河南省2018年中考英语总复习第2部分语法突破专题5介词和介词短语精讲课件
2018年中考英语总复习(河南)课件+考点跟踪突破题型四 词语运用
题型四词语运用,考向导航)分析并研究河南近五年中招真题可知，词语运用题型的命题特点：1.文体上以记叙文为主，说明文次之(2015—2016)；2.话题上以各种故事居多(人物故事、校园故事、幽默趣味故事)，偶尔涉及社会热点现象；3.考查方式均是12选10，所给词基本包含各类词性，所填写的词会涉及4—5个需要变形；4.考点主要集中在名词、动词、形容词、代词、介词和非谓语动词上；5.连词、副词和被动语态的语法考查点属于重点部分，复习时应有所侧重。
,解题技巧)1. 答题前快速浏览文章，获取文章大意，对文章话题背景及语言环境做到心中有数，并对方框中所给词进行词性判定；2．正确理解空格所在的句子，缩小选词范围并根据语法或结合语境来确定空格处所填词的词性或词性变化，另外还应注意固定搭配的隐藏呈现。
语法角度可重点从下面几个方面考虑：(1)名词一般应考虑名词的单、复数形式和所有格形式，特别要注意名词变复数的一些特例情形。
(2)形容词或副词这两类词学生极易混淆，做题时应仔细分析，慎重选择究竟用哪类词，有时还要考虑到形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的变换。
(3)动词首先应考虑动词的语态(主动语态和被动语态)和时态(初中阶段常见的八种时态)。
动词的变化形式较为复杂，一般有五种，即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
其次要重视动词固定搭配及动名词的用法，这也是在考题中经常涉及的考点。
(4)数词根据具体语境确定用基数词还是序数词，特别要注意某些序数词的正确拼写。
(5)代词主要从人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词)和反身代词(与动作发出者保持人称的一致性)等几个方面考虑，有时还要考虑用单数还是用复数。
少量题目涉及不定代词的转换，也应引起重视。
【即时自测】Passage 1 (2017，河南)I so know nervous Jimmy buthappy with answer understand look muchNineyearold Jimmy was given a task in school to write a story on “My family's ancestors(祖先)”. The purpose was for the kids to 1.________ their family history.In search of some 2.________ for his task, Jimmy interviewed his grandmother who of course 3.________ nothing about the reason why Jimmy asked such questions.When she was asked, “Granny, where did I come from？”his grandma was quite 4.________．Why didn't he ask his parents? She had to be quite careful when talking5．________ a kid about such a subject. She wanted to buy some time，6.________ she replied，“Well, sweetie, the stork(鹳鸟) brought you.” She said no 7.________，hoping that the subject would be dropped until Jimmy's parents came back.“So, where did Mom come from？”“The stork brought her also.”“Well, then where did you come from？”“The stork brought 8.________ too, sweetie.”“All right, thanks, Granny.”9．________ grandmother did not think anything more about his questions. Three days later, when she was tidying up and 10.________ at Jimmy's desk, she read the first sentence of his paper，“For three generations (辈) there have been no natural births in our family.”Passage 2 (2017，江西改编)without protect goal harmful make warnrelax quick nervous when prevent dangerWhen people hear the word stress, they usually think of something bad. However，stress can have several benefits(益处)for the body and mind. To begin with, people may feel stressed 1.________________ there is something important to do. For example, some students are stressed before a big test. The stress might make them feel 2.________________，but it also makes them focused. This type of stress can help people work efficiently(高效地)to meet their 3.________________．Another way stress benefits us is by keeping us healthy. Scientists who study stress learnt a little stress can 4.________________ the immune system(免疫系统)stronger. When your body learns to respond(反应)to some stress，it's able to 5.________________ you better from illness.The final way that stress benefits us is by helping us respond to 6.________________．If you see a car coming around the corner too fast，you might experience stress.This stress sends a message 7.