Questions
6 different question types
Open and Closed QuestionsA closed question usually receives a single word or very short, factual answer. For example, "Are you thirsty?" The answer is "Yes" or "No"; "Where do you live?" The answer is generally the name of your town or your address.Open questions elicit longer answers. They usually begin with what, why, how. An open question asks the respondent for his or her knowledge, opinion or feelings. "Tell me" and "describe" can also be used in the same way as open questions. Here are some examples:∙What happened at the meeting?∙Why did he react that way?∙How was the party?∙Tell me what happened next.∙Describe the circumstances in more detail.Open questions are good for:∙Developing an open conversation: "What did you do on vacation?"∙Finding our more detail: "What else do we need to do to make this a success?"∙Finding out the other person's opinion or issues: "What do you think about those changes?"Closed questions are good for:∙Testing your understanding, or the other person's: "So, if I get this qualification, will I get a raise?"∙Concluding a discussion or making a decision: "Now we know the facts, are we all agreed this is the right course of action?"∙Frame setting: "Are you happy with the service from your bank?"A misplaced closed question, on the other hand, can kill the conversation and lead to awkward silences, so are best avoided when a conversation is in full flow.Probing QuestionsAsking probing questions is another strategy for finding out more detail. Sometimes it's as simple as asking your respondent for an example, to help you understand a statement they have made. At other times, you need additional information for clarification, "When do you need this report by, and do you want to see a draft before I give you my final version?", or to investigate whether there is proof for what has been said, "How do you know that the new qq software can’t be used on Apple computers?"Probing questions are good for:∙Gaining clarification to ensure you have the whole story and that you understand it thoroughly; and∙Drawing information out of people who are trying to avoid telling you something.This technique involves starting with general questions, and then asking about a specific point in each answer; asking more and more detail at each level. It's often used by detectives taking a statement from a witness: "How many people were involved in the fight?""About ten.""Mostly kids.""What sort of ages were they?""About fourteen or fifteen.""Were any of them wearing anything distinctive?""Yes, several of them had red baseball caps on.""Can you remember if there was a logo on any of the caps?""Now you come to mention it, yes, I remember seeing a big letter N."Using this technique, the detective has helped the witness re-live the scene and gradually focus on a useful detail. Perhaps he'll be able to identify young men wearing a hat like this from CCTV footage. It is unlikely he would have got this information if he's simply asked an open question such as "Are there any details you can give me about what you saw?"Funnel questions are good for:∙Finding out more detail about a specific point: "Tell me more about Option 2."∙Gaining the interest or increasing the confidence of the person you're speaking with: "Have you call the phone nurses?", "Did they solve your problem?", "What was the attitude of the person who took your call?"Rhetorical QuestionsRhetorical questions aren't really questions at all, in that they don't expect an answer. They're really just statements phrased in question form: "Isn't John's design work so creative?"People use rhetorical questions because they are engaging for the listener – as they are drawn into agreeing ("Yes it is and I like working with such a creative colleague") – rather than feeling that they are being "told" something like "John is a very creative designer". (To which they may answer "So What?")Rhetorical questions are good for:∙Engaging the listenerTip:Rhetorical questions are even more powerful if you use a string of them. "Isn't that a great display? Don't you love the way the text picks up the colors in the photographs? Doesn't ituse space really well? Wouldn't you love to have a display like that for our products?"Leading questions try to lead the respondent to your way of thinking. They can do this in several ways:∙With an assumption: "How late do you think that the project will deliver?". This assumes that the project will certainly not be completed on time.∙By adding a personal appeal to agree at the end: "Lori's very efficient, don't you think?" or "Option 2 is better, isn't it?"∙Phrasing the question so that the "easiest" response is "yes" (our natural tendency to prefer to say "yes" than "no" plays an important part in the phrasing of referendum questions): "Shall we all approve Option 2?" is more likely to get a positive response than "Do you want to approve option 2 or not?". A good way of doing this is to make it personal. For example, "Would you like me to go ahead with Option 2?" rather than"Shall I choose Option 2?".Note that leading questions tend to also be closed questions.Leading questions are good for:∙Getting the answer you want but leaving the other person feeling that they have had a choice.∙Closing a sale: "If that answers all of your questions, shall we agree on a price?"。
Wh- questions
whose when wions
特殊疑问句的语序有两种形式： 1.当疑问词作主语或修饰主语（即作定语）时， 用陈述句语序。 e.g. Who is your English teacher? （你的英语老师是谁？） Whose father works in that factory? （谁的父亲在那个工厂工作？）
特殊疑问词
疑问词 what which who 提问对象 对行为和事物提问 对特定的人或事物 对人称提问 对人称所有格提问 对笼统时间提问 对地点提问 对原因提问 对方式/程度提问 例句
What are you talking about?
