木材英语

木材英语

植物分类plant classification

裸子植物gymnosperms

被子植物angiosperms

双子叶植物dicotyledons

单子叶植物monocotyledons

针叶树coniferous tree; conifer

阔叶树broad-leaved tree; deciduous tree

软材，针叶树材soft wood

硬材，阔叶树材hard wood

木本植物种类kinds of woody plants

树木tree

灌木shrub[?r?b]

木质藤本植物woody liana; woody climber

维管植物vascular plant

商用木材commercial timber

幼龄材young tree

老龄材old tree

木质茎woody stem

细胞cell

组织tissue

支持组织supporting tissue

储存组织storage tissue

输导组织conducting tissue

树干stem; trunk; bole

树根root

主枝limb

分枝branch

小枝branchlet

侧向支根lateral branch root

小根rootlet

根系root system

分生组织meristematic tissue

永久组织permanent tissue

生长点terminal growing point; apical growing point

原分生组织promeristem

顶端分生组织apical meristem

初生分生组织primary meristem

表皮原dermatogen

皮层原periblem

中柱原plerome

原形成层procambium

表皮epidermis

皮层cortex

中柱central core stele

髓pith

形成层cambium

初生韧皮部primary phloem

初生木质部primary xylem

初生长primary growth

初生组织primary tissue

高生长elongation; elongation of tree stem; height growth 母细胞mother cell

子细胞daughter cell

次生木质部secondary xylem; secondary wood

次生韧皮部secondary phloem

周皮periderm

北半球northern hemisphere

温带树木temperate-zone tree

季节性活动seasonal activity

形成层活动cambial activity

生长轮growth ring

年轮annual ring

木质部分子xylem element

韧皮部分子phloem element

木质部（木材）xylem(wood)

韧皮部（内皮）phloem(inner bark)

尖削度taper

植物生长激素plant growth hormone; auxin

热带木材tropical wood

国产木材domestic wood

粗视木材特征gross structure features

横切面cross section

径切面radial section

弦切面tangential section

成熟树干mature trunk

死皮（外皮）dead (outer)bark

活皮（内皮）living(inner)bark

边材sapwood

心材heartwood

正常心材normal heart wood

受伤心材wound heartwood

假心材false heartwood

内含边材included sapwood

边材树种sapwood tree

熟材树种ripewood tree

生长轮growth increment

早材early wood; springwood

晚材late wood ;summerwood

正常年轮ring of normal type; normal growth increment 非正常年轮ring of abnormal type

不连续年轮discontinuous ring

假年轮false ring

木射线wood ray; xylary ray

髓射线pith ray

木射线肉眼下不明显rays indistinct to the naked eye 木射线肉眼下明显rays distinct to the naked eye

宽木射线broad ray

叠生木射线storied ray

薄壁组织parenchyma

射线薄壁组织ray parenchyma

轴向薄壁组织longitudinal parenchyma

上皮薄壁组织epithelial parenchyma

离管型薄壁组织apotracheal parenchyma

星散状薄壁组织diffuse parenchyma

轮界状薄壁组织terminal parenchyma

切线状薄壁组织metatracheal parenchyma

宽带状薄壁组织broad-bands parenchyma

傍管状薄壁组织paratracheal parenchyma

环管状薄壁组织vasicentric parenchyma

翼状薄壁组织aliform parenchyma

聚翼状薄壁组织confluent parenchyma

无孔材nonporous wood

有孔材porous wood

环孔材ring porous wood

散孔材diffuse porous wood

半散孔材semi-diffuse porous wood

半环孔材semi-ring porous wood

胞间道intercellular canal(or duct)

树脂道resin canal

正常树脂道normal resin canal

创伤树脂道traumatic canal

髓斑pith fleck

结构texture

细结构fine texture

粗结构coarse texture

均匀结构even texture

不均匀结构uneven texture

纹理grain

直纹理straight grain

螺旋纹理spiral grain

材色color

光泽luster

气味odor

健全材sound wood

滋味taste

重量weight

最轻木the lightest wood

最重木the heaviest wood

硬度hardness

软soft

中硬medium hard

甚硬very hard

径切板quartersawn lumber

弦切板flatsawn lumber

木材细胞woody cell; wood element

轴向组织longitudinal(axial)tissue

径向组织horizontal(ray)tissue

垂周分裂anticlinal division

平周分裂periclinal division

纺锤形原始细胞fusiform initial

形成层射线原始细胞cambial ray initial

细胞壁cell wall

多糖成分polysaccharide fraction

纤维素cellulose

半纤维素hemicellulose

木素lignin

初生壁primary cell wall

次生壁secondary cell wall

胞间层true middle lamella

复胞间层compound lamella

瘤状沉积warty deposit

瘤状结构wart structure

木质化lignification

纤维丝microfibril

纤维丝角microfibrillar angle

结晶区crystalline(crystallite)area

非结晶区amorphous area (region)

