2016考研英语大纲原文

合集下载

2016考研英语作文大纲

2016考研英语作文大纲Introduction:The 2016 Postgraduate Entrance English Exam, known for its rigorous assessment of candidates' language proficiency, includes an essay section that tests the ability to express complex ideas in English. The essay outline provided here is designed to help candidates understand the expectations and structure their responses effectively.Body:1. Essay Topic Types- The essay topics in the 2016 exam are likely to be diverse, covering areas such as social issues, education, technology, and environmental concerns. Candidates should be prepared to discuss these topics with clarity and insight.2. Structure and Organization- A well-organized essay typically includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.- The introduction should present the topic and provide a clear thesis statement.- Body paragraphs should each focus on a single main idea, supported by relevant examples or evidence.- The conclusion should summarize the main points and present a final thought or call to action.3. Language Use- Candidates are expected to demonstrate a high level of language proficiency, including a wide vocabulary, correct grammar, and effective use of complex sentence structures.- The use of idiomatic expressions and transitions to enhance coherence is encouraged.4. Argumentation and Persuasion- The essay may require candidates to present arguments or persuade the reader to accept a certain viewpoint.- Logical reasoning, critical thinking, and the ability to counter opposing arguments are essential skills to showcase.5. Time Management- Given the time constraints of the exam, candidates must be able to plan, draft, and revise their essays efficiently.Conclusion:Preparing for the essay section of the 2016 Postgraduate Entrance English Exam requires a strategic approach to mastering essay writing skills. By focusing on the topic types, structuring the essay effectively, using language proficiently, and practicing argumentation and persuasion, candidates can enhance their chances of achieving a high score in the essay portion of the exam.。

2016 考研英语阅读真题Text 3(英语一)

2016 Text 3（英语⼀）"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wroteMilton Friedman , a Nobel Prize-winning economist.诺⻉尔经济学奖得主、经济学家⻉尔顿·弗⻉德曼写道，企业社会责任有且仅有⻉种，"That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits."“那就是，利⻉⻉身资源从事能让其获利的各种活动。

”But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut.但是即使你同意弗⻉德曼的这种假设性的观点，并且认为企业社会责任政策是浪费股东的⻉钱，事情却并⻉完全如此清晰。

New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.新的研究表明，⻉少企业因腐败⻉被起诉的时候，企业社会责任或许能为企业创造经济价值。

The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15EPG, a consulting billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate byfirm.据咨询公司“EPG”估算，英美两国的⻉公司每年合计在企业社会责任上的花费超过150 亿美元。

2016年考研英语二真题原文及答案解析

2016年考研英语二真题原文及答案解析Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-termthinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happines s would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that ha ppiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems p lausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10.[A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11.[A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12.[A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13.[A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14.[A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15.[A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16.[A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17.[A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18.[A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19.[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20.[A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out1. [标准答案][C]how[考点分析]连词辨析[选项分析]? 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。

上海市2016年硕士研究生入学单独考试英语考试大纲.doc

上海市2016年硕士研究生入学单独考试英语考试大纲总则本考试为上海市各类高等院校招收单独考试硕士研究生而设置。

考试主要以《大学英语教学大纲（文、理科本科用）》中对大学英语四级水平的具体要求为根据，测试考生在英语语法、词汇、阅读及翻译等方面的语言应用能力。

考试内容与形式整份试卷包括试卷一（选择题）和试卷二（非选择题）。

试卷一含以下三个部分：第一部分词语用法和语法结构(Part I Vocabulary and Structure)共20题，考试时间为15分钟。

本部分全部是多项选择题。

跟词语用法相关的题目主要测试考生运用英语词语及短语的能力，考试范围为大学英语四级标准所含的词汇和短语。

跟语法结构相关的题目主要测试考生掌握英语语法结构的程度，考试范围包括大学英语四级标准所含的语法内容。

答题时，考生需在答题卡上按照要求填涂相应字母。

第二部分阅读理解（Part II Reading Comprehension）共20题，考试时间为65分钟。

要求考生阅读4篇英语文章，总阅读量为1500词左右。

每篇文章后有若干问题，考生应根据文章内容从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

选题的原则是：1、体裁多样，可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等。

文章所涉及的背景知识能为普通大学生理解。

2、文章的语言难度相当于国家大学英语四级统考的相应考题，但篇幅略长。

无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词，如超出考生应掌握的词汇范围，用汉语注明词义。

阅读理解部分主要测试上述能力：A. 掌握所读文章的主旨和大意；B. 了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；C. 既理解字面意思，又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论。

第三部分完形填空（Part III Cloze）共20题，考试时间为35分钟。

完形填空所用的文章长度为300词左右，难度略低于阅读理解的篇章。

文中共有20处空白，每个空白有四个选项。

考生需在所给的四个选项中选一个词或词组进行填空。

完形填空的目的是测试考生综合应用英语的能力。

206考研英语大纲原文

2016考研英语大纲原文(word版)2016考研大纲于9月18日发布后，跨考考研将第一时刻收录整理2016英语考研大纲原文，敬请关注!I. 考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评判的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的合格或合格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有必然的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应把握以下语言知识和技术：(一) 语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用大体的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓舞考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2. 辞汇考生应能把握5500左右的辞汇和相关附表中的内容(详见附录一、2)。

除把握辞汇的大体含义外，考生还应把握辞汇之间的词义关系，犹如义词、近义词、反义词等;把握辞汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;把握辞汇生成的大体知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态进展进程，它受到科技进展和社会进步的阻碍。

这意味着需要对本大纲辞汇表不断进行研究和按期的修订。

另外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行把握与本人工作或专业相关的辞汇，和涉及个人好恶、生活适应和宗教信仰等方面的辞汇。

(二) 语言技术*1. 阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总辞汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：1) 明白得主旨要义;2) 明白得文中的具体信息;3) 明白得文中的概念性含义;4) 进行有关的判定、推理和引申;5) 依照上下文推测生词的词义;6) 明白得文章的整体结构和上下文之间的关系;7) 明白得作者的用意、观点或态度;8) 区分论点和依据。

