(完整版)2019年全国成人高考高起点《英语》考试大纲
【精品】19《英语》考试大纲.doc
19《英语》考试大纲一、指导思想为了客观地评价我校专升本学生的英语水平，保证专升本学生的生源质量，根据教育部有关精神，结合我校大学英语教学的实际情况，在参照《上饶师范学院大学英语教学大纲》的基础上，制定本考试大纲。
二、考试目标本考试采用水平测试的方法，利用科学、公平、规范的方式考查学生的英语基础和基本的应用英语语言的能力其中包括正确运用英语语法和词汇的能力、阅读英文文章的能力和一定的英文写作能力和翻译能力，为使学生能以英语为工具、获取专业所需信息，并为进一步提高知识水平和综合能力打下扎实的基础。
三、适用对象专升本学生四、考试内容与要求：考试内容分为客观测试和主观测试两大分部。
以基础知识为主要内容，体现在语法与词汇、阅读理解、翻译和写作等五个方面，难度趋于水平考试 3--4级左右。
考试方法为闭卷笔试。
（一）词汇应掌握3500个左右的英语单词，正确熟练使用由这些单词构成的常用搭配，并具备用构词法知识识别生词的能力。
（二）语法知识掌握主谓一致关系、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等句型、直接引语和间接引语的用法、动词不定式和分词的用法、各种时态、主动语态、被动语态等基本的语法知识，并注重在语篇层面上运用语法知识理解全文的能力。
（三）阅读能力考生应该能够综合运用英语语言知和阅读技能理解书面英语，能以每分钟60词的速度阅读各种题型（包括社会生活、人物传记、科普、史地、政治、经济等）和体（包括议论文、记叙文、说明文、应用文等）的文字材料。
阅读材料的生词量不超过3％。
应试学生应能够：1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；2.了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节；3.根据上下文判断某些生词或短语的意义；4．理解单词的意义和上下之间的逻辑关系；5．根据所读的材料进行一定的判断、推理；6．领会作者的观点和态度。
（四）写作能力能在30分钟内写出长度为120个单词的短文，内容切题，语句连贯，条理清楚，语言基本正确，语言通顺恰当。
(完整)2019年高考英语考试大纲(官方版).doc
2019年高考英语考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1 至附录5)，要求词汇量为3500 左右。
二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的、事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。
4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：(1)询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法;(2)做到语音、语调自然;(3)做到语言运用得体;(4)使用有效的交际策略。
附录 1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26 个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录 2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing 形式(3) 动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气。
英语 2019全国卷高考各科考试大纲
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录 1 至附录 5），要求词汇量为 3500 左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
1. 基本读音(1) 26 个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时4(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing 形式(3) 动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings) (2) 介绍(Introduction) (3) 告别 (Farewells ) (4)感谢 (Thanks ) (5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals) (14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)7(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)(34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions) (35) 高兴 (Happiness) (36) 惊奇 (Surprise) (37) 忧虑 (Worries) (38)安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾 (Regret) (41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐惧 (Fear)(43) 愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45) 时段 (Duration) (46)频度 (Frequency) (47)时序 (Sequence)5. 空间 (Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features) (52) 形状 (Shape) (53) 颜色(Colour)8(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 价格 (Price)(56) 规格 (Size)(57) 年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number)9. 比较 (Comparison)(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)5. 学校生活 (School life)6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情 (Emotions)8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物 (Shopping)12. 饮食 (Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天气 (Weather)15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17. 语言学习 (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)23. 社会 (Society)24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录5 词汇表A accommodation na(an) art accompany vabandon v accomplish vability n account nable a accountant nabnormal a accumulate vaboard prep accuracy nabolish v accurate aabortion n accuse vabout ad & prep accustomed aabove prep,a & ad ache v & nabroad ad achieve vabrupt a achievement nabsence n acid aabsent a acknowledge vabsolute a acquaintance nabsorb v acquire vabstract a & n acquisition nabsurd a acre nabundant a across prepabuse v act n & vacademic a & n academy n accelerate v accent n accept v access n & v accessible a accident n action n active a activity n actor n actress n actual a acute a AD abbrad=advertisement n afford vadapt v afraid a adaptation n Africa nadd v African a & n addicted a after ad,prep & conj addition n afternoon n address n afterward(s) ad adequate a again adadjust v against prep adjustment n age n administration n agency n admirable a agenda nadmire v agent n admission n aggressive aadmit v ago ad adolescence n agree v adolescent a & n agreement nadopt v agricultural a adore v agriculture nadult n ahead ad advance v & n aid n & v advantage n AIDS nadventure n advertise v advertisement n advice n advise v advocate v affair naffect v affection n aim n & v air n aircraft n airline n airmail n airplane n airport n airspace n alarm n & valbum n amazing a alcohol n ambassador n alcoholic a & n ambassadress n algebra n ambiguous a alike ad ambition n alive a ambulance n all ad,a & pron America n allergic a among prep alley n amount n & v allocate v ample aallow v amuse v allowance n amusement n almost ad analyse v alone a analysis n along ad & prep ancestor n alongside ad anchor v & n aloud ad ancient a alphabet n and conj already ad anecdote n also ad anger n alternative a angle n although conj angry aaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze v animal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual a another a & pron answer n & v ant nAntarctic a appropriate a antique n approval n anxiety n approve v anxious a approximately ad any pron & a apron nanybody pron arbitrary a anyhow ad arch nanyone pron architect n anything pron architecture n anyway ad Arctic a anywhere ad are v(be)apart ad & a area napartment n argue v apologize v argument n apology n arise(arose,arisen) v apparent a arithmetic n appeal v & n arm n & vappear v armchair n appearance n army nappendix n around ad & prep appetite n arrange v applaud v & n arrangement napple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle n artificial aartist nas ad,conj & prepash n attend vashamed a attention nAsia n attitude nAsian a & n attract vaside ad attraction nask v attractive aasleep a audience naspect n aunt nassess v authentic aassessment n author nassist v authority nassistance n automatic aassistant n autonomous aassociate v autumn nassociation n available aassume v avenue nassumption n average a & nastonish v avoid vastronaut n awake(awoke,awoken) v & a astronomer n award nastronomy n aware aat prep away adathlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n awesome a awful a awkward aBbaby n bachelor n back ad,a & n background nbackward(s) ad basin nbacon n basis nbacterium(pl bacteria) n basket nbad(worse,worst) a basketball n badminton n bat nbag n bath nbaggage n bathe vbakery n bathroom nbalance n bathtub nbalcony n battery nball n battle nballet n bay nballoon n BC abbrbamboo n be(am,is,are,was,ban n & v were,being,been) v banana n beach nband n bean nbandage n bean curd nbank n bear1 nbar n bear2 vbarbecue n beard nbarber n beast nbarbershop n beat(beat,beaten) v & nbare a bargain n & v bark v & n barrier n base n baseball n basement n basic a beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef n bike=bicycle n beer n bill nbefore prep,ad&conj bingo nbeg v biochemistry n begin(began,begun) v biography n behalf n biology n behave v bird n behaviour(Am behavior) n birth nbehind prep & ad birthday n being n birthplace n belief n biscuit n believe v bishop nbell n bit nbelly n bite(bit,bitten) v belong v bitter abelow prep black a & n belt n blackboard n bench n blame n & v bend(bent,bent) v blank n & a beneath prep blanket n beneficial a bleed v benefit n & v bless vbent a & n beside prep besides prep & ad betray v between prep beyond prep bicycle nbid v & nbig a blind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil v brain nbomb n & v brake n & vbond n & v branch nbone n brand nbonus n brave abook n & v bravery nboom n & v bread nboot n break(broke,broken) v & n booth n breakfast nborder n breakthrough nbored a breast nboring a breath nborn a breathe vborrow v breathless aboss n brewery nbotanical a brick nbotany n bride nboth a & pron bridegroom nbother v bridge nbottle n brief abottom n bright abounce v brilliant abound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycott v bring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast 或-ed,-ed) v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch n Cbrush v & n cab nBuddhism n cabbage nbudget n cafe nbuffet n cafeteria nbuild(built,built) v cage nbuilding n cake nbunch n calculate v bungalow n call n & vburden n calm a & v bureaucratic a camel nburglar n camera nburn(burnt,burnt camp n & v或-ed,-ed) v & n campaign nburst v can1(could);bury v can’t=cannot modal v bus n can2 nbush n canal nbusiness n cancel v businessman/woman cancer n(pl businessmen/ women) n candidate nbusy a candle nbut conj & prep candy nbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) v by prepbye int canteen n cap n capital n capsule n captain n caption n car n carbon ncard n ceiling ncare n & v celebrate vcareful a celebration n careless a cell ncarpenter n cent ncarpet n centigrade acarriage n centimetrecarrier n (Am centimeter) n carrot n central acarry v centre(Am center) n cartoon n century ncarve v ceremony ncase n certain acash n & v certificate ncassette n chain ncast(cast,cast) v chair ncastle n chairman/woman casual a (pl chairmen/women) n cat n chalk ncatalogue n challenge n catastrophe n challenging acatch(caught,caught) v champion ncategory ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & v caution n cautious acave nCD=compact disk n chance nchange n & v changeable a channel nchant v & n chaos nchapter n character n characteristic a & ncharge v & n Christmas n chart n church nchat n & v cigar n cheap a cigarette n cheat n & v cinema n check n & v circle n & v cheek n circuit n cheer n & v circulate v cheerful a circumstance n cheers int circus n cheese n citizen nchef n city n chemical a & n civil a chemist n civilian n chemistry n civilization n cheque(Am check) n clap vchess n clarify v chest n class nchew v classic a chicken n classify v chief a & n classmate n child(pl children) n classroom nchildhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian n claw n clay n clean v & a cleaner n clear a clerk n clever a click v climate nclimb v come(came,come) v clinic n comedy nclock n comfort nclone v comfortable a close a & ad command n & v cloth n comment n clothes n commercial a clothing n commit vcloud n commitment n cloudy a committee nclub n common a clumsy a communicate v coach n communication n coal n communism n coast n communist n & a coat n companion n cocoa n company ncoffee n compare vcoin n compass n coincidence n compensate vcoke n compete vcold a & n competence ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & v combine v competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer nconcentrate v constant a concept n constitution n concern v & n construct v concert n construction n conclude v consult v conclusion n consultant n concrete a consume v condemn v contain v condition n container n conduct v contemporary a conductor n content1 n conference n content2 a confident a continent n confidential a continue v confirm v contradict v conflict n contradictory a confuse v contrary n & a congratulate v contribute v congratulation n contribution n connect v control v & n connection n controversial a conscience n convenience n consensus n convenient aconsequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n & v creature ncorn n credit ncorner n crew n corporation n crime ncorrect v & a criminal n correction n criterion(pl criteria) n correspond v crop ncorrupt a & v cross n & vcost n & v crossing ncosy(Am cozy) a crossroads n cottage n crowd n & vcotton n & a cruel acough n & v cry n & vcould modal v cube ncount v cubic acounter n cuisine ncountry n culture n countryside n cup ncouple n cupboard n courage n cure n & vcourse n curious acourt n currency ncourtyard n cousin n cover n & v cow n crash v & n crayon n crazy a cream n create v curriculum n curtain n cushion n custom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist ndeclare vD decline vdad=daddy n decorate vdaily a,ad & n decoration ndam n decrease vdamage n & v deed ndamp a & n deep a & addance n & v deer ndanger n defeat vdangerous a defence(Am defense) n dare v & modal v defend vdark a & n degree ndarkness n delay n & vdash v & n delete v & ndata n deliberately ad database n delicate adate n & v delicious a daughter n delight ndawn n delighted aday n deliver vdead a demand vdeadline n dentist ndeaf adeal ndear a death n debate n & v debt n decade n decide v decision n department(Dept.) n departure n depend vdeposit v & n depth ndescribe v description n desert v & n deserve vdesign v & n dilemma n desire v & n dimension n desk n dinner n desperate a dinosaur n dessert n dioxide n destination n dip vdestroy v diploma n detective n direct a & v determine v direction n develop v director n development n directory n devote v dirty a devotion n disability n diagram n disabled adial v disadvantage n dialogue(Am dialog) n disagree v diamond n disagreement n diary n disappear v dictation n disappoint v dictionary n disappointed a die v disaster ndiet n discount ndiffer v difference n different a difficult a difficulty n dig(dug,dug) v digest v digital a dignity n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n downstairs ad dislike v downtown ad,n & a dismiss v dozen ndistance n Dr=doctor n distant a draft n & v distinction n drag vdistinguish v draw(drew,drawn) v distribute v drawback ndistrict n drawer ndisturb v dream(dreamt,dreamt disturbing a 或-ed,-ed) n & v dive v dress n & vdiverse a drill n & vdivide v drink(drank,drunk) v division n drive(drove,driven) v divorce v driver ndizzy a drop n & vdo(did,done) v drug ndoctor n drum ndocument n drunk adog n dry v & adoll n duck ndollar ndonate vdoor n dormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & v due adull a dumpling n during prep dusk n dust n dustbin n dusty a duty nDVD=digital versatile disk n elect v dynamic a electric a dynasty n electrical aelectricity nE electronic a each a & pron elegant aeager a elephant n eagle n else adear n e-mail n & v early a & ad embarrass v earn v embassy n earth n emergency n earthquake n emperor neast a,ad & n employ v Easter n empty a eastern a encourage v easy a encouragement n eat(ate,eaten) v end n & v ecology n ending nedge n endless a edition n enemy neditor n energetic aeducate v education n educator neffect neffort negg neggplant n either a,conj & ad elder n energy nengine n engineer nenjoy venjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a & ad enquiry nenter venterprise n everything pron entertainment n everywhere ad enthusiastic a evidence nentire a evident a entrance n evolution nentry n exact aenvelope n exam=examination n environment n examine venvy v & n example nequal a & v excellent a equality n except prepequip v exchange n & v equipment n excite veraser n excuse n & verror n exercise n & v erupt v exhibition n escape n & v exist vespecially ad existence nessay n exit nEurope n expand v European a & n expect vevaluate v expectation neven ad evening n event