1#壁后壁间注浆方案及措施

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高级英语Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille

conflict/struggle:
•
people --- people
people --- nature
people --- society
people --- themselves
protagonist (hero) --- antagonist (enemy)
John Koshak, Jr.--- the hurricane
• apartment building in Mississippi before and after Camille
What’s the type of the text?
• narration (the telling of a story)
• characters (people): --Pop Koshak --Grandma Koshak --John Koshak --Janis Koshak --Seven children --Charles, a friend --neighbors --pets
What is the story about?
• It describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane Camille.
• What does the writer focus chiefly on---developing character, action (plot), or idea (theme)?
• To learn how the writer gives a vivid description of actions in terms of lexical, sentential and textual level;

新目标大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案

Unit 1 College LifeText ALanguage in Use4.1) overlooking 2) overwhelming 3) enroll 4) keen 5) blend6) inspiration 7) frequented 8) diversity 9) passion10) incredible5.1) The Sept. 4 game between the Seahawks and the Packers kicked off this year’s football season.2) A big part of a woman’s diet should consist of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, high-fiber foods, and oily fish.3) Eleanor Roosevelt, who was a shy young girl, was terrified at the thought of speaking in public.4) Senior citizens, military veterans and businessmen make up the group of people requesting for government information in the United States.5) The schedule will make you aware of how you spend your time.6.reach a decision (达成决定) shape one’s life (塑造生活)analyze a problem (分析问题) approvea decision (通过决定)improve one’s life (改善生活) solve a problem (解决问题)1) making 2) reach 3) changed 4) shape5) enjoy 6) solve 7) analyze 8) encounter7.1) dishonest 2) illegal 3) substandard 4) irregular 5) unlock 6) incorrect 7) outnumber 8) supermarket 9) Undergraduate 10) overestimate8.1) 学习小组合作学习对应对哈佛繁重的学习任务起着重要的作用。