上海市2016年硕士研究生入学单独考试英语考试大纲.doc

上海市2016年硕士研究生入学单独考试英语考试大纲总则本考试为上海市各类高等院校招收单独考试硕士研究生而设置。

考试内容与形式整份试卷包括试卷一（选择题）和试卷二（非选择题）。

试卷一含以下三个部分：第一部分词语用法和语法结构(Part I Vocabulary and Structure)共20题，考试时间为15分钟。

本部分全部是多项选择题。

跟词语用法相关的题目主要测试考生运用英语词语及短语的能力，考试范围为大学英语四级标准所含的词汇和短语。

跟语法结构相关的题目主要测试考生掌握英语语法结构的程度，考试范围包括大学英语四级标准所含的语法内容。

答题时，考生需在答题卡上按照要求填涂相应字母。

第二部分阅读理解（Part II Reading Comprehension）共20题，考试时间为65分钟。

要求考生阅读4篇英语文章，总阅读量为1500词左右。

每篇文章后有若干问题，考生应根据文章内容从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

选题的原则是：1、体裁多样，可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等。

文章所涉及的背景知识能为普通大学生理解。

2、文章的语言难度相当于国家大学英语四级统考的相应考题，但篇幅略长。

无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词，如超出考生应掌握的词汇范围，用汉语注明词义。

第三部分完形填空（Part III Cloze）共20题，考试时间为35分钟。

完形填空所用的文章长度为300词左右，难度略低于阅读理解的篇章。

文中共有20处空白，每个空白有四个选项。

考生需在所给的四个选项中选一个词或词组进行填空。

完形填空的目的是测试考生综合应用英语的能力。

2016 考研英语阅读真题Text 4(英语二)

2016 Text 4（英语⼆）美国年轻⼈眼中的 "成功路径"Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the ﬁnish line of a fulﬁlling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than to prioritize personal fulﬁllment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be ﬁnancially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing , those just starting out in life are deﬁning priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.⼀项最新的⺠意调查发现，⾯对经济和⼈⼝结构的巨⼤变化，年轻的美国⼈正在寻找21世纪的成功之道。

2016考研英语一大纲完整版

2016考研英语一大纲完整版I. 考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一) 语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2. 词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

(二) 语言技能*1. 阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：1) 理解主旨要义;2) 理解文中的具体信息;3) 理解文中的概念性含义;4) 进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5) 根据上下文推测生词的词义;6) 理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7) 理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8) 区分论点和依据。

2016考研英语一text

2016考研英语一textAs a machine, it is challenging to emulate human emotions and perspectives ina response. However, I will do my best to address the requirements provided in the prompt. The 2016 postgraduate entrance exam for English is a significantmilestone for many individuals seeking to further their education. The exam is not just a test of knowledge but also a test of determination, perseverance, and hard work. For many, it represents the culmination of years of studying and preparation, with the hope of securing a brighter future through higher education. From the perspective of the examinees, the 2016 English exam is a daunting challenge that requires a high level of proficiency in the language. The exam covers a wide range of topics, from grammar and vocabulary to reading comprehension and writing skills. Examinees must demonstrate their ability to think critically, analyze information, and communicate effectively in English. The pressure to perform well on the exam can be overwhelming, as the results can have a significant impact on their future academic and career prospects. On the other hand, from the perspective of the examiners, creating a fair and comprehensive exam that accurately assesses the examinees' English proficiency is no easy task. The exam must be carefully designed to test a wide range of skills and knowledge, while also ensuring that it is not too difficult or too easy for the examinees. The examiners must considerthe diversity of the examinees' backgrounds, experiences, and abilities, andstrive to create a balanced and unbiased assessment that accurately reflects their English proficiency. In addition, the 2016 English exam is not just a test of academic knowledge, but also a test of mental and emotional resilience. Examinees must navigate through the exam with focus, concentration, and confidence, despite the stress and pressure they may be feeling. The ability to stay calm under pressure, manage time effectively, and maintain a positive attitude can greatly impact their performance on the exam. Overall, the 2016 English exam is a significant event for both the examinees and the examiners, representing a culmination of years of hard work, preparation, and dedication. It is a test ofnot just academic knowledge, but also of determination, perseverance, and resilience. As the results of the exam are revealed, examinees will anxiouslyawait to see how their efforts have paid off, while examiners will reflect on the fairness and accuracy of the exam they have created.。

2016 考研英语阅读真题Text 1(英语二)

2016 Text 1（英语⼆）⾼中编程课It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneﬁcial.When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses.It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the ﬁeld and help ﬁll the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also beneﬁt from learning something about coding before they get tocollege, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.computer science 诚然，⾼中的编程课对于⼤学学习计算机科学课程来说并不是必需的。

2016考研英语一真题原文及答案（完整文字版）解析

2016考研英语⼀真题原⽂及答案（完整⽂字版）解析2016考研英语⼀真题原⽂及答案（完整⽂字版）解析紧张的2016英语初试结束了，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报⾃⼰的答题情况，⼏乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，英语专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候⾮常顺⼿，英语题型今年是选择题，阅读题、作⽂题，相信凯程的学员们对此⾮常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

英语分笔试、⾯试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程⽼师辅导。

下⾯凯程英语⽼师把英语的真题全⾯展⽰给⼤家，供⼤家估分使⽤，以及2017年考英语的同学使⽤，本试题凯程⾸发，转载注明出处。

2016年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语（⼀）真题及答案（完整版）（注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly -acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice19 up .The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18.[A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves tohealth -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase "impinging on"(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models' character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever". It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air". Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The ideathat "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, asalways, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain's public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn't start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today's BritainText 3"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate byEPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse "halo effect" whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt PracticesAct（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression "more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online -only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transitionwould make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product." The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital - only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."36. The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a " legacy product"[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today's workplace and the "dress for success" era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what's the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips: 41___[B] Decide if the time is rightAs an executive coach, I've seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you're in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you're not sure, ask for honest feedback from trustedfriends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that's OK42_____[G]Know your goalsGet clear on what impact you're hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more "SoHo." (It's OK to use characterizations like that )43 ____[D]Understand the contextLook at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _____[E]Work with professionalsEnlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It's not as expensive as you might think.45 ______[F]Make it efficientThe point of a style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem -confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.【参考译⽂】46. 我们不必⼀定去学习如何做到⼼理健康，这种能⼒植根于我们⾃⾝，就像我们的⾝体知道如何愈合伤⼝，如何修复断⾻。