n eventually ad ever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert n explain v explanation n explicit a explode vexplore v fantastic aexport n & v fantasy nexpose v far(farther,farthestexpress v & n 或 further,furthest) a & ad expression n fare nextension n farm nextra a farmer nextraordinary a fast a & adextreme a fasten veye n fat n & aeyesight n father nfault nF favour(Am favor) nface n & v favourite(Am favorite) a & n facial a fax n & vfact n fear nfactory n feast nfade v feather nfail v & n federal afailure n fee nfair1 a feed(fed,fed) vfair2 n feel(felt,felt) vfaith n feeling nfall1(fell,fallen) v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v & a fellow n female a & n fence nferry n festival n & a fetch v fever nfew pron & afibre(Am fiber) n flat2 nfiction n flee(fled,fled) v field n flesh nfierce a flexible afight(fought,fought) n & v flight nfigure n & v float vfile n flood n & vfill v floor nfilm n & v flour nfinal a flow vfinance n flower nfind(found,found) v flu nfine1 a fluency nfine2 v fluent afinger n fly1(flew,flown) v fingernail n fly2 nfinish v & n focus v & nfire n & v fog nfireworks n foggy afirm1 n fold vfirm2 a folk n & afish n & v follow v fisherman n fond afist n food nfit a & v fix vflag n flame n flash n flashlight n flat1 a fool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep & conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force vforecast n & v frequent a forehead n fresh aforeign a friction n foreigner n fridge=refrigerator n foresee(foresaw,foreseen) v friend nforest n friendly aforever ad friendship nforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v frighten v forgetful a frog nforgive(forgave,forgiven) v from prepfork n front a & nform n & v frontier nformat n frost nformer a fruit nfortnight n fry vfortunate a fuel nfortune n full aforward ad fun n & afoster v function n & v found v fundamental a fountain n funeral nfox n funny afragile afragrant a framework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing a fur n furnished a furniture n future nGgain v gallery n gallon ngame n glue ngarage n go(went,gone) v garbage n goal ngarden n goat ngarlic n god ngarment n gold n & agas n golden agate n golf ngather v good(better,best) a gay a goods ngeneral a & n goose(pl geese) n generation n govern v generous a government n gentle a grade n gentleman n gradual a geography n graduate v geometry n graduation n gesture n grain nget(got,got) v gram ngift n grammar ngifted a grand agiraffe n grandchild ngirl ngive(gave,given) v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp v。
2019英语高考考试大纲
1英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录 1 至附录5），要求词汇量为3500 左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；2（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
3附录 1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26 个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异4附录 2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(2) 一般过去时5(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing 形式(3) 动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语616. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气7附录 3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(Social Communications)(1) 问候(Greetings)(2) 介绍(Introduction)(3) 告别(Farewells )(4) 感谢(Thanks )(5) 道歉(Apologies)(6) 邀请(Invitation)(7) 请求允许(Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助(Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会(Making appointments)(12) 打电话(Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐(Having meals)(14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物(Shopping)(16) 问路(Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意(Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告(Advice)(22) 建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够(Ability and inability)8(28) 偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29) 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡(Indifference)(34) 判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(35) 高兴(Happiness)(37) 忧虑(Worries)(38) 安慰(Reassurance)(39) 满意(Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾(Regret)(41) 同情(Sympathy)(42) 恐惧(Fear)(43) 愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44) 时刻(Point of time)(45) 时段(Duration)(46) 频度(Frequency)(47) 时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(48) 位置(Position)(49) 方向(Direction)(50) 距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(51) 存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征(Features)(52) 形状(Shape)(53) 颜色(Colour)9(54) 材料(Material)(55) 价格(Price)(56) 规格(Size)(57) 年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(58) 长度(Length)(59) 宽度(Width)(60) 高度(Height)(61) 数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62) 同级比较(Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66) 目的(Purpose)11. 职业(Occupations)(67) 工作(Jobs)(68) 单位(Employer)10附录 4 话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)4. 日常活动(Daily routines)5. 学校生活(School life)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物(Shopping)12. 饮食(Food and drink)13. 健康(Health)14. 天气(Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17. 语言学习(Language learning)18. 自然(Nature)19. 世界与环境(The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题(Topical issues)22. 历史与地理(History and geography)23. 社会(Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literature and art)11附录 5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prepabove prep,a & adabroad adabrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute aabsorb vabstract a & nabsurd aabundant aabuse vacademic a & naccelerate vaccent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate aaccuse v accustomed a ache v & nachieve v achievement nacid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbr12ad=advertisement n adapt vadaptation nadd vaddicted aaddition naddress n adequate aadjust vadministration n admirable aadmire vadmission nadmit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep & conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent naggressive aago adagree vagreement n agricultural a agriculture nahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair nairline nairmail nairplane nairport nairspace nalarm n & v13album nalcohol nalcoholic a & nalgebra nalike adalive aall ad,a & pronallergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative aalthough conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing aambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous aambition nambulance nAmerica namount n & v ample aamuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual aanother a & pron answer n & vant n14Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite napplication napply vappoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval napprove v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture nArctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & varmchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj & prep 15ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & naspect nassess vassessment nassist vassistance nassistant nassociate vassociation nassume vassumption nastonish vastronaut nastronomer nastronomy nat prepathlete nathletic aAtlantic aatmosphere natom nattach vattack v & nattain vattempt v & nattend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & aawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a & n background n16backward(s) adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic abasin nbasis nbasket nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been) vbeach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee n17beef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbend(bent,bent) v beneath prep beneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prep besides prep & ad betray vbetween prep beyond prep bicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace nbiscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & vblank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody n18bomb n & vbond n & vbone nbonus nbook n & vboom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn aborrow vboss nbotanical abotany nboth a & pronbother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound aboundary nbow v & nbowl nbowling nbox nboxing nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast nbreakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast 或-ed,-ed) v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & a19brunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) vbuilding nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj & prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & vcampaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon n20card ncare n & vcareful acareless acarpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcast(cast,cast) vcastle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate vcelebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center) n century nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n & v changeable achannel nchant v & ncharacteristic a & n21charge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & nchemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood nchocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate vcircumstance ncircus ncity ncivil acivilian n civilization n clap vclarify vclass n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v & a cleaner n clear aclerk nclever aclick v climate n22climb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy aclub nclumsy a coach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa n coffee ncoin n coincidence n coke ncold a & n collar n colleague ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) v comedy ncomfort ncomfortable a command n & v comment n commercial acommit vcommitment n committee ncommon a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company ncompare vcompass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n23concentrate vconcept nconcern v & nconcert nconclude vconclusion nconcrete aconductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience nconventional a conversation n convey v convince vcook n & v cooker ncookie ncool a24copy n & vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & vcosy(Am cozy) a cottage ncotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count vcounter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourt n courtyard n cousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & n crayon ncrazy acream ncreate v creature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncrop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads n crowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & v curious a currency n curriculum n curtain ncushion n custom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist n25Ddad=daddy n daily a,ad & n dam ndamage n & v damp a & n dance n & v danger n dangerous adare v & modal v dark a & n darkness ndash v & ndata ndatabase ndate n & v daughter ndawn nday ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & vdebt ndecade ndecide vdecision ndeclare vdecline vdecorate vdecoration ndecrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately addelicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist ndepartment(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe vdescription ndesert v & ndeserve v26design v & ndesire v & ndesk ndestination ndestroy vdetective ndetermine vdevelop v development ndevote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond ndiary ndictation ndictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference ndifferent adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug) vdigest vdigital adignity ndilemma ndimension ndinner ndinosaur ndioxide ndip vdiploma ndirect a & vdirection ndirector ndirectory ndirty adisability ndisabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear vdisappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting adish n27disk=disc ndislike vdismiss v distance ndistant a distinction n distinguish v distribute vdistrict ndisturb v disturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision ndivorce vdizzy ado(did,done) v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & vdown prep & ad download n & v downstairs addozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt或-ed,-ed) n & vdress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) vdrive(drove,driven) vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty n28DVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a & proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad & nEaster neastern aeat(ate,eaten) v ecology nedge nedition neditor neducate v education n educator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj & ad elder nelect velectric aelectrical a electricity n electronic aelegant aelephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor nemploy vempty aencourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy nenergetic aenergy nengine nengineer nenjoy venjoyable aenlarge venough pron,a & ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic aentire aentrance nentry nenvelope n environment nenvy v & nequal a & vequality nequip vequipment neraser nerror nerupt vescape n & v especially adessay nEurope nEuropean a & n evaluate veven adevening nevent neventually adever adevery aeverybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident aevolution nexact aexam=examination n examine vexample nexcellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & vexistence nexit nexpand v expect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert n explain v explanation n explicit a explode v30explore v export n & v expose v express v & n expression n extension n extra a extraordinary a extreme aeye neyesight nFface n & v facial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2 nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar afancy n,v & afantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron & a31fibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afind(found,found) v fine1 afine2 vfinger nfingernail nfinish v & nfire n & vfireworks nfirm1 nfirm2 afish n & v fisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat1 aflat2 nflee(fled,fled) v flesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep & conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force v32forecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) vfork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant aframework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) vfreezing afrequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator nfriend nfriendly afriendship nfrom prep front a & n frontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & a function n & v fundamental a funeral n funny afur n furnished a furniture n future nGgain vgallery n gallon n33game n garage n garbage n garden n garlic n garment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation n generous a gentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture nget(got,got) v