Which do you like better? Who will you visit today? Whose bag is this? When is your birthday? Where are you from? Why didn’t you come here? How do you go to school? How is he at basketball?
Wh- questions
Wh- question即特殊疑问句，是以疑问词开头，这 些疑问词是以w或h开头。 特殊疑问句是对句子的某一成分进行提问，问具 体的人或事、时间、地点、原因等，因此不能用 yes或no来进行简单回答。 —What class are you in? （你在哪个班？） —I’m in Class Four, Grade One. （我在一年四班。）
Wh- questions
Why do you like Chinese culture? （你为什么喜欢中国文化？） （问原因状语） How many apples do you want? （你要多少苹果？） （问定语） What does he do in the morning? （你早上做什么？） （问谓语）
50 Job Interview Questions50道英文面试题
50 Job Interview Questions, why they areasked and how to Answer!This is the most comprehensive list of questions commonlyasked in Job Interviews, why they are asked, if they haveany hidden motives and exactly how to answer them!1. Why Do Y ou Want T o Work For Us?2. What interests you about this job?3. What do you know about our company?4. What challenges are you looking for in this position?5. Who was your best boss and who was the worst?6. Why did you choose this particular career path?7. What are your aspirations beyond this job?8. Why do you think this industry would sustain your interest in the long haul?9. T ell me about yourself.10. What has been the biggest disappointment in your life?11. What are your pet peeves?12. If you could relive the last 10 years of your life.13. How has your education prepared you for your career?14. When was the last time you were angry and what happened?15. How do you evaluate success?16. What are the major reasons for your success?17. Describe a typical work week for you.18. How would you describe the pace at which you work?19. Give us an example of a situation where you didn't meet your goals or objectives.20. Give me proof of your persuasiveness.21. Would your current boss describe you as the type of person who goes that extra mile?22. Give us an example of a situation where you faced conflict or difficult communicationproblems23. Have you ever had a conflict with a boss or professor? How was it resolved?24. If you know your boss is 100% wrong about something, how would youhandle this?25. Where do you see yourself in 3 / 5/ 10 years time?26. How do you plan to achieve those goals?27. What drives you to achieve your objectives?28. What are you looking for in your next job? What is important to you?29. What would your current manager say are your strengths?30. What would your current manager say are your weaknesses?31. Are you overqualified for this job?32. Why should we give you this job?33. We're considering two other candidates for this position. Why should we hire yourather than someone else?34. What would you do if one of our competitors offered you a position?35. What are your biggest accomplishments?36. What did you like/dislike about your last job?37. Can you work under pressure?"38. What environments allow you to be especially effective?39. What do you find are the most difficult decisions to make?40. Give us an example of when you have worked to an unreasonable deadline or beenfaced with a huge challenge.41. T ell me about a special contribution you have made to your employer.42. What is the most difficult situation you have faced?43. T ell me about a time when you had to deal with an irate customer. How did you handlethe situation?44. How do you take direction?45. What colour is your brain?46. Do you prefer working in a team or on your own?47. What do your work colleagues think of you?48. T ell me about your salary expectations.49. What will you do if you don't get this position?50. What is the first thing you would change, if you were to start work here? Question 1: Why Do You Want To Work For Us?It‟s rare for an interview not to include this question.The good news is that it‟s an easy one to prepare for.Most companies want to recruit people who are enthusiastic about the company and itsproducts. They don‟t want people on the team who “ended up there by accident”. So this isyour chance to show why working for the company is important to you and why you thinkyou will fit in.They will be looking for evidence that you can make a contribution and will beable to growinto the role they are recruiting.This question is designed to screen out candidates who aren‟t serious about the companyor may be using it as a stop-gap, while they look for something better.It‟s als o your chance to make the most of the company research you have done. Y ou canuse this opportunity to add comments that show you understand the company‟s position inthe market place; the role of its competitors and any challenges it may be facing.Sample Answer: “I'm not looking for just another pay check. I enjoy my work and am proudof my profession. Y our company produces a superior product/provides a superior service. Ishare the values that make this possible, which should enable me to fit in and complementthe team."Question 2: What interests you about this job?When you're asked what interests you about the position you are interviewing for, the bestway to respond is to describe the qualifications listed in the job posting, then connect themto your skills and experience. That way, the employer will see that you know about the jobyou're interviewing for (not everyone does) and that you have the qualifications necessaryto do the job.For example, if you were interviewing for a Human Resources Manager job where youwould be responsible for recruiting, orientation, and