一如既往一的意思

一如既往一的意思“一如既往”这个词里的“一”，意思是“完全”“始终”“一直”的意思呀。

就是说某种状态、行为或者情况从过去到现在一直保持着，没有发生改变，就像一条直线似的，直直地延续下来啦。

衍生注释：“一”在这里作为副词，起到了强调的作用，强调了那种从头到尾的连贯性和一致性。

它不是指单纯的数字一哦，而是带有一种始终如一、不间断的意味。

比如说“一如既往地努力”，就是说从始至终都保持着努力的状态，没有松懈过呢。

在很多类似的词语里，“一”都有这种表示持续、连贯的意思呢。

像“一以贯之”，也是说用一种思想、原则等贯穿始终呀，这个“一”同样是强调从头到尾不变的那个劲儿。

赏析：“一如既往”这个词因为有了这个“一”，才让整个词充满了一种坚定和执着的感觉呢。

它能很形象地表达出一个人或者一件事在时间的长河里，始终保持着某种特质或者做法，给人一种靠谱、稳定的印象。

就好比一棵大树，不管风吹雨打，始终“一如既往”地扎根在那里，稳稳当当的，让人看着就觉得安心呀。

这种始终如一的感觉，在生活中可是很珍贵的呢，无论是对待友情、爱情还是工作等方面，能做到一如既往，那可都是值得点赞的哟。

作者介绍：“一如既往”其实是个常用的成语啦，它并不是某一个特定作者单独创作出来的哦。

它是在咱们汉语的长期发展过程中，经过人们不断地使用和沉淀，逐渐形成的一个固定的表达方式，用来准确地传达那种始终保持不变的意思呢。

以下是五个运用片段：例子1：我和我那好哥们儿的友情呀，那可真是一如既往地深厚呢。

从小学认识到现在，都多少年啦，我俩还是跟以前一样铁。

每次我有啥烦心事，第一个想到的就是找他倾诉。

就说上次我在工作上出了点岔子，心里别提多郁闷啦。

我给他打电话，他一听就说：“嘿，怕啥呀，兄弟我在呢！”然后就跑来陪我，给我出主意，就跟小时候我被欺负了他来帮我出头一样。

咱这感情，就像那老房子的地基，稳稳当当的，不管过了多久，都是一如既往的好呀，你说是不是很难得？例子2：我奶奶对我那可真是一如既往地疼爱呀。

1的数学符号

1的数学符号
在数学中，“1”通常可以用阿拉伯数字表示，也可以用罗马数字“Ⅰ”表示。

同时，在某些特定的数学领域或公式中，可能会用到其他的符号或表示方式，例如在概率论中可以用字母“p”表示概率等于1的情况。

因此，具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。

在数学中，数字1它有多个释义，以下为其中几个常见的含义：
1. 在集合论中，1表示所有非空有限集合的个数，即第一可数序集的势。

2. 在数学逻辑中，1表示逻辑真值“真”，即所有命题的真实性。

3. 在代数中，1表示乘法单位元，任何数乘以1都等于其本身。

4. 在几何学中，1表示长度、距离等度量单位的基准值。

5. 在概率论中，1表示必然事件发生的概率，即概率为1的事件。

需要注意的是，具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。

因此，对于数字1的数学符号，需要结合具体上下文来理解其含义。

新起点大学英语Unit1-Text A

这份工作非常复杂，我们可以从图纸开始。
Exercises
汉译英：今晚的作业我打算先做英语练习。
Key: Of all the homework tonight, I’m going to start with English exercises.
Reading
BACK
… if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books… 如果你每天看随便哪个大城市的一份日报，那么你每天的阅读量至少相当于四本书。
Reading
BACK
译文
Para. 4
4 你是怎么看报纸的？你只看那些自己感兴趣的东西。你是怎么知道的？因为报纸有不同的版面，如果你对体育感兴趣，你只看体育版；如果你想了解商业信息，你只看商业版。即使这样，你也不会看所有的体育报道或商务文章。报纸的标题突出了文章的要点，这就方便了你的选择。另外，报纸的写作格式也使你很容易了解要点。在每一个标题下面，你通常都会看到综述要点的一段文字。这样，你便可以选择只读综述或通读全文。
Chinese
Reading
4 And how do you read a newspaper? You read only those things you are interested in. And how do you know? Because newspapers are divided into sections, you only read the sports pages if you’re
3 If you answered the first question no, and the second yes, think again, if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books.

SCH英寸对照表(1)

表示英制管壁厚系列：Sch.20----全称：Schedule 20Sch.10s--带s的系列为不锈钢专用，碳钢不用。举个例子：2" sch.10s 表示2”接管的壁厚为2.9mm,材质为不锈钢；2" sch.40 表示2”接管的壁厚为4.0mm。顺便再说一下钢管壁厚的表示方法：钢管壁厚表示方法有管子表号、钢管壁厚尺寸和管子重量三种方法 1）是以管子表号"Sch"表示壁厚。管子表号是管子设计压力与设计温度下材料许用应力的比值乘以1000,并经圆整后的数值。即: Sch＝P/[σ]t×1000 ANSI B36.10壁厚等级：Sch10、Sch20、Sch30、 Sch40、Sch60、Sch80、个等级; ANSI B36.19壁厚等级：Sch5s、Sch10s、Sch40s、Sch80s四个等级; 2）以钢管壁厚尺寸表示中国、ISO、日本部分钢管标准采用 3）是以管子重量表示管壁厚度,它将管子壁厚分为三种： a.标准重量管,以STD表示 b加厚管，以XS表示 c.特厚管，以XXS表示。对于DN≤ 250mn的管子，Sch40相当于STD，DN<200mm的管子,Sch80相当于XS。
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE A B 15 1/2" 20 3/4" 25 1" 32 1.1/4" 40 1.1/2" 50 2" 65 2.1/2" 80 3" 90 3.1/2" 100 4" 125 5" 150 6" 200 8" 250 10" 300 12" 350 14" 400 16" 450 18" 500 20" 550 22" 600 24" 650 26" 700 28" 750 30" 800 32" 850 34" 900 36" 950 38" 1000 40" 1050 42" 1100 44" 1150 46" 1200 48"

一的教案幼儿园

一的教案幼儿园教学目标通过学习本课内容，幼儿应该能够：1.认识数字1；2.能够正确书写数字1；3.了解数字1的基本概念，如1只能用来表示一件事物等。

教学内容知识点1：认识数字1数字1是最基本的数字之一，它代表着具体的一种事物或数量。

在幼儿学习数字的过程中，数字1是最先学习的数字之一。

知识点2：正确书写数字1书写数字1的基本方法是：1.先画一条竖线；2.然后在竖线的上方横着画一条线，这条线可以稍微短一点；3.如果需要书写大写字母“一”，可以在竖线的上面再横着加一条相同长度的线。