________________ your brain of danger，allowing your body to respond8.________________．You may not be able to jump out of the car's way soon enough9.________________ the stress.Of course, too much stress is 10.________________to our bodies and minds. But the right amount of stress makes us more efficient, healthier and safer.Passage 3 (2016，山西)I make teach after large controltry leaf small quiet before withoutAs a child, I got angry quite easily and was not good at communicating with others.I still remember it was an early autumn. Some 1.________ started to turn yellow and the weather became cool. One day, as I was getting ready for school, my mother carelessly handed me my father's vest(背心)instead of 2.________. At that time, I was getting to have a 3.________ size than my father, so when I put on the vest, I felt as if I wasn't able to breathe! I realized that it was a small mistake which 4.________ by my mother, but somehow the breathless feeling was so strong that it made me very angry. My mother said sorry with a smile, but I shouted at her 5.________ thinking much, I got it off my body so wildly that I made a holein it. I put on my own vest and rushed out of the house 6.________ my mother could stop me.Later, my mother shared her bad feelings with my father, “See what your son has done.”Instead of saying he would scold(责备) or beat me, my father 7.________ asked my mother to mend the vest.Later when my mother told me about my father's response, I felt ashamed(惭愧的) of my bad behavior. My father's gentle kindness 8.________ me a lesson which I would never forget.On that day, I decided not to let anger 9.________ me any longer. Of course, there are times when I am angry. However, whenever that happens, I 10.________ to remember my father's vest. It always reminds me to think about others' feelings when I get angry.【即时自测】参考答案Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇幽默故事类的记叙文。
中考英语第二篇语法专题突破专题五介词及介词短语练本课件ppt
—Yes.I have visited it many times ________ 2009.
19.(2019·温州)Qomolangma，the world's highest mountain, is about 8，848
metres __a_b_o_v_e__ sea level.
20.More and more young people go skaatting ________ winter.
about the position in your school. —Yes，the position is still open.You could come over and have a talk
________ us.
A.with
B.about
C.through
D.away
B
( )4.(2020·哈尔滨)—When is your birthday，Sally?
16.(2020·甘孜改编)Helen's mother always goes shoppionng ________ Friday
afternoons.
without
17.(2020·天水改编)Man can't live ________ water.
18.(2019·苏州)—Have you eversibneceen to the Summer Palace?
C.In the same way D.In general
D
(
)8.(2020·镇 江 )China sent up the final satellite of Beidou
Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统) from Xichang Satellite
2018年中考英语总复习(河南)课件+考点跟踪突破专题三 介词
12
◆ 方位介词in front of, in the front of
介词
含义
差异
反义词
in front of
意为“在……的前面”
强调某物体外部的 前面
behind
in the front 强调某物体内部的 意为“在……的前部” of 前面
at the back of
13
◆ 方位介词 to, for, towards, into, onto
介词
用法 意为“在……边上”，比near更近一 些 意为“在……旁边”
示例
by
Mrs. Wang stands by the door.
at
Don't put the chair at the table.
beside
意为“在……旁边”，相当于next to
Put your pencil box beside your books.