gift ngifted a giraffe ngive(gave,given) vglad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove nglue ngo(went,gone) vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n & agolden agolf ngood(better,best) a goods ngoose(pl geese) n govern vgovernment ngrade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp v34grass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & adgreedy agreengrocer ngreet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown) vgrowth nguarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed) v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) nhard ad & ahardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v & n35have(has,had,had) v he pronhead n & v headache n headline n headmaster n headmistress n health nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight nhelicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pronhesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) v high a & adhighway nhill nhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & nhobby nhold(held,held) vhole nholiday nholy ahome n & adhomeland nhometown nhomework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n & vhostess n36hot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife nhousework nhow adhowever ad & conjhowl vhug vhuge ahuman a & nhuman being n humorous ahumour(Am humor) n hunger nhungry ahurricane n hurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream n idea n identification n identity nidiom nif conjignore vill aillegal aillness n imagine v immediately ad immigration n import v & n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & ad inch nincident n include v income n increase v & n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform v37information n initial ainn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist vinspect vinspire vinstant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval n interview n & v into prep introduce v introduction n invent v invention n invitation n invite viron n & v irrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) n job njog vjoin vjoke n38journalist njourney njoy njudge n & vjudgement(Am judgment) njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept) vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) n kind1 nkind2 akindergarten nkindness nking nkingdom nkiss n & vkitchen nknife(pl knives) n knock n & vknow(knew,known) v knowledge nLlab=laboratory n labour(Am labor) n lack n & vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n & vlanguage nlantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & adlatter nlaugh n & vlaughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer n39lay(laid,laid) vlazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt或-ed,-ed) vleast nleather nleave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad & nleg nlegal alemon n & alesson nlet(let,let) vletter nlevel nliberation n liberty nlibrarian nlibrary nlicense nlid nlie1 n & vlie2(lay,lain) vlife(pl lives) nlift v & nlight n,v & a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten vliterature n literary alitre(Am liter) n litter vlittle(less,least) a live v & alively aload nloaf nlocal alock n & vlonely along a & adlook n & vloose alorry n。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲：英语
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲正式公布普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲是高考命题的规范性文件和标准。
根据高考内容改革要求修订考试大纲，是保证考试科学公平、促进素质教育发展的一项重要工作。
现将2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲予以公布。
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读物我问(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes andcongratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Languagedifficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (Indifference) (34) 判断与评价 (Judgement andevaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions)(35) 高兴 (Happiness)(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)(37) 忧虑 (Worries)(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾 (Regret)(41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐惧 (Fear)(43) 愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45) 时段 (Duration)(46) 频度 (Frequency)(47) 时序 (Sequence)5. 空间 (Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence andNon-existence)7. 特征 (Features)(52) 形状 (Shape)(53) 颜色 (Colour)(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 价格 (Price)(56) 规格 (Size)(57) 年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number)9. 比较 (Comparison)(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)10附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)5. 学校生活 (School life)6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情 (Emotions)8. 人际关系 (Interpersonalrelationships)9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays andcelebrations)11. 购物 (Shopping)12. 饮食 (Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天气 (Weather)15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment andsports)16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17. 语言学习 (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世界与环境 (The world and theenvironment)20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular scienceand modern technology)21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)23. 社会 (Society)24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prepabove prep,a & adabroad ad abrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a & n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate v accent n accept v access n & v accessible a accident n accommodation naccompany vaccomplish vaccount naccountant naccumulate vaccuracy naccurate aaccuse vaccustomed aache v & nachieve vachievement nacid aacknowledge vacquaintance nacquire vacquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement nadapt vadaptation nadd vaddicted aaddition naddress nadequate a adjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep & conjafternoon nafterward(s) adagain adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent naggressive aago adagree vagreement nagricultural aagriculture nahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail nairplane nairport nairspace nalarm n & v album nalcohol n alcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a & pron allergic aalley nallocate v allow v allowance n almost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside ad aloud ad alphabet nalready adalso adalternative aalthough conjaltitude naltogether adaluminium(Am aluminum) nalways adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbramateur aamaze vamazing aambassador nambassadress nambiguous aambition nambulance nAmerica namong prepamount n & vample aamuse vamusement nanalyse vanalysis nancestor nanchor v & nancient aand conjanecdote nanger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual aanother a & pron answer n & vant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway adanywhere adapart ad & aapartment napologize vapology napparent aappeal v & nappear vappearance nappendix nappetite napplaud v & napple napplicant napplication napply vappoint vappointment nappreciate vappreciation napproach n & vappropriate aapproval napprove vapproximately adapron narbitrary aarch narchitect narchitecture nArctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & varmchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement narrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj & prepash n ashamed aAsia nAsian a & naside adask vasleep aaspect nassess vassessment nassist vassistance nassistant nassociate vassociation nassume vassumption nastonish vastronaut nastronomer nastronomy nat prepathlete nathletic aAtlantic aatmosphere natom nattach vattack v & nattain vattempt v & nattend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & a award naware aaway adawesome aawful a awkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a & nbackground nbackward(s) adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) nbad(worse,worst) abadminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic abasin nbasis nbasket n basketball nbat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was, were,being,been) v beach nbean n bean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & nbeautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) vbed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) vbehalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior) nbehind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent) vbeneath prepbeneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prep besides prep & ad betray vbetween prep beyond prep bicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace nbiscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) vbitter ablack a & nblackboard nblame n & vblank n & ablanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) vblue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & vbond n & vbone nbonus nbook n & vboom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn aborrow vboss n botanical a botany nboth a & pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling nbox nboxing nboy nboycott v brain n brake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & nbreakfast nbreakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) vbroad abroadcast(broadcast,broadcast或-ed,-ed) vbrochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) vbuilding nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj & prepbutcher n & v butter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & vcampaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal vcan2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful a careless a carpenter n carpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & v cassette ncast(cast,cast) v castle n casual acat ncatalogue ncatastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) vcategory ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk nceiling ncelebrate vcelebration ncell ncent ncentigrade acentimetre(Am centimeter) ncentral acentre(Am center) ncentury nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) nchalk nchallenge nchallenging achampion nchance nchange n & v changeable achannel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a & n charge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful a cheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & nchemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) nchess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) nchildhood nchocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) vchopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate vcircumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization n clap vclarify v class nclassic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v & a cleaner n clear aclerk nclever aclick v climate n climb v clinic nclock nclone vclose a & adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & vcomb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) vcomedy ncomfort ncomfortable acommand n & vcomment ncommercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & ncomponent ncomposition ncomprehension ncompromise vcompulsory acomputer nconcentrate vconcept nconcern v & nconcert nconclude vconclusion nconcrete acondemn vcondition nconduct vconductor nconference nconfident aconfidential aconfirm vconflict nconfuse vcongratulate vcongratulation nconnect vconnection nconscience nconsensus nconsequence nconservation nconservative aconsider vconsiderate aconsideration nconsist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & acontribute vcontribution ncontrol v & ncontroversial aconvenience nconvenient aconventional aconversation nconvey vconvince vcook n & vcooker ncookie ncool acopy n & vcorn ncorner ncorporation ncorrect v & acorrection ncorrespond vcorrupt a & vcost n & vcosy(Am cozy) acottage ncotton n & acough n & vcould modal vcount vcounter ncountry ncountryside ncouple ncourage ncourse ncourt ncourtyard ncousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & ncrayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcreature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing ncrossroads ncrowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & vcurious acurrency ncurriculum ncurtain ncushion ncustom ncustomer ncustoms ncut(cut,cut) v & ncycle vcyclist nDdad=daddy ndaily a,ad & ndam ndamage n & vdamp a & ndance n & vdanger ndangerous adare v & modal vdark a & ndarkness ndash v & ndata n database n date n & v daughter n dawn nday ndead a deadline n deaf adeal ndear adeath n debate n & v debt n decade n decide v decision n declare v decline vdecorate vdecoration ndecrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) ndefend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & ndeliberately addelicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist ndepartment(Dept.) ndeparture ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe vdescription ndesert v & ndeserve vdesign v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert ndestination ndestroy vdetective n determine vdevelop v development ndevote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond ndiary ndictation ndictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference n different adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug) vdigest vdigital adignity ndilemma ndimension ndinner ndinosaur ndioxide ndip vdiploma ndirect a & vdirection ndirector ndirectory ndirty adisability ndisabled adisadvantage ndisagree vdisagreement ndisappear vdisappoint vdisappointed adisaster ndiscount ndiscourage vdiscover vdiscovery ndiscrimination ndiscuss vdiscussion ndisease ndisgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing a dive v diverse a divide v division n divorce v dizzy ado(did,done) vdoctor ndocument ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) ndot ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown prep & addownload n & vdownstairs addowntown ad,n & adozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) vdrawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt或-ed,-ed) n & vdress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) vdrive(drove,driven) vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a & proneager aeagle near n early a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad & nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten) vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate veducation neducator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj & adelder nelect velectric aelectrical aelectricity nelectronic aelegant aelephant nelse ade-mail n & vembarrass vembassy nemergency nemperor nemploy vempty aencourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy nenergetic aenergy nengine nengineer nenjoy venjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a & ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment nenthusiastic aentire aentrance nentry nenvelope nenvironment nenvy v & nequal a & vequality nequip vequipment neraser nerror nerupt vescape n & vespecially