英语单项知识的讲解与练习(85)

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（85）421. candid的用法candid adj.无偏见的, 公正的, 坦白的, 率直的;例句：①His words are always more candied than candid.他话语中阿谀多于诚恳。

②To be perfectly candid, I think you acted foolishly.十分坦率地说，我认为你做得很愚蠢。

③He is a very candid man and never talks in a roundabout way.他生性坦直，说话办事从来不会拐弯抹角。

④Give me a candid hearing.请你公正地听我说。

短语：candid camera用来偷拍的袖珍照相机...；candid friend敢说直话的朋友(直言...；candid phonograph快相,快拍摄影...；用法：candid后接介词to或toward，表示“对某人公正”。

如：He is candid to his opponent（对手）. 后接介词with，表示“对某人坦白”。

如：To be candid with you, I think you've acted foolishly. 后接介词about或in，表示“公正地办某事”。

如：He was candid about the matter.练习：①They’re interviewing three _____ for the post of sales manager.A. sponsorsB. candidatesC. advocatesD. opponents②I guess Jones didn’t have a chance to win the election. Almost all ofthe people in the city voted for his ____.A. opponentB. candidateC. colleagueD. advocate③To be candid, I don't like your hairstyle.A. opponentB. candidateC. colleagueD. advocate④I'm candid _____ a fault, not a diplomat.A.aboutB. withC. toD. in422. cling的用法cling vi.粘紧, 附着, 紧贴, 坚持(意见), 墨守(习惯);例句：①The wet clothes clung to his body.湿衣服紧贴在他身上。

②He clung to my arm.他紧抓着我的胳膊。

③Don't cling to the kerb when you're driving.不要紧贴路边开车。

④Leaf-tailed geckos cling to the trees, cloaked in green.叶尾壁虎紧贴在树上，隐藏在一片绿色之中。

短语：cling on the trees 粘在树上；cling onto one's mother 紧紧抱住妈妈；cling onto old fashioned ideas 墨守陈旧的观点；cling to one's body 紧贴于某人身上；cling to the hope 始终抱着希望；cling to one's mother's arm 紧握母亲的胳臂；cling to the wall 贴墙生长；cling tenaciously 固执己见；cling tightly 牢牢地抓住；用法：①cling的基本意思是臂状物、根须等悬着依附于某物,引申可表示固执地把持住所占有的或使用的东西,也可表示独立存在的事物所需要的支持。

②cling是不及物动词,表示“粘在一起”时,接副词together。

③cling后接介词to，表示“紧紧抓住、抱住”。

如：The child clung to its mother's arm. 表示“贴住、粘住”。

如：Wet clothes cling to the body. 表示“接近、靠近”。

如：The ship clung to the coast. 表示“依恋、怀恋”。

如：He clung to his memories of home. 表示“坚持、墨守”。

如：He clung to his own views.练习：①We should ________ our energy and youth to the development of our country.A. dedicateB. caterC. ascribeD.cling②At the party we found that shy girl ________ her mother all the time.A. depending onB. coinciding withC. adhering toD. clinging to③The cat tried to _____ the edge by its claws.A.clingB.cling toC.caterD.cater to④She _____ to the hope that her son was not dead.A.clingsB.is clingingC.clungD.was clinging423. avoid的用法avoid避免、回避。

例句：①You should avoid unnecessary repetition.你应避免不必要的重复。

②He'll grab at any excuse to avoid doing the dishes.他会随便找个借口来逃避洗碗。

③No one can avoid his own responsibility.没有人能够逃避自己责任。

短语：avoid sth by 靠…逃避某事；avoid studiously 小心回避；avoid totally 完全回避；avoid the topic 避开话题；avoid a contract 废止合同；avoid making a reply 避而不答；avoid mistakes 避免错误；用法：①avoid后可接动名词，不可接不定式。

如：You had better avoid reading in the train.你最好避免在地铁上阅读。

句中的reading不可改成to read。

②avoid指“避免（成功）”，若是企图避免却失败的，不可用avoid。

如：I avoided meeting him, but somehow bumped against him.句中我企图避免见他，却还是撞上了，不可单用avoid，需把avoided改成tried to avoid。

③avoid的基本意思是避开不希望发生的、不愿忍受的或不想遇上的事情。

有时含有先见之明的意味。

引申可表示“预防”或“防止”发生某事物。

avoid所表达的意图总是达成的,否则就须用try。

④avoid是及物动词,可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,不接动词不定式,可用于被动结构。

avoid, escape, miss表示“避免、回避、错过”等意时，后需要接动名词。

练习：①We can’t understand why he avoided ___ to us.A. to speakB. speechC. having spokenD. speaking②They are all afraid of him and try their best to avoid ___ his name.A. to mentionB. mentioningC. mentionD. to be mentioning③CCTV says that a storm will hit our city. In order to avoid ___, we must take our raincoats.A. to catchB. catchingC. to be caughtD. being caught④If your race car isn’t insured, you may ___ losing everything when it hits something solid.A. delayB. denyC. avoidD. risk424. balance 的用法balance n. 天平；平衡；结余，余额; v.平衡；权衡例句：①The girl lost her balance and fell off the balance beam.小女孩失去了平衡，从平衡木上摔了下来。

②Great care must be taken in the use of the balance.这种天平使用时必须十分当心。

③The company will lay off workers to balance the budget.这家公司会裁员,以平衡预算。

④The dancer could balance on one toe.舞蹈演员可以用一个脚趾平衡。

短语：on/ in balance总的说来；keep/ lose one’s balance 保持（失去）平衡、保持冷静（慌乱）；balance with/ against something使……平衡（相当）；a balance between meats and vegetables肉和蔬菜之间的平衡；out of balance 不平衡; a sense of balance 平衡感; bank balance 银行余额; balance of trade贸易差额; keep balance of nature保持生态平衡; balance against 相比较,相抵消；balance against the other 把一种与另一种进行比较；balance good qualities against shortcoming 以优点抵消缺点；balance A by B 使甲乙两方均衡；balance in one's choice 权衡利弊；balance in power 势均力敌；balance A with B 使甲乙两方均衡；用法：①balance用作名词的基本意思是“平衡,对比”,引申可表示“调和,均势”,还可表示思想或情绪上的稳定、镇定、沉着,有时还可表示重量、力量或数量上偏重,作此解是不可数名词,但其前可加不定冠词。