知识点3：了解数字1的基本概念数字1只能用来表示一个事物或数量，不能用来表示多个事物或数量。

例如，“我有1个苹果”就是正确的说法，“我有1个苹果S”则是错误的说法。

教学方法方法1：游戏教学法设计一些简单的游戏帮助幼儿们学习数字1的概念。

比如，在幼儿园内摆放一些相同的物品，让幼儿选出只有1个的物品，并用数字1标记。

方法2：互动教学法老师在黑板上写下一些数字1相关的问题，让幼儿们一起思考并回答。

可以让更有自信的幼儿上前回答问题，让整个教学过程更加生动活泼。

方法3：故事教学法编写一些有趣的故事，让故事中的主人公使用数字1。

例如，“小红去菜市场买了1个苹果，1个橘子和1个香蕉，她很开心地回家了”。

教学效果评价通过幼儿们在教学过程中的表现和课后测试的结果来对教学效果进行评价。

例如，通过测试了解幼儿对数字1的认识程度和能否正确书写数字1等。

总结数字是孩子们生活中必须学习的内容，掌握数字1对孩子们的数字学习起到了重要的开端作用，也是幼儿们日后数字计算学习的基础。

因此，以互动教学法为主，创造出生动有趣的教学场景，让幼儿把数字学习看成是一种游戏，既能让幼儿学习数字知识，又能培养幼儿们的自信心和学习兴趣。

高一英语外研版必修一Unit 1 A New Start

Application
Lisa is a .... She told us some important high school hints. First, ... Besides, ... What's more, ... At last, ... What I have learned from her is that ...
Her attitude matters!
Application
Read the text again and retell what Lisa has shared in the interview following the outline below. 1. Introduce who Lisa is. 2. Summarize her suggestions. 3. Tell what you can learn from her.
take a trip with your classmates read as many books as possible
win an award
get to know all the schoolmates in
stand on stage at least once your grade
Presentation
Suppose you are Chairman of the Student Union. Please give a
speech to the new students on their first day at high school. 2. Organise your speech following the steps below. Talk about the problems and give your advice. Tips: You may face many problems in senior high. Firstly,...Secondly,... To solve the problems, I have some suggestions for you. To begin with,...Besides,...

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么脑筋急转弯是一种人为创作的以问答形式出现的极具娱乐性的语言游戏,以其幽默的表现方式,受到大众的广泛欢迎。

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案是什么呢？下面店铺整理的超级有趣脑筋急转弯，希望对大家喜欢。

脑筋急转弯： 1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案：1+1=田(两边的竖、加号十、还有等于号和起来是田)1+1=王(两个一和加号一起加起来是王)1+1=无(一个，又夹走了一个，没了)1+1=丰/卅(中间的加号边长，竖着看是卅，旋转90度就是丰) 超级有趣脑筋急转弯【经典篇】1.女人最不喜欢什么花?——答:没钱花2.小明把自己关在漆黑的房间里，不厌其烦的晾晒自己心爱的宝贝，问小明在干吗?——答:晾晒自己心爱的宝贝3.谁最不喜欢书?——答:赌徒4.什么东西最能让人满足?——答:袜子5.为什么男人总骂女人是祸水最后还是娶女人?——答:没听说过因祸得福么6.什么时候一加五等于十?——答:算盘运算的时候7.什么东西越用越有钱?——答:存钱罐8.世界上谁的头力气最大?——答:男子汉9.神的交通工具是什么?——答:宝贝10.明明一天没有吃东西，为什么我不觉得饿呢?——答:因为我不是“明明”11.什么动物天天熬夜?——答:熊猫12.有一只猪它走啊走啊走到了英国结果它变成了什么?——答:pig13.减肥绝招 (打一神话人物)——答:嫦娥14.传说中第一个嗑药嗑得飘飘欲仙被监禁的人是谁?——答:嫦娥15.为什么结婚之后的生活像潜水?——答:结婚后要忍气吞声了16.那种生活方式容易致癌?——答:宅17.有一艘船限载50人，已载49人，后来又有一孕妇上船，结果船仍沉入了水中，为什么?——答:是艘潜水艇18.一间牢房中关着两个犯人，其中一个因偷窃要关一年，另一个是抢劫杀人犯，却只关两个月，为什么?——答:再过两个月杀人犯就要被枪决了19.一般来说，你是用左手写字还是用右手写字?——答:一般来说是用笔来写字的20.什么东西生的可以吃，熟的可以吃，用刀切不开，洗过之后就没人吃?——答:水!!超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精选篇】1.脸上长什么无药可救?——答:胡子2.小明喜欢运动，有一天他在摄氏38高温大太阳下做很激烈的运动，为什么也居然不会流汗?——答:他在水里游泳3.最多人看不清楚的花是甚麽花呢?——答:眼花4.一个夜黑风高的夜晚，小明遇见一个鬼，为什么那个鬼落荒而逃?——答:因为那是个胆小鬼5.什么东西明明是你的，别人却用的比你多得多?——答:名字6.小明有很厉害的胃病，可他每天总往牙科跑，这是为什么?——答:小明是牙科医生7.一只皮球和一只铁球从高楼上掉下来，谁先落地?——答:铁球8.一只狗总也不洗澡，为什么不生虱子?——答:狗只会生小狗9.后脑勺受伤的人怎样睡觉?——答:闭着眼睛睡觉10.小明在大雨倾盆的旷野中奔跑了十分钟，为什么衣服湿了头发却没湿?——答:小明是个秃头的男人11.世界上有那一种花通常夏天是冰冷的，冬天是温热的?——答:豆腐花12.红螃蟹好吃还是黑螃蟹好吃?——答:红螃蟹，因为黑螃蟹没熟超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精简篇】1. 当今社会，个体户大都靠什么吃饭?【答案：靠嘴巴】2. 纸上写着某一份命令。

