public speaking 2
The Art of Public Speaking Chapter2
The Art of Public SpeakingCHAPTER 02 CONCENTRATION IN DELIVERY Try to rub the top of your head forward and backward at the same time that you are patting your chest. Unless your powers of co-ordination are well developed you will find it confusing, if not impossible. The brain needs special training before it can do two or more things efficiently at the same instant. It may seem like splitting a hair between its north and northwest corner, but some psychologists argue that no brain can think two distinct thoughts, absolutely simultaneously--that what seems to be simultaneous is really very rapid rotation from the first thought to the second and back again, just as in the above-cited experiment the attention must shift from one hand to the other until one or the other movement becomes partly or wholly automatic.Whatever is the psychological truth of this contention it is undeniable that the mind measurably loses grip on one idea the moment the attention is projected decidedly ahead to a second or a third idea.A fault in public speakers that is as pernicious as it is common is that they try to think of the succeeding sentence while still uttering the former, and in this way their concentration trails off; in consequence, they start their sentences strongly and end them weakly. In a well-prepared written speech the emphatic word usually comes at one end of the sentence. But an emphatic word needs emphatic expression, and this is precisely what it does not get when concentration flags by leaping too soon to that which is next to be uttered. Concentrate all your mental energies on the present sentence. Remember that the mind of your audience follows yours very closely, and if you withdraw your attention from what you are saying to what you are going to say, your audience will also withdraw theirs. They may not do so consciously and deliberately, but they will surely cease to give importance to the things that you yourself slight. It is fatal to either the actor or the speaker to cross his bridges too soon.Of course, all this is not to say that in the natural pauses of your speech you are not to take swift forward surveys--they are as important as the forward look in driving a motor car; the caution is of quite another sort: while speaking one sentence do not think of the sentence to follow. Let it come from its proper source--within yourself. You cannot deliver a broadside without concentrated force--that is what produces the explosion. In preparation you store and concentrate thought and feeling; in the pauses during delivery you swiftly look ahead and gather yourself for effective attack; during the moments of actual speech, SPEAK--DON'T ANTICIPATE. Divide your attention and you divide your power.This matter of the effect of the inner man upon the outer needs a further word here, particularly as touching concentration."What do you read, my lord?" Hamlet replied, "Words. Words. Words." That is a world-old trouble. The mechanical calling of words is not expression, by a long stretch. Did you ever notice how hollow a memorized speech usually sounds? You have listened to the ranting, mechanical cadence of inefficient actors, lawyers and preachers. Their trouble is a mental one--they are not concentratedly thinking thoughts that cause words to issue with sincerity and conviction, but are merely enunciating word-soundsmechanically. Painful experience alike to audience and to speaker! A parrot is equally eloquent. Again let Shakespeare instruct us, this tune in the insincere prayer of the King, Hamlet's uncle. He laments thus pointedly:My words fly up, my thoughts remain below: Words without thoughts never to heaven go.The truth is, that as a speaker your words must be born again every time they are spoken, then they will not suffer in their utterance, even though perforce committed to memory and repeated. Such speeches lose nothing by repetition for the perfectly patent reason that they arise from concentrated thought and feeling and not a mere necessity for saying something--which usually means anything, and that, in turn, is tantamount to nothing. If the thought beneath your words is warm, fresh, spontaneous, a part of your self, your utterance will have breath and life. Words are only a result. Do not try to get the result without stimulating the cause.Do you ask how to concentrate? Think of the word itself, and of its philological brother, concentric. Think of how a lens gathers and concenters the rays of light within a given circle. It centers them by a process of withdrawal. It may seem like a harsh saying, but the man who cannot concentrate is either weak of will, a nervous wreck, or has never learned what will-power is good for.You must concentrate by resolutely withdrawing your attention from everything else. If you concentrate your thought on a pain which may be afflicting you, that pain will grow more intense. "Count your blessings" and they will multiply. Center your thought on your strokes and your tennis play will gradually improve. To concentrate is simply to attend to one thing, and attend to nothing else. If you find that you cannot do that, there is something wrong--attend to that first. Remove the cause and the symptom will disappear. Cultivate your will by willing and then doing, at all costs. Concentrate--and you will win.。
公共英语二级PETS2Unit08
Reading exercises
Multiple choice questions
True/False questions
Giving options and asking the reader to choose the correct answer.
Asking the reader to determine whether a statement is true or false based on the information given.
Reading comprehension exercises
Students will read a range of texts, including stories, articles, and reports, and answer comprehension questions.
Grammar and vocabulary exercises
Gapfilling exercises
In these exercises, students listen to a recording and fill in missing information or complete sentences.
Analysis of Listening Materials
01
Unit Overview
Unit objectives
Language skills development: This unit aims to improve students' proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
reading skill
Public Speaking Lec 2
Spatial Order
•
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the three major regions in Italy. • Central Idea: Northern, central, and southern Italy have their own identities and attractions. • Main Points:
Regular exercise increases your endurance. Regular exercise improves your sleeping pattern. Regular exercise helps control your weight
Balance the Amount of Time Devoted to Main Points
Try to Use the Same Pattern of Wording for Main Points
Regular exercise increases your endurance. Your sleeping pattern is improved by regular exercise. It is possible to help control your weight by regular exercise.
•
I. One part of practicing yoga involves proper breathing.
II. Another part of yoga involves body postures.
•
Keep Main Points Separate
公共英语考试二级口语辅导范文(2)
公共英语考试二级口语辅导范文（2）They go to the sports park to set off the sky lanternMorley：I know what I’m going to wish for.Kathy：What’s that? A new girlfriend?Morley： No. That I can be an aikido master like you.Kathy： Ha-ha. You know, these lanterns were originally used in wars.Morley： Really? Did they set them off as a signal to attack?Kathy： No, the Han Chinese in Pinghsi used them to let women and children know that it was safe to go home after an attack by the aborigines.Morley： No wonder they came to represent peace.他们到运动公园放天灯莫理：我知道我要许什么愿了。
卡西：什么?交新女朋友?莫理：不是。
我希望能成为像你一样的合气道高手。
卡西：哈哈。
你知道吗，这些天灯一开始是在战争时用的。
莫理：真的?放天灯表示进攻的信号吗卡西：不是，平溪的汉人放天灯告知女人及小孩原住民的攻击已经结束，可以平安回家了。
莫理：难怪天灯象征和平。
重点解说：set off 发射signal (n.) 信号attack (v.) 攻击aborigine (n.) 原住民represent (v.) 代表。
Public Speaking 2：Selecting a Topic
List 5 examples of possible topics for a persuasive speech. Then discuss these possible topics with your desk partner and why you think they would be a good topic for an informative speech. Be ready to share your topic with the class.
How to improve your oral English
3.
4.
Topic: How to choose a college or university in the U.S.A Distance from home: How close is the University to
Am I really interested in this topic?
Do I have knowledge about this topic?
Have I read a lot about the topic? What aspect of this topic is controversial?