基本纤维elementary fibril

纤丝fibril

细胞壁化学成分chemical constituents in the cell wall 纹孔式pitting

单纹孔single pit

具缘纹孔bordered pit

纹孔对pit pair

半具缘纹孔对half-bordered pit pair

具缘纹孔对bordered pit pair

单纹孔对simple pit pair

互补纹孔complementary pit

胞间隙intercellular space

纹孔膜pit membrane

纹孔腔pit cavity

纹孔室pit chamber

纹孔缘pit border

纹孔环pit annulus

纹孔塞torus

塞缘margo

纹孔道pit canal

纹孔外口outer aperture

纹孔内口inner aperture

内含纹孔口include aperture

外延纹孔口extended aperture

细胞壁加厚thickening of the cell wall

纹孔加厚spiral thickening

附物纹孔vestured pitting

隔膜Septa (septum的复数)

木素碳水化合物Lignin-carbohydratic complex 木材解剖(学) wood anatomy

管胞tracheid

轴向管胞longitudinal tracheid

径列条trabecula(trabecubae)

澳柏型加厚callitrisoid thickening

眉条crassulae

轴向索状管胞longitudinal strand tracheid

交叉场cross field

窗格状纹孔对window-like pit pair

松型纹孔对pinoid pit pair

云杉型纹孔对piceoid pit pair

杉木型纹孔对taxidioid pit pair

柏木型纹孔对cupressiod pit pair

射线管胞ray tracheid

硬松hard pine

软松soft pine

齿状突起dentate

单列射线uniseriate ray

纺锤型射线fusiform ray

结晶细胞crystal-bearing cell

上皮细胞epithelial cell

导管分子vessel element(member segment) 管孔pore

穿孔perforation

单管孔solitary pore

复管孔multiple pore

管孔链pore chain

管孔团pore cluster

单穿孔simple perforation

梯状穿孔scalariform perforation

互列纹孔式alternate pitting

对列纹孔式opposite pitting

梯纹孔式scalariform pitting

侵填体tylosis(pl.tyloses)

树胶gum

阔叶树材管胞hardwood tracheid

维管管胞vascular tracheid

环管管胞vasicentric tracheid

纤维fiber

纤维状管胞fiber tracheid

韧型纤维libriform fiber

胶质木纤维gelatinous fiber

横卧射线细胞procumbent ray cell

直立射线细胞upright ray cell

同形射线homogeneous(homocellular) ray 异形射线(heterogeneous)heterocellular ray 聚合木射线aggregate ray

油细胞oil cell

正常树胶道normal gum canal

创伤树胶道traumatic gum canal

主要成分primary components

综纤维holocellulose

非纤维素多糖noncellulosic polysaccharides 次要成分secondary components

单宁（鞣质）tannins

胶乳latex

染料dye

着色物质coloring material

灰分ash

纤维素分子链cellulose chain

吡喃葡萄糖glucopyranose

纤维二糖cellobilose

大分子macromolecule

聚合度degree of polymerization

戊聚糖pentosan

木聚糖xylan

4-甲基葡萄糖醛酸4-methylglucuronic acid

半乳糖galactose

阿拉伯糖arabinose

葡萄糖glucose

甘露糖mannose

半乳葡甘露聚糖galactoglucomannan

苯丙烷phenylpropane

紫丁香基丙烷单元syringyl unit

愈疮木基丙烷单元guaiacyl unit

对羟苯基丙烷p-hydroxyphenyl propane unit

抽提物extractive

聚酚polyphenol

香油树脂、含油树脂oleoresin

木材松节油wood turpentin

松香rosin

密度density

比重specific gravity

孔隙率porosity

晚材率summerwood percentage

水银测容器apparatus for determination of density by immersion in mercury

排水测容法determining volume by weighing before and after immersing the wood sample 基本密度basic density

生材密度green density; density of green wood

绝干密度oven-dry density

绝干重oven-dry weight

绝干状态oven-dried condition

气干密度air-dried density

气干材air-dried wood

气干状态air-dried condition

木材实质密度density of dry wood substance; cell wall density

木材含水率moisture content of wood (or M.C)

炉干法oven-drying method

蒸馏法distillation method

含水率测定仪electrical moisture meter

吸着水bound water

自由水free water

平衡含水率equilibrium moisture content(or E.M.C.)