商务英语综合教程1课后翻译

Unit one2. (1)Fiat launched a tiny “city car” especially for Europe’s narrow, crowed streets.(2) The rain forest theme products tap into consumer’s interest in the environment.(3) The company might target its efforts on preferred locations like India or Thailand(4) A strong president would further erode the power of the Congress.(5) Most of the measures will be phased out next year.(6) Government securities have traditionally yielded less than stocks.3.(1) on December 8th,2009, president Barack Obama launched a set of proposals to address unemployment and made it clear that he wanted to tap into some of the unspent funds( money set aside to support filing banks) to help pay for them. No precise figure was given. Some 50$ billion will be spent on infrastructure projects. But the effort represents a broad push to support small business.(2) America’s recent recession has hit small business hard. The very small, with fewer than 50 workers---employing almost one-third of working Americans ---have suffered around 45% of the job losses of the downturn.(3) Unfortunately, helping small business has not proved easy. The stimulus package passed last spring offered tax benefits and targeted the flow of credit to small business. The results were disappointing. The main problem with small business is lending. Obama’s recent plan is likely to scratch the surface if he does not tackle credit crunch.Unit two2. (1) Death does not discriminate. It eventually comes to everyone, making no exception for those more or less fortune, or those with good or bad fame.(2) T he 2008 presidential election of American is under the world’s spotlight because of the participation of female and African American candidates for the first time. Though the final outcome is still hard to anticipate, the election itself is changing not only the way American perceive themselves, but also how the rest of the world perceives America.(3) No matter what background or experience he may have, nobody should recoil from pursuing his own dream. Because we are convinced that freedom, equity and the pursuit of happiness are our rights.(4) More and more Chinese brands aspire to go global. This clearly conveys a message: the quality, design and management expertise of Chinese brands are constantly improving.3. V ariety is the spice of life. So, since a man shaves about 20,000 times in a lifetime, the desire for adventure may be the only thing that can drive away boredom. Instead of growing a “glamorous”beard, current styles leave a lot of room for hair experiments. The classic facial hair fashion is designer stubble or “three-day-growth”. The skin can still be seen under the short stubble, lending a manly appearance with relatively little care and expense. The key is to look grooming, not scruffy. However, it does not always make a good impression if you are in daily contact with customers. In contrast, the somewhat more conventional beard style can always win points.Unit three3. (1) Our car wound its way through the mountain. Beautiful scenery was everywhere to be seen on the road; we couldn’t help but be impressed.(2) After elaborate arrangements, Beijing Olympic opening ceremony unfolded s visual banquet to the world.(3) The annual environment conservation campaigns aim to restore the delicate balance between man and nature.(4) The article gives us a real sight into the cause of present food crisis.(5) The moment Wenchuan earthquake was reported, the Red Cross was flooded with calls about donations.(6) The ancient architectures and the modern ones complement each other, adding a special charm to the city.4. The middle class increasingly forgoes bicycles--- the environmentally friendly and energy efficient transport--- in favor of the car. Some four million bikes now compete for road space with more than two million cars. A quick glance at the newly constructed overpasses and ring road has clearly shows which means of transport has been getting priority. Fewer and fewer people are riding bikes because of the inconvenience and the increased dangers that cars bring to the road. However, the improvement in the state economy, the traffic situation and city management does not mean that we should say a final and complete farewell to the bicycle. Some people will still choose this non-polluting, small and green transport tool.Unit four3. (1) “These days I often recall the tough times before, thus I can be cool-headed inthe face of success,” said the founder and CEO of the company.(2)The primary issue in the current situation is to keep the prices steady; otherwise if the market panics, the consequence is beyond imagination.(3) To launch this service in the region will pay off in the long run, though the initial investment is big.(4) To make maximal profits with minimal cost has long been the objective for some companies. Now environment factors make them to rethink about it.(5) The public want to see issues like narrowing the gap between rich and poor and tackling urban housing problems prioritized by the government.(6) Home work burdens greatly restrict children’s opportunities for playing, and do harm to their development.(7) Sex set Hillary apart from all the other candidates for presidency and won her support of many female voters.4. The boom in consumer spending, now in its 12th year, has weathered many shocks that have hit the Us economy, including terrorist attacks, the 2001 recession, and a series of corporate scandals. Resilient household demand has not only sustained domestic growth but has also played a key role in supporting the global economy. Some observers, however, have viewed the surge in consumer spending with apprehension. The personal saving rate has fallen to historic lows, and consumer debt levels have risen. This has led to concern that the rise in private consumption may not be sustainable and that a subsequent weakening could throw the recovery off track. So are US consumers living beyond their means?Unit five2. (1) his speech instilled enthusiasm and confidence into the audience.(2) Intent on her work, Helen ignored the noise outside the room and did not turn to see who was coming in(3) He contended that the main issue was not being addressed.(4) Intimidated, the witness kept his mouth shut for seven years. But now he feels he could no longer turn his eyes away from facts.(5) Mother Theresa remained a woman of great humanity despite all the attention and praise for her work.