Topic: Bilingual education in the University will
help development of the country and will help all students regardless of their major
Reason why this is a good topic:
Discuss the following question with your Desk partner: “Currently, there are quite a few universities where English is used as an instructive language. What are the benefits and disadvantages of bilingual education?” Pg. 17
国内外quot;公众演讲quot;(publicspeaking)课程简介
国内外"公众演讲"(publicspeaking)课程简介篇一：public speaking 公共演讲The hardworking blacksmith used to work all day in his shop and he was so hard-working that at times he would make the sparks fly from his hammer.The son of Mr. Smith, a rich neighbor, used to come to see the blacksmith every day. And for hours and hours he would enjoy watching how the man worked."Young man, why don't you try to learn to make shoe tacks, even if it is only to pass the time" The blacksmith asked, "One day, it may help you."The lazy boy began to see what he could do. But after a little practice, he found that he was becoming very skilled and soon he could make some of the finest tacks.Old Mr. Smith died and the son lost all his goods because of the war. He had to leave home and was forced to take up residence in anothercountry. It happened in this village, there were numerous shoemakers. They were spending a lot ofmoney to buy tacks for their shoes. Although they paid high prices, they were not always able to get what they wanted, because in that part of the country there was a high demand for soldier shoes.Our young Mr. Smith, who was finding it difficult to earn his daily bread, remembered that once upon a time he had learned the art of making tacks. He had the sudden idea of making a bargain with the shoemakers. He told them that he would make the tacks if they would help to get him settled in his own workshop. The shoemakers were only too glad of the offer. And after a while, Mr. Smith found that he was soon making the finest tacks in the village."How funny it seems," he used to say, "Even making tacks can bring a fortune. My trade is more useful to me than all my former riches."If the young Smith refused to learn to make tacks, this tiring skill when he was rich, how can he keep alive while he lost everythingA small decision may change your life.篇二：口译课程大纲Framework of the CourseI. The Basics and Basic Principles in Consecutive Interpreting什么是口译？口译和笔译有何不同口译的方式和口译的类型口译的质量要求译员的素质要求口译的大体步骤和工作原理II．Listening in CI:从语音听辨到语流听辨从听词到听意意群切分主题信息识别及提取III. Memory in CI:口译记忆的基本原理逻辑线索及信息整合口译记忆的技能言语类型分析IV．Numbers in CI数字口译基本方式数字和信息的结合V．Language Transfer in CI口译中的句法转化VI．Coping Tactics in CI口译中临场应变技巧VII．Note taking in CI记什么？怎么记？（格式问题）缩写和符号的利用记录语言何时开始记怎么读取笔记VIII．Public Speaking为何要训练公众演讲公众演讲技巧如何克服口译现场的怯场IVV. How to Prepare a Conference译前准备篇三：公共演讲的益处Benefits of Public Speaking公共演讲的好处Benefits of Public SpeakingPublic speaking is bothinteresting and challenging. It is interesting because it asks you to come to abetter understanding of human nature and human communication. It is challengingbecause it asks you to take a risk, to put yourself in a situation where youcan succeed or fail in your effort to make a difference. As you go further,however, you will find more benefits of public speaking go beyond learning howto express yourself orally. The process of your speaking improvessuchpractical skills as the following:公众演讲既有趣也有挑战性。
小学生英语 Public Speaking 训练方法初探
小学生英语 Public Speaking 训练方法初探摘要：Public speaking能力是人的素养、能力和智慧等方面的一种综合反映，尤其在信息化时代，有效的Public speaking是获得机会的开始，是成为世界衡量"国际化人才"的必备条件之一。
笔者认为Public speaking是建立在知识应用、逻辑思维、技巧把握等基础上的语言表达。
实践也证明Public speaking能力并非天生而成，而是通过信息筛选、组织构思、演讲技巧在内的系统能力培养和训练而成。
本课题主要根据儿童的生理特点及认知特点,通过参与式、体验式训练方式,对如何提高学生的英语组织能力、表达能力、沟通技巧和自信心等方面进行了初步实践和探索。
关键词：小学生 English Public Speaking 训练方法一、课题研究的背景和意义Public speaking实质上是指在公众场所面向大众针对某个具体问题，鲜明、完整地发表自己的见解和主张，阐明事理或抒发情感，进行宣传鼓动的正式的语言交际活动。
1Public speaking在全球范围内已有几千年的研究历史了，Public speaking在教育领域和公众生活中发挥着中心作用，而且被广泛地研究。
大量的研究证实，优秀的演讲者更愿意倾听他人，更容易获得别人的信赖和尊重演讲越成功，从而容易获得成功。
当今世界，美国孩子在小学时就要接受Public speaking教育，孩子们在课堂上经常要就命题进行Public speaking，表达自己的思想，所以国际竞争中美国人通常都能清晰、完整的表达自己的观点并据理力争，很少出现"怯场"情况，形成潜在强大气场，成为工作的主导者和领导者。
在中国，随着社会和经济的发展,少年儿童的早期教育越来越受到学校和家长的重视,特别是在培养孩子的语言表达能力中,更多的学校和家长越来越重视孩子们的英语能力的培养，对孩子能够拥有English public speaking能力更是寄以厚望。
Public_Speaking_for___Interpretation
What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up. But there is something you need to understand: no pains, no gains. Failure is the mother of success, before you quit, try to do it one more time. As a matter of fact, the good way to success is keep your direction and stick to your goal. Direction is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and helping you overcome difficulties on your way. Otherwise, you will easily get lost and won’t know where to go. You can try to write you aims on paper and make some plans to achieve it. In this way, you will know how to arrange you time and spend it properly. And you should also have a belief that you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.
练习三：听下面的演讲，体会演讲者语速变化带来的 效果。
public speaking 2
Public Speaking Skills II
Important Aspects of Presentation
1. Body Language 2. Articulation 3. Pronunciation 4. Pitch
5. Speed 6. Pauses 7. Volume 8. Quality 9. Variance
CONNECTIVES
Four Types of Connectives
1. 2. 3. 4. Transitions Internal Previews Internal Summaries Signposts
1. Transition
A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another.
“In addition to … “Now that we’ve seen… “Not only… “So the eቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱidence is… “Let’s look at…
2. Internal Preview
A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.
CONNECTIVES
* Remember that connectives can help to tie your speech together. * Using them effectively will make your speeches more unified and coherent.
Public Speaking2
One CONCLUSION
Homework for next week!
Bring an updated copy of your speech. Change the things I told you to change!
Class work today!
You have 15 minutes to prepare a speech.
How to organize a speech?
If your speech is divided in INTRODUCTION, BODY and CONCLUSION, you will probably get a really gFra bibliotekod mark!
If your speech is too short, poorly written and poorly organized, then you will get a really low mark! We can now hear your speech!
must divide your body in many paragraphs (段). This part includes all the main information.
3. CONCLUSION = The conclusion should be
something different from the introduction. Make a conclusion about your topic. Something you feel or you think about it.
In the remaining weeks I will give 0-20 points for attendance (=coming to class)… …and 0-20 for class participation, depending if you tried to speak English in class! If you chat or disturb the class, you can get 0!
