的人；微贱的人，小人adj.昆虫的；卑劣的243. microorganism [ˌmaɪkrəʊ'ɔ:gənɪz əm]n.微生物244. growing medium生长基质；生长介质245. vermiculite [vɜ:'mɪkjʊˌlaɪt] n.蛭石246. perlite ['pɜ:laɪt]n.珍珠岩247. peat moss [pi:t mɔs]n.泥煤苔（泥煤的主成分）248. sphagnum [ˈsfægnəm]n.泥炭藓块（用于包装等）249. leaf mold [li:f məuld]n. 腐叶土壤，叶霉病，（导致叶霉病的）霉菌250. hydroponic [ˌhaɪdrə'pɒnɪk] adj.溶液培养的251. leach [li:tʃ]vi.术（将化学品、矿物质等）过滤vt.（液体）过滤，滤去n.过滤；过滤器252. volatilization [ˌvɒlətɪlaɪ'zeɪʃən]n.挥发，发散253. denitrification [di:ˌnaɪtrɪfɪ'ke ɪʃn]n.反硝化作用，脱硝作用，脱氮作用254. photosynthesis [ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθəs ɪs]n.光合作用，光能合成255. fertigation [fɜ:tɪ'ɡeɪʃən]n.滴灌施肥256. clay [kleɪ]n.黏土，泥土；（相对于灵魂而言的）人体，肉体；似黏土的东西；克莱（男子名，Clayton 的昵称）vt.用黏土处理[人名] [英格兰人姓氏] 克莱地貌名称，或职业名称，黏土坑工人，来源于古英语，含义是“黏土”(clay)；[男子名] 克莱Clayton的昵称；[地名] [美国] 克莱257. profile ['prəʊfaɪl]n.侧面，半面；外形，轮廓；[航]翼型；人物简介vt.描…的轮廓；给…画侧面图；为（某人）写传略；[机]铣出…的轮廓258. propagation [ˌprɒpə'ɡeɪʃn]n.传播，传输，蔓延，扩展，波及深度；〔生〕繁殖法，〔地〕传导；宣传；培养259. sexual propagation [ˈseksjuəl ˌprɔpəˈgeɪʃən]有性繁殖260. asexual propagation [eiˈseksjuəl ˌprɔpəˈgeɪʃən]无性繁殖[生殖]261. sprout [spraʊt]vi.发芽；抽芽vt.使发芽；使生长n.幼芽，新梢；[植]球芽甘蓝；幼苗状物，年轻人；美俚〉后代262. stem cutting [stem ˈkʌtɪŋ]枝插263. cutting ['kʌtɪŋ]adj.锋利的，锐利的；刺骨的，像刀割似的；讽刺的，挖苦的n.切割；剪报，剪辑；[园]插枝；开凿v.切开(cut的现在分词)；削减；采伐264. layering [ˈleiəriŋ]n. 压条法;成层;分层265. tissue culture [ˈtisju: ˈkʌltʃə] n.组织培养，体素培养266. grafting ['grɑ:ftɪŋ]n.嫁接法，移植法v.农移植( graft的现在分词 )；嫁接；使（思想、制度等）成为（…的一部份）；植根267. hormone ['hɔ:məʊn]n.荷尔蒙；激素268. dipping [ˈdipiŋ]n. 浸渍，蘸;adj. （可）调好近光的;v. 浸( dip的现在分词 );（把烛芯浸在融蜡里）制造（蜡烛）;把（汽车前灯）的远光调为近光;洗药水浴269. fungicide [ˈfʌndʒisaid]n. 杀真菌剂270. herbaceous [hɜ:ˈbeɪʃəs]adj.草本的；叶状的271. bulbs [bʌlbz]n.球茎( bulb的名词复数 )；电灯泡；（植物）鳞茎272. corm [kɔ:m]n.球茎，球根273. sucker ['sʌkə(r)]n.[动]吸盘；吸管；乳儿，吮吸者；[鱼]（有吸盘的）胭脂鱼类vt.从…除去吸根；[植]生出徒长枝vi.成为吸根；长出根出条274. graft [ɡrɑ:ft]n. 移植;嫁接;渎职;贪污，受贿;vt. 移植;嫁接，接枝;贪污;用嫁接法种植;vi. 移植;贪污;受贿;嫁接;275. budding ['bʌdɪŋ]adj. 正发芽的;开始发育的;初露头角的;新获得成功的;n. 发芽，含苞;[植]芽接（法），（出）芽（繁）殖;v. “bud”的现在分词;276. genetically [dʒə'netɪklɪ]adv.创始；遗传学；生殖；基因277. gmo [ˌdʒi:em'əʊ]n.[医][=garamycin ointment]庆大霉素油膏278. genetically modified organism [d ʒe'netikəli ˈmɔdifaid ˈɔ:ɡənizəm]转基因组织279. algal bloom [ˈælɡəl blu:m]藻花；水华280. chemical pest control [ˈkemikəl pest kənˈtrəul][化] 化学防治（病虫害）281. resistance [rɪ'zɪstəns]n.抵抗；阻力；抗力；电阻282. chain [tʃeɪn] n.链子，链条；连锁，连续；拘束；连锁店或旅馆系列的事物vt.用铁链锁住；监禁，束缚283. interfere [ˌɪntə'fɪə(r)]vi.干预，干涉；调停，排解；妨碍，打扰284. calcium ['kælsɪəm]n.化钙285. metabolism [məˈtæbəlɪzəm]n.新陈代谢；代谢作用286. incubation [ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃn]n.孵卵；孵化；医，生（传染病的）潜伏期；生（细菌等的）繁殖287. pharmaceutical [ˌfɑ:mə'su:tɪkl] adj.制药的，配药的n.药物288. beverage [ˈbevərɪdʒ]n.饮料289. bacteria [bækˈtiəriə]n. 细菌(bacterium的名词复数)290. diagnostics [ˌdaɪəg'nɒstɪks] n.诊断学291. research [rɪ'sɜ:tʃ]n.研究，追究；探讨，探测；调查；探索vi.做研究；探究；（从市场调研中）得出所预测的结果vt.从事…的研究，为…而做研究292. sweetness [ˈswi:tnəs]n.甜蜜；美妙；芳香；可爱293. vaccine ['væksi:n]n.疫苗，痘苗adj.痘苗的，疫苗的294. scion [ˈsaɪən]n. 接穗，幼枝;（尤指富家）子孙;295. cleft [kleft]n. 裂缝;裂口;cleave的过去式和过去分词;进退维谷;v. 劈开，剁开，割开( cleave的过去式和过去分词 );296. rootstock [ru:ts'tɒk]n. 根茎;初生主根;根砧木;根源;297. chisel ['tʃɪzl]n. 凿子，錾子;<俚>诈骗;vt.& vi. 凿，雕;錾，镌;欺骗;钻进;298. affinity [ə'fɪnətɪ]n. 密切关系，姻亲关系;（男女之间的）吸引力，吸引人的异性;类同;类似，近似;299. mallet ['mælɪt]n. 木槌;长柄球棍;大锤;300. saw [sɔ:]n. 锯;谚语，格言;vt.& vi. 往复移动;锯成;用锯;拉锯; v. 看见( see的过去式);观看;领会;考虑;301. cuticle [ˈkju:tɪkl]n. （手指甲或脚趾甲根部的）外皮;302. epidermis [ˌepɪˈdɜ:mɪs]n. 表皮;303. alburnum [ælˈbə:nəm]n. 边材;液材;304. ligature ['lɪɡətʃə(r)]n. 带子;绷带;<音>集结音符;<印>连体字母;305. intimate ['ɪntɪmət]adj. 亲密的，亲近的;私人的，个人的;内部的;直接的; n. 至交;密友;v. 暗示，提示;宣布，通知;306. cambium ['kæmbɪəm]n. 形成层，新生组织;307. stub [stʌb]n. 树桩;铅笔头，烟蒂;票根，存根;vt. 使（脚趾）碰到某物;捻灭（香烟，雪茄等）;连根拔出;308. mouldy [ˈməʊldi]adj. 发霉的;破旧的;309. intervention [ˌɪntə'venʃn]n. 介入，干涉，干预;调解，排解;310. severance ['sevərəns]n. 切断;断绝;割断;离职金;311. thorn [θɔ:n]n. 刺;棘刺，荆棘;带刺的植物;刺痛;312. dwarf [dwɔ:f]n. 侏儒，矮子;矮小的动物（植物）;[天]矮星;vt. （使）显得矮小;使（发育，智能等）受阻碍;使相形见绌;vi. 变矮小;adj. 矮小的;313. undesirable [ˌʌndɪˈzaɪərəbl] adj. 不受欢迎的，讨厌的;不合需要的;不方便的;不良的;n. 不受欢迎的人;不良分子;。
园艺专业英语
园艺专业英语翻译（中→英）Lesson1 part A1、protected (structure) horticulture is defined as a cultivation method taking use of heatkeeping ,chilling prevention or cooling and rainproof facilities to prevent the crops production from being influenced or seriously done by natural seasons and toartificially create a microclimate environment suitable for growing horticultural crops in cold or hot weather hat actually unfavorable to the crop development .it is also termed as out-of-season culture ,season-off culture or forcing culture .because of the season in which horticultural crops are planted is hand for their growing in open field.2、Windbreak、cold –frame 、hot-frame、 plastic-clad tunnel and greenhouse could providea variety of vegetable seeding for open field or protected culture or protect seedingof cold tolerant vegetable living through the winter ,for early planting andacquirement of early mature products.3、In respect of structure type, the largest horticultural structure area in our countryconsists of plastic tunnels and lean to houses, especially the energy-sawing solar greenhouse, which has become the dominant greenhouse type in the country. Presently the development of large greenhouse or multi-span house has been initiated. Lesson2 part A4、In horticultural crop cultivation under structure the key point of environment managementfor growers is to create optimal complex of environmental conditions for crop growth and development, as possibly as they can, according to properties and environmental demand of crop.Lesson3 part ALesson4 part A1、most soil amendments are consisted of the increasing of organic matters ,addition ofspecific nutritional elements and ph adjustment2、the soil is an important constitute of the land loamy soil must consist of soul particleswith proper ratio ,with equilibrium of nutrients ,in which contains some organic matter ,and with considerable moistureLesson5 part ALesson6 part A1、sink demand of horticultural crops extremely affects photosynthetic ,for example ,leafphotosynthesis noticeably decrease when potato tubers are removed during their growth short-term response may be stomato close effect ,but this cannot explain common continuous effects ,sometime when the source-sink ratio increases significantly ,some old leaves can renew their photosynthesis functions ,on the other hand ,rapidly growing sinks sometimes compete with leaves for mobilizable nitrogen and this results in abscission of leaves and lower photosynthesis capacity.2、It is not clear yet that how the sink demand affect photosynthesis of leaves .the simplestexplanation is that photosynthesis accumulated in leaves restrain photosynthesis .however trials for examining this hypothesis usually obtained the oppositeresults .furthermore ,in practice ,photosynthates seemly not accumulate besidechloroplasts in mesophyll cells .thus ,more research work should be done on source-sink relationship to