2016大纲样题英语

2016年全国卷大纲样题（edited by Fiona Mar 3rd）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节AMost animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership(伙伴关系) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生虫) on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without each other, they do better together.Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals(珊瑚)of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants which act as“dustman”, taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are even prevented from light so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.1．Some birds like to sit on a sheep because ________.A．they can eat its parasitesB．they depend on the sheep for existence C．they enjoy traveling with the sheep D．they find the position most comfortable2．The underlined word“they”in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to ________.A．birds and parasites B．birds and sheep C．parasites and sheep D．sheep, birds and parasites3．It can be learnt from the text that the coral depends on the plant for ________.A．Comfort B．Light C．Food D．oxygen4．What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?A．Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.B．Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.C．Some plants depend on each other for food.D．Some animals live better together.BThe idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange, but What's exactly that motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries．Carmakers' research and development laboratories have already proved that mixing in more noise with the help of loudspeakers can reduce the unwanted noise．Physicists have known about the technique for a long time．Sound is make up of pressure waves in the air．If two sound waves of the same frequency(频率)mix so that the highest point of one wave happens at the same time with the lowest point of the other wave, the result is no sound．Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle(周期), we can kill the unwanted noise．Using this technique many carmakers are racing to develop noise-killing systems both inside and outside the cars．Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor bum less oil and work better．Some engineers believe that the noise-killing system will be used in most cars in 1996．Butthe carmakers haven't decided if they will put it into production because it would add several hundred dollars to the cost of their ears．5. Which of the following gives a general idea of how the noise-killing system works?A．By producing pressure waves going in the opposite direction．B．By mixing high frequency sound waves with low frequency sound waves．C．By making copies of the unwanted sound waves and letting them out a little later．D．By mixing new sound waves with the noise and sending them out together．6. Besides its main function the noise-killing system can ________．A．make a car lighter B．make a car quieter C．reduce the cost of a silencer D．improve the performance of a silencer7. The noise-killing system is not yet popular mainly because ________．A．it increases the cost of car production B．carmakers are not sure if it is necessaryC．it is still being tried outD．people still have their doubts CDuring the summer holidays there will be a revised(修改过的) schedule(时刻表) of services for the students. Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged, will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club.In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining-room will serve three meals a day from 7: 00 am to 7: 00 pm during the week and two meals from noon to 7: 00 pm on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5: 00 pm.All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card. This announcement will also appear in the next week’s student newspaper.8. The main purpose of this announcement is to _________.A．tell students of important schedule changes B．tell students of new bus and library services C．show the excellent services for students D．ask students to renew their library cards9. At which of the following times will the bus leave the main hall?A．8: 00, 9: 00, 10: 00, 11: 00 B．8: 00, 9: 30, 10: 30, 11: 30C．8: 30, 9: 00, 9: 30, 10: 00 D．8: 00, 9: 30, 11: 00, 12: 3010. In the summer holidays, the library will have _________.A．no special hours B．special hours on weekdaysC．special hours on weekends D．special hours both on weekdays and weekends.11. We may infer that during the summer holidays _________.A．the student newspaper will sell more copies B．there will be a concert or a film once a week C．many students will stay in the university D．no breakfast will be served on weekendsDEVENTS(赛事)Bicycle tour and raceA bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27(Sat. & Sum. ). At 5:30am, the riders will leave Tian'anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training leg. Then the next 55kilometer leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive(竞争性的)part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli.The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaibe, covering a distance of 20 kilometers. Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and supper. Sunday morning is free for play at the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing.Cost:200 Yuan Telephone:4675027Brazilian footballersThe Brazilian Football Club will play Beijing Guo'an Team at the Workers Stadium on August 26. The club has four national team players . Also coming is 1994 US World Cup starRomario ho has promised to play for at least 45 minutes.Ticket prices:60,100,150 YuanTime/Date:4:30 pm, August 26(Sat.) Telephone: 5012372Rock climbingThe Third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on August 26-27 at the Huairou Mountain-climbing Training Base. More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take part in it. A Japanese team will give an exhibition climbing. Free for spectators(观众).Take a long-distance bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou.Time/Dates:9-12 am, August 26 and 27Telephone:7143177, 7144850, Wang Zhenghua12. The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ___.A. visiting teamsB. famous playersC. things to do for the weekendD. prices to pay for the sports events13. the underlined word "leg" in "Bicycle tour and race" probably means____ .A. raceB. practiceC. part of the trainingD. part of the tour14.What is special about the rock climbing competition?A.A foreign team takes part in it.B.You don’t have to pay to watch itC.You don’t have to be a sportman to take part.D.The bus trip to the place of the competition is free.15. If you want to find something to do for Saturday afternoon, which telephone number will you call?A. 4675027B. 7143177C. 5012372D. 7144850第二节七选五16. ________This was not because the woods and fields were always far away, but because they were too far from the city to permit people to make a day trip between morning and nightfall.17. ________He decided to turn his little school into a dormitory (宿舍楼) for the summer holidays.Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money.The idea was a success.A few years later, the school house was much too small to hold the many young people who wanted to stay there.18.________.This was the first hostel (青年招待所).Today, young students and workers of every country can meet in the hostel and get to know each other.When young people arrive at the hostel, they have only to show their cards of membership in a hostel organization in their own country.19.________Often, at the evening meal, a group of boys and girls from various parts of the country or world will happen to meet at the same hostel.They may put their food together and prepare a dinner with many kinds of dishes.Sometimes a program will be organized after the meal with dances, songs, or short talks followed by a question period.20.______For this reason, a few weeks spent "hosteling" can be just as useful a part of one's education as classes in school.A. In 1970, a young German school master had an idea which changed this situation.B. People can stay in the hostel if they brought enough equipment with them.C. One can learn a lot about other places, just by meeting people from those placesD. As a result, a dormitory was set up in an old castle nearby.E. For years, children in the industrial areas of Europe seldom left their cities to see thebeauties of the countryside.F. More and more young people went to the hostel for summer holidays.G. This card will permit them to stay in a hostel all over the world for very low prices.第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no ___21___ chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research ___22___ her. They want to see how civilized(驯化) she can ___23___. Already she does many things a human being can do.For example, she has been learning how to exchange ___24___ with people. The scientists are teaching her ___25___ language. When she wants to be picked ___26___, Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger ___27___ she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.Washoe has also been ___28___ to think out and find answers to problems. Once she was put in a ___29___ with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to ___30___. After she considered the ___31___, she got a tall box to stand ___32___. The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a ___33___ pole. Then she climbed onto the ___34___, grasped the pole, and ___35___ down the food with the pole.Washoe ___36___ like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished(家具齐全的) house. After a hard ___37___ in the laboratory, she goes home. ___38___ she plays with her toys. She ___39___ enjoys watching television before going to bed.Scientists hope to ___40___ more about people by studying our closest relative(亲属) —chimpanzee.21. A.foolish B.ordinary C.special D.simple22. A.for B.by C.to D.on23. A.experience B.change C.develop D.become24. A.actions B.views C.messages D.feelings25. A.sign B.human C.spoken D.foreign26. A.out B.at C.on D.up27. A.when B.until C.since D.while28. A.raised B.trained C.ordered D.led29. A.cave B.zoo C.room D.museum30. A.pull B.see C.eat D.reach31. A.problem B.position C.food D.ceiling32. A.by B.on C.up D.with33. A.straight B.strong C.long D.big34. A.wall B.box C.ceiling D.pole35. A.knocked B.picked C.took D.shocked36. A.lives B.acts C.thinks D.plays37. A.task B.lesson C.day D.time38. A.Here B.There C.So D.Then39. A.quite B.already C.even D.still40 A.observe B.discover C.gain D.Learn第二节语法填空One morning I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __41__ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, __42__ some of them looked very anxious and __43__ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next __44__ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike __45__ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused __46__ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept __47__ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,”__48__ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted,”Oh, dear! It’s __49__ (I).”She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers __50__ (sudden) became friendly to one another.第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错Dear Bob,I saw your note yesterday afternoon since I came back from school. You suggested that we go to concert this Friday evening.I'm sorry but I will be visit my uncle that day.He is going to Canada to make his PhD,and will leave China this Sunday.I think I should say good-bye for him.I'd really like to go to the concert.I knew the performances will stay until next weekend,so how do you think about going next Friday evening?Please let me know that we can go together then.Give me a phone at 12300456.Thanks.Li Hua第二节书面表达假定你是李华，你和几个朋友约定星期天在人民公园野餐。