Public speaking 英语演讲要求
Public speaking 英语演讲∙Definition: Public speaking is an important skill,not only for academic life, but also for life in theworkplace.∙Websites for public speaking: t his is the main website for NFL, (National Forensic League. It is an organization that governs debating in the U. S.) this website has audio files and/or text of the 100 most famous American speeches given in the modern era, one of which is “I have a Dream” by Martin Luther King.∙The types of speeches:∙Impromptu speeches: students will make a 3 minute speech on a variety of topics in which they have only two minutes of preparation. Impromptuspeeches don‟t use visual aids or note cards.∙Dramatic interpretation, poetry interpretation, prose interpretation, or humorous speeches: Students will select a passage from a piece of literature,memorize it, and then give a brief introduction to it and dramatically recite itfrom memory in front of the class. (5 to 8 minutes)∙Original oratory: Students will research and write a speech on a topic of their choosing, and memorize it. Notes: many orations deal with a currentproblem and propose a solution, and yet, this is not the only acceptable formof oratory. Your oration may simply alert the audience to a threateningdanger, strengthen its devotion to an accepted cause, or eulogize a person. Anorator is given free choice of subject and judged solely on the effectivenessof development and presentation.∙Oral Presentation RubricHere are some of the things that you should keep in mind when giving oral presentations and speeches. Teachers use many of the following criteria to evaluate your speeches. Please note that some of the following items don‟t pertain to certain types of speechesDelivery:This section assesses how well the presentation is “delivered.”It includes the following areas:∙Speech style: What style of delivery does the speaker employ: does he or she read his presentation from a script or does he or she use note cards or anoutline as a memory prompt and then speak extemporaneously, or does he orshe speak solely from memory? The scripted style is more accurate but notvery dynamic or engaging. The extemporaneous style is more flexible andmore dynamic but can result in errors from a faulty memory. Thememorized speech is the most flexible, but also the most prone to committingerrors.∙Eye contact: Does the presenter establish eye contact with the audience throughout his/her presentation? Good eye contact can help to establish agood rapport with the audience and keep their attention focused on thespeaker.∙Voice Quality: This includes the volume of the spea ker‟s voice, how well the speaker projects his or her voice, and the tone and pitch of the speaker‟svoice.∙Non-verbal gestures: Speakers communicate not only with the words they speak, but also with their bodies and their gestures. Hand gestures, facialgestures, and body posture are some of the things that can enhance apresentation or detract from it if not used effectively.∙Repetition: Does the speaker repeat words, phrases to excess? Some key concepts or key vocabulary items in a presentation are worthy of repetition;other times, nervous speakers tend to be overly repetitious, which causes thepresentation to drag and become tedious. Also, does the speaker use “vocalpauses” excessively?Vocal pauses are words or phrases such as “um,”“uh,” “okay,” “all right,” “you know,” and the ubiquitous “like” that thespeaker unconsciously uses to fill in any pauses in his or her presentation).∙Interactivity: Does the presenter attempt to include his audience by asking questions, making them perform exercises, or discussing? Most forms ofdebate have little if any interactivity in them.∙Length: Is the presentation of appropriate length? Overly long presentations or presentations that are tooShort may adversely affect the quality of the presentation.English ability:This section assesses the speaker‟s English ability during the presentation:∙Pronunciation: This assesses both a speaker‟s “accent” as well as his or her ability to pronounce English words correctly and apply appropriatestress. Ac cent refers to how much a speaker‟s first language interferes withhis or pronunciation of English sounds (e.g. …th‟ sounds, …l and n‟ sounds, …r‟sounds, etc.)∙Oral fluency: This assesses the rhythm and rate of the speaker‟s English. Does the presenter speak too slowly or too rapidly?∙English Grammar: Does the speaker have a command of Englishgrammar? Does the speaker make many mistakes in syntax or morphology?(e.g. misuse of the articles …the‟ …a‟ and …an‟, misuse of non-count nouns (e.g.“many informations” or “stuffs”), or lack of agreement (e.g. “Everybodyturned in their test.”)∙Vocabulary: Does the speaker have a broad range of English vocabulary in his or her lexicon? Does he or she use these words accurately?∙Overall intelligibility: Is the speaker comprehensible? This refers to how a presenter‟s pronunciation, oral fluency, and use of English grammar combineto make him or her understandable to his or her audience.Use of Materials: This section applies to how well the presenter uses materials and visual aids to enhance his or her presentation. In most instances, visual aids are extremely valuable at reinforcing what the speaker says. Naturally, in some types of speeches, the speaker is not allowed to use visual aids (e.g. impromptu speeches, original oratory, and policy debates).∙Visual Aids: Does the presenter use handouts, visual aids (e.g. the blackboard, posters, photos, etc.), and/or other devises (e.g. computer, tape-recorder,PowerPoint, realia1) to improve the quality of the presentation?∙Accuracy and relevance of materials: Is the information accurate and relevant to his or her topic?∙Use of articles: Does the presenter give the audience a useful article that contains information relevant to his or her presentation?∙Future use of the materials given to the audience: Are the materials user-friendly so that the audience can use them at a future date? I.e. does theauthor explain and describe his terms or does he or she just give the audiencean outline of the presentation and expect them to fill in the outline with theirown notes?Content: Is the presentation informative and relevant to the topic? Content is assessed in the following ways:∙Accuracy: Is the information accurate?∙Relevance: Is the information relevant to the speaker‟s assigned topic?∙Support: Does the speaker support his main points with facts, statistics, examples, quotations, or anecdotes?∙Weight of content: Does the presenter spend the most time on the most important parts or does he or she get bogged down in less important parts ofthe presentation? This is more important in a longer presentation and in agroup presentation.∙Overall Quality of the content: At the end of the presentation, has the audience learned a lot about your topic? Have you taught the audienceanything that is informational, useful, and relevant?Organization of Ideas: Is the content well organized and does it flow smoothly from one idea to the next? Are the main points ordered in order of importance or chronologically?∙Attention-grabbing introduction: Does the speaker begin with some kind of attention-grabbing question, anecdote, example, fact, or statistic?∙Tell-tell-tell structure: Does the speaker repeat the main idea of the speech three times? First, he should introduce his thesis in the introduction, thenreinforce it in the body of his speech, and finally re-phrase it in hisconclusion.∙Three main points: The speaker should give three main points that support his thesis. Each main point should be explained and then supported with facts,statistics, examples, quotations, or anecdotes.∙Transitions: Does the speaker use transitions to smoothly connect his ideas. Transitions can be organizational connectors (e.g. First of all,Secondly, My final point is…, In conclusion, et c.) or logical connectors (e.g.On the other hand, In contrast, In addition to, Consequently, Therefore, etc.)Here are five general tips for a successful speech:1. Practice, practice, practice! If you are giving a prepared speech, then you need to practice your speech frequently. First, practice by yourself or in front of a mirror. Then practice your speech in front of a parent or friend (and have them time your speech). Finally, give a dress rehearsal using all of your visual aids. Even if you are giving an impromptu speech, you can practice various topics on your own or in front of friends.2. Try to relax before giving the speech. I know that this is easier said thandone. Most speakers get very anxious before speaking, but remember that it‟s no big deal—it‟s only a speech and everyone gets nervous before giving a speech. One thing that you can do is to repeat the following relaxation technique three times: take a deep breath through your nose and then exhale it slowly through your mouth. Try it,you‟ll feel better!3. Don’t talk too fast when delivering your speech. If you slow your rate of speech down, you can accomplish several things:1) You can reduce the number of vocal pauses in your speech (e.g. “uh”, “um”, “okay”, “you know”)2) It gives you time to think ahead so that you know what to say next3) It makes your speech seem more relaxed and fluent** Don‟t slow down too much or it will sound awkward and unnatural4. If you make a mistake, don’t draw attention to it. Don‟t stop your s peech to correct your mistake, apologize for it, or draw attention to your mistake. Just try to continue on with your speech as if nothing happened. Chances are, no one noticed your mistake anyway.5. Look outwardly confident and enthusiastic. Even if you feel nervous and depressed on the inside, try to look confident and enthusiastic on theoutside. Remember that when you give a speech, you‟re kind of like an actor—so …act‟ confident.People will be able to enjoy your speech if they think that you are enjoying your speech. If they see that you are excessively nervous and uncomfortable, they will also feel nervous and uncomfortable.Example Impromptu topics:∙You are an ant. Convince an anteater to not eat you.∙Explain three different ways to eat an Oreo cookie.∙Tell us about a nickname you have and how you got it.∙Convince us to vote for you as president of the USA.∙Explain three uses for a pencil besides for writing.∙Read us a letter you might write home when you are staying at a circus training summer camp.∙Tell us about your summer plans.∙Convince us that homework is harmful to your health.∙Tell us about your favorite pet and why it should win the Greatest Pet Ever award.∙If you were an animal, what would you be?∙You are a salesperson trying to sell us the shirt you have on.∙Explain how a smart person might not be wise.∙If you were the teacher, how would our class be different?∙Tell us about the hardest thing you have ever done.∙You are a mad scientist. Tell us about your latest invention.∙You are a famous sports player. Describe your best moment of a game.