adessay nEurope nEuropean a & nevaluate veven adevening nevent neventually adever adevery aeverybody proneveryday aeveryone proneverything proneverywhere adevidence nevident aevolution nexact aexam=examination n examine vexample nexcellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience nexperiment nexpert nexplain vexplanation nexplicit aexplode vexplore vexport n & vexpose vexpress v & nexpression nextension nextra aextraordinary aextreme aeye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2 nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) vfall2(Am)=autumn nfalse afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v & afantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) nfavourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast n feather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron & afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & vfigure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found) vfine1 afine2 vfinger nfingernail nfinish v & nfire n & vfireworks nfirm1 nfirm2 afish n & vfisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat1 aflat2 nflee(fled,fled) v flesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour n flow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep & conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) vforce vforecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) vforest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) vforgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) vfork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant aframework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing afrequent a fresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator nfriend nfriendly afriendship nfrighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & nfrontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & afunction n & vfundamental afuneral nfunny afur nfurnished afurniture nfuture nGgain vgallery ngallon n33game ngarage ngarbage ngarden ngarlic ngarment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation n generous agentle a gentleman n geography n geometry ngesture nget(got,got) vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove nglue ngo(went,gone) vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n & agolden agolf ngood(better,best) agoods ngoose(pl geese) ngovern vgovernment ngrade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild ngranddaughter ngrandma=grandmother ngrandpa=grandfather ngrandparents ngrandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & ad greedy agreen a & n greengrocer n greet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) a grill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown) v growth nguarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium ngymnastics nHhabit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed) vhappen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) nhard ad & ahardly adhardship n hardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v & nhave(has,had,had) v he pronhead n & v headache nheadline n headmaster n headmistress n health nhealthy a hear(heard,heard) vhearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight nhelicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pronhesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) vhigh a & adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & nhobby nhold(held,held) vhole nholiday nholy ahome n & adhomeland nhometown nhomework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n & vhostess nhot a hotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife nhousework nhow adhowever ad & conjhowl vhug vhuge ahuman a & nhuman being nhumorous ahumour(Am humor) nhunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) vhusband nhydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea nidentification nidentity nidiom nif conjignore vill aillegal aillness n imagine v immediately ad immigration n import v & n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & ad inch nincident n include v income n increase v & n indeed a independence nindependent aindicate vindustry ninfluence n & vinform vinformation ninitial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent ainsect ninsert vinside prep & adinsist vinspect vinspire vinstant ainstead adinstitute ninstitution ninstruct vinstruction ninstrument ninsurance ninsure vintelligence nintend vintention ninterest ninteresting ainternational aInternet ninterpreter ninterrupt v interval n interview n & v into prep introduce v introduction n invent v invention n invitation n invite viron n & v irrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJ jacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) njob njog vjoin vjoke n38journalist njourney njoy njudge n & vjudgement(Am judgment) njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept) vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo n。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语
英语
考核目标与要求
一、语言知识
要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录 1 至附录 5），要求词汇量为 3500 左右。
二、语言运用
1．听力
要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：
（1）理解主旨要义；
（2）获取具体的事实性信息；
（3）对所听内容做出推断；
（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读
要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：
（1）理解主旨要义；
（2）理解文中具体信息；
（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；
（4）做出判断和推理；
（5）理解文章的基本结构；
（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作
要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：
（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；
（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语
要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：
（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；
1。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲 英语
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录 1 至附录 5），要求词汇量为 3500 左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录 1语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录 2语法项目表1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10.时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing 形式(3)动词的-ed 形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录 3功能意念项目表1.社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2.态度 (Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29)意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31)表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32)责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡 (Indifference)(34)判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions)(35)高兴 (Happiness)(36)惊奇 (Surprise)(37)忧虑 (Worries)(38)安慰 (Reassurance)(39)满意 (Satisfaction)(40)遗憾 (Regret)(41)同情 (Sympathy)(42)恐惧 (Fear)(43)愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44)时刻 (Point of time)(45)时段 (Duration)(46)频度 (Frequency)(47)时序 (Sequence)5.空间 (Space) (48)位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6.存在 (Existence)(51)存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features)(52)形状 (Shape)(53)颜色 (Colour)(54)材料 (Material)(55)价格 (Price)(56)规格 (Size)(57)年龄 (Age)8.计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number)9.比较 (Comparison)(62)同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63)差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64)相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65)原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66)目的 (Purpose)11.职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)附录 4话题项目表1.个人情况 (Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3.周围的环境 (Personal environments)4.日常活动 (Daily routines)5.学校生活 (School life)6.兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情 (Emotions)8.人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11.购物 (Shopping)12.饮食 (Food and drink)13.健康 (Health)14.天气 (Weather)15.文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16.旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17.语言学习 (Language learning)18.自然 (Nature)19.世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21.热点话题 (Topical issues)22.历史与地理 (History and geography)23.社会 (Society)24.文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录 5 词汇表A accommodation na(an) art accompany vabandon v accomplish vability n account nable a accountant nabnormal a accumulate vaboard prep accuracy nabolish v accurate aabortion n accuse vabout ad & prep accustomed a above prep,a & ad ache v & nabroad ad achieve vabrupt a achievement n absence n acid aabsent a acknowledge v absolute a acquaintance n absorb v acquire vabstract a & n acquisition nabsurd a acre nabundant a across prepabuse v act n & vacademic a & n action nacademy n active aaccelerate v activity naccent n actor naccept v actress naccess n & v actual aaccessible a acute aaccident n AD abbrad=advertisement n afford vadapt v afraid a adaptation n Africa nadd v African a & n addicted a after ad,prep & conj addition n afternoon n address n afterward(s) ad adequate a again adadjust v against prep adjustment n age n administration n agency n admirable a agenda nadmire v agent n admission n aggressive a admit v ago ad adolescence n agree v adolescent a & n agreement n adopt v agricultural a adore v agriculture nadult n ahead ad advance v & n aid n & v advantage n AIDS n adventure n aim n & v advertise v air n advertisement n aircraft nadvice n airline nadvise v airmail n advocate v airplane naffair n airport naffect v airspace n affection n alarm n & valbum n amazing a alcohol n ambassador n alcoholic a & n ambassadress n algebra n ambiguous a alike ad ambition n alive a ambulance nall ad,a & pron America n allergic a among prep alley n amount n & v allocate v ample aallow v amuse v allowance n amusement n almost ad analyse valone a analysis n along ad & prep ancestor n alongside ad anchor v & n aloud ad ancient a alphabet n and conj already ad anecdote nalso ad anger n alternative a angle n although conj angry a altitude n animal n altogether ad ankle n aluminium anniversary n (Am aluminum) n announce v always ad annoy vam v(be) annual aa.m./am,A.M./AM abbr another a & pron amateur a answer n & v amaze v ant nAntarctic a appropriate a antique n approval n anxiety n approve v anxious a approximately ad any pron & a apron n anybody pron arbitrary a anyhow ad arch nanyone pron architect n anything pron architecture n anyway ad Arctic a anywhere ad are v(be)apart ad & a area n apartment n argue v apologize v argument n apology n arise(arose,arisen) v apparent a arithmetic n appeal v & n arm n & vappear v armchair n appearance n army n appendix n around ad & prep appetite n arrange v applaud v & n arrangement n apple n arrest v applicant n arrival n application n arrive vapply v arrow nappoint v art n appointment n article n appreciate v artificial a appreciation n artist n approach n & v as ad,conj & prepash n attend vashamed a attention nAsia n attitude nAsian a & n attract vaside ad attraction nask v attractive aasleep a audience naspect n aunt nassess v authentic aassessment n author nassist v authority nassistance n automatic aassistant n autonomous aassociate v autumn nassociation n available aassume v avenue nassumption n average a & nastonish v avoid vastronaut n awake(awoke,awoken) v & a astronomer n award nastronomy n aware aat prep away adathlete n awesome aathletic a awful aAtlantic a awkward aatmosphere natom n Battach v baby nattack v & n bachelor nattain v back ad,a & nattempt v & n background nbackward(s) ad basin nbacon n basis nbacterium(pl bacteria) n basket nbad(worse,worst) a basketball nbadminton n bat nbag n bath nbaggage n bathe vbakery n bathroom nbalance n bathtub nbalcony n battery nball n battle nballet n bay nballoon n BC abbrbamboo n be(am,is,are,was,ban n & v were,being,been) v banana n beach nband n bean nbandage n bean curd nbank n bear1 nbar n bear2 vbarbecue n beard nbarber n beast nbarbershop n beat(beat,beaten) v & n bare a beautiful abargain n & v beauty nbark v & n because conjbarrier n become(became,become) v base n bed nbaseball n beddings nbasement n bedroom nbasic a bee nbeef n bike=bicycle n beer n bill nbefore prep,ad&conj bingo nbeg v biochemistry n begin(began,begun) v biography n behalf n biology n behave v bird nbehaviour(Am behavior) n birth nbehind prep & ad birthday nbeing n birthplace nbelief n biscuit nbelieve v bishop nbell n bit nbelly n bite(bit,bitten) v belong v bitter abelow prep black a & nbelt n blackboard n bench n blame n & vbend(bent,bent) v blank n & a beneath prep blanket n beneficial a bleed vbenefit n & v bless vbent a & n blind abeside prep block n & v besides prep & ad blood nbetray v blouse n between prep blow(blew,blown) v beyond prep blue n & a bicycle n board n & vbid v & n boat nbig a body nboil v brain nbomb n & v brake n & vbond n & v branch nbone n brand nbonus n brave abook n & v bravery nboom n & v bread nboot n break(broke,broken) v & n booth n breakfast nborder n breakthrough nbored a breast nboring a breath nborn a breathe vborrow v breathless aboss n brewery nbotanical a brick nbotany n bride nboth a & pron bridegroom nbother v bridge nbottle n brief abottom n bright abounce v brilliant abound a bring(brought,brought) v boundary n broad abow v & n broadcast(broadcast,bowl n broadcast 或-ed,-ed) v bowling n brochure nbox n broken aboxing n broom nboy n brother nboycott v brown n & abrunch n Cbrush v & n cab nBuddhism n cabbage nbudget n cafe nbuffet n cafeteria nbuild(built,built) v cage nbuilding n cake nbunch n calculate v bungalow n call n & vburden n calm a & v bureaucratic a camel nburglar n camera nburn(burnt,burnt camp n & v或-ed,-ed) v & n campaign nburst v can1(could);bury v can’t=cannot modal vbus n can2 nbush n canal nbusiness n cancel vbusinessman/woman cancer n(pl businessmen/ women) n candidate nbusy a candle nbut conj & prep candy nbutcher n & v canteen nbutter n cap nbutterfly n capital nbutton n & v capsule nbuy(bought,bought) v captain nby prep caption nbye int car ncarbon ncard n ceiling ncare n & v celebrate vcareful a celebration n careless a cell ncarpenter n cent ncarpet n centigrade a carriage n centimetrecarrier n (Am centimeter) n carrot n central acarry v centre(Am center) n cartoon n century ncarve v ceremony ncase n certain acash n & v certificate n cassette n chain ncast(cast,cast) v chair ncastle n chairman/woman casual a (pl chairmen/women) n cat n chalk ncatalogue n challenge n catastrophe n challenging acatch(caught,caught) v champion n category n chance ncater v change n & v Catholic a changeable acattle n channel ncause n & v chant v & ncaution n chaos ncautious a chapter ncave n character nCD=compact disk n characteristic a & ncharge v & n Christmas n chart n church nchat n & v cigar ncheap a cigarette n cheat n & v cinema n check n & v circle n & v cheek n circuit n cheer n & v circulate v cheerful a circumstance n cheers int circus n cheese n citizen nchef n city n chemical a & n civil a chemist n civilian n chemistry n civilization n cheque(Am check) n clap vchess n clarify v chest n class nchew v classic a chicken n classify v chief a & n classmate n child(pl children) n