2016考研英语一真题原文及答案(完整文字版)解析

2016考研英语一真题原文及答案（完整文字版）解析紧张的2016英语初试结束了，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，英语专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，英语题型今年是选择题，阅读题、作文题，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

英语分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程英语老师把英语的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考英语的同学使用，本试题凯程首发，转载注明出处。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题及答案（完整版）（注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly -acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice19 up .The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18.[A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves tohealth -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase "impinging on"(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models' character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever". It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air". Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The ideathat "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain's public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn't start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today's BritainText 3"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse "halo effect" whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression "more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transitionwould make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital - only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."36. The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a " legacy product"[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today's workplace and the "dress for success" era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what's the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips: 41___[B] Decide if the time is rightAs an executive coach, I've seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you're in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you're not sure, ask for honest feedback from trustedfriends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that's OK42_____[G]Know your goalsGet clear on what impact you're hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more "SoHo." (It's OK to use characterizations like that )43 ____[D]Understand the contextLook at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _____[E]Work with professionalsEnlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It's not as expensive as you might think.45 ______[F]Make it efficientThe point of a style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem -confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.【参考译文】46. 我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。

2016考研英语真题

2016考研英语真题Introduction: 2016 Postgraduate English Exam PaperThe 2016 Postgraduate English Exam is an important assessment for students applying for postgraduate programs in China. This article aims to provide a detailed analysis of the 2016 English exam paper and discuss strategies for effective preparation.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the 2016 English exam paper consisted of multiple passages, each followed by several questions. The passages covered a wide range of topics, including science, literature, and history. This section assessed candidates' ability to understand and interpret written information.Section 2: Vocabulary and GrammarThe vocabulary and grammar section evaluated candidates' knowledge and understanding of English vocabulary and grammar rules. It included various types of questions, such as fill in the blanks, sentence completion, and error identification. This section tested candidates' ability to apply vocabulary and grammar rules accurately in context.Section 3: TranslationThe translation section required candidates to translate sentences from Chinese to English. This section examined candidates' language proficiency and their ability to accurately convey meaning between the two languages.Section 4: WritingThe writing section required candidates to write an essay on a given topic. Candidates were expected to express their thoughts clearly, organize their ideas logically, and demonstrate good writing skills. The essay topic for the 2016 exam was "The Impact of Technology on Society."Conclusion:The 2016 Postgraduate English Exam was a comprehensive assessment of candidates' English language proficiency. It tested their reading comprehension skills, vocabulary and grammar knowledge, translation abilities, and writing skills. To perform well in this exam, candidates should develop effective strategies for each section and allocate their time wisely during the examination. With diligent preparation and practice, candidates can improve their chances of success in the Postgraduate English Exam.。