英语
河南专用
专题三 介词
1
知识网络清单
地点（方位）介词 介词的分类方式介词 其他介词 介词 介词＋名词 be＋形容词＋介词 介词短语 动词＋介词 介词＋名词＋介词
时间介词
2
命题方式
河南2013－2017中招考情分析与备考指向
3
4
5
6
通过对河南近五年中招真题的分析可知， 介词的考查方式主要体
现在单项选择、完形填空和词语运用上， 考查点主要集中在介词词 义和基本用法上，另外介词与其前面的动词或形容词构成的介词词
组或固定搭配也是考查的一个重要方向。预计2018年对介词的考查
仍会沿用以往的形式，以介词的基本用法和介词搭配为主。
《精品课件》河南省中考英语第二部分语法专题研究专题五介词
形式
来完成。
in
表示用某种材料以及 语言、声音等，名词 前不加冠词
He’ll make the
speech in English. 他将做一个英语 演讲。
介词
用法
举例
“以……方式”， They talked on the
on 用于手段、通讯 phone.他们在电话上
方式等
交谈。
with
“用，以，借助 于”，其后常接 具体的工具
at first起初
2. since与for
介词
用法
自……以后，自…… 以来。表示从过去某 since 时直至现在，主句常 用现在完成时或过去 完成时
表示动作的延续，主 句常用现在完成时、 for 过去完成时或一般过 去时
举例
I have studied in the school since six years ago. 从6年前我就在这所学校 读书了。
in the future在将来；in the end最 固定短语中 后；in class在课堂上；in the last
year去年；in a minute立刻，马上
介词
用法
举例
on Mondays/weekdays在星期一/
on
表或下示某午具日、体的晚上某上午日、工 在 在 在作 周 九 一日 六 月 个； 早 一 寒上 号 冷on； ； 的S早ooanntu晨Sared；cpoatlyoednmmmNbooaerrrtnnii1onisnngtagl
（2）表示位置关系的介词在单项选择和词语 运用中均有涉及，话题涉及日常生活、生活 哲理；（3）方式介词考查较少，在单项选择 和词语运用中考查；
（4）固定搭配考查较少，是一个轮考点，主 要在完形填空和词语运用中涉及。近几年没 有涉及对时间介词及介词短语的考查，但在 2009年和2008年均涉及时间介词，且在单项 选择中考查；此外介词短语在2009年考查了 一次。由此可见，掌握介词的各种用法很有 必要。
2018年中考英语总复习(河南)课件+考点跟踪突破专题五 代词
12
3) Our Chinese teacher calls on us to do some reading after class. Reading more C helps ________ learn better.
A. we B. our C. us D. ours
one
that
27
② 指示代词it的特殊用法 ※ 用来代替上文中提到的特定事物 ，可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词 。如： My father bought a new handbag for my mother.And my mother likes it very much. ※ 为了保持句子平衡，可用it来代替动词不定式，在句中作形式主语或形式 宾语。如： It's cool to drink a bottle of cold water after running in summer. (作形式主语) I found it not easy to finish the task in a week. (作形式宾语)
A. him
B. his
C. he
D. himself
C in playing computer games. It takes too much time 2) Tom, don't lose________ of________ and is bad for your eyes.
A. yourself; your B. himself; yours
8
物主代词两类型， 形容词性和名词性 形容词性作定语，后面定把名词加 名词性独立用，主表宾语它都行 2. 反身代词 反身代词一般用于主语和宾语是同一个人的情况下，用以强调某人自己。在 试卷中主要考查反身代词与其他词连用构成的固定搭配。如下所列： enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 hurt oneself 伤着自己 teach oneself＝learn...by oneself 自学
2018年中考英语总复习(河南)课件+考点跟踪突破题型二 完形填空
题型二完形填空,考向导航)分析并研究河南近五年中招真题可知，完形填空的文体均为记叙文，以简短小故事为主(叙事特点显著)，从2016年开始将原先的15道小题缩减至10道小题，一定程度上降低了考查难度。
设题特点在于首句一般不设空，且基本上一句一空，必考点集中于动词(3个左右)、名词(2个左右)及形容词辨析；从属连词、副词辨析属于高频考点；介词辨析及疑问词属于重点考查内容。
,解题技法)1．浏览全文，了解大意。
完形填空题是一篇意思完整的短文，准确理解短文是解答此类题的关键。
在做此类题时，要跳过空格，将全文快速浏览一遍，对文章内容有一个大概的了解。
在阅读时，我们不需要看到全部的信息，根据部分信息就可以了解大意。
千万不要读一句填一句，因为完形填空题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后在语法上都成立，但从全文看却并非正确答案。
2．瞻前顾后，初选答案。
了解文章大意后便要开始填入所缺部分。
在选择答案时，一定要考虑到上下文的逻辑关系，前后对照，从上下文找出关键性启示。
同时兼顾句子的结构、习惯用法、固定搭配和词类的功能。
先选出比较容易的答案，遇到较难的题，可以跳过此题，继续做后面的题，完形填空题文章前后、上下多有暗示和线索提示。
3．逐句细读，逐题分析。
初读初选后，还有一些题目没有思路，此时就要逐句细读，逐题分析选项，对上一步骤未确定的个别试题多方推敲，合理推理，多角度考虑，选择答案。
4．复读全文，再次斟酌。
初定选项后，很重要的一步就是要将整篇文章复读一遍，对答案进行核实调整，清除疏漏。
再次迅速复读，对短文的理解会更为深刻，更容易判断有疑点或误解的地方，因此这个步骤尤为重要。
