飞机设计导论2(第二章)

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Introduction to Aircraft Design
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2.2 Operator-derived specifications
Military aircraft specifications are often derived using operational research techniques, but include significant input from pilots and engineers. They rely heavily on data from existing aircraft which need to be replaced or to be augmented. Perceived threat (determined from intelligence sources，情报源 is an important element of ，情报源) the specification.
Too great an improvement may not be achievable Too little may be too small to be attractive Checked in conceptual design stage and the specification may be modified
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2.3 Airline specification for a 150-seat airliner General expectations (continued)
Design demands will be extended to achieve a maximum service life, a maximum of reliability（可靠性） and full ease of （可靠性） maintainability（可维护性、维修性）. （可维护性、维修性） A minimum requirement for training, both ground and flight. Spare requirements are to be minimized and maximum utilization of present ground equipment.
market surveys operators’ specifications
2011年3月6日星期日
Introduction to Aircraft Design
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2.1 Market surveys
Major aircraft manufacturers employ marketing departments which produce annual reports Analyze and extrapolate (外推 historical data 外推) 外推
Introduction to
Aircraft Design
Chapter 2
Why Should We Design a New Aircraft?
Liu Hu (刘虎 刘虎) 刘虎
School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering
Contents
Introduction 2.1 Market surveys 2.2 Operator-derived specifications 2.3 Airline specification for a 150-seat airliner 2.4 Specification for a close air support aircraft 2.5 RFP for an air-to-air fighter* 2.6 Demonstration with SEACD
Introduction to Aircraft Design
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Introduction
Solutions B -- Consider the initiation of the design of a new aircraft.
Aircraft manufacturers are in the business of making profit out of building aircraft. Initiation of new design is to retain or enhance design capabilities.
The design will utilize the latest aerodynamic, systems and material technology consistent with（符合） the stated mission requirements. 符合）
2011年3月6日星期日
Introduction to Aircraft Design
2011年3月6日星期日
Introduction to Aircraft Design
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2.1 Market surveys
Examine existing and proposed competitors in the market, analyze their strengths and weaknesses.
2011年3月6日星期日
Introduction to Aircraft Design
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2.1 Market surveys
The final stage in the derivation of the specification is to determine targets of how much to improve certain performance parameters, comfort, or costs, relative to the competition.
2011年3月6日星期日
Introduction to Aircraft Design
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2.3 Airline specification for a 150-seat airliner An amalgamation（融合、合并） of US and 融合、合并） European specifications, that were current in mid-1980s, and let to the MD80 and Airbus A320-type design. A 150-passenger, short-range, twinengined aircraft.
2011年3月6日星期日
Introduction to Aircraferived specifications
Airlines or groups of airlines put forward their specifications for their particular requirements. Aircraft designer has to be careful not to follow individual airline requirements to exclusion of other potential customers.
The world has accepted that flying is an extremely efficient means of quickly transporting people, cargo or equipment, and performing a wide range of other activities. All operators need to increase efficiency, cost-effectiveness, environmental compatibility and safety. Air superiority.
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Introduction to Aircraft Design
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2.1 Market surveys
Sources for getting data and characteristics of competitors
Annual publication, e.g., Janes All the Worlds Aircraft Aeronautical journals and manufacturers’ brochures（小册子） 小册子） Internet
2011年3月6日星期日
Introduction to Aircraft Design
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2.2 Operator-derived specifications
More complex aircraft are often procured 获得、完成） （获得、完成）by several governments and follow the multi-national specifications.
2011年3月6日星期日
Introduction to Aircraft Design
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2.3 Airline specification for a 150-seat airliner Major design objectives -- Include an aircraft with minimum seat mile cost and yet provide maximum comfort to the passenger. General expectations
2011年3月6日星期日
Introduction to Aircraft Design
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Introduction
Requirements and aircraft specification must consider the needs of aircraft operators, whether they are airlines or air forces. ! A certain path to disaster is to produce an aircraft that no one will buy! Two means of deriving requirement specification