2020年职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解精讲(7)
2020年职称英语考试真题(理工类A级)
2020年职称英语考试真题(理工类A级) Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but becausethe carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigat,ing the link between volcaniceruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed- off large numbers of animals, butall the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanicrock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more.damage they seemedto do. Hecalculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of lifethey killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, oldereruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction' ,for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Thosevolcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. Theglobal warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all manne genera atthe time, and it took 5million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount ofvolcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but thingsreturned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent oneshardly have an effect atall.”Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks thatolder volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted todealing with increased levels of C02.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall'sidea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points outthat the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficultto estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may notnecessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.。
2020年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案(1)
B. attach
C. lose
D. understand
8. Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.
A. turning
B. jumping
C. shaking
D. shouting
9. It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.
6. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.
A. reported
B. praised
C. proved
D. caught
7. At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.
A. simplifies
B. evaluates
C. criticizes
D. examines
14. At 80，Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.
A. happy
B. alone
C. busy
D. energetic
15. For some obscure reason，the simple game is becoming very popular.
3. I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.
A. instructing
B. pushing.
C. notifying
2020年职称英语理工A阅读判断真题及答案
2020年职称英语理工A阅读判断真题及答案阅读判断The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a smallgroup of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with theIndustrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with hisfather at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel.At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge ofthe project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口)occurredin 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejectedall entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel's design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however,exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.16.【题干】Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】17.【题干】Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】18.【题干】Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】19.【题干】Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】20.【题干】Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.【选项】A.RightB.Wrong。
2020年职称英语理工A真题：阅读理解(文字版)
2020年职称英语理工A真题：阅读理解(文字版)以下试题为网友提供，仅供考生参考!Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over thepast 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massivevolcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera atthe time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned tonormal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall’s idea is prov ocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it isdifficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.Black Holes TriggerScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close.The black hotels gravity pullsharder on the nearest part of the star，an imbalance thatpulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours，onceit gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star.The strain of these unbalanced forces canalso trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroythe star from within.Matthieu Brassart and Jean-PierreLuminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon，France1，carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star‘s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough，the uneven forcesflatten it into a pancake shape.Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart.But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shockwaves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nuclear explo sion.“Therewill be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed，” Brassart says. Although the explosionobliterates the star，it saves some of the star‘s matterfrom being devoured by the black hole.The explosion ispowerful enough to hurl mu ch of the star’s matter out of the black hole‘s reach，he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed，although at a much later stage.It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats upas it does so，releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode，then they could in principle allow these events to bedetected at a much earlier stage，says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York，US2.“It may make it。
2020职称英语理工类A真题及答案.doc
2020 职称英语理工类 A 真题及答案第1 部分：词汇选项( 第1～15 题，每题 1 分，共15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。
1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. accept2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. senseB. talentC. flavorD. taste3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. destiny4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. sensible5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. active6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. sum7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clearB. necessaryC. specialD. correct8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. ServiceB. dangerC. disorderD. threat9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surviveB. lastC. dieD. move10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fairB. full C .coexisting D. public11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policyB. value C .equality D. integration12. A salesman ’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.A. principalB. officialC. simpleD. legal13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silenceB. praise C .assure D. complain14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. pitiful第2 部分：阅读判断( 第1 6～22 题，每题l 分，共7 分)下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2020职称英语理工类A真题及答案