2016考研英语新大纲附录2

2016考研英语大纲附录2常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词）一、常用的前缀和后缀aero- concerning the air or aircraftplane- aeroplanespace-aerospaceanti- against; opposite ofnuclear- antinuclearmatter-antimatterwar -antiwarauto- of or by oneselfbiography-autobiographycriticism- autocriticismbe- to treat as the stated thingfriend-befriendlittle-belittlebi- two; twice; doublelingual-bilingualcycle-bicyclebio- concerning living thingschemistry-biochemistrysphere-biosphereby-, bye- less importantproduct-by-productway-bywaycenti- hundredth part of a unitgrade-centigrademeter-centimeterco- together, withauthor-coauthorexist-coexistcol- (used before l) together, withlocation-collocationcom- ( used before b, m , p) together, withpassion-compassioncon- together, withcentric-concentricfederation-confederationcontra- oppositediction-contradictionnatural-contranaturalcor- (used before r) together, withrelate-correlaterespond- correspondcounter- oppositeact-counteractattack-counterattackcross- across; going between the stated things and joining them country-cross-countrybreed-crossbreedde- showing an opposite; to remove; to reducecode-decodevalue-devaluedis- not; the opposite ofadvantage-disadvantageagree-disagreehonest-dishonestem- (used before b, m, p) to cause to becomebody-embodypower- empoweren- to cause to become; to makedanger- endangerlarge- enlargeex- former( and still living)minister-ex-ministerwife-ex-wifeextra- outside; beyondcurricular- extracurricularordinary-extraordinaryfore- in advance, before ; in or at the frontarm-forearmwarn-forewarnil- (used before l) notlegal-illegalliterate-illiterateim- (used before b, m, p) notmoral-immoralpossible-impossiblein- notdirect-indirectsensitive-insensitiveinfra- below in a range; beyondred-infraredstructure-infrastructureinter- between; amongchange-interchangenational-internationalintra- inside, within; intocity-intracitydepartment-intra-departmentir- (used before r) notregular-irregularresponsible-irresponsiblekilo- thousandgram-kilogrammeter-kilometermacro- large, esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts ofeconomics-macroeconomicsstructure-macrostructuremal- bad or badlyfunction-malfunctiontreat-maltreatmicro- extremely smallcomputer-microcomputer electronics-microelectronicsmid- middleday-middaynight-midnightmini- small; shortbus-minibusskirt-miniskirtmis- bad or badly; wrong or wrongly fortune- misfortuneunderstand-misunderstandmono- one; singleplane-monoplanetone-monotonemulti- more than one; many purpose-multipurposenational-multinationalnon- notresident-non (-) residentsense-nonsenseout- outside; beyondlive-outlivedoor-outdoorover- too much; above; additional head-overheadtime-overtimepoly- manycentric-polycentricsyllabic-polysyllabicpost- later than; aftergraduate-postgraduatewar-postwarpre- before ; in advancepay-prepaywar-prewarpro- in favor of, supportingAmerica-pro-Americaabortion-pro-abortionpseudo- not real; falsename-pseudonymscience-pseudosciencere- again; back to the former stateunite-reuniteuse-reuseself- by means of oneself or itself; of, to, with, for, or in oneself or itself employed-self-employedtaught-self-taughtsemi- half; partlycircle- semicirclefinal-semifinalstep- not by birth but through a parent who has remarriedmother-stepmotherchildren-stepchildrensub- under, below; less important; part of the stated bigger whole divide-subdividesection-subsectionsuper- more , larger, greater than usualmarket-supermarketnatural-supernaturaltele- at or over a long distance; by or for television communication-telecommunicationscreen-telescreentherm ( o) - concerning heatchemistry-thermochemistrymeter-thermometertrans- across, on or to the other side of; between Atlantic-transatlanticplant-transplanttri- three; three timesangular-triangularcycle-tricycleultra- beyond; very, extremelymodern- ultramodernsound-ultrasoundcertain-uncertainfortunate-unfortunateunder- too little ; belowdevelop-underdevelopsea-underseauni- one; singleform-uniformdirectional-unidirectionalvice- next in the rank; belowchairman-vice -chairmanpresident-vice-president2．常用后缀(1)名词后缀-ability, -ibilityable-abilityflexible-flexibility-agepost-postage-alshort-shortagearrive-arrivalrefuse-refusal-an, -ian, -arianlibrary-librarianmusic-musician-ance, -enceappear-appearancerefer-reference-ancy, -encyemerge-emergency expect-expectancy-ant, -entapply-applicant correspond-correspondent -cyaccurate-accuracy private-privacy-domking-kingdomfree-freedom-eeemploy-employee interview-interviewee-er, -or, -arpaint-painterbeg-beggar-erybrave-braveryslave-slavery-eseChina-ChineseJapan-Japanese-essactor- actresswaiter-waitress-fulhand-handfulspoon-spoonful-hoodchild-childhoodman-manhood-icselectron-electronics linguist-linguistics-ion, -ition, -ation collect-collection observe-observation -ismMarx-Marxism socialist- socialism-istpsychiatry-psychiatrist violin-violinist-ity, -tycruel-crueltypure-purity-mentmove-movement retire-retirement-nessdark-darkness happy-happiness-ologyclimate-climatology future-futurology-shipfriend-friendship scholar-scholarship-sion, -ssion decide-decision expand-expansion grow-growthwide-width-ureclose-closureexpose-exposure(2)动词后缀-endeep-deepenfast-fasten-ifyclass-classifysimple-simplify-ize ,-isemodern-modernise/modernize popular- popularise/popularize (3)形容词后缀-able, -iblesuit- suitablequestion-questionable nature-naturalstructure- structural-an, -arian, -iansuburb-suburbanCanada-Canadian-ant, -entdiffer-differentplease-pleasant-ary, -oryadvise-advisorycustom-customary-ateconsider-consideratefortune-fortunate-engold-goldenwood-wooden-eseChina-ChineseJapan-Japanese-freecare-carefreeduty- duty-free-fulcare-carefulpain-painful-ic, -icalatom- atomic psychology-psychological -ishgirl-girlishchild-childish-ivecreate-creativesupport- supportive-lesshope-hopelesspain-painless-likechild-childlikelady-ladylike-lyman-manlymonth-monthly-ous, -iousdanger-dangerous poison-poisonous-sometire-tiresometrouble-troublesome-warddown-downwardup-upward-yguilt-guiltynoise-noisy(4)副词后缀-lyeasy-easilyheavy-heavily-ward, -wardseast-eastward ( s ) north-northward ( s ) -wiseclock-clockwise other-otherwise三、洲名名词AfricaAmericaAntarcticaAsiaAustraliaEuropeNorth AmericaOceaniaSouth AmericaAfricanAmericanAntarcticAsianAustralianEuropeanNorth AmericanOceanicSouth American四、常见缩写词AD,A.D Anno Domini = in the year of the Lord; since Christ was born) 公元A.M. ,a.m. ante meridiem (before noon) 上午，午前Apr. April四月Aug. August 八月Ave. avenue 林荫道，大街BA Bachelor of Arts 文科学士BC, B.C before Christ 公元前BS,BSc Bachelor of Science 理科学士℃ Centigrade 摄氏度cc cubic centimeter 立方厘米CD compact disk 光盘，激光唱片cf. confer( =compare) 试比较；参看cm centimeter 厘米Co. company 公司c/o care of 由…转交cp. compare 比较Dec. December 十二月dept., Dept. department 部，司，局，系Dr, Dr. doctor 博士；医生e.g exempli gratia (=for example) 例如esp especially 尤其是et al et alii(= and others)，et alibi(and elsewhere) 以及其他等etc. et cetera( = and the rest) 等等F Fahrenheit 华氏的Feb February 二月Fri. Friday 星期五ft foot, feet 英尺g, gm, gm gram 克GMT Greenwich Mean Time 格林尼治时间hr, hr. hour 小时ID identification card 身份证i.e. id est( = that is) 那就是，即in . inch 英寸Inc . incorporated 股份有限的Jan. January 一月Jr. junior 小（用于姓名后）Jul. July 七月Jun. June 六月kg, kg. kilogram 千克，公斤km, km. kilometer 千米，公里l, l. liter 升lb , lb. libra (=pound) 磅Ltd. limited 有限的，股份有限的m, m. meter 米MA Master of Arts 文科硕士Mar. March 三月min. minute 分钟ml, ml. millimeter 毫升Mon. Monday 星期一Mr, Mr Mister …先生Mrs, Mrs Mistress …夫人，…太太Ms, Ms. Mrs or Miss …女士MS, MSc Master of Science 理科硕士Mt mount, mountain 峰，山No. number 号码Nov. November 十一月Oct. October 十月P page; parking 页；停车处par, para paragraph （文章的）段Ph.D., PhD Philosophiae Doctor 博士pl. plural 复数PM, P.M. post meridiem (= afternoon) 下午，午后PRC the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国Prof. professor 教授PS postscript 附言Rd., rd road 路Sat. Saturday 星期六sec. second 秒Sep. , Sept. September 九月Sing singular 单数sq. square 平方；广场st. street 街道sth. something 某物，某事Sun. Sunday 星期日t, t. ton 吨tel. telephone 电话Thurs Thursday 星期四Tues. Tuesday 星期二UK the United Kingdom （大不列颠及北爱尔兰）联合王国，英国UN the United Nations 联合国US, U.S the United States (of America) 美利坚合众国，美国usu. usually 通常v, vs versus …对…VIP very important person 重要人物，大人物vol. Volume 卷，册W,w watt 瓦特WC water closet 厕所Wed. ,Weds Wednesday 星期三。

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语I.考试性质普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。