classroom n childhood n claw n chocolate n clay n choice n clean v & a choir n cleaner n choke n & v clear a choose(chose,chosen) v clerk n chopsticks n clever a chorus n click v Christian n climate nclimb v come(came,come) v clinic n comedy nclock n comfort nclone v comfortable a close a & ad command n & v cloth n comment n clothes n commercial a clothing n commit vcloud n commitment n cloudy a committee nclub n common a clumsy a communicate v coach n communication n coal n communism n coast n communist n & a coat n companion n cocoa n company ncoffee n compare vcoin n compass n coincidence n compensate v coke n compete vcold a & n competence n collar n competition n colleague n complete a & v collect v complex a & n collection n component n college n composition n collision n comprehension n colour(Am color) n & v compromise v comb n & v compulsory a combine v computer nconcentrate v constant a concept n constitution n concern v & n construct v concert n construction n conclude v consult v conclusion n consultant n concrete a consume v condemn v contain v condition n container n conduct v contemporary a conductor n content1 n conference n content2 a confident a continent n confidential a continue v confirm v contradict v conflict n contradictory a confuse v contrary n & a congratulate v contribute v congratulation n contribution n connect v control v & n connection n controversial a conscience n convenience n consensus n convenient a consequence n conventional a conservation n conversation n conservative a convey v consider v convince v considerate a cook n & v consideration n cooker n consist v cookie n consistent a cool acopy n & v creature ncorn n credit ncorner n crew n corporation n crime ncorrect v & a criminal n correction n criterion(pl criteria) n correspond v crop ncorrupt a & v cross n & vcost n & v crossing ncosy(Am cozy) a crossroads n cottage n crowd n & vcotton n & a cruel acough n & v cry n & vcould modal v cube ncount v cubic acounter n cuisine ncountry n culture n countryside n cup ncouple n cupboard n courage n cure n & vcourse n curious acourt n currency n courtyard n curriculum n cousin n curtain ncover n & v cushion ncow n custom ncrash v & n customer ncrayon n customs ncrazy a cut(cut,cut) v & n cream n cycle vcreate v cyclist ndeclare vD decline vdad=daddy n decorate vdaily a,ad & n decoration ndam n decrease vdamage n & v deed ndamp a & n deep a & addance n & v deer ndanger n defeat v dangerous a defence(Am defense) n dare v & modal v defend vdark a & n degree ndarkness n delay n & vdash v & n delete v & ndata n deliberately ad database n delicate adate n & v delicious a daughter n delight ndawn n delighted aday n deliver vdead a demand vdeadline n dentist ndeaf a department(Dept.) n deal n departure ndear a depend vdeath n deposit v & n debate n & v depth ndebt n describe vdecade n description n decide v desert v & n decision n deserve vdesign v & n dilemma n desire v & n dimension n desk n dinner n desperate a dinosaur n dessert n dioxide n destination n dip vdestroy v diploma n detective n direct a & v determine v direction n develop v director n development n directory n devote v dirty a devotion n disability n diagram n disabled adial v disadvantage n dialogue(Am dialog) n disagree v diamond n disagreement n diary n disappear v dictation n disappoint v dictionary n disappointed a die v disaster ndiet n discount n differ v discourage v difference n discover v different a discovery n difficult a discrimination n difficulty n discuss vdig(dug,dug) v discussion n digest v disease n digital a disgusting a dignity n dish ndisk=disc n dislike vdismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district ndisturb v disturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision n divorce vdizzy ado(did,done)v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n & a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback n drawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n elect vdynamic a electric a dynasty n electrical aelectricity nE electronic aeach a & pron elegant aeager a elephant neagle n else adear n e-mail n & v early a & ad embarrass vearn v embassy nearth n emergency n earthquake n emperor neast a,ad & n employ vEaster n empty aeastern a encourage veasy a encouragement n eat(ate,eaten) v end n & vecology n ending nedge n endless aedition n enemy neditor n energetic a educate v energy n education n engine n educator n engineer neffect n enjoy veffort n enjoyable aegg n enlarge v eggplant n enough pron,a & ad either a,conj & ad enquiry nelder n enter venterprise n everything pron entertainment n everywhere ad enthusiastic a evidence nentire a evident a entrance n evolution nentry n exact aenvelope n exam=examination n environment n examine venvy v & n example nequal a & v excellent a equality n except prepequip v exchange n & v equipment n excite veraser n excuse n & verror n exercise n & v erupt v exhibition n escape n & v exist vespecially ad existence nessay n exit nEurope n expand v European a & n expect vevaluate v expectation neven ad expense nevening n expensive aevent n experience n eventually ad experiment never ad expert nevery a explain v everybody pron explanation n everyday a explicit a everyone pron explode vexplore v fantastic aexport n & v fantasy nexpose v far(farther,farthestexpress v & n 或 further,furthest) a & ad expression n fare nextension n farm nextra a farmer nextraordinary a fast a & adextreme a fasten veye n fat n & aeyesight n father nfault nF favour(Am favor) nface n & v favourite(Am favorite) a & n facial a fax n & vfact n fear nfactory n feast nfade v feather nfail v & n federal afailure n fee nfair1 a feed(fed,fed) vfair2 n feel(felt,felt) vfaith n feeling nfall1(fell,fallen) v fellow nfall2(Am)=autumn n female a & nfalse a fence nfamiliar a ferry nfamily n festival n & afamous a fetch vfan n fever nfancy n,v & a few pron & afibre(Am fiber) n flat2 nfiction n flee(fled,fled) vfield n flesh nfierce a flexible afight(fought,fought) n & v flight nfigure n & v float vfile n flood n & vfill v floor nfilm n & v flour nfinal a flow vfinance n flower nfind(found,found) v flu nfine1 a fluency nfine2 v fluent afinger n fly1(flew,flown) v fingernail n fly2 nfinish v & n focus v & nfire n & v fog nfireworks n foggy afirm1 n fold vfirm2 a folk n & afish n & v follow vfisherman n fond afist n food nfit a & v fool n & vfix v foolish aflag n foot(pl feet) nflame n football nflash n for prep & conj flashlight n forbid(forbade,forbidden) v flat1 a force vforecast n & v frequent a forehead n fresh aforeign a friction n foreigner n fridge=refrigerator n foresee(foresaw,foreseen) v friend nforest n friendly a forever ad friendship n forget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v frighten v forgetful a frog nforgive(forgave,forgiven) v from prepfork n front a & nform n & v frontier nformat n frost nformer a fruit nfortnight n fry vfortunate a fuel nfortune n full aforward ad fun n & afoster v function n & v found v fundamental a fountain n funeral nfox n funny afragile a fur nfragrant a furnished a framework n furniture nfranc n future nfree afreedom n Gfreeway n gain vfreeze(froze,frozen) v gallery n freezing a gallon ngame n glue ngarage n go(went,gone) v garbage n goal ngarden n goat ngarlic n god ngarment n gold n & agas n golden agate n golf ngather v good(better,best) agay a goods ngeneral a & n goose(pl geese) n generation n govern vgenerous a government ngentle a grade ngentleman n gradual ageography n graduate vgeometry n graduation ngesture n grain nget(got,got) v gram ngift n grammar ngifted a grand agiraffe n grandchild ngirl n granddaughter ngive(gave,given) v grandma=grandmother n glad a grandpa=grandfather n glance v grandparents nglare v grandson nglass n granny nglobe n grape nglory n graph nglove n grasp vgrass n hair ngrateful a haircut ngravity n half a & ngreat a & ad hall ngreedy a ham ngreen a & n hamburger n greengrocer n hammer ngreet v hand n & vgreeting n handbag ngrey(Am gray) a handful ngrill n handkerchief ngrocer n handle n & vgrocery n handsome aground n handwriting ngroup n handy agrow(grew,grown) v hang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed) v growth n happen vguarantee v happiness nguard n happy aguess v harbour(Am harbor) n guest n hard ad & aguidance n hardly adguide n hardship nguilty a hardworking aguitar n harm n & vgun n harmful agym=gymnasium n harmony ngymnastics n harvest n & vhat nH hatch vhabit n hate v & nhave(has,had,had) v hide(hid,hidden) vhe pron high a & adhead n & v highway nheadache n hill nheadline n him pron headmaster n himself pron headmistress n hire vhealth n his pronhealthy a history nhear(heard,heard) v hit(hit,hit) v & n hearing n hobby nheart n hold(held,held) vheat n hole nheaven n holiday nheavy a holy aheel n home n & adheight n homeland n helicopter n hometown nhello int homework nhelmet n honest ahelp n & v honey nhelpful a honour(Am honor) n & v hen n hook n & vher pron hope n & vherb n hopeful ahere ad hopeless ahero n horrible ahers pron horse nherself pron hospital nhesitate v host n & vhi int hostess nhot a identification n hotdog n identity n hotel n idiom nhour n if conjhouse n ignore v housewife n ill a housework n illegal ahow ad illness n however ad & conj imagine v howl v immediately ad hug v immigration n huge a import v & n human a & n importance n human being n important a humorous a impossible a humour(Am humor) n impress v hunger n impression n hungry a improve v hunt v in prep & ad hunter n inch n hurricane n incident n hurry v include vhurt(hurt,hurt) v income n husband n increase v & n hydrogen n indeed aindependence n I independent a I pron indicate vice n industry nice-cream n influence n & v idea n inform vinformation n interval ninitial a interview n & vinjure v into prepinjury n introduce vink n introduction ninn n invent vinnocent a invention ninsect n invitation ninsert v invite vinside prep & ad iron n & vinsist v irrigation ninspect v is v(be)inspire v island ninstant a it proninstead ad its proninstitute n itself proninstitution ninstruct v Jinstruction n jacket ninstrument n jam ninsurance n jar ninsure v jaw nintelligence n jazz nintend v jeans nintention n jeep ninterest n jet ninteresting a jewellery(Am jewelry) n international a job nInternet n jog vinterpreter n join vinterrupt v joke njournalist n kiss n & vjourney n kitchen njoy n kite njudge n & v knee njudgement knife(pl knives) n (Am judgment) n knock n & vjuice n know(knew,known) v jump n & v knowledge njungle njunior a Ljust a & ad lab=laboratory n justice n labour(Am labor) nlack n & vK lady nkangaroo n lake nkeep(kept,kept) v lamb nkettle n lame akey n lamp nkeyboard n land n & vkick v & n language nkid n lantern nkill v lap nkilo n large akilogram n last a & v kilometre(Am kilometer) n late a & adkind1 n latter nkind2 a laugh n & v kindergarten n laughter n kindness n laundry nking n law nkingdom n lawyer nlay(laid,laid) v lie2(lay,lain) v lazy a life(pl lives) n lead(led,led) v & n lift v & n leader n light n,v & a leaf(pl leaves) n lightning n league n like v & prep leak v likely alearn(learnt,learnt limit v或-ed,-ed) v line n & vleast n link v & n leather n lion nleave(left,left) v lip nlecture n liquid n & aleft a,ad & n list n & vleg n listen vlegal a literature n lemon n & a literary a lemonade n litre(Am liter) n lend(lent,lent) v litter vlength n little(less,least) a lesson n live v & alet(let,let) v lively aletter n load nlevel n loaf n liberation n local aliberty n lock n & v librarian n lonely alibrary n long a & ad license n look n & vlid n loose alie1 n & v lorry nlose(lost,lost) v manage vloss n manager nlot n mankind nloud a manner nlounge n many(more,most) pron & a love n & v map nlovely a maple nlow a & ad marathon nluck n marble nlucky a march n & vluggage n mark n & vlunch n market nlung n marriage nmarry vM mask n & vmachine n mass nmad a master v & nmadam/madame n mat nmagazine n match v & nmagic a material nmaid n mathematicsmail n & v =math/maths nmailbox n matter n & vmain a mature amainland n maximum a & nmajor a may modal vmajority n maybe admake1 n me pronmake2(made,made) v meal nmale a & n mean(meant,meant) v man(pl men) n meaning nmeans n microwave nmeanwhile ad middle nmeasure v midnight nmeat n might modal vmedal n mild amedia n mile nmedical a milk n & vmedicine n millimetremedium n (Am millimeter) nmeet(met,met) v & n millionaire nmeeting n mind n & vmelon n mine1 n & vmember n mine2 pronmemorial n & a mineral nmemory n minibus nmend v minimum amental a minister nmention n & v ministry nmenu n minority nmerchant a & n minus prep & amerciful a minute nmercy n mirror nmerely ad miss1 nmerry a miss2 vmess n missile nmessage n mist nmessy a mistakemetal n & a (mistook,mistaken) v & n method n mistaken ametre(Am meter) n misunderstandmicroscope n (misunderstood,misunderstood) v。
最新2019年高考英语考试大纲(官方版)
2019年高考英语考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1至附录5)，要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的、事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。
4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：(1)询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法;(2)做到语音、语调自然;(3)做到语言运用得体;(4)使用有效的交际策略。
附录1语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气《小桥流水人家》教学设计教学目标1.认识7个生字，读读记记“婀娜、波纹、干涸、点缀、潮湿等词语。
最新2019年高考英语考试大纲(官方版)
2019年高考英语考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1至附录5)，要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的、事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。
4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：(1)询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法;(2)做到语音、语调自然;(3)做到语言运用得体;(4)使用有效的交际策略。
附录1语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气工程施工联营协议甲方: 中太建设集团股份有限公司陕西分公司乙方:经甲、乙双方协商一致，甲方将其承建的“工程”承包给乙方施工，为明确双方的义务和责任，特制定如下条款，共同遵守执行。
2019年成考高起点《英语》考试大纲
英语复习考试范围包括语音、词汇、语法、日常交际用语、阅读和写作等方面。
英语复习考试在记忆、理解和综合应用这三个层次上检测考生掌握英语的水平：记忆：能记住本大纲规定的语音、语法知识;能记住单词的拼写、读音、基本词义及主要用法;能记住本大纲规定的短语和习惯用语的意思和主要用法。
理解：能正确使用语音、语法和日常交际用语知识;能够恰当理解各种语言现象;能够恰当理解各种语言现象;能够读懂英语的连贯表达。
综合应用：能够使用本大纲规定的各类语言知识，整体理解不同形式的语篇;能够在特定的语境中比较连贯、得体地表达自己的意思。
一、复习考试内容语音熟悉英语音素的发音，知道英语字母及常用字母组合在单词中的读音。
了解英语的基本语调以及使用语调的规则，并能在实践中运用这些规则。
能在简单的日常会话中使用比较自然的语音语调。
词汇掌握2000个左右常用英语单词和一定数量的短语和习惯用语，对单词能认、会读，知道词义及其在语句中的作用。
对在一般交际中使用频率高的单词和短语会拼写、能正确使用。
知道一些常用词的近义词和反义词。
能够根据上下文或利用基本的构词法知识判断语篇中生词的含义。