training, you will want to discuss howyou were responsible for these functions in your past positions, and why you are interestedin continuing to develop your expertise in Human Resources management. Another example would be if you were interviewing for a Programmer / Analyst position. Inthat case, you would mention your interest in learning and excelling at new technologies,your experience in programming both new applications, and your interest in and yourability to problem solve.In all cases, you will want to convey your enthusiasm for the opportunity to interview, alongwith your solid ability to do the job.Question 3: What do you know about Our Company?A typical job interview question, asked to find out how much company research you haveconducted, is "What do you know about this company?"Prepare in advance, and in a word, research, so, you can provide relevant and currentinformation about your prospective employer to the inte rviewer. Start by researching thecompany online. Review the "About Us" section of the company web site. Google thecompany, read blogs that mention it, and check Discussion Boards and social networkingsites.Use the information you have gathered to create a bulleted list of relevant information thatyou can easily remember during the interview. T aking the time to research will help youmake a good impression with how much you know about the company. Question 4: What challenges are you looking for in this position?A typical interview question to determine what you are looking for your in next job, andwhether you would be a good fit for the position being hired for, is "What challenges areyou looking for in a position?"The best way to answer questions about the challenges you are seeking is to discuss howyou would like to be able to effectively utilize your skills and experience if you were hiredfor the job.Y ou can also mention that you are motivated by challenges, have the ability to effectivelymeet challenges, and have the flexibility and skills necessary to handle a challenging job.Y ou can continue by describing specific examples of challenges you have met and goalsyou have achieved in the past.Question 5: Who was your best boss and who was the worst?I've learned from each boss I've had. From the good ones I learnt what to do, from thechallenging ones - what not to do.Early in my career, I had a mentor who helped me a great deal, we still stay in touch. I'vehonestly learned something from each boss I've had.Question 6: What have you been doing since your last job?If you have an employment gap on your resume, the interviewer will probably ask you whatyou have been doing while you were out of work.The best way to answer this question is to be honest, but do have an answer prepared.Y ou will want to let the interviewer know that you were busy and active, regardless ofwhether you were out of work by choice, or otherwise.As I said, it doesn't really matter what you did, as long as you have an explanation. Hiringmanagers understand that people lose their job - it can happen to anyone - and it's notalways easy to find a new job fast. Also, there are legitimate non-employment reasons forbeing out of the workforce.Question 7: Why did you choose this particular career path?Sometimes in interviews, you will be asked questions that lend themselves to be answeredvaguely or with lengthy explanations. T ake this opportunity to direct your answer in a waythat connects you with the position and company, be succinct and support your answerwith appropriate specific examples.Sample Answer: "I chose advertising because I have always been a strong communicatorwith a good eye for design. I have a particular interest in creating dynamic eye-catchingpieces that support a new product being introduced to the market. I also like the fast-pacedhigh-energy environment that seems to be commonplace in the advertising industry."Advice: Y our answer needs to convince the interviewers that your skills are exactly whatthey want. They want to know if you have a realistic view of what it is like to work in theirindustry. Be specific; show them that their industry and your career goals are in sync.Question 8: What are your aspirations beyond this job?Again, don't fall into the trap of specifying job titles. Stick to a natural progression you seeas plausible. How should this job grow for the good of the organization? Then turn yourattention once again to the job at hand. If you seem too interested in what liesbeyond thisjob, the interviewer will fear that you won't stick around for long.Sample Answer: Beyond this job as a marketing assistant, I see myself moving up throughmarketing analysis into brand management and eventually running a category. I'm awarethat there are several skills I need to develop in the interval, and I believe with yourcontinuing-education program and my own motivation for self-improvement, I'll have thoseskills when the opportunities arise for greater responsibility. That's why I'm determined tolearn from the ground up, starting as a marketing assistant.Question 9: Why do you think this industry would sustain your interest in the longhaul?What expectations or projects do you have for the business that would enable you to growwithout necessarily advancing? What excites you about the business? What proof can youoffer that your interest has already come from a deep curiosity-perhaps going back at leasta few years-rather than a current