高等学校根据考生的成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。

因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。

Ⅱ.考试内容和要求根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，依据中华人民共和国教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中课程方案（实验）》和《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》，确定本学科考试内容。

考核目标与要求—、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5)，要求词汇量为3 500左右1。

二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义(2)获取具体的、事实性信息(3)对所听内容做出推断(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义1各省（自治区、直辖市）可以根据本地实际情况在《考试说明》中对词汇量进行适当调整，但不得低于3 000个单词；同时，应制订计划，在一定时间内分期、分批增加至3 500个单词。

(2)理解文中具体信息(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义(4)做出判断和推理(5)理解文章的基本结构(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思(2)有效运用所学语言知识4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：(1)询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法(2)做到语音、语调自然(3)做到语言运用得体(4)使用有效的交际策略附录1 语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1.名词（1）可数名词及其单复数（2）不可数名词（3）专有名词（4）名词所有格2.代词（1）人称代词（2）物主代词（3）反身代词（4）指示代词（5）不定代词（6）疑问代词3.数词（1）基数词（2）序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词（比较级和最高级）7.副词（比较级和最高级）8.冠词9.动词（1）动词的基本形式（2）系动词（3）及物动词和不及物动词（4）助动词（5）情态动词10.时态（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词（1）动词不定式（2）动词的-ing形式（3）动词的-ed形式13.构词法（1）合成法（2）派生法（3）转化法（4）缩写和简写14.句子种类（1）陈述句（2）疑问句（3）祈使句（4）感叹句15.句子成分（1）主语（2）谓语（3）表语（4）宾语（5）定语（6）状语（7）补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句（1）宾语从句（2）状语从句（3）定语从句（4）主语从句（5）表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1.社会交往(Social Communications)（1）问候(Greetings)（2）介绍(Introduction)（3）告别（Farewells)（4）感谢（Thanks)（5）道歉（Apologies)（6）邀请(Invitation)（7）请求允许(Asking for permission)（8）祝愿和祝贺（Expressing wishes and congratulations) （9）提供帮助（Offering help)（10）接受和拒绝（Acceptance and refusal)（11）约会（Makingappointments )（12）打电话（Makingtelephone calls)（13）就餐（Havingmeals)（14）就医(Seeingthe doctor)（15）购物(Shopping)（16）问路(Askingthe way)（17）谈论天气(Talkingabout weather)（18）语言交际困难（Languagedifficulties in communication) （19）提醒注意（Reminding)（20）警告和禁止（Warningand prohibition)（21）劝告（Advice)（22）建议（Suggestions)2.态度(Attitudes)（23）同意和不同意（Agreement and disagreement)（24）喜欢和不喜欢（Likes and dislikes)（25）肯定和不肯定(Certaintyand uncertainty)（26）可能和不可能（Possibility and impossibility) （27）能够和不能够(Ability and inability )（28）偏爱和优先选择（Preference)（29）意愿和打算（Intentions and plans)（30）希望和愿望（Hopes and wishes)（31）表扬和鼓励（Praise and encouragement) （32）责备和抱怨（Blame and complaint)（33）冷淡(Indifference)（34）判断与评价（Judgement and evaluation)3.情感(Emotions)（35）高兴(Happiness)（36）惊奇(Surprise)（37）忧虑(Worries)（38）安慰(Reassurance)（39）满意(Satisfaction)（40）遗憾(Regret)（41）同情(Sympathy)（42）恐惧(Fear)（43）愤怒(Anger)4.时间（Time)（44）时刻(Point of time)（45）时段(Duration)（46）频度(Frequency)（47）时序(Sequence)5.空间(Space)（48）位置(Position)（49）方向（Direction)（50）距离（Distance)6.存在(Existence)（51）存在与不存在（Existenceand Non-existence) 7.特征（Features)（52）形状(Shape)（53）颜色(Colour)（54）材料(Material)（55）价格(Price)（56）规格(Size)（57）年龄(Age)8.计量(Measurement)（58）长度(Length)（59）宽度(Width)（60）高度(Height)（61）数量(Number)9.比较(Comparison)（62）同级比较(Equalcomparison)（63）差别比较(Comparativeand superlative) （64）相似和差别(Similarityand difference)10.逻辑关系（Logicalrelations)（65）原因和结果(Causeand effect)（66）目的(Purpose)11.职业(Occupations)（67）工作(Jobs)（68）单位(Employer)附录4话题项目表1.个人情况(Personalinformation)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人（Family，friendsand people around)3.周围的环境（Personal environments)4.日常活动（Dailyroutines)5.学校生活（Schoollife)6.兴趣与爱好（Interestsandhobbies)7.个人感情（Emotions)8.人际关系（Interpersonalrelationships)9.计划与愿望（Plansand intentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11.购物(Shopping)12.饮食(Foodanddrink)13.健康（Health)14.天气（Weather)15.文娱与体育（Entertainmentand sports)16.旅游和交通(Traveland transport)17.语言学习(Languagelearning)18.自然（Nature)19.世界与环境（The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术（Popularscience and modern technology)21.热点话题（Topicalissues)22.历史与地理（Historyand geography)23.社会（Society)文学与艺术（Literatureand art)附录5词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prep abolish vabortion nabout ad & prep above prep, a & ad abroad adabrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute aabsorb vabstract a & n absurd a abundant aabuse vacademic a & n academy n accelerate v accent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy naccurate aaccuse v accustomed aache v & n achieve v achievement nacid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation nadd vaddicted a addition n address n adequate aadjustment n administration n admirable aadmire vadmission nadmit vadolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure nadvertise v advertisement n advice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad, prep & conj afternoon nafterward(s) adagainst prep age nagency n agenda nagent n aggressive a ago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft n airline n airmail n airplane n airport n airspace n alarm n & v album nalcohol n alcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad, a & pron allergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative a although conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am, A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous aambition nambulance n America n among prep amount n & v ample aamuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual a another a & pron answer n & vant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval n approve vapproximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture nArctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose, arisen) v arithmetic narm n & varmchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement narrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad, conj & prep ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & n aside adask vasleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom nattach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n attend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke, awoken) v & aaward naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aB baby nbachelor nback ad, a & nbackground nbackward(s) adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse, worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic abasis nbasket nbasketball nbat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am, is, are, was, were, being, been) v beach nbean nbean curd nbear 1nbear 2vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat, beaten) v & nbeautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became, become) vbed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeer nbefore prep, ad & conj beg vbegin(began, begun) v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent, bent) v beneath prepbeneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prepbesides prep & adbetray vbetween prepbeyond prepbicycle nbid v & nbike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography nbiology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace nbiscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit, bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard nblame n & vblank n & ablanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew, blown) v blue n & aboard n & vbody nboil vbomb n & v bond n & v bone nbonus nbook n & v boom n & v boot nbooth n border n bored a boring aborn a borrow v boss n botanical a botany nboth a & pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke, broken) v & nbreakfast nbreakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought, brought) vbroad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed, -ed) v brochure nbroken abrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built, built) vbuilding nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt, burnt或-ed, -ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/women) n busy abut conj & prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought, bought) vby prepC cab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & vcampaign ncan 1(could);can’t=cannot modal vcan 2ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless acarpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & vcassette ncast(cast, cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught, caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk nceiling ncelebrate vcelebration ncell ncent ncentigrade acentimetre(Am centimeter) ncentral acentre(Am center) ncentury nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge nchallenging achampion nchance nchange n & vchangeable achannel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a & n charge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & n chemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose, chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate v circumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization nclap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify vclassmate nclassroom nclaw nclay nclean v & acleaner nclear aclerk n clever aclick v climate n climb vclinic n clock nclone vclose a & ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy aclub n clumsy a coach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa n coffee ncoin n coincidence n coke ncold a & n collar n colleague n collect vcollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came, come) v comedy ncomfort ncomfortable a command n & v comment ncommercial acommit vcommitment n committee ncommon a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion ncompany ncompare vcompass ncompensate vcompete vcompetence n competition n complete a & vcomponent n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus nconservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content 1n content 2a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience nconventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n & vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & v cosy(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourtyard ncousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & ncrayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcreature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & vcrossing ncrossroads ncrowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & vcurrency ncurriculum ncurtain ncushion ncustom ncustomer ncustoms ncut(cut, cut) v & ncycle vcyclist nD dad=daddy ndaily a, ad & ndam ndamage n & vdamp a & ndance n & vdanger ndangerous adare v & modal vdark a & ndarkness ndash v & ndata ndatabase ndate n & vdaughter ndawn nday ndead adeadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & vdebt ndecade ndecide vdecision ndeclare vdecline vdecorate v decoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v & ndeserve vdesign v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert ndestination ndestroy vdetective n determine vdevelop v development ndevote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond ndiary ndictation n dictionary n die vdiet ndiffer v difference n different a difficult a difficulty n dig(dug, dug) v digest vdigital a dignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip vdiploma ndirect a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement ndisappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing a dive vdiverse adivide v division n divorce vdizzy ado(did, done) vdoctor ndocument ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) ndot ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown prep & addownload n & vdownstairs addowntown ad, n & adozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew, drawn) vdrawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt, dreamt或-ed, -ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank, drunk) vdrive(drove, driven) vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk ndynamic adynasty nE each a & proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a, ad & nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate, eaten) v ecology nedge nedition neditor neducate v education n educator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a, conj & ad elder nelect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant aelephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor nemploy vempty aencourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy nenergetic a energy nengine nengineer nenjoy venjoyable a enlarge venough pron, a &ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire aentrance nentry nenvelope n environment n envy v & nequal a & v equality nequip v equipment neraser nerror nerupt vescape n & v especially ad essay nEurope n European a & n evaluate veven adevening nevent neventually adever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident a evolution nexact aexam=examination n examine v example n excellent a except prep exchange n & v excite vexercise n & vexhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect vexpectation nexpense nexpensive aexperience nexperiment nexpert nexplain vexplanation nexplicit aexplode vexplore vexport n & vexpose vexpress v & nexpression nextension nextra aextraordinary aextreme aeye neyesight nFfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair 1afair 2nfaith nfall 1(fell, fallen) vfall 2(Am)=autumn nfalse afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n, v & afantastic afantasy nfar(farther, farthest或further, furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) nfavourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed, fed) vfeel(felt, felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron & afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought, fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found, found) v。