improve yields of horticultural cropsLesson7 part A1、the development of horticultural crops product organs consist of maturity 、full ripenessand senescence stages .maturity includes physiological ripeness and horticulturalripeness the former means that in the last growth stage ,mature organs become full ripening and the later means the best growth stage of horticultural crops forharvest ,such as leaf vegetables ,when they are reaped ,they are not physiological ripe ,and flower crops are harvested when thy flower.Full ripeness is the develop stage after fruit mature some fruits can get full ripeness in trees ,while some must ripen after separated from trees .after full ripen the flesh mealiness aroma strength proper acidity and sugar ,senescence is a stoppingterminating process of living activity. In this stage, product organs quality of horticultural crops become bad and completely leaves their economical value in the endLesson8 part A1、hormone produced by seed influence fruit setting ,fruit growth and the balance of hormonesin plant2、Stone fruits can no t set their fruits when their embryos develop abnormally. pome fruitscan set without seeds ,but flesh cells grow slowly3、Gibberellins was produced after pollination with seed development gibberellins promotessynthesis of auxin , therefore ,promotes fruit setting .the fruit set and fruit growth is similar between the ovule not pollinated treated by gibberellins and those which has seed4、Gibberellins produced by apple seeds apparently restrain flower differentiation andresult in alternate fruiting .alternate fruiting is not normal in pear and many stone fruits .it is because the early occurrence of gibberellins synthesis peak which is not concurrent with flower differentiation initiation.Lesson13 part A1、pruning of fruit trees is a practice involves the heading back cuts and the thinningcuts of branches for good framework ,for regulating contradiction between growth and fruiting ,for maintaining the equilibrium between vegetative growth and propagative growth and for good sunlight exposure, to fruit early to achieve high yield and to get commodity with high quality2、the pruning methods are best determined by the characteristics of fruit species andcultivars ,the climate the soil condition and the crop developing stages and growth status .in order to get the best result ,it is useful to combine pruning with other cultural practices like fertilization ,irrigation, etc3、Reinvigoration of trees is better performed annually, which can keep fruit fromstimulating excessive sprouts .remove dead branches, sprouts and some crossing shoots.Secondly, large branches should be thinned out gradually to open tree chamber and to improve distribution of sunlight in order to simulate fruiting.Lesson15 part A1、temperature is an critical element in biological ,chemical and physiological processesof all plant species2、Temperature regulates the rate of chemical reactions ,leading to the adjustment of plantgrowth rate.3、As a important contributing factor to climate .temperature play an important role inadaptability and growth ,date of plant thus the horticultural crop types which can be cultured in a specific area rely on temperature4、Most plants can live and grow in the range of 0 to 50℃ .however low-temperaturesensitivity limit the successful cultivated regions of plantsLesson16 part A1、sprinkler irrigation is often used in maintaining and flower beds which has the specialtythe uniform water amount in its coverage .however, water waste occur when sprinkler is not limited in the area need irrigation .in addition ,evaporation result in some water loss too。
园艺专业词汇
园艺专业英语（a－k）园艺专业英语（a－k） A alternate bearing 大小年结果amendment 调理剂ample 充足的anatomical 解剖的aneuploid 非整倍性（的）anion 阴离子annual 一年生植物，一季生植物anther 花粉囊，花药anthocyanin [植]炭疽病antibiotic 抗生素anti-drop film 无滴膜antiviral 抗过滤性病原体的，抗病毒的apex 尖，顶端aphid 蚜虫apomixis 单性生殖，孤雌生殖apendix n. 附录，附属品，[解]阑尾apricot 杏aquifer 含水土层，蓄水层aroma 芳香，香气，香味arsenate n.[化]砷酸盐arsenic n.[化]砷，砒霜artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能asphalt-coated wood 涂上一层沥青的木头assimilate 合成代谢产物assimilation 同化，同化作用，吸收associated yield 相关的产量aster 紫菀astringency 涩味astringent 收敛性的，严酷的，涩的asymmetrical 不对称的at normal atmospheric pressure 在标准大气压下atomize 使雾化attached in-line emitter 在制作过程中胶合或焊接在滴灌带（或软管）上的内置式喷头（滴头）attainable yield 可得到的产量attendant 伴随的auxin 生长素avenue 林荫道avocado 油梨axil 叶腋axillary 腋窝的，叶腋的，腋生的园艺专业英语2（L-Z）Llabour-intensive production process 劳动密集型生产过程laid （lay的过去式）产（卵）landfill 垃圾掩埋法，垃圾landscape designer 园林设计师large plastic house 塑料大棚larva [复] larvae 幼虫latent heat 潜热lateral branch 侧枝lattice girder 支撑桁架lay-flat bag 平放的种植袋lay-flat duct 平铺管layout n. 规划，设计，（书刊等）编排，版面设计，（工厂等）布局图leaf area ratio 叶面积比leaf cutting 叶插leaf epidermis 叶表皮，叶上皮leaf mold 腐殖土；叶霉病leaf variegation 叶杂色性，叶色变异leaf : fruit ratio 叶果比leaf-miner 潜叶蝇leak 渗漏lean-to house 一面坡温室，单屋面温室legend 图例lepidopterous 鳞翅目的light intensity 光强light transmission 光的透射light transmissivity 透光率lightweight medium 质地较轻的基质likelihood n. 可能，可能性lily 百合，百合花limb 枝limestone 石灰石line graph 直线图，折线图，曲线图linoleic acid 亚油酸lipid 类脂，脂类，类脂化合物liquid plastic mulch 液体塑料膜load 负荷lobe 圆片locule [生物]小腔，小室，心室，室（指子房，花药等）longitudinal angel 纵向角度looper 尺蠖Loosduinen 荷兰的一个地名low tunnel 小拱棚lycopene [生物]番茄红素。
园林专业英语
2.0001 园林学landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture 2.0002 造园学garden making, landscape garden-ing2.0003 环境园艺学environmental horticulture2.0004 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture2.0005 园林艺术garden art2.0006 园林美学garden aesthetics2.0007 园林建筑学garden architecture2.0008 园林建筑garden building2.0009 园林工程garden engineering2.0010 园林植物landscape plant2.0011 观赏植物ornamental plant2.0012 盆景miniature landscape, penjing2.0013 园林garden and park2.0014 园林学史history of garden architecture2.0015 园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning 2.0016 园林设计garden design2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine2.0018 园林管理garden management2.0019 园林生态landscape ecology2.0020 绿化greening, planting2.0021 环境绿化environmental greening2.0022 绿地面积green area2.0023 绿地率ratio of green space2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage2.0025 工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing2.0026 街道绿化street greening, street planting2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening2.0030 群众绿化mass planting movement2.0031 郊区绿化suburban greening2.0032 公路绿化highway greening2.0033 铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting2.0034 堤岸种植bank planting2.0035 阳台绿化balcony greening2.0036 窗台绿化window-sill greening2.0037 屋顶绿化roof greening2.0038 垂直绿化vertical greening2.0039 攀缘绿化climber greening2.0040 桥头绿化bridgehead greening2.0041 花园garden2.0042 专类花园specified flower garden2.0043 花园村garden village2.0044 园林城市landscape garden city2.0045 蔷薇园rose garden2.0046 松柏园conifer garden2.0047 球根园bulb garden2.0048 宿根园perennial garden2.0049 