whim you'll outgrow?Sample Answer: The technology in the industry is changing so rapidly that I see lots ofroom for job enhancement regardless of promotions. I'm particularly interested in the manyapplications for multimedia as a training tool.Question 10: Tell me about yourself?This is not an invitation to ramble on. If the context isn't clear, you need to know moreabout the question before giving an answer. In such a situation, you could ask, "Is there aparticular aspect of my background that you would like more information on?" This willenable the interviewer to help you find the appropriate focus and avoid discussingirrelevancies.Whichever direction your answer ultimately takes, be sure that it has some relevance tothe world of your professional endeavours. The tale you tell should demonstrate, or referto, one or more of your key behavioural profiles in action--perhaps honesty, integrity, beinga team player, or determination. If you choose "team player" (maybe you're the star playeron your team tennis group), you can tell a story about yourself outside of work that alsospeaks volumes about you at work. In part, your answer should make the connectionbetween the two, such as, "I put my heart into everything I do, whether it be sports or work.I find that getting along with teammates--or professional peers--makes life more enjoyableand productive."Or you might describe yourself as someone who is able to communicate with a variety ofpeople, so give an example from your personal life that indicates an ability to communicatealso at work.This isn't a question that you can answer effectively off the cuff. T ake some time inadvance to think about yourself and those aspects of your personality and/or backgroundthat you'd like to promote or feature for your interviewer.Question 11: What has been the biggest disappointment in your life?Y our response to the question "What has been the greatest disappointment in your life?"will help the interviewer determine know how easily you are discouraged. Sample Answer: If possible, tell about a personal disappointment i.e. the early death of aparent, child, or school friend. Believe it or not, it is okay to have not had a "greatest"disappointment.Question 12: What are your pet peeves?Y our response to the question "What are your pet peeves?" will help the interviewerdetermine if you would be a good fit with the company culture.Sample Answer: I do not have a pet peeve. If something is bothering me, I step back,analyse "why", and find a good solution. If you asked my teenage daughter she would tellyou my pet peeve is the volume on her radio!Question 13: How has your education prepared you for your career? This is a broad question and you need to focus on the behavioural examples in youreducational background which specifically align to the required compete ncies for thecareer.Sample Answer: My education has focused on not only the learning the fundamentals, butalso on the practical application of the information learned within those classes. Forexample, I played a lead role in a class project where we gathered and analysed bestpractice data from this industry. Let me tell you more about the results . . . Focus on behavioural examples supporting the key competencies for the career. Then askif they would like to hear more examples.Question 14: When was the last time you were angry and what happened?When the interviewer asks "When Was the Last Time Y ou Were Angry? What Happened?"he or she wants to know if you lose control. The real meaning of the word "angry", to aninterviewer, is loss of control and it's important to know how you handle situations whenyou're angry.Sample Answer: Anger to me means loss of control. I do not lose control. When I getstressed, I step back, take a deep breath, thoughtfully think through the situation and thenbegin to formulate a plan of action.Question 15: How do you evaluate success?I evaluate success in different ways. At work, it is meeting the goals set by my supervisorsand my fellow workers. It is my understanding, from talking to other employees, that theGGR Company is recognized for not only rewarding success, but giving employeesopportunity to grow as well. After work, I enjoy playing softball, so success on the field iscatching the winning pop-up.Question 16: What are the major reasons for your success?This is not the time to become extremely self-centred and arrogant. Keep in mind thatemployers are often looking for team players rather than Lone Rangers. A good responseto this question may relate to a mentor/and or philosophy of work or the people you workwith. Also, use this question as an opportunity to inquire about an appropriate "fit forsuccess" with this company.Question 16: Describe a typical work week for you.Interviewers expect a candidate for employment to discuss what they do while they areworking in detail. Before you answer, consider the position you are applying for and howyour current or past positions relate to it. The more you can connect your past experiencewith the job opening, the more successful you will be at answering the questions.It should be obvious that it's not a good idea talk about non-work related activities that youdo on company time, but, I've had applicants tell me how they are often late because theyhave to drive a child to school or like to take a long lunch break to work at the gym.Keep your answers focused on work and show the