2020职称英语理工类A真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. accept2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. senseB. talentC. flavorD. taste3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. destiny4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. sensible5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. active6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. sum7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clearB. necessaryC. specialD. correct8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. ServiceB. dangerC. disorderD. threat9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surviveB. lastC. dieD. move10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fairB. full C .coexisting D. public11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policyB. value C .equality D. integration12. A salesman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.A. principalB. officialC. simpleD. legal13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silenceB. praise C .assure D. complain14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. pitiful。
2020年职称英语理工类A级模拟试题及答案.doc
2020 年职称英语理工类 A 级模拟试题及答案第 1 部分：词汇选择 ( 第 1～15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有一个词或短语有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。
1.The old concerns lose importance and some ofthem vanish altogether.A.developB.disappearC.lingerD.renew2.In the United States educational system, intermediate school is the transitional phase between the primary gradesand high school.A.stageB.notionC.patternD.alternative3.Fluoride deters tooth decay by reducing the growth of bacteria that destroy tooth enamel.A.facilitatesB.overwhelmsC.inhibitsD.loosens4.The firm of Bonnin and Morris in Philadelphia was probably the first American Company to manufacture porcelain.A.silverwareB.crystalC.chinaD.linen5.Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990.A.inB.aroundC.fromD.before6.We packed up the things I had accumulated over the last three years and left for good.A.closeB.nearC.pastD.final7.The chemical is lethal to rats but safe to cattle.A.toxicB.harmfulD.contagious8.She is very conscientious about her work.A.worriedB.carefulC.anxiousD.nervous9.She has consolidated her power.A.strengthenedB.wonC.hardenedD.united10.The drinking water is contaminated with impurities.A.blackenedB.pollutedC.darkenedD.mixed11.Her novel depicts a futuristic America.A.writesB.sketchesC.describes12.He expressed concern that the ship might bein distress.A.despairB.difficultiesC.needD.danger13.They are endeavoring to change society as a whole.A.tryingB.workingC.doingD.making14.Your eternal boasting annoys everyone,A.unchangeableB.everlastingC.boringD.monotonous15.The other women seemed contented and theyeven exhibited their bellies with pride.A.demonstratedB.uncoveredC.spreadD.showed第 2 部分：阅读判断 ( 第 16～22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后，列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择 A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。
2020年职称英语《理工A》阅读理解真题(文字版)
2020年职称英语《理工A》阅读理解真题(文字版) Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over thepast 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massivevolcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera atthe time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent oneshardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.为了给考生提供更直观的真题答案解析，本站精心策划【】，请点击查看！Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in Fran ce, says that Wignall’s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it isdifficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.。
2020年职称英语真题：理工A阅读理解真题
2020年职称英语真题：理工A阅读理解真题Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over thepast 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massivevolcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera atthe time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall’s idea is prov ocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it isdifficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.为了给考生提供更直观的真题答案解析，本站精心策划【】，请点击查看！。
2020职称英语理工类A真题包括答案.doc
2020 职称英语理工类 A 真题及答案第 1 部分：词汇选项 ( 第 1～15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。
1.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. accept2.She showed a natural aptitude for the work.3.Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. destiny4.The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. sensible5.They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. active6.We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. sum7.The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.8.The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.9.He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surviveB. lastC. dieD. move10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fairB. full C .coexisting D. public11.They promote assimilation of ethnic groups intothe main-stream culture.A. policyB. value C .equality D. integration12.A salesman ’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers. A.principal B. official C. simple D. legal13.I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation14.We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous15.The starving children were a pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. pitiful第 2 部分：阅读判断 ( 第 16～22 题，每题 l 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择 A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。
2020年职称英语理工A阅读理解真题及答案
2020年职称英语理工A阅读理解真题及答案Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才能)also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft(选抜)， he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough—no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful(难对付的人)for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(骨折)in his left foot, a collectiveshudder(震动)spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-monthrecovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM's benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair."There is no reason to dismiss TCM," Yao told a press conference in Beijing." It's been used in our country for thousands of years. I don't think that it's short on science."31.【题干】The word "towering" in Paragraph 1 means_____【选项】rge.B.fat.C.tall.D.great.【答案】C【解析】32.【题干】Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_____【选项】A.mobility.B.assault.C.defense.D.celebrity.【答案】A【解析】33.【题干】Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_____【选项】A.his right foot had been hurting.B.he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C.the surgical operation had been a failure.D.he couldn't afford all the medical expenses.【答案】B【解析】34.【题干】Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?【选项】A.He missed the Athens Olympics.B.He is an NBA player.C.He fractured his left foot.D.He is an international figure.。
2020年职称英语考试押题(理工类A阅读理解)
2020年职称英语考试押题（理工类A阅读理解）2020年职称英语考试押题（理工类A阅读理解）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。
请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择l个答案涂在答题卡相对应的位置上。