吸湿adsorption

解吸desorption

吸湿滞后sorption hysteresis

纤维饱和点fiber saturation point(or F.S.P.)

木材最大含水率maximum moisture content of wood

收缩shrinkage

膨胀swelling

最大体积收缩和膨胀maximum volumetric shrinkage and swelling 径向收缩radial shrinkage

弦向收缩tangential shrinkage

干缩差异ratio of tangential shrinkage to radial shrinkage

纵向收缩longitudinal shrinkage

干缩系数coefficient of shrinkage

热膨胀系数coefficient of thermal expansion

木材的比热specific heat of wood

木材的热传导thermal conductivity of wood

热导率thermal conductivity

木材的导温diffusivity of wood

木材的直流电性质direct-current properties of wood

电阻electrical resistance

电传导electrical conductivity

电导率conductivity

木材的交流电性质alternating-current properties of wood

介电常数dielectric constant

功率因素power factor

极性分子polar molecule

木材的压电性质piezoelectric properties of wood

电阻型木材含水率测定仪resistance-type moisture meter

电容及射频capacity and radio-frequency

含水率测定仪power-loss type moisture meter

木材的声学性质acoustical properties of wood

木材中的声传播sound transmission in wood

木材的声速sound velocity in wood

木材的声波阻抗sound wave resistance in wood

声辐射阻尼damping of sound radiation

内摩擦internal friction

空间声学acoustics of space

声能sound energy

隔音sound transmission loss; separating noise source

吸声absorbing sound within a space

声反射reflection of sound

声压sound pressure

木材调湿humidity conditioned by wood

色度测定quantitative color measurement

木材色度color characterization of wood

木材表面性质surface properties of wood

木材的触觉特性touchable characteristics of wood

木材的视觉特性visible characteristics of wood

木材流变学rheology of wood

流变模型rheological model

弹性elasticity

弹性模量modulus of elasticity

塑性plasticity

蠕变creep

蠕变恢复creep recovery

疲劳fatigue

刚性模量modulus of rigidity

变形deformation

应变stain

应力stress

应力--应变曲线stress-strain curve

载荷loading

卸载unloading

弹性变形elastic deformation

各向异性anisotropy

正交对称性rhombic symmetry

弹性常数systems of elastic constant

弹性常数elastic constant

对称轴axis of symmetry

分应力stress component

分应变strain component

柔度compliance

木材弹性异向性the anisotropic elasticity of wood

泊松比poisson's ratio

体积模量bulk modulus

理想弹性变形ideal elastic deformation

粘滞流动变形viscous flow deformation

弹性单元elastic element

粘性单元viscous element

流变曲线flow curve

拉伸tension

压缩compression

弯曲bending

木材抗弯强度bending strength of wood

木材静曲弹性模量the modulus of elasticity in static bending of w

木材顺纹抗剪强度shearing strength parallel to grain of wood

木材顺纹抗拉强度tensile strength parallel to grain of wood

木材顺纹抗压强度compressive strength parallel to grain of wood

木材横纹压力compression perpendicular to grain of wood

木材横纹抗压弹性模量modulus of elasticity in compression perpendicular to grain of wood 木材冲击韧性toughness of wood

木材硬度hardness of wood

木材抗劈强度cleavage strength of wood

静力实验测定determination by static test

动态实验测定determination by dynamic test

无损检测nondestructive testing defects of wood 原木缺陷defects in log

锯材缺陷saw timber defects knot

节子knot

活节live knot

死节dead knot

健全节sound knot

腐朽节decay knot ;rotten knot

漏节seriously decayed knot

圆形节round knot

椭圆行节oval knot

条状节splay knot

掌状节palmate knot

隐生节enclosed knot

材边节edge knot

材面节face knot

材棱节arris knot

变色stain; discoloration

化学变色chemical stain

真菌变色fungus stain

霉菌变色discoloration by mould

变色菌变色discoloration caused by stain fungi 腐朽节变色discoloration caused by decay fungi 边材变色sap stain