interviewer that you're organized ("Thefirst thing I do on Monday morning is check my voicemail and email, then I prioritize myactivities for the week.") and efficient.Question 17: How would you describe the pace at which you work? When you're asked to describe the pace at which you work, be careful how you respond.This is another question where faster isn't necessarily better. Most employers would ratherhire employees who work at a steady pace. Someone who is too slow to get the job donein a reasonable time frame isn't going to be a good hire. Neither is a candidate who worksfrenetically all day.Options for answering this question include saying that you work at a steady pace, butusually complete work in advance of the deadline. Discuss your ability to manage projectsand get them done on, or ahead, of schedule. If you work at a job where you have setcriteria (i.e. number of calls made or responded to) that measures accomplishments,discuss how you have achieved or exceeded those goals.Question 18: Give me proof of your persuasiveness.This is a question about leadership, but try not to use an example in which you were thedesignated leader. If possible, describe a time when you didn't really haveauthority butinstead used your powers of persuasion to get people on your side. Describe your goaland the outcome of your efforts. Why did people trust or believe you?Sample Answer: During my summer internship I was assigned the task of conducting abenchmarking study for all the communication expenditures for a major utility. I had to getthe consensus of employees in several different departments. Unfortunately, they resentedthe fact that I was just a summer intern, and they refused to cooperate. I had to scheduleindividual meetings with every employee and persuade each one that I was doing whatwould be ultimately to his or her own department and to the company. After a frustratingmonth, I finally got everyone's cooperation, the project went flawlessly, and in the end Ireceived a bonus for my efforts.Question 19: Would your current boss describe you as the type of person who goesthat extra mile?When interviewing with companies, you will often be asked questions that seem straightforward to answer. However more often than not - a …yes‟ …no‟ answer is not goodenough. Always try to back up what you are saying with examples, as this will validatewhat you are trying to say.Sample Answer: "Absolutely. In fact, on my annual evaluatio ns, he writes that I am themost dependable and flexible person on his staff. I think this is mostly because of myability to prioritise."Advice: Share an example or experience that demonstrates your dependability orwillingness to tackle a tough project. If you describe "long hours of work," make sure thatyou prove the hours were productive, and not the result of poor time management.Question 20: What new skills or ideas do you bring to the job that our internalcandidates don't offer?Often in an interview, you will be asked to separate yourself from other candidates whomay be more qualified or may be less of a risk-factor.Sample Answer: "Because I've worked with the oldest player in this industry, I can help youavoid some of the mistakes we made in our established markets."Advice: This question addresses your motivation in adding "true value" to the job. Evaluatethe job carefully, considering current limitations or weaknesses in the department and yourunique abilities. Y our ability here to prove "I offer what you need and then some" couldland you the job.Question 21: Give us an example of a situation where you didn't meet your goals orobjectives.What they're looking for with this one is an example of where objectives weren't met andwhat you did to rectify the situation.Better still, provide an example of where things almost went wrong and what you did toprevent it.Beware: a common trap to fall into is to give one of the following two answers: Bad: "I can't think of such a situation."This makes you either seem unbelievably perfect (i.e. arrogant) or completely naïve andunable to spot and avoid potential disaster.Bad: Give an example of a situation that went wrong, but not realise until you're half waythrough the story that it doesn't have a happy ending!Try to make the examples relevant to the job for which you are applying. However, it's generally acceptable to offer non-work related examples, if these are goodillustrations of transferable skills required for the job.Question 22: Give us an example of a situation where you faced conflict or difficultcommunication problems.This is not the time to tell the interviewer how much you hate your current boss orcolleagues!It‟s also not the point to launch into a tirade about how difficult pe ople in your office are towork with and how many arguments you have.So what are they looking for? They‟re looking for someone who can rise above conflict anddiffuse the emotions, finding a win-win solution.Basically, recruiters want to employ people who will get on well with others, whilst stilldelivering the company‟s objectives.This type of question is your chance to demonstrate your interpersonal and team-workingskills.The interviewer will be looking for maturity and the ability to be able to keep your calm,whilst others around you are losing theirs. Don‟t feel you have to provide an answer thatgives you full credit for the solution –it can often be more powerful (if it‟s true) todemonstrate how