语法1.词类1)名词2)形容词3)副词4)动词5)代词6)冠词7)数词8)介词9)连词10)感叹词2.名词1)可数和不可数名词2)名词的复数形式3)专有名词4)所有格3.代词1)人称代词2)物主代词3)反身代词4)指示代词5)不定代词6)疑问代词4.数词1)基数词2)序数词5.介词6.连词7.形容词1)形容词作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法2)比较等级：原级、比较级、级8.副词1)时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、连接、关系等副词的用法2)比较等级：原级、比较级、级9.冠词的一般用法10.动词1)动词的基本形式(1)现在式(2)过去式(3)过去分词(4)-ing形式2)行为动词的及物性和不及物性3)连系动词be, get, look, seem, turn, grow, become 等4)助动词be, do, have, shall, will 等5)情态动词can, may, must, ought, need, dare等6)动词的时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)现在完成时(7)过去完成时(8)过去将来时7)动词的被动语态(1)一般现在时的被动语态(2)一般过去时的被动语态(3)一般将来时的被动语态(4)现在进行时的被动语态(5)现在完成时的被动语态(6)带情态动词的被动语态8)动词的不定式(1)作主语(2)作宾语(3)作宾语补足语(4)作状语(5)作定语(6)作表语(7)用在how, when, where, what, which, who, whether等后面9)动词的过去分词(1)作定语(2)作表语(3)作宾语补足语(4)作状语10)动词的-ing形式(1)作主语(2)作宾语(3)作宾语补足语(4)作表语(5)作定语(6)作状语11.句子1)句子的种类(1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)(2)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)(3)祈使句(4)感叹句2)句子的成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)直接宾语和间接宾语(6)宾语补足语(7)定语(8)状语3)主谓的一致关系4)简单句的五种基本句型5)并列句6)复合句(1)名词性从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句7)倒装句8)省略句12.构词法1)合成法blackboard, man-made, overthrow, however, everyone2)转换法hand (n.) -hand(v.) ,break(v.)-break(n.), empty(adj.)-empty(v.)3)派生法A.加前缀：non-, un-, in-, dis-, re-B.加后缀：-er, -tion, -ese, -ist, -ing, -ment, -ness, -ian, -ify, -ize, -ise, -en, -able, -ful, -y, -ive, -al, -an, -ly, -teen, -ty日常交际用语1.问候GreetingsGood morning/afternoon/evening.Hello/Hi!How are you?Fine, thank you. And you?Very well, thank you.2.介绍Introductionsa. This is Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms…I’d like you to meet …b. How do you do ?Nice/Glad/Pleased to see/meet you.c. My name is …I’m a (student/teacher, etc.).d. I’m Chinese.3.告别Farewellsa. I’m afraid I must be leaving now.I think it’s time for us to leave now.b. Good-bye! (Bye-Bye! Bye!)See you later/tomorrow.(See you.)Good night.4.感谢和应答Thanks and responsesa. Thank you (very much).Thanks a lot.Many thanks.Thanks for……b. It’s very kind of you to…Not at all .It’s/That’s all right.You’re welcome.5.祝愿、祝贺和应答Good wishes, congratulations and responsesa. Good luck!Best wishes to you!I wish you good luck/success!Have a nice/good time.b. Thank you.The same to you.c. Happy New Year!Merry Christmas!Happy birthday to you.6.道歉、遗憾、同情和应答Apologies, regrets, sympathies and responsesa. Sorry/Pardon.I’m sorry.I’m sorry for/about…..I’m sorry to hear….b. Excuse me (for…)I’m afraid of ….What a pity/shame!c. That’s all right.It doesn’t matter.That’s nothing.7.邀请和应答Invitations and responsesa. will you come to ….?Would you like to …?I’d like to invite you to …b. Yes, I’d love to (….).Yes, it’s very kind/nice of you.c. I’d love to, but…8.提供(帮助等)和应答Offers and responsesa. Can/Could/Shall I help you?Is there anything (else) I can do for you?Do you want me to …?What can I do for you?Let me do/carry/help…(for you).Would you like some…?b. Thanks. That would be nice/fine.That’s very kind of you.Thank you for your help.Yes, please.Here, take this/my…..c. No, thanks/thank you.Thank you all the same.That’s very kind of you, but….9.约会Making appointmentsa. Are you/Will you be free this afternoon/tomorrow? How about tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening?Shall we meet at 4：30 at …?b. Yes, that’s all right.Yes, I’ll be free then.c. No, I won’t be free then. But I’ll be free…d. All right. See you then.10.意愿和希望Intentions and wishesa. I’m going to ….I will …I’d like to ….I (do not) want/hope to …b. I want/hope/wish to …11.请求、允许和应答Asking for permission and responsesa. May I …?Can/Could I ….?b. Yes/Sure/Certainly.Yes, (do)please.Of course (you may).Go ahead, please.That’s OK/all right.Not at all.c. I’m sorry you can’t.I’m sorry, but…You’d better not.12.同意和不同意Agreement and disagreementa. Certainly/Sure/Of course.No problem.Yes, please.Yes, I think so .That’s true.All right/OK.That’s a good idea.I/We agree (with you).b. No, I don’t think so .I’m afraid not.I’m afraid I (really) can’t agree with you.13.喜好和厌恶Likes and dislikesa. I like/love …(very much).I like/love to …b. I don’t like (to)….I hate (to)…14.决断和坚持Determination, decision and insistenceI will…I have decided to/that…15.判断和意见Judgement and opiniona. Well done/Good work!b. In my opinion,…It seems…16.能力AbilityI can….He is able to ….17. 肯定和不肯定Certainty and uncertaintya. I’m sure (of that).I’m sure (that)…b. I’m not sure (of that).I’m not sure whether/if…c. Perhaps/Maybe.18.禁止和警告Prohibition and warningsa. You can’t/mustn’t….If you …, you’ll…You’d better not do it.Don’t smoke!Don’t be late!b. Look out!Take care!Be careful!19.可能和不可能Possibility and impossibilityHe can/may….It is possible that…20.预见、猜测和相信Prediction, conjecture and beliefa. He will…b. It seems (that)…c. I believe that he is right.21.请求Requestsa. Can/Will/Could/Would you…for me?Will/Can/Could/Would you Please…?May I have…?b. Please give/pass me…Please wait (here/a moment).Please wait (for) your turn.Please stand in line/line up.Please hurry.c. Don’t rush (hurry)/crowd.No noise, please.No smoking, please.22.劝告和建议Advice and suggestionsa. You’d better(not)…You should /ought to…You need (to)…b. Shall we …?Let’s …What/How about…?Why not …?Why don’t you…?23.许诺PromisesI promise…I will give… to you.24.表示焦虑Expressing anxietyWhat’s wrong?What’s the matter (with you)?I’m/He’s/She’s worried.Oh, what shall I /we do ?25.表示惊奇Expressing surpriseReally?Oh dear!Is that so?Good heavens!26.表示喜悦Expressing pleasureI’m glad/pleased/happy to….That’s nice/wonderful/great.27.谈论天气Talking about the weathera. What’s the weather like today?How’s the weather in …?b. It’s fine /cloudy/windy/rainy….It’s getting cold/warm…It’s rather warm/cold/hot… today, isn’t it?It’s a beautiful day today.28.购物Shoppinga. What can I do for you?May/Can I help you?b. I want/I’d like…How much is it?That’s too expensive, I’m afraid.That’s fine. I’ll take it.Let me have…c. How many/much do you want?What colour/size/kind do you want?d. Do you have any other kind/ size/colour, etc.?29.问路和应答Asking the way and responsesa. Excuse me .Where’s the men’s/ladies’ room?Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to …?How can I get to …? I don’t know the way.b. Go down this street.Turn right/left at the first/second crossing.It’s about… metres from here.Go straight ahead till you see…30.问时间、日期和应答Asking the time, date and responsesa. What day is (it) today?What’s the date today?Excuse me. What time is it by your watch?What’s the time, please?b. It’s Monday/Tuesday…It’s January 10th.It’s five o’clock/five thirty (half past five)/a quarter past (to) six. It’s time for/to…31.就餐Taking mealsa. What would you like (to have)?Would you like something (to eat/dink)?b. I’d like…Coke/Two eggs…, please.c. Would you like some more…?Help yourself to some…d. Thank you, I’ve had enough.I’m full, thank you.Just a little, please.32. 打电话Making phone callsa. Hello! Is he (Tom) in?May/Could I speak to …?Is that…(speaking)?b. Hold on, please.Hello, who is it?He/She isn’t here right now.Can I take a message for you?c. Hello, this is … speaking.I called to tell/ask you…33.传递信息Passing on a messagea. will you please give this note/message to…?b. … asked me to give you this note.c. Thanks for the message.34.看病Seeing the doctora. There’s something wrong with…I’ve got a headache and a cough.I feel terrible (bad).I don’t feel well.b. Take this medicine three times a day.Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.It’s nothing serious.You’ll be all right/well soon.35. 求救Calling for helpa. Help!Thief!b. What’s the matter?36. 语言困难Language difficultiesPardon?Would you please say that again/more slowly? What do you mean by …?I’m sorry I can’t follow you.I’m sorry I know only a little English.。
2019年成考高起点《英语》真题及答案
2019年成考高起点《英语》真题及答案2019年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试高起点英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共105分)一、语音知识：共5小题；每题1.5分，共7.5分。
在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。
找出这个词1.A.c oa t B.r oa d C.br oa d D.g oa l2.A.offi c ial B.de c lare C.a c tive D.pi c ture3.A.p u rse B.p u re C.c u rious D.c u re4.A.h i de B.l i ke C.t i me D.g i ve5.A.ques tion B.sta tion C.direc tion D.pollu tion二、词汇与语法知识：共15小题；每题1.5分，共22.5分。
从每小题的四个选择项中，选出最佳的一项。
6.He'sa great player and I have alot of respect_______him.A.ofB.inC.onD.for7.Don't forget to your_____school bag with you when you come here next time.A.bringB.deliverC.fetchD.take8.He was late for work this morning because he_____find his key.A.must n'tB.wouldn'tC.couldn'tD.should n't9.I asked him to goto the art exhibition，but he said he had_____seen it.A.stillB.alreadyC.alsoD.often10.—Where's your mother，Helen?—She_____the flowers in the garden.A.watersB.is wateringC.wateredD.has watered11.The children and their parents had great fun_____games in the park.A.playingB.playC.playedD.to play12.There is only one student_____will surely pass the diffcult test.A.whoseB.whichC.whomD.who13.一Do you like talking with your friends on the phone orthrough the Inte met?一_____.I enjoy writing letters.A.NoneB.EitherC.NeitherD.Both14.She asked me_____I would ike to go with her or not.A.howB.whenC.whetherD.where15.Before you leave the classroom，_____all the lights.A.turn upB.turnoverC.turn toD.turnoff16.If Mom looks out from the kitchen window，she_____us playing in the yard.A.is seeingB.will seeC.was seeingD.has seen17.一Can you stay here for a few more days?一_____,but I have to be home tomorrow.A.No，thankyouB.I'm afraid notC.I'd love toD.No problem18.With alot of work_____，Jerry had not me to goto the cinema with his daughter.A.doingB.having doneC.doneD.to do19.We'remaking good progress，_____we've still got along way to goA.butB.orC.soD.thus20.I hope you will have a_____week with us in China.A.pleasureB.pleasingC.pleasedD.pleasant三、完形填空：共15小题；每题2分，共30分。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲：英语word
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录1语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2. 重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3. 读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4. 语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2语法项目表1. 名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2. 代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3. 数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10. 时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing形式(3)动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15. 句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(SocialCommunications)(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)(3)告别(Farewells ) (4)感谢(Thanks )(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请(Invitation)(7)请求允许(Asking forpermission)(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressingwishes and congratulations)(9)提供帮助(Offering help)(10)接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11)约会(Making appointments)(12)打电话(Making telephone calls)(13)就餐(Having meals)(14)就医(Seeing thedoctor)(15)购物(Shopping)(16)问路(Askingthe way)(17)谈论天气(Talkingabout weather)(18)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19)提醒注意(Reminding)(20)警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21)劝告(Advice)(22)建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意(Agreementand disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certaintyand uncertainty) (26)可能和不可能(Possibilityand impossibility) (27)能够和不能够(Abilityand inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29)意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31)表扬和鼓励(Praise andencouragement)(32)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡(Indifference)(34)判断与评价(Judgementand evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(35)高兴(Happiness)(36)惊奇(Surprise)(37)忧虑(Worries)(38)安慰(Reassurance)(39)满意(Satisfaction)(40)遗憾(Regret)(41)同情(Sympathy)(42)恐惧(Fear)(43)愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44)时刻(Pointof time)(45)时段(Duration)(46)频度(Frequency)(47)时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(48)位置(Position)(49)方向(Direction)(50)距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(51)存在与不存在(Existence andNon-existence) 7. 特征(Features)(52)形状(Shape)(53)颜色(Colour)(54)材料(Material)(55)价格(Price)(56)规格(Size)(57)年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(58)长度(Length)(59)宽度(Width)(60)高度(Height)(61)数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62)同级比较(Equal comparison)(63)差别比较(Comparativeand superlative)(64)相似和差别(Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations) (65)原因和结果(Cause andeffect) (66)目的(Purpose)11. 职业(Occupations)(67)工作(Jobs)(68)单位(Employer)附录4话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境(Personalenvironments)4. 日常活动(Dailyroutines)5. 学校生活(School life)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plansand intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物(Shopping)12. 饮食(Food and drink)13. 健康(Health)14. 天气(Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainmentand sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travelandtransport)17. 语言学习(Language learning)18. 自然(Nature)19. 世界与环境(The worldand the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popularscience and modern technology)21. 热点话题(Topical issues)22. 历史与地理(Historyand geography)23. 社会(Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literatureand art)附录5词汇表Aa(an)art abandon vability n able a abnormal a aboard prep abolish v abortion nabout ad&prep above prep,a&ad abroad adabrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a&n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a&n academy n accelerate v accent naccept vaccess n&v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v &n achieve v achievement nacid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition nacre nacross prepact n&vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation nadd v addicted a addition n address n adequate aadjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a &n adopt vadore v adult n advance v&n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise v advocate vaffair naffect vaffection n afford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a&nafter ad,prep &conj afternoon n afterward(s)ad again adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n&vAIDS naim n&v air n aircraft nairline nairmail n airplane nairport n airspace nalarm n&valbum n alcohol n alcoholic a&n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a&pronallergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad&prep alongside adaloud ad alphabet n already adalso adalternative a although conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum)n always ad am v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze v amazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n&v ample a amuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v&n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry a animal n ankle n anniversary n announce v annoy v annual a another a&pron answer n&v ant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron&a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad&a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v&n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v&n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n&v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron narbitrary a arch n architect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen)v arithmetic narm n&v armchair narmy naround ad&prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj&prepash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a&n aside adask v asleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v&n attain v attempt v&n attend vattention nattitude n attract v attraction