假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery2.0050 狩猎场hunting ground2.0051 街心花园street crossing center garden2.0052 小游园petty street garden2.0053 水景园water garden2.0054 铺地园paved garden2.0055 野趣园wild plants botanical garden2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden2.0057 乡趣园rustic garden2.0058 盆景园penjing garden, miniature land-scape 2.0059 动物园zoo, zoological garden2.0060 墓园cemetery garden2.0061 沼泽园bog and marsh garden2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden2.0063 学校园school garden2.0064 室内花园indoor garden2.0065 芳香花园fragrant garden2.0066 盲人花园garden for the blind2.0067 公园park, public park2.0068 城市公园city park, urban park2.0069 区公园regional park2.0070 儿童公园children park2.0071 体育公园sports park2.0072 森林公园forest park2.0073 纪念公园memorial park2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park2.0075 综合公园comprehensive park2.0076 文化公园cultural park2.0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park2.0078 中央公园central park2.0079 天然公园natural park2.0080 海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park2.0081 古迹公园historic site park2.0082 河滨公园riverside park2.0083 湖滨公园lakeside park2.0084 路边公园roadside park, street park2.0085 娱乐公园amusement park2.0086 雕塑公园sculpture park2.0087 休憩公园recreation park2.0088 疗养公园sanatorium park2.0089 国家公园national park2.0090 邻里公园neighborhood park2.0091 特种公园special park2.0092 植物园botanical garden2.0093 植物公园abeled plants park2.0094 高山植物园alpine garden2.0095 热带植物园tropical plants garden2.0096 药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden 2.0097 绿地green space2.0098 公共绿地public green space2.0099 单位绿地unit green area2.0100 城市绿地urban green space2.0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area2.0102 居住区绿地residential quarter green area2.0103 防护绿地green area for environmental protection 2.0104 郊区绿地suburban green space2.0105 街坊绿地residential block green belt2.0106 附属绿地attached green space2.0107 生产绿地productive plantation area2.0108 苗圃nursery2.0109 风景landscape, scenery2.0110 自然景观natural landscape2.0111 人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities 2.0112 草原景观prairie landscape2.0113 山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape 2.0114 地理景观geographical landscape2.0115 湖泊景观lake view2.0116 郊区景观suburban landscape2.0117 地质景观geological landscape2.0118 喀斯特景观karst landscape2.0119 植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape园林史02.2.1 中国园林史2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden2.0123 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden 2.0124 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden2.0125 皇家园林royal garden2.0126 私家园林private garden2.0127 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史2.0128 西方古典园林western classical garden2.0129 英国式园林English style garden2.0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden2.0131 意大利式园林Italian style garden2.0132 西班牙式园林Spanish style garden2.0133 法兰西式园林French style garden2.0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden2.0135 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa2.0136 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden2.0137 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden2.0138 庄园manor, villa garden2.0139 廊柱园peristyle garden, patio2.0140 绿廊xystus2.0141 迷阵maze, labyrinth02.2.3 典型中西园林2.0142 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden2.0143 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden2.0144 灵台Ling T ai Platform Garden2.0145 阿房宫E-Pang Palace2.0146 上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan2.0147 未央宫Wei-Yang Palace2.0148 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace2.0149 华清官Hua-Qing Palace2.0150 艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden2.0151 圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden2.0152 颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 2.0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort2.0154 苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden2.0155 悬园Hanging Garden2.0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 2.0157 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park2.0158 枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden02.3 园林艺术2.0159 景view, scenery, feature2.0160 远景distant view2.0161 近景nearby view2.0162 障景obstructive scenery, blocking view2.0163 借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing2.0164 对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place2.0165 缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery2.0166 漏景leaking through scenery2.0167 框景enframed scenery2.0168 尾景terminal feature2.0169 主景main feature2.0170 副景secondary feature2.0171 配景objective view2.0172 夹景vista line, vista2.0173 前景front view2.0174 背景background2.0175 景序order of sceneries2.0176 景点feature spot, view spot2.0177 仰视景观upward landscape2.0178 俯视景观downward landscape2.0179 季相景观seasonal phenomena2.0180 气象景观meteorological diversity scenery2.0181 视野visual field2.0182 秋色fall color, autumn color2.0183 园林空间garden space2.0184 开敞空间wide open space, wide space2.0185 封闭空间enclosure space2.0186 意境artistic conception, poetic imagery2.0187 苍古antiquity2.0188 空灵spaciousness, airiness2.0189 动观in-motion viewing2.0190 静观in-position viewing2.0191 视错觉visual illusion2.0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden2.0193 对称平衡symmetrical balance2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance2.0195 左右对称bilateral symmetry2.0196 辐射对称radial symmetry2.0197 透景线perspective line2.0198 轴线axis, axial line2.0199 主轴main axis2.0200 副轴auxiliary axis2.0201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis2.0202 树冠线skyline2.0203 园林色彩艺术art of garden colors2.0204 单色谐调monochromatic harmony2.0205 复色谐调compound chromatic harmony2.0206 对比色突出contrast colors accent2.0207 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony2.0208 暖色warm color2.0209 冷色cool color2.0210 色感color sense2.0211 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 2.0212 绿地系统green space system2.0213 公共绿地定额public green space quota2.0214 公共绿地指标public green space norm2.0215 绿地布局green space layout2.0216 吸引圈attractive circle2.0217 吸引距离attractive distance2.0218 有效半径effective radius2.0219 绿地资源green space resource2.0220 绿地效果green space effect2.0221 绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space2.0222 空间规划space planning2.0223 形象规划image plan2.0224 实施规划implementary plan2.0225 必要生活空间necessary living space2.0226 余暇生活空间leisure time living space2.0227 利用频度usage frequency2.0228 树种规划planning of trees and shrubs2.0229 绿地类型type of green space2.0230 环状绿型annular green space2.0231 块状绿地green plot2.0232 点状绿地green spot2.0233 放射状绿地radiate green space2.0234 楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space2.0235 缓冲绿地buffer green space2.0236 防音绿地noiseproof green space2.0237 科学景观论scientific landscape theory2.0238 园林保留地reserve garden2.0239 公园规划park planning2.0240 园林总体规划garden master planning2.0241 总平面规划site planning2.0242 