∙You are a famous rock star. Explain what the lyrics of your latest hit song mean.∙Tell us about the best job.∙Explain the benefits of drinking milk.∙Tell us how to become a millionaire.∙Tell us about the best dream you've ever had.∙Create a myth that explains why pelicans have large beaks.∙Tell us how to make a new friend.∙Tell us about the most fun recess activity.∙Tell us about your favorite holiday.∙Tell us how to make your favorite meal.∙Explain which came first: the chicken or the egg.∙Explain the rules to your favorite game.∙If everything in the world had to change to the same color, what color would you choose and why?∙Explain how you would use a hat to catch butterflies. Be sure to∙Identify the type of hat that is required.∙You are a piece of paper. Describe how we should use you before you get recycled.∙Explain how to make a pizza.∙Explain four uses for a drinking glass other than for holding a liquid.∙Convince our principal to give students their birthdays off of school.∙Describe how you would modify a snail so it can go faster.∙Explain the best way to teach an old dog a new trick.∙Describe the life cycle of a frog or butterfly.Quotations used for Impromptu Speeches“Before God we are all equally wise—and equally foolish.”--Albert Einstein“I never think of the future—it comes soon enough.”--Albert Einstein“Imagination is more important than knowledge.”--Albert Einstein“The important thing is not to stop questioning.”--Albert Einstein“Truth is what stands the test of experience.”--Albert Einstein“A friend is a second self.”--Aristotle“A flatterer is a friend who is your inferior, or who pretends to be so.”--Aristotle“Happiness depends upon ourselves.”--Aristotle“It is in justice that the ordering of society is centered.”--Aristotle“It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.”--Aristotle“Law is mind without reason.”--Aristotle“Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime.”--Aristotle“We are what we repeatedly do.”--Aristotle“Misfortune shows those who are not really friends.”--Aristotle“Man is by nature a political animal”--Aristotle“A joke is a very serious thing.”--Winston Churchill“History will be kind to me for I intend to write it.”--Winston Churchill“The price of greatness is responsibility.”--Winston Churchill“Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.”--Winston Churchill“When the eagles are silent, the parrots begin to jabber.”--Winston Churchill“A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.”--Mark Twain“Always do right.This will gratify some people and astonish the rest.”--Mark Twain“Clothes make the man.Naked people have little or no influence on society.”--Mark Twain“I have never let my schooling interfere with my education.”--Mark Twain“I am not young enough to know everything.”--Oscar WildeMorality, like art, means drawi ng a line someplace.”--Oscar Wilde“An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.”--Mahatma Gandhi“Forget injuries, never forget kindness.”--Confucius“I hear and I forget. I see and I remember.I do and I understand.”--Confucius“Respect yourself and others will respect you.”--Confucius“Wheresoever you go, go with all your heart.”--Confucius“Be not ashamed of mistakes and thus make them crimes.”--Confucius“Everything has its beauty, but not everyone sees it.”--Confucius“We are always in our own company.”--Nietzsche“What does not destroy me, makes me stronger.”--Nietzsche“Rather than love, than money, than fame, give me truth.”-- Henry David Thoreau“Men are born to succeed, not fail.”-- Henry David Thoreau“Men have become the tools of their tools.”--Henry David Thoreau“Colleges hate geniuses, just as convents hate saints.”--Ralph Waldo Emerson“Insist on yourself; never imitate…Every great man is unique.”--Ralph Waldo Emerson“A friend is one before whom I may think aloud.”--Ralph Waldo Emerson“An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest.”--Benjamin Franklin“Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing.”--Benjamin Franklin“Early to bed and early to rise makes a men healthy, wealthy, and wise.”--Benjamin Franklin“Energy and persistence conquer all things.”--Benjamin Franklin“Employ thy time well, if thou meanest to get leisure.”--Benjamin Franklin。
Lesson 2, Public Speaking演讲
• Overcoming stress • Being confident • Healthy living • Treat others the way you want to be treated • Building self-esteem
MOTIVATIONAL TOPIC IDEAS
• Breaking bad habits • It’s now or never • Actions speak louder than words • Dream big • Love yourself • Forgiveness
MAKE A SPEECH
• The goal of this speech is to inspire the audience to do something. You choose what that “something” is. Make sure you are interested in it! • Make sure your speech is 1:50-2:10 minutes. Any longer or shorter and your grade will be lowered. • Practice, practice, practice!
TIPS
GESTURES
• Symbolic Gestures communicate words, numbers, position. For example: • A raised hand signals for a stop • A thumbs-up showing you agree • Three fingers for the number three • Pointing to show a position – up, down, behind, beside
Study Questions Chapter2 with key
Study Questions for English Public SpeakingChapter 2 Speaking Confidently and EthicallyTrue-False Questions1. T F Fortunately, stage fright only affects inexperienced speakers.2. T F Experts believe that being fully prepared for a speech can reduce stage frightby up to 75 percent.3. T F Using the power of visualization to control stage fright means that youshould approach your speech as a performance in which the audience islooking for perfection.4. T F Most successful speakers are nervous before taking the floor.5. T F Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is.6. T F Some nervousness before you speak is usually beneficial.7. T F For most beginning speakers the biggest part of stage fright is fear of theunknown.8. T F As your textbook explains, most of the nervousness public speakers feelinternally is not visible to their listeners.9. The aim of a speaker is to accomplish his or her goals by any means necessary.10. T F Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right andwrong in human affairs.11. T F Ethical issues can arise at every stage of the speechmaking process.12. T F The ethical obligation of a speaker to be fully prepared increases as thesize of the audience increases.13. T F A public speaker need only be concerned about ethics in the conclusionof a speech.14. T F The first responsibility of a speaker is to make sure her or his goal isethically sound.15. T F A speaker’s ethical obligations decrease as the size of the audiencedecreases.16. One of the best ways to avoid falling into the trap of plagiarism is to start work onyour speeches well before they are due.17. Because the aim of speechmaking is to secure a desired response from listeners,speakers need to give their strategic objectives priority over their ethicalobligations.18. T F Unlike writers, public speakers can present other people’s ideas as theirown without being guilty of plagiarism.19. T F Global plagiarism occurs when a speaker takes material from severaldifferent sources and presents it as his or her own.20. T F Taking someone’s entire speech and passing it off as your own is a formof unethical behavior called global plagiarism.21. T F It is necessary for a public speaker to identify his or her source whetherthe speaker is paraphrasing or quoting verbatim.22. T F It is only necessary to identify your source in a speech when you arequoting directly, rather than paraphrasing.23. T F Whenever you quote someone directly in a speech, you must attribute thewords to that person.24. T F Incremental plagiarism occurs when a speaker uses quotations orparaphrases without citing the sources of the statements.25. T F Just as you need to give credit to the authors of print books and articlesthat you quote or paraphrase in your speech, so you need to give credit tothe authors of Internet documents.26. T F When citing an Internet document in a speech, it is usually sufficient tointroduce it by saying, “As I found on the Web.”27. T F Just as public speakers have ethical responsibilities, so too do the peoplewho listen to a speech.Multiple Choice Questions(Students are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter.)41. When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, it means that public speaking isa. a way to manipulate people.* b. a way to make a difference in something we care about.c. a way to make everyone see things through our frame of reference.d. a way to demonstrate how clever we are.e. a way to support ethnocentrism.Many of the skills used in public speaking are the same as those used in everyday conversation. These skills includea. organizing your thoughts logically.b. tailoring your message to your audience.c. adapting to listener feedback.* d. all of the above.e. b and c only.44. When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra, a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.* a. adrenalineb. serotoninc. potassiumd. glauconitee. cortisone45. According to your textbook, rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stagefright, you should aim at transforming it intoa. general anxiety.b. visualized adrenaline.c. professional stage fright.* d. positive nervousness.e. confident apprehension.46. Which of the following strategies is least likely to help you deal with nervousnessin your speeches?a. thinking positively* b. concentrating on your stage frightc. working especially hard on your introductiond. making eye contact with members of your audiencee. using visual aids47. Heather was in the midst of an excellent speech on campus history when shemade a minor mistake by giving the wrong date for the opening of a campusbuilding. She suddenly stopped speaking and said, “Oh, I messed up.” She thenfinished her speech, but all she could think about afterward was her mistake.What is the major piece of advice from your textbook that Heather needs to bereminded about?* a. There is no such thing as a perfect speech.b. You should work especially hard on your introduction.c. Audiences usually can’t tell how nervous a speaker is.d. You should take slow, deep breaths before you speak.e. It is natural for public speakers to be nervous.48. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal withnervousness in your speeches?a. Concentrate on thinking about your stage fright.b. Work especially hard on your conclusion.c. Avoid making eye contact with your audience.d. Try to generate extra adrenaline as you speak.* e. Think of your speech as an act of communication.49. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way of dealing withnervousness in your speeches?a. Remember that your nervousness is not usually visible to your audience.b. Concentrate on communicating with the audience rather than on your nerves.c. As you rehearse, visualize yourself giving a successful speech.* d. all of the abovee. b and c only50. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal withnervousness in your speeches?a. Tell your audience how nervous you are.b. Avoid making eye contact with the audience.c. Focus on achieving perfection in your speech.* d. Visualize yourself giving a successful speech.e. Memorize your conclusion word for word.51. According to your textbook, when you employ the power of visualization as amethod of controlling stage fright, you shoulda. decrease the time necessary for preparing your speech.b. keep your mental pictures from becoming too vivid.* c. focus on the positive aspects of your speech.d. all of the above.e. a and b only.35. Speechmaking is a form of power and therefore carries with it heavyresponsibilities.a. logical* b. ethicalc. psychologicald. emotionale. sociological36. Because speechmaking is a form of power, we must always be sure to speaka. concisely.b. persuasively.* c. ethically.d. forcefully.e. consistently.37. According to your textbook, the branch of philosophy that deals with humanissues of right and wrong is termeda. morality.b. rationalism.* c. ethics.d. legality.e. existentialism.38. As a public speaker, you face ethical issues whena. selecting the topic for your speech.b. researching your speech.c. organizing your speech.d. a and b.* e. all of the above.39. In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course ofaction againsta. the frame of reference of the audience.* b. a set of ethical guidelines or standards.c. the speaker’s strategic objectives.d. a socially accepted code of legal rules.e. the personal opinions of the speaker.40. In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course ofaction againsta. the persuasive goals of the speaker.b. an interpretation of the U.S. Constitution.c. the frame of reference of the audience.* d. a set of ethical guidelines or standards.e. the majority views of public opinion.41. All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for ethicalspeechmaking excepta. be honest in what you say.b. avoid name calling and other forms of abusive language.c. be fully prepared for each speech.d. make sure your goals are ethically sound.* e. explain your credibility on the speech topic.42. All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for ethicalspeechmaking except* a. explain your motives for speaking to the audience.b. put your ethical principles into practice.c. avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language.d. make sure your goals are ethically sound.e. be fully prepared for each speech.43. Which of the following are included in your textbook as guidelines for ethicalspeechmaking?a. Make sure your goals are ethically sound, stay within your time limits, andpractice your speech delivery.* b. Be honest in what you say, be fully prepared for each speech, and make sure your goals are ethically sound.c. Avoid global plagiarism, use quotations rather than paraphrases, and putyour ethical principals into practice.d. Be fully prepared for each speech, avoid name-calling, and stay withinyour time limits.e. Establish your credibility, be honest in what you say, and put your ethicalprinciples into practice.44. All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for ethicalspeechmaking excepta. be fully prepared for each speech.b. make sure your goals are ethically sound.c. avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language.* d. respect your listeners’ frame of reference.e. put your ethical principles into practice.45. Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethicalspeechmaking?* a. Be fully prepared for each speech.b. Explain your credibility in the introduction.c. Present your main points in nontechnical language.d. Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends.e. Be alert to feedback from the audience.48. For his informative speech, Douglas told his classmates how to get free food at adrive-through restaurant. Rather than focusing on legitimate deals, such as student discounts or coupons, Douglas talked about ways to trick employees intobelieving you had already paid for food when you had not. His instructor gave the speech a poor grade because it violated the ethical criteria for public speakingpresented in your textbook. The major guideline Douglas violated was:a. Be fully prepared for each speech.* b. Make sure your goals are ethically sound.c. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language.d. Adapt to your audience’s frame of reference.e. Avoid plagiarism.49. Having spent two years working in a television newsroom, Madison decided togive her informative speech on that topic. Because she knew a lot about it andwas comfortable speaking to an audience, she didn’t spend much time preparing.As a result, her speech was poorly organized, ran overtime, and did not have aclear message. Which guideline for ethical public speaking discussed in yourtextbook did Madison fail to live up to?* a. Be fully prepared for each speech.b. Make sure your goals are ethically sound.c. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language.d. Be honest in what you say.e. Avoid plagiarism.50. According to your textbook, global plagiarism occurs when a persona. bases his or her speech completely on foreign sources.b. fails to cite sources throughout the body of the speech.* c. takes a speech entirely from one source and passes it off as her or his own.d. uses two or three sources and blends the information into a unified whole.e. bases the speech entirely on his or her personal experience.51. Tanya went to the beach instead of staying in town and working on her speech.When she realized how soon the speech was due, she asked a friend who hadalready taken public speaking to loan her an old outline, which she used verbatim for her class speech. Which of the following statements best describes Tanya’sactions?a. Tanya should have planned better, but she isn’t guilty of plagiarism.* b. Tanya is guilty of global plagiarism.c. Tanya is guilty of patchwork plagiarism.d. Tanya is ethical if she cites the friend whose speech she used.e. Tanya is guilty of incremental plagiarism.52. Jerome found several excellent sources for his informative speech. He pulledkey information from them, blended those ideas into his own perspective, andcited his sources when he presented the speech. Which of the followingstatements best describes this situation?* a. Jerome is ethical because he cited his sources and used them to develop his own slant on the topic.b. Jerome is guilty of incremental plagiarism because he used quotations andparaphrases from other people in his speech.c. Jerome is ethical because he did not copy his speech from a single source.d. Jerome is guilty of patchwork plagiarism because he used ideas from severaldifferent sources in his speech.e. Jerome is guilty of global plagiarism because he did not develop his speechentirely from his own knowledge and experience.53. Ryan Tompkins located three excellent sources for his persuasive speech. Hecopied long sections from each source word for word, strung them together with a few transitions, and mentioned the sources of his information in passing. Whichof the following statements best describes Ryan’s situation?a. Ryan is ethical because he did research for his speech.b. Ryan is guilty of global plagiarism.* c. Ryan is guilty of patchwork plagiarism.d. Ryan is ethical because he mentioned the sources of his information.e. Ryan is guilty of incremental plagiarism.54. According to your textbook, plagiarism occurswhen a speaker copies word for word from two or three sources.a. globalb. incremental* c. patchworkd. scientifice. valid55. According to your textbook, plagiarism occurswhen the speech as a whole is ethical but the speaker fails to give credit forparticular quotations and paraphrases.a. incidentalb. informativec. inferentiald. invalid* e. incremental56. According to your textbook, plagiarism occurswhen the speech as a whole is ethical but the speaker fails to give credit forparticular quotations and paraphrases.* a. incrementalb. patchworkc. accidentald. incidentale. global57. Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a way to avoidplagiarism?a. Avoid using direct quotations from other people in your speech.b. Try to use as few sources as possible in researching your speech.c. Avoid citing quotations and paraphrases in your speech.* d. Get an early start on researching and preparing your speech.e. Make sure you include information from the library in your speech.58. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to steer clear ofincremental plagiarism?a. Avoid using direct quotations from other people in your speech.b. Only use your original ideas so there is no risk of plagiarism.c. Avoid citing sources that might make someone suspect plagiarism.* d. Cite the sources of all quotations and paraphrases in your speech.e. Avoid paraphrasing information from other people in your speech.59. The three kinds of plagiarism discussed in your textbook area. valid plagiarism, incremental plagiarism, and necessary plagiarism.b. patchwork plagiarism, speech plagiarism, and global plagiarism.c. literary plagiarism, scientific plagiarism, and speech plagiarism.d. idea plagiarism, quotation plagiarism, and paraphrase plagiarism.* e. global plagiarism, patchwork plagiarism, and incremental plagiarism.Short Answer Questions76. List five measures you can take to help control your nervousness when giving aspeech.1.2.3.4.5.Major methods of controlling stage fright mentioned in the chapter are:Acquire speaking experience.Prepare thoroughly for every speech.Think positively about your speech.Use the power of visualization.Know that your nervousness is not visible to the audience.Don’t expect perfection.Other methods mentioned in the chapter are:Be at your best physically and mentally.Quietly flex and relax your muscles while waiting to speak.Take a couple of deep breaths before starting to speak.Work especially hard on your introduction.Make eye contact with members of the audience.Concentrate on communicating with the audience.Use visual aids.68. The four guidelines in your textbook for ethical public speaking are:a. Make sure your goals are ethically sound.b. Be fully prepared for each speech.c. Be honest in what you say.d.Put ethical principles into practice.。
演讲教程2-varieties of public speaking
Guidelines for informative speaking
Don’t overestimate what the audience
knows Relate the subject directly to the audience Don’t be too technical Avoid abstractions Personalize your ideas
Unstaffed scientific missions are less costly
and more beneficial than staffed space flights. Main Points I. less costly II. More practical benefits
I. Excessive drinking remains a serious problem
among college students. II. Two causes of the problem specific to college life are social pressure and large number of alcohol-centered activities. III. There are individual solutions to these problems that you can implement right away.