nattractive aaudience n aunt n authentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic a autonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a&navoid vawake(awoke,awoken)v&a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby n bachelor nback ad,a&n background nbackward(s)adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria)n bad(worse,worst)a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball n ballet nballoon nbamboo nban n &vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar n barbecue n barber n barbershop nbare abargain n&vbark v&nbarrier nbase nbaseball n basement nbasic a basin n basis nbasket nbasketball nbat nbath n bathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was, were,being,been)v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1n bear2vbeard n beast nbeat(beat,beaten)v&n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become)v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conj beg vbegin(began,begun)v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior)n behind prep&adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt n bench nbend(bent,bent)v beneath prep beneficial abenefit n&vbent a&n beside prep besides prep &ad betray vbetween prepbeyond prepbicycle nbid v&nbig a bike=bicycle nbill n bingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird n birth n birthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten)v bitter ablack a&n blackboard n blame n&vblank n&a blanket n bleed v bless v blind a block n&vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown)v blue n&aboard n &vboat nbody nboil vbomb n&v bond n&v bone n bonus n book n&v boom n&v boot nbooth n border n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany nboth a&pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v&n bowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycott v brain n brake n&v branch nbrand n brave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken)v&n breakfast n breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought)v broad a broadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed)v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n&abrunch nbrush v&nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built)v building nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed)v&nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness n businessman/woman (pl businessmen/ women)n busy abut conj&prepbutcher n&vbutter nbutterfly n button n&v buy(bought,bought)vby prepbye int Ccab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage n cake n calculate vcall n&vcalm a&vcamel ncamera ncamp n&v campaign ncan1(could); can’t=cannot modalv can2n canal n cancel vcancer n candidate n candle ncandy ncanteen ncap n capital n capsule ncaptain ncaption n car n carbon ncard ncare n&vcareful acareless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n&vcassette ncast(cast,cast)v castle ncasual a cat n catalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught)v category ncater vCatholic acattle n cause n&v caution n cautious acave nCD=compactdisk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter)n central acentre(Am center)n century n ceremony ncertain acertificate nchain n chair n chairman/woman (pl chairmen/women)n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n&v changeable a channel nchant v&nchaos n chapter n character n characteristic a&ncharge v &nchart nchat n&vcheap acheat n&vcheck n&vcheek ncheer n&vcheerful acheers intcheese n chef n chemical a&n chemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check)n chess n chest nchew vchicken nchief a&nchild(pl children)n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n&vchoose(chose,chosen)v chopsticks nchorus nChristian n Christmas n church n cigar n cigarette n cinema n circle n&v circuit n circulate v circumstance n circus n citizen ncity n civil a civilian n civilization n clap v clarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v&a cleaner n clear aclerk nclever aclick v climate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a&adcloth n clothes n clothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin n coincidence ncoke ncold a&ncollar ncolleague ncollect v collection n college ncollision ncolour(Am color)n&v comb n&v combine v come(came,come)v comedy n comfort n comfortable a command n&v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n&a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a&v complex a&n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer nconcentrate v concept n concern v&n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1n content2a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n&a contribute v contribution n control v&n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n&v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n&vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v&a correction n correspond v corrupt a&v cost n&vcosy(Am cozy)a cottage n cotton n&a cough n&v could modalv count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourt n courtyard n cousin ncover n&vcow ncrash v&n crayon ncrazy acream ncreate v creature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal n criterion(pl criteria)n crop ncross n&v crossing n crossroads n crowd n&vcruel acry n&vcube n cubic a cuisine nculture n cup n cupboard ncure n&vcurious a currency n curriculum n curtain ncushion ncustom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut)v&n cycle vcyclist nDdad=daddy ndaily a,ad&ndam ndamage n&v damp a&ndance n&v danger n dangerous adare v&modalv dark a&n darkness n dash v&ndata ndatabase ndate n&v daughter ndawn nday n dead a deadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n &vdebt n decade n decide v decision n declare vdecline vdecorate v decoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a&addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense)n defend vdegree ndelay n&vdelete v&n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver v demand v dentist n department(Dept.)n departure ndepend vdeposit v&ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v&n deserve vdesign v&ndesire v&n desk n desperate a dessert n destination n destroy v detective n determine v develop v development n devote vdevotion n diagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog)n diamond ndiary ndictation n dictionary ndie vdiet n differ v difference n different adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug)v digest vdigital adignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip v diploma n direct a&v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting adish ndisk=disc n dislike vdismiss v distance ndistant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district ndisturb v disturbing adive v diverse a divide vdivision n divorce vdizzy ado(did,done)v doctor n document n dog n doll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm)n dot ndouble a&n doubt n &v down prep&ad download n&v downstairs ad downtown ad,n&a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n&vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn)v drawback n drawer n dream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed)n&v dress n&v drill n&v drink(drank,drunk)v drive(drove,driven)v driver ndrop n&vdrug n drum ndrunk adry v&aduck n due adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digitalversatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a &proneager aeagle near nearly a&adearn v earth n earthquake neast a,ad&nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten)vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate veducation neducator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj&adelder n elect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant nelse ade-mail n&v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor n employ vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n &v ending n endless a enemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy v enjoyable a enlarge v enough pron,a&ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire a entrance n entry n envelope n environment n envy v&n equal a&v equality n equip v equipment n eraser nerror n erupt v escape n&v especially ad essay n Europe n European a &n evaluate veven ad evening n event n eventually ad ever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence n evident a evolution n exact a exam=examination n examine v example n excellent aexcept prep exchange n&v excite vexcuse n&v exercise n&v exhibition nexist v existence n exit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert nexplain v explanation n explicit aexplode vexplore vexport n&v expose vexpress v&n expression n extension n extra a extraordinary a extreme aeye neyesight nFface n&vfacial a fact n factory nfade vfail v&nfailure nfair1a fair2nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen)v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v&a fantastic a fantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest)a&ad fare n farm nfarmer nfast a&adfasten vfat n&afather nfault nfavour(Am favor)n favourite(Am favorite)a&n fax n&vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed)vfeel(felt,felt)vfeeling n fellow nfemale a&nfence nferry nfestival n&afetch vfever nfew pron&afibre(Am fiber)nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought)n &v figure n&vfile nfill vfilm n&vfinal afinance nfind(found,found)vfine1a fine2vfinger nfingernail nfinish v&nfire n&vfireworks nfirm1nfirm2afish n&vfisherman nfist nfit a&vfix v flag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat1a flat2nflee(fled,fled)vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n&vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown)vfly2nfocus v&nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n&afollow vfond a food nfool n&vfoolish afoot(pl feet)nfootball nfor prep&conjforbid(forbade,forbidden)v force vforecast n&vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen)v forest n forever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten)v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven)vfork nform n&vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox n fragile afragrant aframework nfranc n free afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen)vfreezing a frequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly a friendship n frighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a&nfrontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n&afunction n&v fundamental a funeral nfunny a fur n furnished a furniture nfuture nGgain vgallery ngallon ngame ngarage n garbage n garden ngarlic n garment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a&n generation n generous a gentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture nget(got,got)vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given)v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove n glue ngo(went,gone)vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n&agolden agolf ngood(better,best)a goods ngoose(pl geese)n govern v government ngrade ngradual agraduate v graduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a&ad greedy agreen a &n greengrocer n greet v greeting n grey(Am gray)a grill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown)v growth n guarantee vguard nguess v guest n guidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit n hair nhaircut nhalf a&nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n&vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n &vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed)v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor)nhard ad &ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n&vharmful aharmony nharvest n&v hat nhatch vhate v&nhave(has,had,had)v he pron head n&v headache n headline n headmaster n headmistress n health n healthy a hear(heard,heard)v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight n helicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n&vhelpful a hen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pron hesitate vhi int hide(hid,hidden)v high a&ad highway n hill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pron history nhit(hit,hit)v&n hobby nhold(held,held)v hole nholiday nholy ahome n&ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest a honey n honour(Am honor)n&v hook n&vhope n&vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n&vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife n housework nhow adhowever ad&conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a&n human being n humorous a humour(Am humor)n hunger nhungry ahunt v hunter n hurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt)v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea n identification n identity n idiom nif conjignore vill aillegal a illness n imagine v immediately ad immigration n import v&n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep&ad inch n incident n include v income n increase v&n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n&v inform vinformation n initial ainjure vinjury nink n inn n innocent a insect ninsert vinside prep&ad insist v inspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval ninterview n&vinto prepintroduce v introduction ninvent vinvention n invitation n invite v iron n&virrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam n jar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry)n job njog vjoin vjoke njournalist njourney n joy njudge n&vjudgement(Am judgment)njuice njump n&vjungle njunior ajust a&adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept)vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v&n kid nkill v kilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer)n kind1n kind2a kindergarten n kindness n king n kingdom n kiss n&vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives)n knock n&vknow(knew,known)v knowledge nLlab=laboratory n labour(Am labor)n lack n&vlady n lake nlamb n lame alamp nland n&vlanguage nlantern n lap nlarge alast a&vlate a&adlatter nlaugh n&vlaughter nlaundry n law n lawyer nlay(laid,laid)v lazy alead(led,led)v&n leader nleaf(pl leaves)n league n leak v learn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed)vleast n leather n leave(left,left)v lecture nleft a,ad&nleg nlegal alemon n&a lemonade nlend(lent,lent)v length nlesson nlet(let,let)v letter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian n library nlicense nlid nlie1n&v lie2(lay,lain)v life(pl lives)nlift v&nlight n,v&a lightning nlike v&prep likely alimit vline n&vlink v&nlion nlip nliquid n&alist n&v listen v literature n literary alitre(Am liter)n litter vlittle(less,least)a live v&alively aload nloaf nlocal alock n&v lonely along a&adlook n&vloose alorry nlose(lost,lost)vloss nlot nloud alounge nlove n&vlovely alow a&adluck nlucky aluggage nlunch nlung nMmachine n mad a madam/madame n magazine nmagic amaid nmail n&vmailbox nmain amainland nmajor amajority nmake1nmake2(made,made)v male a&nman(pl men)n manage vmanager nmankind nmanner nmany(more,most)pron&a map n maple n marathon nmarble nmarch n&vmark n&vmarket nmarriage nmarry vmask n&vmass nmaster v&nmat nmatch v&nmaterial n mathematics=math/maths nmatter n&vmature amaximum a&nmay modalvmaybe adme pron meal nmean(meant,meant)v meaning nmeans n meanwhile ad measure v meat n medal nmedia nmedical a medicine n medium nmeet(met,met)v&n meeting nmelon n member n memorial n&a memory nmend vmental a mention n&v menu n merchant a&n merciful a mercy n merely admerry a mess n message n messy ametal n&a method nmetre(Am meter)n microscope n microwave nmiddle nmidnight nmight modalvmild amile nmilk n&vmillimetre(Am millimeter)nmillionaire nmind n&vmine1n&vmine2pronmineral nminibus nminimum aminister nministry nminority nminus prep&aminute nmirror nmiss1nmiss2vmissile nmist nmistake(mistook,mistaken)v&n mistaken a misunderstand (misunderstood,misunderstood)v。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲：英语