园林分区garden zoning2.0243 安静休息区tranquil rest area2.0244 儿童活动区children playing space2.0245 儿童游戏场children playground, playlot2.0246 体育运动区sports activities area2.0247 野餐区picnic place2.0248 散步区pedestrian space2.0249 群众集会区mass meeting square2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 2.0252 草坪区lawn space2.0253 绿荫区shade tree section2.0254 历史古迹区historical relics area2.0255 青少年活动区youngsters activities area2.0256 诱鸟区bird sanctuary area2.0257 钓鱼区fishing center2.0258 野营区camp site2.0259 游人中心visitors center2.0260 服务中心service center2.0261 探险游乐场adventure ground2.0262 文化活动区cultural activities area2.0263 道路系统approach system, road system 2.0264 环形道路系统circular road system2.0265 方格形道路系统latticed road system2.0266 放射形道路系统radiate road system2.0267 自然式道路系统informal road system2.0268 规整式道路系统formal road system2.0269 混合式道路系统mixed style road system 2.0270 园林规划图garden planning map2.0271 园林规划说明书garden planning direction 2.0272 城市公园系统urban park system2.0273 公园分布distribution of parks2.0274 公园类型park type, park category2.0275 公园间距distance between parks2.0276 公园形式park styles2.0277 游览区excursion area, open-to-public area 2.0278 非游览区no-admittance area2.0279 办公区administrative area2.0280 服务区service center2.0281 动休息区dynamic rest space2.0282 静休息区static rest space2.0283 娱乐演出区entertaining performance place 2.0284 主要入口main entrance2.0285 次要入口secondary entrance2.0286 人流量visitors flowrate2.0287 车流量vehicle flowrate2.0288 公园道路park road2.0289 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio2.0290 游人容纳量visitors capacity2.0291 风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation 2.0292 风景学scenicology2.0293 风景规划landscape plan2.0294 风景设计landscape design2.0295 游览路线touring route2.0296 旅游资源tourism resource2.0297 旅游地理tourism geography2.0298 旅游地质tourism geology2.0299 历史名城famous historical city2.0300 文化名城famous cultural city2.0301 文化遗址ancient cultural relic2.0302 天然博物馆natural open museum2.0303 风景地貌natural geomorphology2.0304 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration2.0305 风景区scenic spot, scenic area2.0306 风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs2.0309 高山风景区alpine scenic spot2.0310 海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot2.0311 森林风景区forest scenic spot2.0312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot2.0313 峡谷风景区valley scenic spot2.0314 江河风景区river landscape district2.0315 湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot2.0316 温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot2.0317 瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot2.0318 禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting 2.0319 封山育林区region closed for afforestation2.0320 天池风景区crater lake scenic spot2.0321 自然保护区nature protection area2.0322 科学保护区protection area for scientific research2.0323 天然纪念物natural monument2.0324 生物圈保护区biosphere protection area02.5 园林设计2.0325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer2.0326 园址测量图garden site survey map2.0327 地形图topographic map, contour map2.0328 种植设计planting design2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design2.0331 造价分析cost analysis2.0332 园林形式garden style2.0333 规整式园林formal garden style2.0334 非规整园林informal garden style2.0335 几何式园林geometric garden style2.0336 自然式园林natural garden style2.0337 混合式园林mixed garden style2.0338 近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style2.0339 马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden2.0340 园林区划garden area division2.0341 园林分区规划garden block planning2.0342 庭院花园courtyard garden2.0343 前庭front yard, forecourt2.0344 后庭back yard, rear yard2.0345 中庭patio2.0346 厨园kitchen yard2.0347 沉[床]园sunken garden2.0348 窗园window garden2.0349 墙园wall garden2.0350 宅园home garden2.0351 台地园terrace garden2.0352 冬园winter garden2.0353 切花园cut flower garden2.0354 屋顶花园roof garden2.0355 后花园back yard garden2.0356 园林地形改造topographical reform of garden 2.0357 土山earth piled hill, artificial mound2.0358 假山rockery, artificial rockwork2.0359 太湖石T aihu Lake stone, water modelled stone 2.0360 黄石yellowish brown stone2.0361 人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone 2.0362 孤赏石monolith, standing stone2.0363 掇山piled stone hill, hill making2.0364 叠石stones laying2.0365 板石flag stone2.0366 散点石scattered stone2.0367 抱角石corner stone2.0368 屋基石foundation stone2.0369 排衙石guard stone2.0370 屏石screen stone2.0371 石岸rock bank2.0372 石阶stone steps2.0373 汀步stepping stone on water surface2.0374 附壁石stone appended to wall2.0375 石花台stone flower bed2.0376 石凳stone bench2.0377 假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall2.0378 干砌石dry stone wall2.0379 假山石楼梯rock stairway2.0380 石亭stone pavilion2.0381 石洞stone cavern2.0382 石窟grotto2.0383 置石stone arrangement, stone layout2.0384 拱石arch stone2.0385 拱顶石key stone2.0386 园林水景water scenes of garden2.0387 水体water body2.0388 水面water surface2.0389 水池pool2.0390 水塘pond2.0391 喷泉fountain2.0392 喷水池fountain pool2.0393 涉水池wading pool2.0394 倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool2.0395 睡莲池water-lily pool2.0396 喷水管布置piping schema2.0397 钓鱼塘fishing pond2.0398 高水位池塘high water table pond2.0399 池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool 2.0400 隐头喷泉secret fountain2.0401 岛园Island garden2.0402 半岛园peninsula garden2.0403 小岛isle2.0404 瀑布waterfall2.0405 小瀑布cascade2.0406 湖lake2.0407 矶rock projecting over water2.0408 水帘洞water curtain cave2.0409 园桥garden bridge2.0410 拱桥arch bridge2.0411 石板桥stone slab bridge2.0412 木板桥plank bridge2.0413 圆木桥log bridge2.0414 亭桥pavilion bridge2.0415 曲桥zigzag bridge2.0416 壁泉wall fountain2.0417 饮水喷头drinking fountain2.0418 植物配植plant arrangement2.0419 树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs 2.0420 群植group planting, mass planting2.0421 孤植specimen planting, isolated planting 2.0422 丛植clump planting2.0423 组植group planting2.0424 林植forest planting2.0425 列植linear planting2.0426 对植opposite planting, coupled planting 2.0427 环植circular planting2.0428 带植belt planting2.0429 散植scattered planting, loose planting 2.0430 边缘种植edge planting2.0431 边界种植boundary planting2.0432 整形种植architectural planting2.0433 基础种植foundation planting2.0434 角隅种植corner planting2.0435 景框种植planting as enframent2.0436 门卫种植guard planting2.0437 篱恒种植fence planting2.0438 障景种植screen planting2.0439 背景种植background planting2.0440 林下种植underwood planting2.0441 路边种植roadside planting2.0442 绿篱hedge2.0443 树墙espalier2.0444 庭荫树shade tree2.0445 园景树specimen tree2.0446 风景林amenity forest, ornamental forest2.0447 行道树avenue tree, street tree2.0448 纪念林memorial forest2.0449 整型树topiary tree2.0450 花篱flower hedge'2.0451 刺篱thorny plants hedge2.0452 常绿绿篱evergreen hedge2.0453 落叶绿篱deciduous hedge2.0454 高篱high hedge2.0455 沟中边篱hah-hah fence2.0456 图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge2.0457 迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge2.0458 整剪绿篱clipped hedge2.0459 自然式花篱natural flowering hedge2.0460 边篱boundary fence2.0461 园篱garden fence, garden hedge2.0462 纯林pure forest2.0463 