you worked with others to find a fix.Practise your answer to this question. It can have many guises, but is almost guaranteedto be asked in some form.Question 23: Have you ever had a conflict with a boss or professor? How was itresolved?Note that if you say no, most interviewers will keep drilling deeper to find a conflict. Thekey is how you behaviourally reacted to conflict and what you did to resolve it. For example: “Y es, I have had conflicts in the past. Never major ones, but there have beendisagreements that needed to be resolved. I've found that when conflict occurs, it helps tofully understand the other person‟s perspective, so I take time to listen to their point ofview, and then I seek to work out a collaborative solution. For example . . .”Focus your answer on the behavioural process for resolving the conflict and workingcollaboratively.Question 24: If you know your boss is 100% wrong about something, how wouldyou handle this?An answer that works well is: "It depends on the situation and the personality of thesupervisor." T o elaborate, give examples:My present supervisor does not like to have his authority questioned. He's fairly new onthe job and almost all of the people he supervises have been on the job longer than hehas. He's never bothered to learn the procedures, how things are done or how thecomputer system works. But if any of us tell him that how he wants something done won'twork, he gets extremely angry. So, I never tell him he's wrong. Never. Whatever he tellsme to do, I smile and say "okay." Then if I know a way to get it done that will work, I do itthat way, give him the results he wants and never tell him I didn't do it the way he told meto. He got the results and is happy. I saved myself the stress of being yelled at and gavehim what he wanted, so I'm happy.My prior supervisor was more easy-going and if I told her "you know, I think it might workbetter if I do what you asked in such and such a way," she say "okay, try it."If I were a new hire on a job, I would probably not question a supervisor because I mightthink I didn't know enough. Except on the new job I'm going to. The director has admittedthat she's new on the job and there are a lot of things that a secretary does that shedoesn't know how to do, so she will be depending on me to know how to keep the officerunning.Question 25: Where do you see yourself in 3 / 5/ 10 years time?Err...Not a good response.So what might an employer be looking for with this question?• Are you serious about the company? Is the company part of your long-term plan, or arethey a stepping stone?• Are you serious about your career?• Do you know where you want to go?• How does this job help you get there?• Are you ambitious? This can be positive or negative.• How does this job fit within your longer-term plans? Is this job just a stop-gap? If the jobis part of your strategy, how likely are you to want to be promoted?• Do you have any longer-term plans? They may use this to judge how far you would planahead in your new role.This question is a good opportunity to show your commitment to the role and knowledge ofthe company‟s structure and vision.Beware of seeming to threaten your future manager, if they‟re interviewing you.Ahumorous answer we have often heard to this question is “doing your job”. This may betrue and may even get a laugh, but some managers are quite insecure and may not wantto hire someone who they fear would undermine them.Sample Answer: "In five years, I would like to have progressed to the point where I havebottom-line responsibility and the chance to lead an operations unit." Advice: Avoid the urge to describe job titles; this makes you seem unbending andunrealistic, since you do not know or control the system of promotion. Describe newexperiences or responsibilities you'd like to add in the future that build on the current jobyou are applying for.Question 26: How do you plan to achieve those goals?As a follow-up to the above question the interviewer will often ask how you plan onachieving those goals. A good answer to this question will speak specifically about whatyou are going to accomplish and how you are going to accomplish it. Examples of goodresponses include:I plan on gaining additional skills by taking related classes and continuing my involvementwith a variety of professional associations.I noticed that XYZ Company (the company you are interviewing with) provides in-housetraining for employees and I would certainly be interested in taking classes that would berelevant.I will continue my professional development my participating in conferences, attendingseminars, and continuing my education.Question 27: What drives you to achieve your objectives?An interviewer is looking to fulfil certain competencies, in this case motivation andcommitment. “Y ou might say …I like doing a job well and perform best when stretched‟,”says Tim Forster, the head of UK experienced recruitment at Pricewaterhouse Coopers.Question 28: What are you looking for in your next job? What is important to you?。
高中英语单词天天记question素材
·question·v. ['kwestʃən] ( questions; questioned; questioning )··双解释义·vt. & vi.盘问; 提问ask questions·vt. & vi.对…表示质疑have or express doubt about·基本要点•1.question的基本意思是“询问,质询”,指就不足信、不正确或可疑的事对某人进行连续提问,也可指经过法庭或警署询问某人。
引申可作“对…表示质疑”解。
2.question可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。
用作及物动词时接名词、代词或if/whether从句作宾语。
3.question后常用介词about或on来表示某方面的问题。