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)(34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions)(35) 高兴 (Happiness)(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)(37) 忧虑 (Worries)(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾 (Regret)(41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐惧 (Fear)(43) 愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45) 时段 (Duration)(46) 频度 (Frequency)(47) 时序 (Sequence)5. 空间 (Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征 (Features)(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 价格 (Price)(56) 规格 (Size)(57) 年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number)9. 比较 (Comparison)(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)10附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)5. 学校生活 (School life)6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情 (Emotions)8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物 (Shopping)12. 饮食 (Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天气 (Weather)15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17. 语言学习 (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)23. 社会 (Society)24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录5 词汇表ability nable aabnormal a aboard prep abolish v abortion nabout ad & prep above prep,a & ad abroad adabrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute aabsorb vabstract a & n absurd a abundant aabuse vacademic a & n academy n accelerate v accent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition n acre nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt vadaptation nadd vaddicted aaddition naddress nadequate aadjust vadjustment n administration n admirable aadmire vadmission nadmit vadolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep & conj afternoon n afterward(s) adage nagency n agenda nagent n aggressive a ago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft n airline n airmail n airplane n airport n airspace n alarm n & v album nalcohol n alcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a & pron allergic aalley nallocate v allow v allowance n almost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside ad aloud ad alphabet n already adalso ad alternative a although conj altitude n altogether adalways adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous aambition n ambulance nAmerica namong prepamount n & vample aamuse vamusement nanalyse vanalysis nancestor nanchor v & nancient aand conjanecdote nanger nangle nangry aanimal nankle nanniversary n announce vannoy vannual aanother a & pron answer n & vant nAntarctic aantique nanxiety nanxious aany pron & a anybody pronanyhow adanyone pronanything pron anyway adapartment napologize vapology napparent aappeal v & nappear vappearance n appendix nappetite napplaud v & napple napplicant n application napply vappoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval napprove v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture nArctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & varmchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement narrest varrival narrive varrow nart nas ad,conj & prep ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & naside adask vasleep aaspect nassess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy nat prepathlete nathletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom nattach vattack v & n attain vattempt v & n attend vattention n attitude nattract v attraction n attractive a audience naunt nauthentic a author nauthority n automatic a autonomous aaverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a & nbackground nbackward(s) adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic abasketball nbat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was, were,being,been) v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbeneath prep beneficial a benefit n & vbent a & nbeside prep besides prep & ad betray vbetween prep beyond prepbicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & vblank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & vbond n & vbook n & vboom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn aborrow vboss nbotanical abotany nboth a & pronbother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound aboundary nbow v & nbowl nbowling nbox nboxing nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast nbreakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed) v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) v building nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj & prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncamp n & vcampaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless acarpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & vcassette ncast(cast,cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) v category ncater vcave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center) n century nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n & v changeable achannel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a & n charge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intchemical a & nchemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood nchocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate v circumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization nclap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify vclassmate nclassroom nclaw nclay nclean v & acleaner nclear aclick vclimate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) v comedy ncomfort ncomfortable a command n & v comment ncommercial acommit vcommitment n committee ncommon acommunicate v communication ncompanion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist vconstitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince vcook n & v cooker ncookie ncool acopy n & vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & vcosy(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count vcounter ncouple ncourage ncourse ncourt ncourtyard ncousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & ncrayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcreature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & vcrossing ncrossroads ncrowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & vcurious acurrency ncurriculum ncurtain ncushion ncustom ncustomer ncustoms ncut(cut,cut) v & ncycle vcyclist nDdad=daddy ndamage n & vdamp a & ndance n & vdanger ndangerous adare v & modal vdark a & ndarkness ndash v & ndata ndatabase ndate n & vdaughter ndawn nday ndead adeadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & vdebt ndecade ndecide vdecision ndeclare vdecline vdecorate vdecoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdepartment(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe vdescription ndesert v & ndeserve vdesign v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert ndestination ndestroy vdetective n determine vdevelop v development ndevote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond ndiary ndictation ndictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference ndifferent adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug) vdigest vdigital adignity ndilemma ndimension ndinner ndinosaur ndioxide ndip vdirection n director n directory ndirty adisability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing a dive vdiverse adivide vdivision n divorce vdizzy ado(did,done) v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndormitory(dorm) ndot ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown prep & addownload n & vdownstairs addowntown ad,n & adozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) vdrawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt或-ed,-ed) n & vdress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) vdrive(drove,driven) vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a & proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearthquake neast a,ad & n Easter neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten) v ecology nedge nedition neditor neducate v education n educator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj & ad elder nelect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant aelephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor nemploy vempty aencourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy nenergetic aenergy nengine nengineer nenjoy venjoyable aenquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire aentrance nentry nenvelope n environment nenvy v & nequal a & v equality nequip vequipment neraser nerror nerupt vescape n & v especially ad essay nEurope nEuropean a & n evaluate veven adevening nevent neventually adever adevery aeverybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident a evolution nexact aexam=examination n examine vexample nexcellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect vexpectation n expense nexpensive a experience n experiment nexpert nexplain v explanation nexplicit aexplode vexplore vexport n & vexpose vexpress v & n expression n extension nextra a extraordinary a extreme aeye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2 nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v & afar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) nfavourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron & afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found) vfine1 afine2 vfinger nfingernail nfinish v & nfirm2 afish n & vfisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat1 aflat2 nflee(fled,fled) vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep & conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force vforecast n & vforehead nforeign aforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) vfork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant aframework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) vfreezing afrequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator nfriend nfriendly afriendship nfrighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & nfrontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & afunction n & vfundamental afur nfurnished a furniture nfuture nGgain vgallery ngallon n33game ngarage ngarbage ngarden ngarlic ngarment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation n generous agentle a gentleman n geography n geometry ngesture nget(got,got) vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove nglue ngo(went,gone) v goal ngoat ngod ngold n & agood(better,best) a goods ngoose(pl geese) n govern vgovernment ngrade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & adgreedy agreen a & n greengrocer ngreet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown) v growth nguarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide ngym=gymnasium ngymnastics nHhabit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed) v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) nhard ad & ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v & nhave(has,had,had) vhe pronhead n & vheadache nheadline nheadmaster nheadmistress nhealth nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) vheaven nheavy aheel nheight nhelicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pronhesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) v high a & adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & n hobby nhold(held,held) vhole nholiday nholy ahome n & adhomeland nhometown nhomework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahost n & vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife n housework nhow adhowever ad & conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a & nhuman being n humorous ahumour(Am humor) n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea n identification n identity nidiom nif conjignore vill aillegal aillness nimagine v immediately ad immigration n import v & n importance n important aimpression n improve vin prep & ad inch nincident n include v income n increase v & n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform v information n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent ainsect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist vinspect vinspire vinstant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt vinto prepintroduce vintroduction ninvent vinvention ninvitation ninvite viron n & virrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) n job njog vjoin vjoke n38journalist njourney njoy njudge n & vjudgement(Am judgment) njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept) vkettle nkey nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) n kind1 nkind2 akindergarten nkindness nking nkingdom nkiss n & vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives) nknock n & vknow(knew,known) v knowledge nLlab=laboratory nlabour(Am labor) nlack n & vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n & vlanguage nlantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & adlatter nlaugh n & vlaughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer nlay(laid,laid) vlazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves) nlearn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed) vleast nleather nleave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad & nleg nlegal alemon n & a lemonade nlend(lent,lent) v length nlesson nlet(let,let) vletter nlevel nliberation nliberty nlibrarian nlibrary nlicense nlid nlie1 n & vlie2(lay,lain) vlife(pl lives) nlift v & nlight n,v & a lightning nlike v & preplikely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten vliterature nliterary alitre(Am liter) n litter vlittle(less,least) a live v & alively alock n & vlonely along a & adlook n & vloose alorry nlose(lost,lost) vloss nlot nloud alounge nlove n & vlovely alow a & adluck nlucky aluggage nlunch nlung nMmachine nmad amadam/madame nmagazine nmagic amaid nmail n & vmailbox nmain amainland nmajor amajority nmake1 nmake2(made,made) vmale a & nman(pl men) nmanage vmanager nmankind nmanner nmany(more,most) pron & a map nmaple nmarathon nmarble n。