混交林mixed forest2.0464 林间隙地open space in woodland2.0465 杂木林spinney2.0466 树冠覆盖面tree canopy2.0467 草坪lawn2.0468 整形草坪formal lawn2.0469 开花草坪flowering lawn2.0470 牧场草坪meadowy land2.0471 花坛flower bed2.0472 路边花坛roadside flower bed2.0473 带状花坛ribbon flower bed2.0474 时钟花坛flower clock2.0475 盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed 2.0476 高设花台raised flower bed2.0477 毛毡花坛carpet bed2.0478 镶嵌花坛mosaic bed2.0479 铺石花坛paved bed2.0480 灌木花坛shrub bed2.0481 图案花坛群parterre2.0482 草药花坛herbaceous flower bed2.0483 花结花坛knot bed2.0484 整形花坛formal flower bed2.0485 花境flower border2.0486 花桶flower tub2.0487 植树箱planting box2.0488 活动花坛movable flower bed2.0489 瓶饰garden vase2.0490 灌木花境shrub border2.0491 混合花境mixed border2.0492 园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design 2.0493 漫步路trail, footway2.0494 小径alley, path2.0495 川草坪岛lawn island2.0496 安全岛traffic island, refuge island2.0497 转弯曲度turning curvature2.0498 转弯半径turning radius2.0499 踏面landing pitch2.0500 步石stepping stone2.0501 涉水踏步wading step2.0502 错铺路crazy paving path2.0503 随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random 2.0504 花纹路pattern path2.0505 林荫路mall2.0506 林荫大道boulevard2.0507 花园路parkway2.0508 林间小道path in woodland2.0509 种植池planting bed2.0510 树池保护格栅tree grate2.0511 树干保护套栏tree guard2.0512 树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting2.0513 路面线纹score line2.0514 传统园林建筑traditional garden building2.0515 凉亭summer shelter2.0516 活树亭arbor, tent arbor2.0517 蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion2.0518 茅亭thatched pavilion2.0519 竹亭bamboo pavilion2.0520茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk2.0521回廊cloister2.0522 水廊corridor on water2.0523 曲廊zigzag veranda2.0524 扒山廊sloping gallery2.0525 楼廊two-storied gallery2.0526 画舫painted pleasure boat2.0527 石舫stone boat2.0528 不击舟immovable pleasure boat2.0529 诗条石poem-engraved stone slab2.0530 月洞门moon gate2.0531 扶手栏杆handrail2.0532 坐凳栏杆seat rail2.0533 石碑stone tablet, stele2.0534 园林露天剧场open garden theater2.0535 园林露天舞池open garden dancing place2.0536 露天音乐台outdoor music stand2.0537 眺望台prospect deck2.0538 繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse2.0539 展览温室public conservatory2.0540 月池new-moon pool2.0541 园林小品small garden ornaments2.0542 磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet2.0543 园椅garden chair, garden seat2.0544 园凳garden bench2.0545 园桌garden table2.0546 园灯garden lamp2.0547 曰规sundial2.0548 鸟浴bird bath2.0549 鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box2.0550 鸟笼bird cage, bird coop2.0551 悬篮hanging basket2.0552 野鸟喂食器bird feeder2.0553 额匾horizontal inscribed board2.0554 楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar 2.0555 引露天烤炉open barbecue2.0556 树棚living-tree pergola2.0557 花架pergola2.0558 花格架trellis, treillage2.0559 点景牌楼naming pailou, decorated archway2.0560 园林施工garden layout, garden construction 2.0561 种植工程planting engineering2.0562 大树移植big tree transplanting2.0563 裸根移植bare root transplanting2.0564 土球移植ball transplanting2.0565 沟植trench planting2.0566 假植heeling in, temporary planting2.0567 播种草坪seeding lawn2.0568 铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn2.0569 假山工程rockery engineering2.0570 掇山五法five methods" of rock piling2.0571 等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced2.0572 前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part2.0573 上轻下重法method of lowering the center ofgravity of rocks2.0574 纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins2.0575 石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials2.0576 观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub2.0577 观叶植物foliage plant2.0578 观果植物fruit-effect plant2.0579 观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches2.0580 指示植物indicating plant2.0581 主景植物accent plant2.0582 耐湿植物damp tolerant plant2.0583 抗风植物wind-resistant plant2.0584 耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plant2.0585 市花city flower2.0586 市树city tree2.0587 国花national flower2.0588 国树national tree2.0589 芳香植物fragrant plant2.0590 抗污染植物pollution resistant plant2.0591 环保植物environment protecting plant2.0592 高山植物alpine plant2.0593 岩生植物rock plant2.0594 攀缘植物climbing plant, climber2.0595 地被植物ground cover plant2.0596 阴生植物shade plant2.0597 装饰植物decorative plant2.0598 装缘植物edging plant2.0599 绿蓠植物hedge plant2.0600 草坪植物lawn plant, lawn grass2.0601 花坛植物bedding plant2.0602 球根植物bulbous plant2.0603 宿根植物perennial plant, perennial2.0604 水生植物aquatic plant, hydrophyte2.0605 旱生植物xerophyte2.0606 沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant2.0607 室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant, house plant2.0608 切花cut flower2.0609 垂枝植物pendulous plant, weeping plant2.0610 缠绕植物twiner, twinning plant2.0611 针叶植物needle-leaved plant2.0612 阔叶植物broad-leaved plant2.0613 斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant2.0614 松柏植物conifer2.0615 常绿植物evergreen plant2.0616 半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant2.0617 不耐寒植物tender plant2.0618 半耐寒植物half-hardy plant2.0619 耐寒植物hardy plant2.0620 耐旱植物drought enduring plant2.0621 山石材料stone material2.0622 昆山石Kunshan stone2.0623 钟乳石stalactite2.0624 灵壁石Lingbi stone2.0625 英德石Yingde stone2.0626青石Qing stone2.0627 宣石Xuan stone2.0628 房山石Fangshan stone2.0629 观赏动物ornamental animal2.0630 观赏鸟类ornamental bird2.0631 观赏兽类ornamental beast2.0632 观赏昆虫类ornamental insect园林机具设备2.0633 园林机械garden machine2.0634 园林工具garden instrument, garden implement 2.0635 园林设备garden equipment2.0636 花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider2.0637 种植容器planting container2.0638 圆木桩log peg2.0639 喷射装置jet bubbler2.0640 滴灌trickle irrigator, drip irrigator2.0641 环动喷灌器circle sprinkler2.0642 圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler2.0643 自控器automatic controller2.0644 管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler2.0645 固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler2.0646 喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler 2.0647 喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage2.0648 草坪加肥器lawn feeder2.0649 施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler2.0650 液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner 2.0651 滴水喷头emitter, dripper2.0652 水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net2.0653苗木包装材料nursery stock package material2.0654 麻布袋burlap bag2.0655 铁丝篮wire basket2.0656 篮状种植器basket container2.0657 塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican2.0658 播种盘seed tray2.0659 网孔盆mesh pot2.0660 含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot2.0661 盆栽机potting machine2.0662 换盆机repotting machine2.0663 再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container2.0664 纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower2.0665 泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter 2.0666 松土除草机cultivator2.0667 旋转锄rotary hoe2.0668 切叶机foliage cutter2.0669 翻地犁uncovering plough2.0670 盖土机mounted spreader2.0671 前悬装土机front mounted