青变blue stain

心材变色heart stain

腐朽decay; rot

白腐white rot

褐腐brown rot; brown decay

软腐soft rot; soft decay

根腐butt rot

干腐trunk rot

初期腐朽incipient decay

中腐intermediate decay

后期腐朽（重腐）final decay; destruction stage 虫眼insect hole

表面虫眼和虫沟surface insect-hole and gallery 深虫眼deep insect hole

针孔虫眼pin hole

小虫眼small insect hole

大虫眼large insect hole

蜂窝状孔洞honeycomb hole

裂纹shake; check

径裂heart shake

轮裂ring shake

环裂round shake

弧裂cup shake

冻裂frost crack

干裂seasoning check; drying shake

炸裂popping

劈裂felling shake

端裂end shake; end check

贯通裂through shake

材身纵裂side shake

树干形状缺陷defects of trunk shape

弯曲curvature

单向弯曲simple curvature

尖削tapering

大root swelling

树瘤cancer

木材构造缺陷defects of wood structure

扭转纹spiral

斜纹cross grain

应力木reaction wood

应压木compression wood

应拉木tension wood

双心double pith

脆心brittle heart

树脂囊resin pocket; pith pocket

乱纹（交错纹）interlocked grain; cross grain 伤疤damage

机械损伤mechanical damage

锯口偏斜deviation of saw kerf

采脂伤blaze

抽心extraction

烧伤char

夹皮inbark; bark pocket

内夹皮closed inbark

外夹皮opened bark

偏枯scar

树包knob

树脂漏resinous wood

脆性brashness

树木生长应力growth stresses in tree

湿材wet wood

微细压缩裂隙minute compression failure

木材加工缺陷defects of process

缺棱wanting arris

毛刺糙面rough saw cut

瓦棱状锯疤deep saw mark

变形change in shape

翘曲distortion; warp

顺弯bow; camber

横弯edge bend; crook

翘弯cupping

扭曲twisting; winding

方材断面菱形变形diamonding

木材分等timber grading

主要品质因子primary quality indexes

生长速度growth rate

慢生长slow growth

快生长fast growth

不同树种different species

同种不同树株different individual of the same species 树株内在不同部位different places in a tree

均匀性uniformity

心材比例proportion of heartwood

纤维长度fiber length

应力木的存在occurrence of reaction wood

幼龄材juvenile wood

成熟材mature wood

幼龄材的比例proportion of juvenile wood

纹理方向grain orientation

木材化学组成chemical composition of wood

细胞组成cellular composition

化学改良improving properties by chemical

改性木材modified woods

化学剂保持量retention

渗透度penetration

预处理pre-treatment

刻痕incising

木材防腐处理preservation process of wood

常压法non-pressure process

涂刷法brushing

喷射法spraying

短浸法dipping

浸泡法steeping

冷浴法cold soaking

冷热槽法hot and cold bath

扩散法diffusion method

加压法pressure process

满细胞法full-cell process

空细胞法empty-cell process

半空细胞法half empty-cell process

双真空法double vacuum process

木材防腐法wood preservatives

杂酚油creosote

五氯苯酚pentachlorophenol

阻燃处理fire retardant treatment(or P.C.P.)

木材可燃性combustibility of wood

着火延滞retardation of ignition

阻燃剂fire retardants

熔融剂melt-forming chemicals

泡沫剂foam-forming chemicals

灭火气体发生剂slake gas-developing chemicals

木材焦化剂wood-charring chemicals

水溶性盐类water soluble salts

木材尺寸稳定dimensional stabilization of wood

抗收缩系数anti-shrink efficient (ASE)

羟基hydroxyl group

涂覆法coating-method

润胀法bulking method

聚乙二醇polyethylene glycol(PEG)

常压热固化浸脂材impreg

高压热固化浸脂材（浸脂压缩木）compreg

木材依酰化acetylation of wood

乙酰化木材acetylated wood

乙酰基acetyl group

甲醛处理formaldehyde treatment

缩醛交联acetal cross-linkage

木材热改性thermal modification of wood

热固木staybwood ;heat-treated wood

压缩热固木staypak

竹类植物bamboo plants

竹材bamboo; bamboo wood

竹制品bamboo ware

高生长height growth

竹笋bamboo shoot

竹杆culm

节间生长internodal elongation

居间分生组织intercalary meristem

顶端分生组织区域apical meristematic zone of a bamboo shoot 原套原体tunica-corpus

（叶）原基sheath(leaf) primordia

原形成层（原维管束）procambia(provascular bundle)

筛管sieve tube

维管束vascular bundle

竹皮系统rind system of bamboo

下皮hypodermis

竹基本系统basic system of bamboo 基本组织ground tissue

髓环pith-ring

纤维帽fiber cap