第一篇Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.Travelling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use ofdigital in--car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss crucial road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through” high-sided vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort.But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.3l What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate? _________A They are developing faster electric vehicles.B They are analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every year.C They focus their research on safety and new fuels.D They are designing fully automatic cars.32 According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen _________A because drivers fall asleepB because drivers make mistakesC because of engine failureD because of speeding33 Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage? _________A Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.B Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.C Improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres.D Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.34 What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications? _________A To prevent car thieves from getting into your car.B To call for help when one's car crashes.C To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic.D To track the car down when it is being stolen.35 What is true of robotic drivers? _________A It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.B Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads.C Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.D Robotic drives are too expensive to use.第二篇How to ForgiveTo forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge. But forgiveness ispossible－and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. “People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,”says Frederic luskin, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good (Harper Collins, 2002). “So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps： Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure： a beautifulscene in nature, someone you love,” laskin says. Don't wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologi zing,” luskin says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness doesnot necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action. Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives powerto the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” luskin says. Try to see things fromthe other person's perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear－even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns. Don't forget to forgive yourself. “ For people, forgivin g themselves is the biggest challenge,” luskin says. “ But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don't.”36 According to the passage, which of the following statements of forgiveness is NOT true? _________A Forgiveness is easy.B Forgiveness is possible.C Forgiveness can benefit your physical and mental health.D Forgiveness is great.37 The underlined word “grudge” (Para. l) most probably means“_________”.A understandingB forgivenessC angerD jealousy38 “Take a couple of breaths and think of... someone you love” is a good way to _________.A take the control away from your offenderB see things from the other person's perspectiveC recognize the benefits of forgivenessD calm yourself39 According to luskin, you should not wait for an apology. There are several reasons EXCEPT that _________.A the person who hurt you may have no intention of apologizingB forgiveness means reconciliation with the person who hurt youC the person who hurt you may have wanted to hurt youD people just don't see things the same way40 What is the biggest challenge? _________A To have better appetite and better sleep when you are hurt by others.B To stop replaying your hurt.C To remember to forgive yourself.D To write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.第三篇HawaiiHawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of thearchipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in l898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's homeless, suffer levels of unemployment and theirlife span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state--as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in l978 to represent to natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in l987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The stateauthorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In l933, the state government paid the OHA US$l36 million in back rent on the crown land and manyofficials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.4l Hawaii's native minority refers to _________.A people of Filipino originB the Ka lahui groupC people with 50％ Hawaiian bloodD Hawaii's ethnic groups42 Which of the following statement is true of the Hawaiian natives? _________A They are the only native group without sovereignty.B Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.D Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groupsin Hawaii.43 Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee? _________A He suggested that the native people decide for themselves.B He is leading the local independence movement.C He is Hawaii's first native governor.D He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.44 Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty? _________A The Hawaiian natives.B American Indian natives.C Office of Hawaiian Affairs.D The Ka lahui group.45 Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT _________．A more back rent on the crown landB full independence from the USC a greater autonomy within the stateD a claim on the Hawaiian crown land更多推荐：、、。
2020年职称英语考试真题理工类A级阅读理解(文字版)
2020年职称英语考试真题理工类A级阅读理解(文字版)Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over thepast 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massivevolcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera atthe time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no massextinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall’s idea is prov ocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it isdifficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.Black Holes TriggerScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close.The black hotels gravity pullsharder on the nearest part of the star，an imbalance thatpulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours，onceit gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star.The strain of these unbalanced forces canalso trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroythe star from within.Matthieu Brassart and Jean-PierreLuminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon，France1，carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star‘s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough，the uneven forcesflatten it into a pancake shape.Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart.But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shockwaves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nuclear explo sion.“Therewill be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed，” Brassart says. Although the explosionobliterates the star，it saves some of the star‘s matterfrom being devoured by the black hole.The explosion ispowerful enough to hurl mu ch of the star’s matter out of the black hole‘s reach，he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed，although at a much later stage.It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats upas it does so，releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode，then they could in principle allow these events to bedetected at a much earlier stage，says Jules Hatpern ofColumbia University in New York，US2.“It may make itpossible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough，” he says.Brassart agrees.“Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays，but it‘s something that needs to bemore studied，” he says.Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos，New Mexico，US3，says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate，and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.词汇：supermassive adj.特大质量的imbalance/im5bAlEns/n.不平衡，不平衡veer/ viE/v.转向，改变方向flatten/5flAtn/v.使成扁平，夷平pancake/5pAnkeik/n.薄煎饼obliterate/E5blitEreit/v.抹去，除去，消除devour/di5vauE（r）/v.吞没；毁灭swirl/swE：l/打旋，旋动gamma rays γ 射线supernova/7sju：pE5nEuvE/n.超新星。