e.g.
Will another major blizzard strike the south this year?
Did Shakespeare really write the plays attributed to him?
publicspeaking英语演讲作文八篇
publicspeaking英语演讲作文八篇第一篇：public speaking 英语演讲作文八篇A Famous Public Speaker Hello everyone,My name is Li Jiayang.I’m very glad to make a speech.The theme of the speech is “A famous public speaker ”.He was with a keen interest in this.He has been obsessed with sound to listen to politicians if big bell, impassioned speech, and imitate them.But he does not love to drink, taste the taste of whisky.He had on the trees, forest and rows of corn.He can play all kinds of faces, practice is the trick of his in front of a mirror;Speak funny story, was the use of reading that shares all kinds of characters.But he does not love to drink, taste the taste of whisky.He doesn't like to smoke, also taste the taste of cigarettes.He knew of the folk minor muddy words cannot appeal to, but pay attention to the rich local breath, meaningful, humorous things down.Such accumulation, making his speech always has the characteristics of fit, and therefore, make his audience throughout all walks.He doesn't like to smoke, also taste the taste of cigarettes.He knew of the folk minor muddy words cannot appeal to, but pay attention to the rich local breath, meaningful, humorous things down.Such accumulation, making his speech always has the characteristics of fit, and therefore, makes his audience throughout all walks.He sometimes wake up in the middle of the night, he took out the poem to read.Once he found a beautiful poem, and repeatedly chanting, couldn't sleep for a long time.At the White House, he was able to recite Shakespeare in a long period of dialogue.In his busy official business, he often uses three to five minutes gap to recite poetry, prose or dialogue in Shakespeare's plays, he treats it like a rest, at the same time, alsois to increase knowledge, enhance memory, a good way to practice voice.All this, can be reached in detail, and the practice is the cornerstone of the Lincoln Center.The longest journey begins with a single step’m very glad to make a s peech.The theme of the speech is “The longest journey begins with a single step”.Through the ages, to a successful career in business is a lot of.Their achievement and honors, often admirable, envy, people are always eager to get their achievement.However, how to reach the expected goal? The problem is not all people can answer correctly.The ideal of everyone is different, some big, some reality, but no matter which aspirants, should keep in mind that live those famous words: taking the first step start a thousand-mile downwards.Look for the direction toward the ideal, start small, accumulated step by step, go on, that's the secret of success.If you want to reach the goal, make ideal to become a reality, accumulation is never less, and people tend to ignore it.The ancients “short step, without even thousands of miles;no product small flow, beyond into jiangxi ”, about the same is true.No matter how lofty ideal, and a great business, must start small, start from the ordinary place.Now some people are not, they seem to know only set up ideal, but I do not think about how to do it.Such as day and night they looked at the distance the splendid goal and sent her youth, wasting your life, not only is an aspired to tzu chi, in the end to the old.For each of our young students, our ambition is closely connected with the future of our motherland.Therefore, we should try to start from the dribs and drabs, one step at a time to work toward the aim of the grand.This li Wan Lizhi line, it would be very hard, never is a flat road, but as long as to go step by step, we will be able tovictory.This is our victory, our ideal is embodied in the process of one step at a time to gain victory.“Every journey begins with one step“, should be every aspirants in business motto.My hometo wn Hello everyone,My name is Li Jiayang.I’m very glad to make a speech.The theme of the speech is “My hometown ”.My hometown is a beautiful coastal city of dalian, located at the southernmost tip of liaodong peninsula surrounded by sea on three sides is given priority to with hilly terrain.Dalian weather is warm in winter and cool in summer, have a typical oceanic features, is a city very suitable for human habitation.Dalian’s environment is good, climate in winter without cold, summer without heat, there a re ”the Windows of the northeast“ of ”romantic“ name of ”the pearl of the north“, is the window of the northeast China's opening to the outside and the largest port city;Successively won the international garden city [1], the best tourism city of China [2], the national environmental protection model city [3], etc.Dalian has a long history, as early as 6000 years ago, the ancestors developed dalian, beginning in 1899 according to dalian.The first opium war, during the second opium war, the British on the dalian area.As the main battlefield of the sino-japanese war and the Russian, dalian in recent history has suffered two major wars, colonized Russia, Japan for nearly half a century.Dalian has the rich local characteristics, seafood kind of many, including abalone, sea cucumber, the bohai sea island is famous for its national.Dalian tourist attractions are also much more special, such as the tiger beach Ocean Park, Labour park, lesson , attraction is the tourist season every year.Dalin festival has many characteristics, such as the international clothing, beer festival, every year when the scale is very big.Dalian dialect is particularlydistinctive, once a nationwide study of dalian dialect to upsurge.Dalian is a wonderful city, in the city can enjoy the beauty of the mountain scenery, literally a bus station is next to the sea, blowing sea breeze, looking at the distant misty fog is like concealed in the island, looking at the side purple black color of castle peak, garden landscape, carefree.The person I Love Best Hello everyone,My name is Li Jiayang.I’m very glad to make a speech.The theme of the speech is “The person I love best ”.The person I love best is my mum.Mum,you to raise me to the big since childhood, you are like a spring rain, moistens my, every little bit into my young heart.Mother's love is like the warm sunshine, shine on me, out of the cold.All in all, have countless Numbers of mother's love.Like the stars in the sky, and as the flowers of the earth.“The loving mother hand line, wandering onto clothing” you are my love deep Then the sea, is higher than the mountains.From me when be born, my life is from opened his eyes and began to fall in love with your face.Your mother's love is like the sun, warm my heart.You the voice of a cordial but person, beautiful expression.Race, every day, you and the sun to prepare breakfast for us;Send me to school.How many days and nights, how many spring, summer, autumn and winter, you continue to silently express your love, give you love and care for me.Every time to go home, I always feel so comfortable, home is so clean, shining.Your patience and constancy makes me admire.Mom,if I was a boat, that you are the gentle wind, with the endless love with you I'm swimming in a sea of knowledge.If I were a candle, that is the red candle, you use your life to make me to burn.If I were a plant, that you are warm sunshine, feeding I was growing up.Ah!Mother!You work hard, you tired? In my childhood, every growing footprint has to accompany you, tomake you happy smile every footprint.“Mother” this is a very simple and nice voice.“Mother”, this is a very simple but meaningful word , this is because the mother not only gave me life, and gave me a selfless love.A mother's love is great love, mother's love is selfless dedication.A mother's love can let mountain, the mother's dedication to fill the sea.A mother's love each other mutually, like rolling hills.Peaks in the world have a lot, broad than the mother's mind.Mother!You were laborious!You have paid too much for me.Ah, mother seems to be a bridge, mother, I will never forget.My Favourite Hobby’m very glad to make a speech.The theme of the speech is “My favorite Hobby”.My hobby is singing.It's a great hobby!It's fun and it makes me feel proud.Singing can be used to relieve my fatigues , and can help me improve my accent.Singing makes me happy when I'm sad.Singing songs can make you clever.I am always singing at home to share each other's joys and sorrow in our life and to learn many songs.I really enjoy singing.It goes without saying that there are many different kinds of hobbies and they can't only broaden our minds but also add more fun to our life.I enjoy singing very much.When i am singing,my heart as well as my body is joyful.When I'm happy, I often sing out to share my happiness with others.I also singlet to pour out my bad feelings when I'm upset.Ilike pop music most, because I want to follow the trend.I prefer soft music took music.Since we may be very tired after a long day's work, we need a recovery much.Perhaps soft music is the best recreation for us.In my spare time, I often sing a song to others.Everyone is so happy to be mylistener, because I'm very brave and confident.Even though I couldn't be a professional singer, I can still get a lot of good