loader2.0672 后缀装土机rear mounted loader2.0673 旋轴剪草机spindle mower2.0674 栽植机planting machine2.0675 植物覆盖plant mulching2.0676 覆盖物分散机mulch spreader2.0677 种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder2.0678 修枝剪pruning shear2.0679 播种器garden seeder2.0680 球根种植器bulb planter2.0681 土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer2.0682 巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer2.0683 嫁接刀grafting knife2.0684 温室设备greenhouse equipment2.0685 盆栽灌水系统pot watering system2.0686 温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller2.0687 温室覆盖greenhouse covering2.0688 喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system2.0689 二氧化碳发生器C02 generator2.0690 温度报警钟temperature alarm2.0691 游览车park sightseeing bus2.0692 引剪草机lawn mower2.0693 动力剪草机power lawnmower2.0694 畜力剪草机horse lawnmower2.0695 手推剪草机hand lawnmower2.0696 游人调查visitors investigation2.0697 游人统计visitors statistics2.0698 游人分析garden visitors analysis2.0699 游人管理visitors management2.0700 导游图tourist map2.0701 导游解说tour description and direction2.0702 劳动管理labour management2.0703 物资管理material handling, goods handling2.0704 设备管理equipment management, facility management 2.0705 财务管理financial management2.0706 安全管理safety management2.0707 环境监测environmental monitor2.0708 植物养护管理plant maintenance and management2.0709 园林技术管理garden technical management2.0710 质量管理quality management2.0711 园貌维修garden feature maintenance2.0712 植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning2.0713 植物病虫防治disease and insect control2.0714 园林管理规划management plan2.0715 游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions2.0716 游人规则visitors regulation2.0717 园内交通管理traffic control in park2.0718 园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance2.0719 汽车停车规则parking rules2.0720 自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules2.0721 开放时间opening time2.0722 曰常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management 2.0723 人类生态环境human ecological environment2.0724 自然系统natural system2.0725 自然资源natural resource2.0726 自然保护conservation of nature2.0727 自然保存natural preservation2.0728 环境保护environmental protection2.0729 环境容量environment capacity2.0730 环境适宜性environment fitness2.0731 环境空气质量标准ambient air quality2.0732 共生symbiosis2.0733 互惠共生mutualism2.0734 公害public nuisance2.0735 生态绝灭ecological extinction2.0736 生态系统ecosystem2.0737 生态圈ecosphere2.0738 生态灾难ecological disaster2.0739 环境质量environmental quality2.0740 环境压力environment stress2.0741 生命维持系统life-support system2.0742 反馈系统feedback system2.0743 自养生物autotroph2.0744 异养生物heterotroph2.0745 食物链foodchain2.0746 生物圈biosphere2.0747 濒危植物endangered plant, threatened plant 2.0748 主体群落major community2.0749 人工群落artificial community2.0750 绿色革命green revolution2.0751 户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource2.0752 原始环境系统wilderness environment system 2.0753 近代环境系统modern environment system2.0754 乡村生活模式country life-pattern2.0755 烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution2.0756 雾害fog pollution2.0757 霜害frost injury2.0758 水污染water pollution2.0759 土壤污染soil pollution, soil contamination2.0760 园林小气候garden microclimate2.0761 环境保护植物environmental conservation plant 2.0762 引气候调节climatic regulation2.0763 自动调节机能homeostasis2.0764 生态平衡ecological homeostasis2.0765 森林生态系统forest ecosystem2.0766 草原生态系统prairie ecosystem2.0767 滞尘植物dust holding plant。
园艺专业英语
Aalsmeer 荷兰的一个地名Abbott “艾博特”（猕猴桃品种）abrtion 败育adscission 脱落abscission zone（layer）离区（离层）accentuate 突出，强调，着重强调ackonwledgement n. 承认，确认，感谢acre 英亩acrylic 丙烯酸Actinidia 猕猴桃属actual yield 实际产量adult mite 成虫aechmea fasciata 美叶光萼荷，又名蜻蜓凤梨，淡玫瑰花色aesthetically 审美地，美学观点上的agamous 无性的，无性生殖的age distribution 年龄分布，树龄分布ageing 腐熟，熟化aggregation n. 集合，团聚作用agricultural prodution systen 农业生产系统Agrobacterium tumefaciens 根癌农根菌agroecosystem 农业生态系统agronomic 农艺学的，农事的agronomist n. 农艺学家，农学家alfalfa n.[植] 紫花苜蓿allocation 分配alluvial deposit 冲积物alphabetical 依字母顺序的，字母的alternate bearing 大小年结果amendment 调理剂ample 充足的anatomical 解剖的aneuploid 非整倍性（的）anion 阴离子annual 一年生植物，一季生植物anther 花粉囊，花药anthocyanin [植]炭疽病antibiotic 抗生素anti-drop film 无滴膜antiviral 抗过滤性病原体的，抗病毒的apex 尖，顶端aphid 蚜虫apomixis 单性生殖，孤雌生殖apendix n. 附录，附属品，[解]阑尾apricot 杏aquifer 含水土层，蓄水层aroma 芳香，香气，香味arsenate n.[化]砷酸盐arsenic n.[化]砷，砒霜artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能asphalt-coated wood 涂上一层沥青的木头assimilate 合成代谢产物assimilation 同化，同化作用，吸收associated yield 相关的产量aster 紫菀astringency 涩味astringent 收敛性的，严酷的，涩的asymmetrical 不对称的at normal atmospheric pressure 在标准大气压下atomize 使雾化attached in-line emitter 在制作过程中胶合或焊接在滴灌带（或软管）上的内置式喷头（滴头）attainable yield 可得到的产量attendant 伴随的auxin 生长素avenue 林荫道avocado 油梨axil 叶腋axillary 腋窝的，叶腋的，腋生的Bbacterial 细菌性斑点病bagworm 节草虫bamboo stick 竹片，竹竿barbed inlet 有刺的（具侧刺）的插入物bacterial speck 细菌性叶斑病bed of nursery stock 苗床bedding plant 花坛植物Bemisia tabaci 粉虱bench 长凳，长行工作台，操作台beneficial bacteria 有益细菌bentgrass 翦股颖Bermuda grass 狗牙根bicarbonate of soda 碳酸氢钠，小苏打bio-and photo-degradable 生物/光降解膜bioavailability n. （药物或营养素的）生物药效率，生物利用度bio-inoculate 生物接种biological agent 生物制剂，生物作用biological control 生物防治，生物学控制biomass 生物量biopesticide 生物农药biotechnology 生物技术bitter pit 苦心病bitterness 苦味bivalent 二价的blackberry 黒莓black-yellow striped 黒黄相间带状的bloom 花blossom-end rot（BER）蒂腐blossom-end rot fruit 蒂腐果blueberry 越橘bluegrass 早熟禾bog 沼泽，沼泽地bollworm 棉铃虫bombardment 炮击，轰击border soil 边界土壤，边际土壤，表层土壤botanical 植物性药材，植物学的botanical garden 植物园botanically 植物学上branch 分枝branchlet 细小的枝条broken or dotted line 虚线bruise 搽伤，挫伤Bruno "布鲁诺"（猕猴桃品种）bucket 提篮bud cutting 芽插budding 芽接法budworm 食心虫，卷叶蛾buffer capacity 缓冲能力build 体型bulb 球根，鳞茎bulldozing 推土机推土bumblebee（bumble-bee）熊蜂，土蜂burr （多）刺果皮，（多）刺果，刺球状花序，刺球butterfly bush 大叶醉鱼草Ccalcium n.[化]钙（元素符号Ca）calyx 萼片（总称）cambium 形成层cane hoop 竹竿拱架cane 蔓canopy 冠层，株冠；罩篷，遮篷canopy configuration 冠层结构cantaloupe 罗马甜瓜，香瓜，哈密瓜canvas 帆布cap 罩式覆盖capillary matting 具毛孔的垫子carbonate 碳酸盐；vt.使变成碳酸盐，使充满二氧化碳carnation 香石竹，康乃馨carnation flower 荷兰石竹，康乃馨carotenoid [生化]类胡萝卜素carpel [植]心皮carrying virus 携带病毒catfacing 畸形（果实表面凹凸不平）cation 阳离子cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量catkin 柔荑花序cefotaxime 氨噻肟头孢霉素cellar 地窖，地下室cellophane 玻璃纸胶膜celosia 青葙centipedegrass 百足草central leader 中心领导枝central leader system 中心领导枝树形centrifugal 离心的centrifuge 离心cherry 樱桃chestnut 粟子chewings fescue 紫羊茅Chico '齐克'（猕猴桃品种）Chico Hayward '齐克海沃德'（猕猴桃品种）Chinese gooseberry 中华鹅莓（猕猴桃的原称）chlorophyll 叶绿素chloroplast 叶绿体chlorosis 失绿症，萎黄病，变色病cholesterol 胆甾醇，胆固醇chrysanthemum 菊花circle（or pie）diagram 饼图，圆形图，百分比图clamp 钳clay fraction 黏粒clear film 透明膜clogging adj. 障碍的，阻塞的clonal [生]无性（繁殖）系的clone 无性系，无性繁殖，克隆cluster 串，丛，果穗，（总状）花序coconut椰子cognizance 认识，识别coincubate 共培养coir pith（coconuts）椰子壳纤维colchicine 秋水仙碱，秋水仙素cold-and hot-frame 阳畦和温床collaborative adj. 合作的，协作的，协力完成的colloidal adj. 胶状的，胶质的commercial fertilizer 化肥，商业化肥commercial horticulture 商品化园艺，市场化园艺commodity 商品common era 基督时代与公元相符合的时期compact plant 紧凑的株型compost 堆肥composted bark（bark compost）混合树皮compound pinnate [植]羽状复叶concomitant noxious gases 伴随的有害气体consecutive adj. 