(6) I wouldn’t underestimate the obstacle if I were you---the situation is more frustrating than you think.3. The Chinese want to do business with individuals---not companies--- socultivating friendships is crucial. Rather than cutting to the chase, the Chinese prefer a courtship filled with get-to-know-you banter and big banquets full of mysterious delicacies. Thus, like other Americans, Deane had to rein in his “get the deal done and move on to the next one” philosophy. And nearly every time he visits his manufacturers in Foshan, they insist on taking him on long drives in the countryside, often recovering ground he’s admired on previous trips. “they want to spend time with you,”Deane explains. “they want to get to know you”.Saxon also says that the Chinese take a long-term view and aren’t risk-takers. The society is less individualistic than America’s, So the Chinese aren’t big on confrontation. He highlights the Chinese belief in the “middle way”, a form of compromise, which means they may insist on working out an agreement rather than taking no for an answer. For an American, this translated into fostering respect, including stifling open criticism.Unit six2(1) Today’s society is full of theories which claim to be authoritative but turn out to be self-contradictory. Instead of being repeatedly tempted to believing them, I would rather keep a sober mind, think independently, and then make my own judgment. (2) Because of his profound insight into the shock of cultural diversity on human mind, he was nominated as candidate for this year’s Nobel Prize for Literature. No matter he is going to win the prize or not, he is already held in high esteem in his home country, and meanwhile plays an important role in the protection of intangible cultural heritage around the world.(3) After long time research, economists discovered that the financial institutes in this country bear a strong relationship with the government. The latter turns out to be the biggest buyer of the country’s financial products.(4) Courtesy is the essence of Chinese food culture. It is estimated that Chinese spend twice or more time on a formal dinner than Europeans.3. One of the greatest things about travelling around the world is all of the wonderful food you get to try. Watch yourself when you start to reach for that food, though, or you just might offend someone. When it comes to table manners, what works in one country doesn’t always go over in another.The United States has its own special dining customs that visitors should know about before sitting down to a meal. For example, when food starts to arrive, you can’t just dig in. it’s considered rude to start eating before everyone at the table hasreceived his or her meal.Once you start to chew down, it’s important to remember to keep yo ur elbows off the table and keep your mouth closed as you chew. One last tip for American dining is never to pick up you bowl or plate as you eat. This is considered rude beyond all belief.If you think Americans are picky about the table manners, think about Taiwan’s (china) customs. The list of rules is equally long. Y ou cannot stick chopsticks upright in your bowl of rice. Furthermore, you should never gesture with your chopsticks. For some visitors, using chopsticks is challenging enough without the rules of what you can and can’t do with themUnit 72.(1)it’s five years since she was lost but she still haunts his dr eams(2).Science empowers man to control natural forces more effectively .(3).Those students implicated in the cheating have been severely punished.(4).The environment is different between the university and the middle school, but the freshmen have adapted themselves to new conditions very soon.(5).The more he thought about it, the more confused he became.3. Recent study shows that the number of courses on ethics in the top 50 business schools have quintupled in the past 20 years . However, only half of these schools take ethic education as one of the requirements for graduation.The incident of group cheating at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business in the US has aroused intense concern among students. Those who were expelled in this case all come from Asia. They have been in the US for less than a year and have little knowledge about the honor code of universities or the judicial procedures in the US. These Asian students admitted the fault but did not lodge a protest, which is also attributed to their cultural backgrounds. According to the experts, foreign students have different opinions in defining cooperation on the university campuses in the US. The universities have a special obligation to those students. The ethic education in the business schools used to emphasize “no lying”, “no cheating” and “no stealing”. The concept of ethics is changing with the actual situation in the business world. Business ethics do only have a bearing on personal decision making, but also extend to the social, economic and environmental responsibilities of the enterprises, with the “sustainable” development as the main concern.Unit 82. (1) there is no alternative: the president must approve the bill if Congress passes it.(2) The Amish have long been renowned for making ordinary soil magically productive.(3) In fact, the reason why manufacturing powers subsidize their enterprises on energy price is that energy price is a complex political and social issue.(4) 110-year-old Peking University is constantly reviewing its course structures to cater to the ever-changing student roll.(5) About 200 visiting students from china’s quake-hit Sichuan Province wound up their vacation in Russia and set out home.(6) Carbohydrates are abundant in starchy foods, and are converted in the body into glycogen, which is then stored in the muscles and liver.(7) People that illegally obtain personal information also incur criminal penalties, under the draft submitted yesterday to Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.(8) Governments at all levels must encourage the use of energy-saving technology and facilities by offering policy incentives such as an exemption of taxes.3. But by the spring of 2008, the financial world seemed to be coming undone, unemployment was rising, and among the fashionistas, cheap was the new black. Consumer prices in the US fell at a breathtaking annual rate of nearly 13% in the last three months of 2008. Prices plummeted for all sorts of goods, ranging from clothing to TVs to furniture, as retailers advertised sale after sale. But deflation missed big chunks of the economy. For all of 2008, college tuition and fees increased by 5.8%, followed closely by price increases for hospitals and legal services. Finance is one service sector where prices are falling, in part because banks lent so heavily in housing. For economics, overcapacity is a tricky concept. Human wants are unlimited, so how could the world ever produce too much of a good thing? The key is what people can pay: in many good sectors, prices still aren’t low enough to bring forth enough buyers. There will have to be some combination of falling prices and destruction of productive capacity before supply and demand come back into balance.。