fun from singing.Because of fringing , my life becomes more colorful.Morethan life, singing is not quenched.My hope is that my life can be accompanied by singing, hope whether happy or sad, can let all calmed in a wonderful song.The Funvtion Of University ’m very glad to m ake a speech.The theme of the speech is “The function of university ”.Nowadays there's a growing number of people arguing over the function college education.To my point of view,college education is supposed to be more of a vehicle to cultivate civilised citizens for the sustainable development of our society than of a vehicle to prepare the students for their professional development or skills suitable for future employment.My opinions will be supported as follows.T o start,to cultivate students into civilised citizens is of great importance.Although civilised citizens can the society be harmonious ,so that everything can develop in the city.We can recall the wars,during which the economy and everything just faded.Also cultivating one's inner quality can help develop one's career,people skills,etc.Then,to cultivate civilised citizens is also to protect our traditional customs and cultures,which is very significant to the whole country.A lot of ancient morals and classics are symbols' of chinese people's of wisdom.What's more,the professional development and skills suitable for future development we can get from college have limits.We all know that we get them from the professors,but they aren't an updatable encyclopedia.Many of their words are just personal opinions which can be controversial or even wrong.Plus they cant pay much attention to every student they have.At last,we can learn things from the college but can't gain everything from it.In such an information age,we can access various of resources online which cannot be explained one by one in college.And there are so many aspects of our profession,we need to find whatsuit ourselves best.To conclude,in terms of the function of college education,I agree more of that it should be to cultivate civilised citizens than of that it should be to prepare the students for professional development and skills suitable for future employment.My speech is over,thank you.The Beginning Of My College Life’m very glad to make a speech.The theme of the speech is “The beginning of my college life ”.After years of the university entrance exam, we finally entered a school, university of the long-awaited university life like this started.In college, first of all, I want to study hard.In high school too lazy, lead to the college entrance examination test not good, so the university I'm focused on schoolwork instead.English is very important to modern society, and want to go abroad this master, so I want to learn English well.Second, after course as the survival of the capital is also very important.Secondly, I want to participate activities.On the one hand, in a lot of work and can exercise their own ability, let oneself better walk into society, on the other hand can also enrich their knowledge, to do with any kind of people can have a common topic, do a good communication.At the same time, to participate in numerous activities also can make friends, expand your circle of contacts.Finally, I want to fall in love with the city university.Shenyang is a provincial capital city, there is a lot of beautiful scenery, a lot of rich historical and cultural resources, including many fine restaurants, try to fight in this city, and then of a delicate life, do a time line and all the people.Hope to take this new began to meet the new life, make university live rich and colorful.All above is my speech, thank you for your listening.What I Can Do For The Rising Of My Motherlandname is Li Jiayang.I’m very glad to make a speech.Thetheme of the speech is “What I Can Do For The Rising Of My Motherla nd”.She has thousands of years of splendid culture, is a rare pearl in the world, although she is less Then the United States as advanced, or even poverty, backwardness, but I do not mind, because I was selfless in her love grew up under.She is my motherland, the People's Republic of China.We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that new China.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Chinese.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.Though China has been more powerful now, we dare not tempt them with weakness, we still don't promise to abandon the use of force, For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.Facing to the motherland the rise of the task I do not shrink from this responsibility--I welcome it.I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it.And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.And so, my fellow Chinese, ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your countryFinally I want to say, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, contributing to the rise of the Chinese, an own strength.第二篇：英语演讲作文The Secret of Success On the campus of the university, between buildings, there are large stretches of lawn, green asever and as if forever.Encircled by the green, I often have the inspiration to think.It is a green thought in a green shade.My green thought is about how I will face the future.The important thing in life is to have a great goal and the determination to attain it.Living without a goal is like sailing without a ck of purpose is the cause of most of our failures.When a great aim has been decided on, determination and persistence are most important.A story about Mao Zedong's willpower not to smoke is a good example of this kind of willpower applied for the short term, an example the young person might apply to his or her determination to work for the long term.Mao was addicted to cigarettes.At the Chongqing Negotiations, he was observed to have an unusual expression on his face.When the talks were over, Jiang Jieshi said, “He lik es cigarettes as much as he does his life, but when he learned that I don't smoke, in the course of our talks, he never smoked even a single cigarette.” We can never despise Mao Zedong's determination and will!You can see that nothing is impossible for a willing heart.Persistence is also the key factor, like determination.As Benjamin Franklin said, “He who is patient can have whatever he wants.” This persistence is necessary;successful people expect periodic defeats, learn what went wrong and why, and make necessary adjustments, and try again.If you are persistent, you will almost inevitably succeed.When Ludwig van Beethoven-“the Michelangelo of Music”, reached his peak, he was totally deaf.If you study his biography, and get acquainted with his trials, his hardships, battles, and triumphed over fate.Success seldom comes easily on the first try.What separates the successful from the unsuccessful is persistence.Many organizational analysts and career consultants consider persistence to be ultimate key to success atboth the organizational and personal level.Successful people also fail occasionally, but they do not let their failures defeat their spirit.Learning from defeats, they revise strategy as needed and try again, and again, and again, until they succeed.In everyone's heart, there is that kind of pure green and the pure desire for success.Green signifies vitality, hope and success.It urges you on.On Courage-谈勇气Hemingway often thought of courage as a person's ability to be calm and controlled in the face of death.His theme is presented in his novel “For Whom the Bell Tolls?” the story “The Old Man and the Sea” and in our textbook “A Day's Wait”.By misunderstanding a different thermometer the boy thought he was running a high fever and would soon die.But he took his death bravely and waited quietly for it.The boy showed us he had courage.I think such a definition of courage is far from enough.Courage should not be limited and related only to death.In ordinary life there are common things that also show a person's courage.For example, on a bus trip, a thief was trying to steal a girl's purse.Some people saw it, but kept quiet.They were afraid to be revenged by the thief.The brave stood out and stopped the thief.Courage means truth and justice to me.The person in a high position often hear songs in praise of him.Some people are sincere.Some are only flattering the superior in their own favor.The leader also needs courage to welcome criticism as well as those who have the courage to criticize him.Such courage may come from mutual understanding.I think a man of courage will value truth and justice, and not hesitate in his actions to do what he thinks is right, There is no such word as fear in his dictionary.谈勇气海明威总是以为勇气就是面对死亡沉着镇静，他的这一主题思想体现在他的小说《丧钟为谁而鸣?》、《老人与海》以及课本里《一天的等待》中。
public speaking
The speaker’s voice should:
– Start on the correct level of pitch, which won’t tire you and will reach the whole audience;
– Be clearly intelligible at all times. Don’t turn head sideways. Pronounce proper names and titles especially carefully;
演讲技巧一 口头表述
译员 secondary speaker 口译训练中的演讲技巧包括: 口头表述 和体态语言 口头表述 vocal rendering 体态语言 body language 口头表述训练重点: 发声 voice projection
吐字 articulation 口头表述注意要素: 音色 音高 音量 语调 语速 停
speech; – In phrasing the main points of the speech,
be concise and vivid.