连续的，连贯的conservation of energy [物]能量守恒conservation of mass [物]质量守恒conservatory 暖房，温室consistent 一致的conspicuous 显而易见的consultancy bureaus 顾问局container-grown nursery stock 容器中栽培的苗木contaminant 污染物control daylength 控制日长controlled environment agriculture （CEA）控制环境农业cooling n. 冷却，adj. 冷却的corolla 花冠corsage 装饰女服上身或肩部的小花束cosmos 大波斯菊cost management 成本管理cotton aphid 棉蚜cotyledon 子叶cranberry 大果酸果蔓，蔓越橘creeping red fescue 匍匐紫羊茅crispness 脆crop condition 作物状况crop planning 种植计划crop vitality 作物的活力或生命力cross 杂交cross-pollination 异花授粉crotch 树杈cu ft 立方英尺cucurbit plant 葫芦科作物cultivar 品种cultivation under cover 保护地栽培cultural practice 栽培措施，栽培技术，栽培实践culture system 栽培系统curb 路边currant 黒醋粟cut flower 切花，鲜切花cutting 插枝，插穗cyanobacteria 蓝藻细菌cyclamen 仙客来cyme 聚伞花序cytokinin 细胞激动素Ddead load 恒载decaying manure or compost 腐熟的农家肥或堆肥deciduous 落叶的，脱落的deciduous plant 落叶植物decimal adj. 十进的，小数的，以十为基础的；n. 小数，十进制Decision Support Systems（DSS）决策支持系统decomposition n. 分解，腐烂deduce vt. 推论，演绎出defect 缺陷deficiency symptom 缺素症deficient 缺少，不足defoliate 除叶，使…落叶deformation 变形，变态，形变，畸形dehvdrated scale 脱水鳞片dehydration 脱水delicate 容易损坏的delphinidin 飞燕草色素depletion 损耗desaturase 去饱和酶deterioration 腐烂detract 转移devise vt. 设计，发明，图谋，做出（计划），想出（办法），遗赠给dew point 露点diabase 辉绿岩Dianthus 石竹dicotyledonous 双子叶植物的DIF temperature 昼夜逆温差dilution 稀释，稀释法，冲淡物dimension n. 尺寸，尺度，维（数），度（数），元dioecious 雌雄异体（株）的dioecism 雌雄异株，雌雄异体Diospyros kaki 柿diploid 二倍体（的），双重的，倍数的，双倍的，倍数染色体directional stimuli 定向刺激，定向促进disarmed strain 可转化态菌株disbud 除芽discing 圆盘耙耙地，圆盘耙耙作disinfectant 杀菌剂disjointed 脱节的，杂乱的disorder 病dispersion 分散（体，相，体系，作用，系统）；弥散（现象），色（消）散，散射，传播，悬漂（液）disposable income 纯收入disposal of waste plastic 废旧塑料的处理distal end 末端distilled water 蒸馏水ditch for against freezing 防寒沟divert 转向domesticate 驯养，驯化domesticated animal 驯养动物dominant 优势的dormancy 冬眠double cap 双层罩式覆盖double-light frame 双面进光骨架double-roofed glasshouse 双屋面温室drip irrigation system 滴灌系统drip irrigation 滴灌drip tape 滴灌带driving force 驱动力drop condensation 冷凝滴水drupe 核果dry matter content 干物质含量durability 耐久性Dutch lights 荷兰土温室dwarf cultivar 矮化品种dwarfing rootstock 矮化砧dynamic flowers 动态花卉Eearly blight 早疫病ebb-and-flood 落潮涨潮，水位的降低和升高ecology 生态学egg 卵elaborate adj. 精心制作的，详细阐述的，精细；vt. 精心制作，详细阐述electrical conductivity（EC）电导度electrodyne 静电喷雾器elcit 引起emasculate 使弱embed 嵌入embryo 胚，胚胎emissivity 发射率emitter 发射器，喷头，滴头emotional value 情感方面的价值Encarsia formosa 一种小的寄生蜂enclosure n. 围住，围栏encode 编码，把…译成电码，代码化endogenous 内源的，内生的endosperm [植]胚乳endosulfan 硫丹energy balance 能量平衡energy expenditure 能量支出，能量花费energy saving 节能energy-saving greenhouse 节能温室enhance 改进enrichment 增添entity 实体environmentally-conscious 具有环境意识的enzyme 酶epidermis 表皮equilibrium n. 平衡，平静，均衡，保持平衡的能力erect 直立的（茎）ethnic 不同民族的ethylene 乙烯Eucalyptus 桉树evaporation n. 蒸发（作用）even-span greenhouse 等屋面温室even-span 等屋面的exogenous 外生的，[地]外成的。
园艺专业英语考试重点知识汇总
园艺专业英语考试重点知识汇总Lesson 1 The History and the Development of Protected Cultivation保护地栽培（设施栽培）的历史与发展1. It includes a discussion of protected cropping in cold-and hot-frames glass cloches lean-to houses winter gardens orangeries conservatories and glasshouses in their varied forms and plastic-clad plant enclosures of all sizes ranging from low tunnels walk-in tunnels to large plastic houses它包括一系列利用冷床、温床、玻璃罩、单屋顶温室、冬季花园、橘园、暖房和不同形式的玻璃温室和塑料覆盖，包括小拱棚、中棚（人能在其中行走）和塑料大棚中对园艺作物进行保护性种植的讨论。
2. the greenhouse is defined as a transparent enclosure designed to grow or temporarily protect plants Thus the definition does not include enclosures for growing mushrooms or tissue cultures.温室定义为：旨在生长和临时保护作物的透明覆盖物。
因而这个定义不包括食用菌和组织培养的设施3. Chinese plant culture may have included greenhouses that according to tradition go back to antiquity A Chinese greenhouse consisted of a brick wall oriented east-west. On its southern side, a transparent surface consisting of bamboo sticks covered with oiled paper was placed at an angle 30。
园艺技术专业英语
园艺技术专业英语Horticultural TechnologyHorticultural technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge and techniques in the cultivation, propagation, and management of plants for various purposes, such as food production, landscaping, and ornamental purposes. This field of study is often pursued as a major or specialization within the larger field of horticulture.Below are some commonly used terms and phrases in English related to horticultural technology:1. Plant propagation - The process of reproducing and multiplying plants through various methods such as seed sowing, cutting, grafting, and tissue culture.2. Plant breeding - The deliberate manipulation and selection of desirable traits in plants to create new varieties or hybrids with improved characteristics.3. Pest management - The control and prevention of pests and diseases that can damage plants, using integrated pest management strategies that emphasize biological, cultural, and chemical control methods.4. Irrigation systems - The mechanisms and processes used to deliver water to plants in a controlled manner, ensuring optimal hydration without wastage.5. Greenhouse technology - The design, construction, and management of controlled environment structures, called greenhouses, to provide optimal growing conditions for plants throughout the year.6. Soil fertility - The ability of soil to provide essential nutrients and support plant growth, including the use of fertilizers, organic matter, and soil amendments to enhance soil fertility.7. Plant nutrition - The study of essential nutrients required by plants for their growth and development, including the understanding of nutrient deficiencies and the application of fertilizers or nutrient supplements.8. Plant physiology - The study of how plants function and respond to their environment, including processes such as photosynthesis, transpiration, and hormone regulation.9. Landscape design - The art and science of planning and arranging outdoor spaces, incorporating plants, hardscapes, and other elements to create aesthetically pleasing and functional landscapes.10. Arboriculture - The cultivation, management, and study of trees, including practices such as tree pruning, tree care, and tree risk assessment.11. Turf management - The science and practice of maintaining and caring for grass surfaces, such as lawns and sports fields, including practices such as mowing, fertilization, and pest control.12. Floriculture - The cultivation and industry associated with growing flowers and ornamental plants for purposes such as cut flowers, potted plants, and floral arrangements.Note: The information provided is a basic overview and may not cover all aspects of horticultural technology. Vocabulary and concepts may vary depending on the specific region or institution.。
园艺专业英语期末考试资料
园艺专业英语期末考试资料与地面成30°-40°夹角的竹竿，且竹竿上表面覆盖了一层透明的油纸。
2.As a result of evaporation蒸腾作用，光合作用和呼吸作用的结果是影响作物二氧化碳质量的平衡和大气水蒸气压及能量平衡。
3.At full cover，the growth rate of field crops总体来说，田间作物生长速率典型的在150-300Kg/公顷/d的干物质积累量，这些被认为潜在的生物速率和产量有关。