新视野大学英语第三版1课文1-6中英文对照

Unit1Toward a brighter future for all奔向更加光明的未来1Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。

你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。

在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。

2 In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. "Pose naturally," Mom instructed us. "Wait!" said Dad, "Let's take a picture of me handing him an alarm clock." The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still on my office desk.2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。

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矿业公司田兴铁矿1#主井井筒壁后壁间注浆施工安全技术措施中煤三建二十九工程处田兴项目部二〇一二年七月二十日矿业公司田兴铁矿1#主井井筒壁后壁间注浆施工安全技术措施一、工程概况司家营田兴铁矿位于河北省滦县响嘡镇境内，距唐钢55km，北距京山铁路滦县车站约14km，西距迁（安）曹（妃甸）铁路约6.0km，迁曹铁路的菱角山站位于南区西北方向约8.5km处；平-青-大公路从矿区北侧、东侧通过，交通运输十分便利。

1#主井设计井深670m，井筒坐标：X=4391203.0，Y=40394396，Z=+20m，井筒直径5.6m，净断面24.62m2,表土段为冻结法施工，冻结深度210m，井壁设计为双层井壁内外壁均采用钢筋砼支护，内外壁支护厚度分别400mm 、350mm砼标号C40；井筒从202.7m-401.8m井壁设计为单层素砼支护，支护厚度为400mm，素砼的标号为C40；井筒从401.8m-505m支护厚度变为600mm素砼，标号为C40。

原1#主井由温州建设施工，据移交井筒资料显示，现1#主井掘进井深304.5m，砌筑成井深度299.5m,剩余掘进工程量365.5m（304.5m～670m）。

测定井筒涌水量90m3/h，其中，井筒井壁涌水量约50.m3/h，工作面涌水量约40m3/h。

目前1#主井正在进行井筒装备改造。

根据1#主井井筒施工组织设计要求，井筒装备改造完成后，对井壁进行注浆堵水及壁后充填加固注浆施工，以改善井筒内施工作业环境，确保后期井筒掘进施工安全、质量、速度。

根据上述情况，，经建设单位、监理单位、施工单位研究决定对1#主井进行井壁堵水及壁后、壁间充填加固注浆。

为保证注浆期间施工安全，依据《田兴铁矿1#主井井筒施工组织设计》，特编制井筒壁后、壁间施工安全安全技术措施。

二、工程地质及水文地质条件（一）、地形地貌矿区位于滦河侵蚀堆积洪冲积平原区，亚区属于滦河河漫滩阶地，主要分布于现代河床两侧，沿河流走向多成条带状分布，西北高东南低，地势较平坦，地面坡降小于2‰，地面标高18～22m 左右，阶地前缘高出现代河床2.0m 左右，地表岩性以粉细砂、粉土为主，下部砾卵石，局部有湖沼相淤泥沉积。

（二）、水文地质本区内河流基本为由北向南注入渤海。

由于受地形地貌的严格控制，各河流的流量及水位变化及悬殊。

矿区附近河流均属滦河水系，主要有滦河、新河、溯河等，根据矿区含水层的富水性、含水介质的结构特征以及地下水的赋存、运移条件，矿区地下水划分为第四系松散岩类孔隙含水组和基岩裂隙含水层（带）。

1、第四系松散岩类孔隙含水组⑴、第Ⅰ含水组：本组地层以上迭阶地型式假整合于上更新统之上，构成滦河漫滩阶地和滦河一级阶地。

主要以砂、圆砾、卵石组成，一般卵石粒径在3～5cm，最大可达15cm 以上，分选中等，磨圆度较好，底板标高-15.98 ～10.96m，平均-2.48m，厚度5.0～15.99m，平均14.39m，其上覆有3～6m 的粉土或粘性土。