,真题剖析)(2017，河南)A giant panda ran away from the zoo in London. He walked and walked and became__1__. He walked into a restaurant, where he found a__2__ at an empty table. The waiter took the panda's order.After he__3__ his dinner, the panda stood up, calmly pulled out a gun which he had hidden, and fired into the air.__4__ he turned around and walked toward the door.Naturally, the waiter was horrified(恐惧的), but he tried hard to pull himself together and stopped him for a(n)__5__．The panda said to him, “What do I look like to__6__？”The waiter answered, “Well, a giant panda, of course.”“That's right，”said the panda. “Look it up.”And he walked out.The waiter called the__7__. When they arrived the waiter told them the whole story，__8__ the panda's words “looking it up”. So the police officer__9__ a young man out to get an encyclopedia(百科全书)．The young man returned with the encyclopedia. The officer__10__“panda” and there was the answer，“Giant panda, lives in China, eats shoots (竹笋) and leaves.”1. A. tired B. angry C. crazy D. hungry2. A. seat B. note C. waiter D. newspaper3. A. ordered B. finished C. served D. cooked4. A. So B. Once C. Then D. Also5. A. talk B. excuseC. questionD. explanation6. A. us B. him C. you D. them7. A. bosses B. policeC. neighborsD. customers8. A. about B. like C. without D. including9. A. sent B. took C. drove D. invited10. A. turned to B. asked forC. looked upD. called on主旨大意：文章讲述了一只从伦敦一个动物园逃跑的大熊猫去一家饭店吃了饭没付钱就走，并拿枪在空中打了一枪，服务员向他讨要一个解释，大熊猫反问服务员自己看起来像什么，服务员回答说是只熊猫，这只大熊猫回答“没错”，并叫他去查阅资料。
河南省中考英语复习语法专题过关专题五介词课件
考点帮
考点1 介词的基本用法 考点2 常见的含有介词的固定搭配 考点3 常见易混介词（词组）辨析
考点帮
考点1 考点2 考点3
介词的基本用法
根据《2018河南省初中学业水平考试说明与检测》考纲词汇表中介词出现 的先后顺序(A~Z)整理
介词
含义及用法
about 关于;对于
above
在……上方(不接 触,不一定垂直) (海拔、温度、分 数等)高于;超出 从一边到另一边; 横过
考点帮
考点1 考点2 考点3
介词的基本用法
经过(……的旁边) The boys ran past me.那些男孩们从我身边跑 过去。 half past ten十点半She is past sixty.她60多岁 了。
续表
介词 along
含义及用法
示例 walk along the street沿着街道走 among the teenagers在青少年之中 look around环顾四周 as a student作为一名学生 as...as...像……一样…… at school在学校 at three o'clock在两点钟 at the age of在……岁时 at first起初 look at看 at the speed of...以……速度 She was so mad at me.她对我极其恼火。 laugh at嘲笑be good at...擅长……
(表示时间)在 the day before yesterday前天 before
……之前 在……面前/ 前面 before 7:00 pm在晚上七点之前 She is standing before me.她正站在我面前。 He puts his work before everything.他一切以 工作为重。
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语
2018 河 南
专题五 介词和介词短语 (必考点： 2～3分，单选、 完形、词语运用)
CONTE NTS
目 录
中考解 读 考点精 讲 试题精 练
中考解 读
考点 年份 题型
河南省近五年中考统计 高频考点 2017 2016 26 题 / / 2015 2014 2013
介词词 单项选择 27 题 义辨析 完形填空 43 题 词语运 用 / 74 题
(3) before “在……之前”， 后常接时间点。I'll go to Australia before Sunday. 我将于周日前去澳大利亚。 (4) after“在……以后”。接时间段时，常用过去时；接时间点时， 常用将来时。 ①They finished the work after two months. 他们两个月后完成了这个 工作。 ②I'll call you after two o'clock. 我将在 2 点后给你打电话。
2. since, for 和 from (1) since 意为“自从；自……以后”，后接过去的某一时间点，常与 现在完成时连用。I have lived here since ten years ago. 我已经在这里住了 十年了。
注意：since 可作连词，引导时间状语从句。 Great changes have taken place here since he left. 自从他离开以后，这 里发生了巨大的变化。
1. —When did Mr. Green arrive in London?