2020职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解试题(1)答案解析
2020职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解试题（1）答案解析答案解析：31、C建筑设计是否能使建筑具有抵御恐怖袭击的性能，是一个月前世界贸易中心受到袭击之前人们从未想过的一个问题。
这是第一段的主要内容。
所以，只有C是准确答案。
32、D A不是准确选项，因为文章没有提及谁首先提出这个项目。
B或C都不是文章所述的内容。
答案能够在第三段中找到。
33、B相关本题的句子是第四段的第三句，"This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be Part of that building."这里的this buildin9指的是the building many meters away from the World Trade Center，而that buildin9指的是World Trade Center.34、B选项A不是答案，因为文章说，the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings…remain intact.C不是文章表达的内容。
D在文中提到，但不是a surprising discovery .只有B是准确答案。
35、D选项A的内容是准确的，根据是本段最后一句（"…develop new ones"）选项B和C的内容也是准确的，根据是本段最后两句（关键词是applicable和transfer）只有D是答案。
因为Reinhorn没有说：blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.。
2020年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案
2020年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but becausethe carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigat,ing the link between volcaniceruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed- off large numbers of animals, butall the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanicrock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more.damage they seemedto do. Hecalculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of lifethey killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, oldereruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction' ,for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Thosevolcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. Theglobal warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all manne genera atthe time, and it took 5million years for the planet torecover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount ofvolcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but thingsreturned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect atall.”Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks thatolder volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted todealing with increased levels of C02.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall'sidea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points outthat the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficultto estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may notnecessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.。
2020年职称英语考试理工类练习题：阅读理解
2020年职称英语考试理工类练习题：阅读理解Life expectancy rates in the United States are al an all-time high, with people born in2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years, a new federal study finds.The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasinglife expectancy that began in l955, when the average American lived to be 69.6 years old. By l995, lire expectancy was 75.8 years and by 2006, it had risen to 77. 9 years, according to the report released Wednesday."This is good news," said report co-author Donna Hoyert, a health scientist at the national Center for Health Statistics. "It's even better news that it is a continuation of trends, so it is a long period of continuing improvement."Despite the upward trend, the United States still has lower lire expectancy than some 40 other countries, according to the U. S. Census (人口普查) Bureau. The country with the longest lire expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years, followed by Japan, Macau, San Marino and Singapore.Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country-heart disease, cancer and stroke.In addition, in 2005, the U. S. death rate dropped to an all-time low of less than 800 deaths per l00, 000.Dr. David Katz, director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School Medicine. Said, "News thatlire expectancy is increasing is, of course, good. But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U. S."Adding years to life is a good thing, Katz said. "But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well, and not just longer, we still have our work cut out for us." he said.1 Since l 955, lire expectancy rates in the U. S. haveA moved up and down.B been declining.C remained steady.D been on the rise.2 Compared with the country with the longest lire expectancy, the U. S. isA nearly 3 years behind.B nearly 4 years behind.C nearly 6 years behind.D nearly 8 years behind.3 The increase In the U. S. lire expectancy is mostly due toA declining death rates from heart disease, cancer and stroke.B increasing lire expectancy rates in some other countries.C a rise in the rate of chronic disease.D a declining birth rate.4 Which of the following statements is NOT true?A The U. S. 1ife expectancy is at an all-time high.B The U. S. death rate was at an all-time low in 2005.C Chronic disease appears to be at an all-time high in the U. S.D The annual death rate in the U. S. is over 800 deaths per l00, 000.5 The expression "adding vital to years" in the last paragraph meansA living longerB living well.C living longer and wellD living at any cost.答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B。
职称英语理工类AB级阅读理解例题解析资料
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】第一部分：Smart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hot and sunn y, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory.” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future,” Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.词汇：flip n. & v. 用手指轻弹，轻击tungsten oxide 氧化钨。
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2020年职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解精讲(7)
Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"
Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as "ecosystem engineers" and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2
activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the
university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said："Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They're also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is
that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4.
They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web," Sanders said.
The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said："What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect ― thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces
its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.
词汇：
predator /' predt/ n.食肉动物
nutrient/' nju：trint/ n .营养物;adj.营养的
decomposer/,di：km'puz/ n.腐生物;分解体
prey/prei/ v.捕食;n.被捕食的动物
subtlety/ 'stlti/ n ，微妙，精妙
herbivore/ 'h：biv： / n .食草动物
注释：
1.the University of Exeter ：埃克斯特大学。
1851 年建校，
位于英国西南部重要商业中心埃克斯特市，是英国的传统大学之一。
2. nest building ：筑巢
3. territorial ：领地的。
在此用来形容蚂蚁的本性，即具有很
强的领地意识，并且会竭尽全力保卫自己的领地。
4. an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups ：其他动物群体在数量和品种上的增长。
5. biomass ：物质名词，由bio和mass 两部分组成，意为“生
物量”“生物质”。
6. biodiversity ：物质名词，由bio和diversity 两部分组成，意为“生物多样性”。
7.the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem ：蚂蚁
对生态系统的维护作用。
8. below ground processes ：土壤下面的(工作)过程，即影响
生态环境的过程。