2016text1英语二

2016text1英语二How can we effectively communicate in a globalized world?In today’s globalized world, effective communication plays a vital role in building and sustaining relationships across cultures. With advancements in technology and increasing interconnectedness, individuals and businesses have more opportunities than ever before to connect with people from different backgrounds, languages, and cultures. However, effective communication can be a challenging task due to language barriers, cultural differences, and varying communication styles. To navigate these challenges, there are several steps that can be taken to enhance communication in a globalized world.The first step in effective communication is understanding and appreciating cultural differences. Different cultures have unique communication styles, norms, and values. By recognizing and respecting these differences, individuals can avoid misunderstandings and engage in more meaningful interactions. It is important to be open-minded and willing to learn about other cultures, their customs, and beliefs. This can be achieved through researching and studying different cultures or by engaging inintercultural experiences, such as traveling or participating in cultural exchange programs.The second step is to develop strong language skills. Language is a powerful tool for effective communication. In a globalized world, English has become the lingua franca and is widely used for international communication. However, it is beneficial to learn and understand other languages as well. Learning a foreign language not only enables better communication, but it also demonstrates respect for other cultures and enhances cultural understanding. This step can be achieved through language classes, language exchange programs, or even online language learning platforms.The third step in effective communication is active listening. Listening is a fundamental aspect of effective communication, but it can be easily overlooked or undervalued. Active listening involves giving undivided attention to the speaker, focusing on the message being communicated, and seeking clarification if needed. In a globalized world, active listening becomes even more important as individuals need to tune in to nuances in language, tone, and non-verbal cues. By being an active listener, misunderstandings can be minimized, and communication can bemore accurate and effective.The fourth step is utilizing technology and digital communication tools. Technology has revolutionized communication, making it easier and faster to connect with others across the globe. Various digital tools, such as email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and social media platforms, enable real-time communication regardless of geographical distances. These tools allow for quicker exchange of ideas, sharing of information, and collaboration. However, it is important to adapt communication styles depending on the platform being used to ensure effective communication.The final step in effective communication is adapting to diverse communication styles. Different cultures have distinct communication styles, which may involve direct or indirect communication, high or low context communication, and varying levels of formality. Understanding and adapting to these different styles is crucial for successful cross-cultural communication. Flexibility in communication approach demonstrates respect and enables effective exchange of ideas and information.In conclusion, effective communication in a globalized world requires understanding and appreciating cultural differences, developing strong language skills, active listening, utilizing technology, and adapting to diverse communication styles. By taking these steps, individuals and businesses can bridge the gap between cultures, facilitate successful collaborations, and foster stronger relationships in our interconnected world. Communication is the key to embracing diversity, promoting inclusivity, and achieving mutual understanding and respect.。