C — He arrived there _______the evening of December 6th.
A. at C. on A. for C. in B. in D. to B. at D. after
C 2. They will have a maths test _______two days..
注意：to 还可表示“到；往(地点或方向)”。He was on the way to the station.他在去车站的路上。
2. in front of, in the front of 和 in front【详见第 1 部分教材梳理七 (下)Units 5～8 P25】 3. by, beside 和 near (1) by“在……旁边”， 较 near 更近。My house is by the river. 我的 家在河边。 (2) beside“近旁；紧靠”， 相当于 next to。Come and sit beside me. 来坐在我的身旁。 (3) near“在……附近”， 可表示空间、时间关系等。She sits near the window. 她坐在窗户附近。
考点精 讲
考点
时间介词(★☆☆)
1. at, on 和 in (1) at 常用在具体的时刻之前或某些固定短语中。at five o'clock, at night, at noon, at present。 (2) on 常用在具体的某一天及特指某天的上午、下午、晚上前。on Sunday, on the morning of August 8th, on a cold night。
(3) in 常用在年、月、季节或泛指上午、下午、晚上和一段时间之前。 in 2018, in September, in summer, in the morning/afternoon/evening, in two weeks。 还可表示“在……时间之后”， 常用于将来时。in three days，in a week。
①Shanghai lies in the east of China and Japan lies to the east of China. 上海位于中国东部，日本位于中国东边。 ②Henan Province is on the south of Hebei Province. 河南南邻河 北。
考点
方位介词(★★☆)
1. above, over, on 和 below, under 【详见第 1 部分教材梳理九(全)Units 11～12 P91】 2. in, on 和 to (1) in, on, to 均可表示方位，但三者又有区别：in 表示在某一范围之 内的某方位(属于该范围)，on 表示与某地是毗邻关系，to 表示在某一范 围之外的某方位(不属于该范围)。
28 题 23 题 29 题 / / / 42 题 / ★★★
河南省近五年中考统计 考点 年份 介词短 语 词语运 用 完形填空 题型 高频考点 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
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★☆☆
从近 5 年的河南真题来看，介词的命题特点有： 必考点：介词词义辨析主要在单项选择和词语运用中考查。 高频考点：介词短语主要在完形填空和词语运用中考查。
(5) till/until“到……为止；直至”， 后跟连续一段时间的终点。 not...until...“直到……才……”， 引导时间状语从句，谓语动词用短暂 性动词。 ①We had better stay here till/until next week. 我们最好在这里待到下 周。 ②I didn't go to bed until twelve last night. 昨晚直到 12 点我才睡觉。
3．其他时间介词 (1) during＋时间段，表示“在……期间”， 与延续性动词连用。 He lives with us during these years. 这些年他和我们住在一起。 (2) by＋时间点，表示“在……之前；不迟于……”， 后跟将来的 时间点，应用一般将来时；后跟过去的时间点应用过去完成时。 We will learn 1000 English words by the end of this term. 到这学期期 末我们将学习一千个英语单词。
(2) for 后跟一段时间，表示“(延续)……之久”。 Mr. Smith has lived in Guangzhou for two years. 史密斯先生已经在 广州住两年了。 (3) from 表示时间的开始，“从”。from...to...“从……到……”。 I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我从周一到周五上学。