1979 年孔群抽水试验时，中心孔水位降低4.86m 时出水量为1732m3/d,水位降低7.03m 时出水量为21251m3/d。

⑵、第Ⅱ含水组：本组多隐伏于Ⅰ组之下，部分出露地表，构成滦河二级阶地，岩性主要以粉细砂为主，单井出水量1.99～8.95 m3/d，底板标高-2.12～14.39m，平均10.95m，厚度6.85～22.3m，平均厚度15.6m。

⑶、第Ⅲ含水层组：本组水文地质特征既有平面上分区性又有垂向上分带性，上段（Ⅲ1）主要含水岩性为中细砂、圆砾、卵石、含砾石粗砂，受原始地形控制，含水层起伏较大底板标高-42.61～-134.79m，平均-73.12m，厚度0～37.68m，平均10.77m。

群孔抽水试验时中心孔水位降低1.9m时，出水6855m3/d,K=144m/d，矿区中部孔群抽水时，水位降低15.4m，出水量106600～15500t/d,K=47.7m/d。

由于近年来当地工农业、小型矿业的发展，矿区及附近区域对第四系含水层的开采越来越大，尤其是当Ⅰ、Ⅱ含水组水量不满足时，更加大对Ⅲ含水层地下水的开采，使原来有隔水层分隔的含水层互相沟通。

2007 年12 月河北地矿建设工程集团隧道工程公司对矿区水文地质调查时，就明显的显示出三个含水层的水位基本一致，在进行的2个第四系含水层的单位涌水量较三十年前发生了较大变化渗透系数为K=17.87～57.58m/d。

当然这与大量开采地下水以近年来大气降水的减少有直接关系。

矿区地下水水化学类型为HCO—Ca+Mg 水，矿化度为0.59g/L，PH 值8.41。

2、基岩裂隙含水层（带）矿区基岩为一套变质程度较浅并经受不同程度混合岩化的古老变质岩系，经过长期的地质作用，形成统一的裂隙承压含水层。

依据其成因、裂隙发育程度以及岩体的埋深条件不同，将岩裂隙含水岩系划分为古老风化壳裂隙含水带与深部构造裂隙含水带两部分。

（1）古风化壳裂隙含水带全风化带：分布于古风化壳的顶部，直接与第四系地层接触。

岩石结构松散大部分变质变色，多呈黄白色和浅黄色，风化岩芯多呈块状，可见原岩结构，局部为残积土。

单位涌水量q=0.0056 L/s.m，渗透系数K=0.05m/d。

富水性、透水性均较差，但持水性强。

半风化带：岩石风化变质程度较浅，组织结构完整，岩芯呈块状、短柱状。

在此带中，风化裂隙与构造裂隙往往以迭加的形式出现，附之以地下水的溶蚀淋滤用，致使基岩裂隙开度增大。

前期抽水试验结果表明：单位涌水量q=0.003 ～ 0.08 L/s.m 渗透系K=0.013 ～ 0.362m/d ，水化学类型为HCO+Cl-—Ca+Na 型水，矿化度0.52g/L，PH 值7.02。

⑵深部构造裂隙含水带本带由古风化壳以下的断裂破碎带组成，包括断层带和断层影响带。

平面上集中分布在S9 至S18 线间，垂向上赋存-120（或者-180m）之间，厚度变化较大，由15～200m 不等,一般50～100m.根据前期抽水试验资料,单位涌水量仅0.011m3/h﹒m，渗透系数K=0.049m/d,在断层影响带单位涌水量为0.175 m3/h﹒m,渗透系数K=0.55m/d。

（三）、岩性根据1号-2号主井间孔及2号-3号主井间孔钻孔资料， 1#主井井筒穿过岩层为黑云变粒岩，主要为坚硬岩石，硬度9≤f≤13。

三、井筒涌水情况分析原1#主井由温州建设施工，据移交井筒资料显示，现1#主井掘进井深304.5m，砌筑成井深度299.5m。

测定井筒涌水量90m3/h，下段井壁质量较差，大部分水为下段井壁的水。

目前1#主井正在进行井筒装备改造。

根据1#主井井筒施工组织设计要求，井筒装备改造完成后，先进行壁后注浆，然后再进行工作面预注浆施工。

其中，井筒冻结段解冻后，井壁在地应力等作用下，易形成环形裂缝.井筒浇筑砼时，模板接茬处及井壁薄弱处都容易产生裂隙，井筒210m以上段井筒涌水主要是冻结法施工解冻后遗存的冻结水及井筒壁后含水层水通过岩石裂隙导通进入井壁后，然后通过井壁裂隙涌入井筒内,造成井壁涌水量增大，恶化工作面作业施工环境。