4.Any severe imbalance or对于一种营养元素，无论是严重的不平衡还是缺乏，都会阻碍植物的正常发育。
外观品质的内容包括大小，形态，整齐度，颜色，光泽和少许由于物理和机械损伤造成的瑕疵，生理失调，或者昆虫和微生物的附着。
6.But because of an expanding root system但是因为根系的伸长，持续对P的吸收和对其需要量的减少，P不再是限制的因素，植物生长最终的限制因素是它们从土壤中能吸收的缺乏。
7.Biological factors involved使采后农产品质量下降的生物因素包括呼吸作用，乙烯的生成，成份的改变，水分的损失，物理损伤，生理衰竭和病理损害。
/doc/973198402.html,post can be不仅农家肥而且植物的残枝败叶都可以形成堆肥，并且有时加入化学肥料为了增加对植物生长的影响。
9.Controlled environment agriculture has gained in受控环境下农业已经被增加在园艺生产上的重要性，不仅在蔬菜和观赏作物生产中，而且在用种子或组织培养形成的幼苗生产过程中也很重要。
10.Crop growth rate may be limited by low作物的生长速率可能被限制，因为低的过磷酸钙的供应和土壤中其他矿质营养的缺乏，至少在生长季节和水分缺少或者其他因素。
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Aalsmeer 荷兰的一个地名Abbott “艾博特”（猕猴桃品种）abortion 败育abscission 脱落abscission zone（layer）离区（离层）accentuate 突出，强调，着重强调acknowledgment n. 承认，确认，感谢acre 英亩acrylic 丙烯酸Actinidia 猕猴桃属actual yield 实际产量adult mite 成虫aechmea fascinata 美叶光萼荷，又名蜻蜓凤梨，淡玫瑰花色aesthetically 审美地，美学观点上的agamous 无性的，无性生殖的age distribution 年龄分布，树龄分布aging 腐熟，熟化aggregation n. 集合，团聚作用agricultural production system 农业生产系统Agrobacterium tumefaciens 根癌农根菌Agricultural ecosystem 农业生态系统agronomic 农艺学的，农事的agronomist n. 农艺学家，农学家alfalfa n.[植] 紫花苜蓿allocation 分配alluvial deposit 冲积物alphabetical 依字母顺序的，字母的alternate bearing 大小年结果amendment 调理剂ample 充足的anatomical 解剖的aneuploid 非整倍性（的）anion 阴离子annual 一年生植物，一季生植物anther 花粉囊，花药anthocyanin [植]炭疽病antibiotic 抗生素anti-drop film 无滴膜antiviral 抗过滤性病原体的，抗病毒的apex 尖，顶端aphid 蚜虫apomixis 单性生殖，孤雌生殖apendix n. 附录，附属品，[解]阑尾apricot 杏aquifer 含水土层，蓄水层aroma 芳香，香气，香味arsenate n.[化]砷酸盐arsenic n.[化]砷，砒霜artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能asphalt-coated wood 涂上一层沥青的木头assimilate 合成代谢产物assimilation 同化，同化作用，吸收associated yield 相关的产量aster 紫菀astringency 涩味astringent 收敛性的，严酷的，涩的asymmetrical 不对称的at normal atmospheric pressure 在标准大气压下atomize 使雾化attached in-line emitter 在制作过程中胶合或焊接在滴灌带（或软管）上的内置式喷头（滴头）attainable yield 可得到的产量attendant 伴随的auxin 生长素avenue 林荫道avocado 油梨axil 叶腋axillary 腋窝的，叶腋的，腋生的Bbacterial 细菌性斑点病bagworm 节草虫bamboo stick 竹片，竹竿barbed inlet 有刺的（具侧刺）的插入物bacterial speck 细菌性叶斑病bed of nursery stock 苗床bedding plant 花坛植物aleyrodid 粉虱bench 长凳，长行工作台，操作台beneficial bacteria 有益细菌bentgrass 翦股颖Bermuda grass 狗牙根bicarbonate of soda 碳酸氢钠，小苏打bio-and photo-degradable 生物/光降解膜bioavailability n. （药物或营养素的）生物药效率，生物利用度bio-inoculate 生物接种biological agent 生物制剂，生物作用biological control 生物防治，生物学控制biomass 生物量biopesticide 生物农药biotechnology 生物技术bitter pit 苦心病bitterness 苦味bivalent 二价的blackberry 黒莓black-yellow striped 黒黄相间带状的bloom 花blossom-end rot（BER）蒂腐blossom-end rot fruit 蒂腐果blueberry 越橘bluegrass 早熟禾bog 沼泽，沼泽地bollworm 棉铃虫bombardment 炮击，轰击border soil 边界土壤，边际土壤，表层土壤botanical 植物性药材，植物学的botanical garden 植物园botanically 植物学上branch 分枝branchlet 细小的枝条broken or dotted line 虚线bruise 搽伤，挫伤Bruno "布鲁诺"（猕猴桃品种）bucket 提篮bud cutting 芽插budding 芽接法budworm 食心虫，卷叶蛾buffer capacity 缓冲能力build 体型bulb 球根，鳞茎bulldozing 推土机推土bumblebee（bumble-bee）熊蜂，土蜂burr （多）刺果皮，（多）刺果，刺球状花序，刺球butterfly bush 大叶醉鱼草C calcium n.[化]钙（元素符号Ca）calyx 萼片（总称）cambium 形成层cane hoop 竹竿拱架cane 蔓canopy 冠层，株冠；罩篷，遮篷canopy configuration 冠层结构cantaloupe 罗马甜瓜，香瓜，哈密瓜canvas 帆布cap 罩式覆盖capillary matting 具毛孔的垫子carbonate 碳酸盐；vt.使变成碳酸盐，使充满二氧化碳carnation 香石竹，康乃馨carnation flower 荷兰石竹，康乃馨carotenoid [生化]类胡萝卜素carpel [植]心皮carrying virus 携带病毒catfacing 畸形（果实表面凹凸不平）cation 阳离子cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量catkin 柔荑花序cellar 地窖，地下室cellophane 玻璃纸胶膜celosia 青葙central leader 中心领导枝central leader system 中心领导枝树形centrifugal 离心的centrifuge 离心cherry 樱桃chestnut 粟子Chico '齐克'（猕猴桃品种）Chico Hayward '齐克海沃德'（猕猴桃品种）Chinese gooseberry 中华鹅莓（猕猴桃的原称）chlorophyll 叶绿素chloroplast 叶绿体chlorosis 失绿症，萎黄病，变色病cholesterol 胆甾醇，胆固醇chrysanthemum 菊花circle（or pie）diagram 饼图，圆形图，百分比图clamp 钳clay fraction 黏粒clear film 透明膜clogging adj. 障碍的，阻塞的clonal [生]无性（繁殖）系的clone 无性系，无性繁殖，克隆cluster 串，丛，果穗，（总状）花序coconut椰子cognizance 认识，识别coincubate 共培养coir pith（coconuts）椰子壳纤维colchicine 秋水仙碱，秋水仙素cold-and hot-frame 阳畦和温床collaborative adj. 合作的，协作的，协力完成的colloidal adj. 胶状的，胶质的commercial fertilizer 化肥，商业化肥commercial horticulture 商品化园艺，市场化园艺commodity 商品common era 基督时代与公元相符合的时期compact plant 紧凑的株型compost 堆肥composted bark（bark compost）混合树皮compound pinnate [植]羽状复叶concomitant noxious gases 伴随的有害气体consecutive adj. 连续的，连贯的conservation of energy [物]能量守恒conservation of mass [物]质量守恒conservatory 暖房，温室consistent 一致的conspicuous 显而易见的consultancy bureaus 顾问局container-grown nursery stock 容器中栽培的苗木contaminant 污染物control day length 控制日长controlled environment agriculture （CEA）控制环境农业cooling n. 冷却，adj. 冷却的corolla 花冠corsage 装饰女服上身或肩部的小花束cosmos 大波斯菊cost management 成本管理cotton aphid 棉蚜cotyledon 子叶cranberry 大果酸果蔓，蔓越橘creeping red fescue 匍匐紫羊茅crispness 脆crop condition 作物状况crop planning 种植计划crop vitality 作物的活力或生命力cross 杂交cross-pollination 异花授粉crotch 树杈cu ft 立方英尺cucurbit plant 葫芦科作物cultivar 品种cultivation under cover 保护地栽培cultural practice 栽培措施，栽培技术，栽培实践culture system 栽培系统curb 路边currant 黒醋粟cut flower 切花，鲜切花cutting 插枝，插穗cyanobacteria 蓝藻细菌cyclamen 仙客来cyme 聚伞花序cytokinin 细胞激动素Ddead load 恒载decaying manure or compost 腐熟的农家肥或堆肥deciduous 落叶的，脱落的deciduous plant 落叶植物decimal adj. 十进的，小数的，以十为基础的；n. 小数，十进制Decision Support Systems（DSS）决策支持系统decomposition n. 分解，腐烂educe vt. 推论，演绎出defect 缺陷deficiency symptom 缺素症deficient 缺少，不足defoliate 除叶，使…落叶deformation 变形，变态，形变，畸形dehvdrated scale 脱水鳞片dehydration 脱水delicate 容易损坏的depletion 损耗desaturase 去饱和酶deterioration 腐烂detract 转移devise vt. 设计，发明，图谋，做出（计划），想出（办法），遗赠给dew point 露点diabase 辉绿岩Dianthus 石竹dicotyledonous 双子叶植物的DIF temperature 昼夜逆温差dilution 稀释，稀释法，冲淡物dimension n. 尺寸，尺度，维（数），度（数），元dioecious 雌雄异体（株）的dioecism 雌雄异株，雌雄异体Diospyros kaki 柿diploid 二倍体（的），双重的，倍数的，双倍的，倍数染色体directional stimuli 定向刺激，定向促进disarmed strain 可转化态菌株disbud 除芽discing 圆盘耙耙地，圆盘耙耙作disinfectant 杀菌剂disjointed 脱节的，杂乱的disorder 病dispersion 分散（体，相，体系，作用，系统）；弥散（现象），色（消）散，散射，传播，悬漂（液）disposable income 纯收入disposal of waste plastic 废旧塑料的处理distal end 末端distilled water 蒸馏水ditch for against freezing 防寒沟divert 转向domesticate 驯养，驯化domesticated animal 驯养动物dominant 优势的dormancy 冬眠double cap 双层罩式覆盖double-light frame 双面进光骨架double-roofed glasshouse 双屋面温室drip irrigation system 滴灌系统drip irrigation 滴灌drip tape 滴灌带driving force 驱动力drop condensation 冷凝滴水drupe 核果dry matter content 干物质含量durability 耐久性Dutch lights 荷兰土温室dwarf cultivar 矮化品种dwarfing rootstock 矮化砧dynamic flowers 动态花卉Eearly blight 早疫病ebb-and-flood 落潮涨潮，水位的降低和升高ecology 生态学egg 卵elaborate adj. 精心制作的，详细阐述的，精细；vt. 精心制作，详细阐述electrical conductivity（EC）电导度electrodyne 静电喷雾器elicit 引出，诱出emasculate 使弱embed 嵌入embryo 胚，胚胎emissivity 发射率emitter 发射器，喷头，滴头emotional value 情感方面的价值enclosure n. 围住，围栏encode 编码，把…译成电码，代码化endogenous 内源的，内生的endosperm [植]胚乳endosulfan 硫丹energy balance 能量平衡energy expenditure 能量支出，能量花费energy saving 节能energy-saving greenhouse 节能温室enhance 改进enrichment 增添entity 实体environmentally-conscious 具有环境意识的enzyme 酶epidermis 表皮equilibrium n. 平衡，平静，均衡，保持平衡的能力erect 直立的（茎）ethnic 不同民族的ethylene 乙烯Eucalyptus 桉树evaporation n. 蒸发（作用）even-span greenhouse 等屋面温室even-span 等屋面的exogenous 外生的，[地]外成的。