英语一2016年第三篇

英语一2016年第三篇The 2016 English exam, or 英语一2016年, is asignificant test for students in China, as it is a key component of the national college entrance examination.This exam is crucial for students as it has a direct impact on their future academic and career prospects. The exam consists of multiple sections, including listening, reading, and writing, and it is designed to assess students' proficiency in the English language. However, the 2016 exam has been a topic of controversy and debate among students, parents, and educators due to its difficulty level and the impact it has on students' lives.From the perspective of students, the 2016 English exam was a daunting and challenging experience. Many students found the exam to be extremely difficult, with some even describing it as "unfair" and "overwhelming." The reading and writing sections, in particular, were noted to be exceptionally tough, requiring a high level of language proficiency and critical thinking skills. As a result, manystudents felt immense pressure and anxiety during the exam, as they knew that their performance would significantly impact their future academic and career opportunities.In addition to the exam's difficulty, students also faced intense competition and high expectations from their families and society. The pressure to excel in the exam was immense, as success in the national college entrance examination is often equated with future success in life. As a result, many students dedicated countless hours to studying and preparing for the exam, sacrificing their personal time and well-being in the process. The high stakes of the exam, coupled with the intense competition, created a highly stressful and demanding environment for students.From the perspective of parents, the 2016 English exam posed a significant source of concern and worry. Many parents were deeply invested in their children's academic success and saw the exam as a pivotal moment in their children's lives. As a result, parents often placed immense pressure on their children to perform well in the exam,sometimes resorting to strict study schedules and high expectations. The fear of their children not meeting their expectations and the potential impact on their future weighed heavily on the minds of many parents, adding to the overall stress and anxiety surrounding the exam.Educators and experts also weighed in on the 2016 English exam, expressing their own perspectives and concerns. Some educators criticized the exam for being overly challenging and not fully reflective of students' true language abilities. They argued that the exam placed too much emphasis on memorization and rote learning, rather than fostering genuine language skills and communication abilities. Additionally, experts raised concerns about the impact of such high-stakes exams on students' mental health and well-being, highlighting the need for a more holistic and balanced approach to education and assessment.Overall, the 2016 English exam was a source of immense stress and pressure for students, parents, and educators alike. The exam's difficulty, high stakes, and intense competition created a challenging and demanding environmentfor all involved. Moving forward, it is crucial for stakeholders to consider the impact of such exams on students' well-being and to strive for a more balanced and supportive approach to education and assessment.。

2016考研英语作文：提纲图表式范文(2)

2016考研英语作文：提纲图表式范文（2）Outline:1. Interpret the graph above.2. Give possible reasons for the change in the number of film-goers and TV-watchers.3. Predict future prospect.最近对某市看电影者和看电视者的一次调查分析了二者人数的变化。

曲线图表明，1992年到2002年期间看电影的人数以急趋下降，2002年总计为2万人。

而看电视的人数在过去的10年中持续上升，2002年达到15万。

最后，有趣的是，1998年电影观众和电视观众数量相等。

我想，这种变化可能有两点原因。

首先，电视不仅是一种方便的消遣形式，而且相对来说价钱便宜。

看电视不必安排交通工具。

人们也不须支付电影院昂贵的座位费。

第二，电视可以使人及时了解当前大事和科技的最新发展。

因此，许多人宁愿呆在家里看电视，而不愿出去看电影，因为看电影既费时又费钱。

依我看，到现在仍有许多人爱看电影。

他们声称，电影是一种令人心旷神怡的艺术形式。

舒服地坐在电影院里，人们可以欣赏到最新的影片，而这些影片通常要过很长时间才会在电视上播放。

因此，我认为电影观众的人数将来会增加。

A recent survey analyzed the change in number of film-goers and TV watchers in X city. As is shown by the graph, there has been a sharp decline in the number of film-goers during the period from 1992 to 2002, adding up to 20,000 in 2002. On the other hand, the number of TV watchers has steadily increase in the last decade, reaching 150,000 in 2002. Finally, it is interesting to note that there were as many film-goers as TV watchers in year 1998.There might be two reason, I think, for the change. Firstly, TV is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but a comparatively cheap one. There is no point in arranging transport. And one needn’t pay for expensive seats at the cinema. Secondly, TV makes it possible for one tokeep track of current events and the latest developments in science and technology. As a consequence, most people prefer to stay at home, watching TV, rather than go out to the cinema, which wastes both time and money.Personally, there are still a lot of people who enjoy watching films. They argue that the film is a fascinating form of art. Sitting comfortably in the cinema, one can appreciate the latest movies, which will usually be shown on TV far later on. Therefore, I trust the number of film-goers will be on the rise in the future. (233 words)。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

2016考研英语大纲原文
I. 考试性质
英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标
考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：
(一) 语言知识
1. 语法知识
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

2. 词汇
考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

(二) 语言技能*
1. 阅读
考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：
1) 理解主旨要义;
2) 理解文中的具体信息;
3) 理解文中的概念性含义;
4) 进行有关的判断、推理和引申;
5) 根据上下文推测生词的词义;
6) 理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;
7) 理解作者的意图、观点或态度;
8) 区分论点和依据。

2. 写作
考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。

写作时，考生应能：
1) 做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当;
2) 遵循文章的特定文体格式;
3) 合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯;
4) 根据写作目的和特定作者，恰当选用语域。

Ⅲ. 考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构
(一)考试形式
考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。

考生应将1~45题的答案按要求涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，将46~52题的答案书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

(二)考试内容
试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。

第一部分英语知识运用
该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。

共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

第二部分阅读理解
该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。

共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

A节(20小题)：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。

要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1 600词)文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。

B节(5小题)：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。

本部分有3种备选题型。

每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。

备选题型有：
1)本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。

要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。

2)在一篇长度为500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。

要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。

3)在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。

这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。

要求考生根据文章内容，从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。

C节(5小题)*：主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。

要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个画线部分(约150词)译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

第三部分写作
该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。

共30分。

A节：考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。

共10分。

B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160~200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。

提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。

共20分。

(三)试卷结构。

2016考研英语大纲原文

2016考研英语作文大纲

2016 考研英语阅读真题Text 3(英语一)

2016年考研英语二真题原文及答案解析

上海市2016年硕士研究生入学单独考试英语考试大纲.doc

206考研英语大纲原文

上海市2016年硕士研究生入学单独考试英语考试大纲.doc

2016 考研英语阅读真题Text 4(英语二)

2016考研英语一大纲完整版

2016考研英语一text

2016 考研英语阅读真题Text 1(英语二)

2016考研英语一真题原文及答案（完整文字版）解析

2016大纲样题英语

2016考研英语一真题原文及答案(完整文字版)解析

2016考研英语真题

2016考研英语新大纲附录2

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲 英语

2016text1英语二

英语一2016年第三篇

2016考研英语作文：提纲图表式范文(2)

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语