基岩井筒段涌水，主要是基岩含水层水，通过井壁裂缝及工作面岩石裂隙涌出。

根据井筒检查孔资料显示，1#井筒剩余365.5m （304.5m～670m）段未发现大的断裂构造，但岩体的主要构造结构为节理裂隙密集的破碎带，破碎带岩质松散、Ⅳ、Ⅴ类岩体。

破碎带在应力状态下受到改变及地下水的作用，可能会出现瞬间涌水现象。

四、注浆施工方案待井筒装备改造结束后，进行井筒排水，随着井筒水位不断下降，在排水的同时，利用吊盘进行井筒壁后壁间堵水加固注浆施工。

五、注浆施工及参数设计（一）井筒壁后注浆施工1、施工前的准备工作（1）形成排水系统井筒安设一路Φ133×5mm无缝钢管作为排水管，一路Φ159×5mm无缝钢管作为压风管，并作为备用排水管。

吊盘二、三层各安设一台MD85-80×9的卧泵。

（2）注浆泵站设置在地面1#井口房西侧水泥库旁设置注浆站，在地面挖一个二次搅拌池，搅拌池长 1.5m、宽 1.2m、深1m,池内红砖砌筑，用灰浆抹面。

池旁边布置2TGZ-70/210及ZBY-50/70型双液注浆泵各两台（其中一台备用），1m3电动搅拌罐1个，水玻璃桶1个，清水桶2个。

（3）输浆、打眼管路的敷设利用悬吊动力电缆绳捆扎2路Φ25mm高压胶管，从地面输送浆液到工作面作为输浆管路，先将高压胶管放到吊盘上，从井口自上而下敷设，管路吊挂采用10#铁丝双根捆扎，捆扎点间距6m。

所有管线与吊盘的安全间隙不小于300mm。

高压胶管连接必须使用合格的Ｕ型卡正规插接。

施工时，两人一组，一人盘放胶管，一人上卡缆固定。

注浆管路的耐压强度不少于25MPa。

打眼时，其中一路高压胶管作为压风管使用.在二层吊盘上进行打眼注浆工作。

（4）供电、照明、信号、通讯要求电源包括：380V电源一趟电缆，用于地面电焊机供电。

220V电源一趟，用于井口照明。

井下照明采用个人佩戴矿灯。

井口房至主井绞车房采用井筒施工信号。

注浆通讯采用声光信号、无线对讲机，（对讲机一套使用，一套备用），为确保井筒通讯安全，手锤敲击吊桶作为应急备用信号。

（5）防坠落在井筒吊盘上施工时，为防止器具掉落，要求打眼设备及所有工器具设有留绳，留绳必须生根可靠。

2、注浆施工（1）注浆方式本次采用下行式注浆，由上而下逐步推进注浆。

设计注浆段高299.5m，按4m间距，共布置74层注浆孔，注浆孔间距为2m，每层布设注浆孔8个，共计布孔592个。

为提高注浆效果，设计相邻两排孔应菱形交叉布置，施工上、下两排孔时尽量避免在同一垂直线上施工时，可根据井壁出水情况，适当调整注浆孔布置层数及每层布置注浆孔的数量。

针对井筒明显出水点，可在集中出水周围300-500mm范围内增打2-3个孔，对出水点进行封堵。

（2）注浆孔结构及埋设采用YT-28风钻，Φ42mm“一“字型合金钻头，Φ22×1000mm中空六角钢钎打眼造孔，先施工0.5m深的孔口管孔，在将麻丝缠绕在孔口管上并浸上水玻璃后在孔口管丝口端安设废旧高压球阀，用大锤将孔口管撞入孔内，外露长度50mm，再采用Φ28mm钻头钻进至表土段为450mm进行壁间注浆，基岩段设计钻孔深1.5m，在孔口安装高压球阀，连接注浆装置注浆。

如钻透井壁后，孔内出水较大时，应立即抽出钎子，及时在孔口安装高压球阀进行止水。

为控制孔深，施工前可在钎子上焊接Ф6mm的钢筋用作限位标记。

孔口管设计为Ф40mm无缝钢管加工，一端制作成马牙扣，一端车丝，长度0.5m。

3、注浆参数设计（1）注浆压力注浆压力按下列公式确定各阶段注浆压力：Pa=P0+（0.3～0.5）Pb=P0+（0.5～0.8）Pc=P0+（0.5～1.3）式中：Pa——初始注浆压力 Mpa；Pb——正常注浆压力 Mpa；Pc——注浆终压 Mpa；P0——注浆点静水压力 Mpa；（0.3～0.5）、（0.5～0.8）、（0.8～1.3）为富余系数，素砼井壁注浆宜取小值。