Topics
我最喜欢的国家/城市
我最骄傲的事
幸福的关键
成功最重要的因素
网络带给我们的……
长假对中国经济的推动作用
中国百姓消费观
如何彻底解决农民工问题
– Watch the reaction of the audience to what you say;
– Your posture and gestures should be comfortable;
– Facial expression should reflect your feeling; friendly towards audience, interest in your subject.
国内外“公众演讲”（PublicSpeaking）课程简介
国内外“公众演讲”（PublicSpeaking）课程简介开设“公众演讲”（PublicSpeaking）课程在西方高校中早已成为惯例。
早在古希腊时，苏格拉底等人的弟子就以“雄辩术”作为其必修内容。
但在中国，演讲课程尤其是英语演讲课得以“进驻”大学课堂却还是一件新鲜事。
尽管国内英文演讲赛事蓬勃发展，各高校也开始重视培养学生的口头表达能力，但英文演讲课程在我国却只能称得上是“襁褓中的婴儿”。
随着本周第十二届“21世纪联想杯”全国英语演讲比赛在香港拉开帷幕，高校英文演讲课程再次成为业内关注的话题。
仍是新兴课程记者在采访中了解到，随着英语演讲热在中国的兴起，国内为数不多的院校，例如北京外国语大学、对外经济贸易大学、四川大学、华东理工大学等近年来先后开设了诸如“英语演讲”“公众演讲”“演讲辩论”等课程，该课程一般面向高年级学生作为选修课学习，并计入课程总学分。
南京大学外国语学院英语系副主任王文宇教授告诉记者，英文演讲课的重要性勿庸置疑，它有助于加强学生的英语应用能力，应该纳入教学计划。
据悉，该校已经把“演讲与辩论”作为英语专业综合素质课程的重要部分。
据了解，英文演讲课程不仅能帮助学生进一步提高英语表达能力，更有利于其开拓思路、掌握沟通技巧，为今后走上工作岗位奠定基础，甚至还可以让学生从容自信地走上国际舞台，在意义重大的国际会议上，在唇枪舌战的谈判桌上，在跨文化交流的讲台上妙语连珠，一展风采。
目前，已经有更多的院校正计划将“英语演讲”设为选修课。
上海外国语大学英语学院院长梅德明教授告诉记者，该院已经将“公众演讲艺术与口译”作为重要课程立项向学校提出申报，预计今年将在英语专业学生中开设此课程。
“但还有许多学校没有迈出这一步。
”梅教授对记者坦言。
对外经济贸易大学英语学院“英语公众演讲”课教师宿玉荣曾在美国师从威斯康星大学麦迪逊总校演讲学知名学者Stephen E. Lucas教授学习公众演讲，回国后开始从事英文演讲课教学。
公共英语二级 PETS2 Unit21
Notes:
1. clear up 放晴 2. have a spring outing 去春游 3. go by the board 落空，被丢弃 4. come true 实现 5. pick up the phone 接电话 answer the phone 6. make snowmen 堆雪人 throw snowballs 打雪仗 7. be expected to do sth 某事被料想，预期发生 e.g. My sister was expected to come here .
e.g. I tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me.
7. immediate immediateness n. 直接，立刻 immediate plans 当前计划 an immediate cause 直接原因 in the immediate future 在最近的将来 e.g. If you receive my letter, please give me an immediate response.
Grammar Points:
定语从句
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. Please pass me the book whose/of which cover is green. The bag which/that you are carrying is so heavy. His father died the year when/in which/that he was born. Beijing is the place where/in which/that I was born. Is this the reason why/for which/that he refused our help? The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
非常有价值的英语演讲
编辑课件
2.What is Public Speaking? The social activity, that a speaker announces himself, states his opinions, or persuades people to do things, etc, using verbal and nonverbal language in front of an audience, in a set time or space. Simply to say, public speaking is a way of making your ideas public — a way of sharing them with other people and of influencing other people.
★ Feedback: provide the speaker with information by which she can instantly assess the impact the speech is making upon the audience.
★ situation: time and place in which speech communication occurs. (funerals, church services, graduation ceremonies, weddings, etc)
编辑课件
Lecture 1: an overall view of public speaking 1. The power and importance of learning public speaking 2. What is public speaking? 3.How to deal with stage fright? 4. How to evaluate a speech?
公共英语二级对话
Wang:I’ll say! We were planning to go to an outdoor
concert,but now i have this report to write.
我正要说！我们打算去一个户外的音乐会，但我现在要写篇报告。
physic
n.医学, 医术
physicality
n.肉体性
physically
adv.体格上，身体上； 物理上
♦ give sb trouble
给某人添麻烦，麻烦某人
give oneself trouble
尽力，费力
take (the) trouble to do sth
尽心尽力或费尽心血而去做某事
我想和凯莉医生预约一下。
Receptionist:What is the reason for your visit?
您来访的缘由是什么？
David:I’d like to have my yearly physical.Besides,my neck is giving me trouble again.
can 和be able to 都可以表示能力.can泛指一般的能力,而且只有两种形式, 即:can, could．be able to 则主要指具体做到了某件事的能力，其形式主要 是靠be 发生变化，所以形式比can 多．可以说： I can swim. I am able to swim. 2、can能表猜测，be able to不能。can的这种用法主要用于疑问句和否定 句。 Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be? It can’t be our teacher who is knocking at the door. 3、can 可以表 “允许”, 与may可以互换, 此时不能用be able to 代替。 如：Can / May I sit here？——Yes, please. 由于may not 有两个意思, 即 “不可能” 和 “不许可”, 因此使用时要特别 注意。
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4. Signpost
A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech, or that focuses attention on the key ideas. Enumerate ~ “Four simple principles guide our policy. First… Second… Question ~ “What is the most effective approach for us? Key Idea ~ “The most important thing to remember is …
3. Pronunciation
Avoid slang, except to make a point, and do not slur your words. Avoid saying, "you know."
4. Pitch
Whatever you do, avoid a monotone!
3. Internal Summary
A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker’s preceding point or points. “I hope I’ve made clear the benefits of walking as a form of exercise. Unlike running, which often causes injuries, walking is a gentle but effective way to keep in shape.”
CONNECTIVES
Four Types of Connectives
1. Transitions 2. Internal Previews 3. Internal Summaries 4. Signposts
1. Transition
A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another. “In addition to … “Now that we’ve seen… “Not only… “So the evidence is… “Let’s look at…
6. Pauses
When you want to emphasize a certain word, just pause for one second before; this highlights the word.
7. Volume
A few well-timed shouts can liven up the old speech! Try to "project" or throw your voice out over the entire group - speak to the last row.
8. Quality
Try to keep your vocal quality high; it is what separates your voice from everyone else's.
9. Variance
Change your pitch, volume, and speed at least once every 30 seconds, if only for just one word. Never go more than one paragraph without a vocal variance.
1. Body Language
If your shoulders are sagging and your legs are crossed, you will not appear as being sincere and people just will not accept your message.
2. Articulation
Articulation means how your total vocal process works. You should be aware of your physical makeup to be able to understand how you speak.
CONNECTIVES
Remember that connectives can help to tie your speech together. Using them effectively will make your speeches more unified and coherent.
2. Internal Preview
A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next. Transition ~ “Now that we have seen how serious the problem of faulty credit reports is… Internal Summary ~ “I will focus on the following three solutions…Biblioteka Vocal Process
First, you need air from the lungs, your vocal cords in your larynx must be working, your mouth and tongue must be in sync, and you have to make sure that you have got some saliva in your mouth to keep things oiled.
Week 9
Public Speaking Skills (II)
Important Aspects of Presentation
Important Aspects of Presentation
1. Body Language 2. Articulation 3. Pronunciation 4. Pitch 5. Speed 6. Pauses 7. Volume 8. Quality 9. Variance
5. Speed
Between 140-160 words per minute is the normal pace for a persuasive speech. If you are not sure about your speed, tape yourself for one minute and then replay it and count the number of words you used in the minute!