4.注意:“盘问”应为cross-question。
•·词汇搭配••question a person 审问某人•question the accuracy 怀疑正确性•question the truth 怀疑真实性••question closely 仔细地审问•question curiously 好奇地问•question exhaustively 追根究底地问•question improperly 不符合事实地问•question innocently 天真地问•question minutely 仔细地问•question openly 公开怀疑•question sternly 严厉地询问••question sb about his activities 询问某人的活动•question sb on his views 询问某人的看法•question sb on〔upon〕 the point 就这点质问某人·常用短语•It cannot be questioned but/that...毫无疑问 There is no question (but) thatIt cannot be questioned but the new method is superior to the old one.新方法比旧方法好,这是毫无疑问的。
英语国家概况课后questions答案
英语国家概况课后questions答案第⼀单元;1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious V ikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. Are there any differences between England and W ales in terms of cultural tradition ?Y es, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.第⼆单元;3、what do you think should be the right solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?（Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".）The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legit imacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.第三单元;4、What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?There are some characters in the Britain Constitutional Monarchy:1. The monarch is primarily to symbolize the traditional and unity of the British state. The Queen reigns but does not rule. And she is legally head of the executive and judiciary branches, an integral part of the legislature, the commander-in-chief of all armed forces and “supreme governor” of the Church of England2. Parliament becomes the country authority centre, which have right to pass laws, bills and acts of Parliament, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the actions of the government and so on.3. The king must believe in Established Church (being that person succeeds tothe throne not to be that Prod), catholic or same catholic get married.Until the end of the 17th century, British monarchs were an executive monarch, which means that they had he right make and pass legislation. But even in early time there were occasions when the Sovereign had to act in accordance with the law and take into account the will of the paper. With the signing Magna Charta i n 1215, for example, the leading noblemen of England succeeded in forcing King John to accept that they and other freemen had rights against the Crown.In 17th century,the Stuart kings propagated the theory of the divine right of kings, claiming that the Sovereign was subject only to God and not to the law. Widespread unrest against their rule led to civil war in the second half of the 17th century. In 1688-1689 Parliamentarians drew up the Bill of Rights, which established basic tenets such as the supremacy of Parliament. The constitutional monarchy we know today really developed in the 18th and 19th centuries,as day-to-day power came to be exercised by Ministers in Cabinet, and by Parliaments elected by a steadily-widening electorate.第四单元：5、How are people in the UK divided into different classes? What are some of the main features in the division? Is the classsystem similar with the United States?(1)The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc. The different idea of class is related to the group or class. Upper class , middle class, lower class. People in the UK divided into different classes also according to their jobs.(2) The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc. The people of different classes have different levels of income, the education they get is totally different.(3)The answer to the last question is “no”. British class system is not so similar to the U.S. Which marks British class system different from the American, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.第五单元：6.What are the three main areas in national ecnomies？Describe the development of each of the three areas in the UK economy.（1）National economies can be broken down into three main areas：primary industries, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining,Second-ary industries, which manufacture complex goods from those primary produets;And tertiary industuies often described as services, such as banking, insuranc, tourism, and the selling of goods.(2)Britan’s agricultural sector is small（producing 1.4%of the national wealth）but efficient, producing 58% of the UK’s food needs with only 2%of its workforce. Three quarters of Britain’s land is used for agriculture. with about a quarter of that under crops-wheat and barley are the two commmnests. The rest is grazing for animals, including cattle.The fishing industy provides 55%of the UK demand for fish.In the secondary sector of the economy. manufacturing industry remains important, producing 22% of national wealth.British companies are are active in all major fields of manufacturing industry, but are particulary strong in pharmaceuticals, chemicals, aerospace and food drink.第六单元：7、What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world about them drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.第七单元：8、What are the purposes of the British education system? What are the main purpose of the Chinese education system? Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?British;To develop students creativity and imaginationTo have better communication skills to getting along with different peopleTo have various knowledge about life and nature which is out of textbooksTo be not so good at controlling knowledge—— especially the accounting ability aboutfiguresChina；To pass the examsTo let everyone accepts education, have knowledge and skills to make lifeTo get a good job and make moneyTo be able to cope with life on the wholeTo improve students qualityCompulsory ——(1)Both the UK and China have compulsory education.(2)The general education systems in two countries are quite similar. They bothhave primary schooling, secondary and university education.(3)Both countries have vocational schools providing study and training for thosewho want to follow a certain career instead of seeking university education. differences——Chinese Education System and Western Education System have their own advantages and disadvantages. Chinese emphasizes foundational knowledge whereas Western thinks highly of creativeness.T eaching Philosophy (1)the main concept of education(2)In Britain,education aims to develop individual abilities.But in China, we always kill students? ability of creationand imagination to some degree.T eaching Method(1)In Britain, thei r homework doesn?t have a unified rightanswer. If the answers given by students are reasonable,marks will be given. while in China, the knowledge welearn most have little relationship with our own life, they…remore basic courses .第⼋单元8、Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the sameworries about the Soviet Union.Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.第九单元9、The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?Comparison between British Media and Chinese Media(1)On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.(2) similarities: Firstly, like British Media, the role that Chinese Media plays has becomemore and more important.Secondly, both the two media have some organizations which aredominant and influential.Thirdly, British Media and Chinese Media are accelerating integration ofthe traditional media and IT.Differences: Paper media in the UK is still a huge industry no matter at present or infuture. But in China, more and more people begin to rely on Internetand hanging around online even with nothing at all to do.In addition, British Media has more freedom than their Chinesecolleagues to criticize politic.第⼗单元10、How do the British celebrate this holiday? In what way does thisholiday and the ways of celebration in British reflect W estern culturaltradition in general and British traditions in particular?(1)Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts andChristmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaceswith coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.(2)第⼗⼀单元11、Discuss the features of the Celts and their influence on Ireland.Tribe: Celts consisted of a patchwork of tribal areas , each with its own king .Classifications of Celtic language:Proto-Celtic divided into foursub-families .Gaulish ,Hispano-Celtic ,Brythonic ,Goidelic Religion :The Celts believed in many gods and goddesses After LifeThe Celts believed that the human soul had an afterlife, so when aperson died they were buried with many things they would need for theafter life.●House :They lived in round houses with thatched roofs of straw or heather .Cloth:'The way they dress is astonishingThe influence on Ireland:Irish culture came from Celtics culture, including languages, costumes, dancing , instruments and so onIrish dress mainly is lattice costumes(格⼦服装), for women, is linen skirt（⿇布裙⼦）, which is made by Irish traditional manual cloth.As forman, their folk dress is skirt.Languages:All the legacies of the Celts, it is their language thathas proved the most lastingIrish is the first official language of the Republic of Ireland (thesecond being English)With the language, the Celts brought an instrument of social andcultural unity to the island, which transcended political and social divisionIrish tap dance（踢踏舞）is enthusiastic and jazzy, and its melody is very beautifulwhat are the unique features of the Australian continentIsolated from other major land masses, Australia?s distinctive flora and fauna evolved through its long period as an island continent.。
英语问句
约翰不喜欢茶，是吗？
John doesn’t like tea，does he？
她不会游泳，对吗？ She can’t swim，can she？ 汤姆己经完成了他的家庭作业，是吗？
Tom has finished his homework，hasn’t he？ 越来越多的人开始意识到运动的重要性，对吗？
What's your favorite subject?
特殊疑问句的答语 特殊疑问句的答语的重点是对疑问词的回答非所问，因此， 不再需要用yes或no。在回答时，可以用一个词或词组，也 可以用一个较为完整的句子。 谁借了我的自行车？
Who has borrowed my bike？ Jack.
Jack has borrowed your bike. 他什么时候借了我的自行车？
When did he borrow my bike？
This morning. He borrowed your bike this morning.
选择疑问句概述
选择疑问句（alternative questions）一般提出两种或两种 以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句， 也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分由or连接，前者用升 调，后者用降调 。
More and more people get to know the importance of doing sports, don’t they?
你的家乡在哪里？ Where is your hometown? 你通常是怎样结交朋友的？ How do you usually make friends? 你认为朋友在你生活中重要吗？ Do you think friends play an important part in your life? 能否谈谈你的家庭情况？ Can you say something about your family? 父母是最好的老师，不是吗？ Parents are the best teachers, aren’t they? 你认为父母应该如何教育孩子？ How do you think should parents educate their
10大经典英文面试问题（含参考答案，值得收藏）
10⼤经典英⽂⾯试问题（含参考答案，值得收藏）Top 10 Interview Questions and Best Answers⼗⼤经典英⽂⾯试问题并附有super答案快来围观吧Review the top 10 interview questions you'll most likely be asked at a job interview, plus thebest answers. Also, review the oter questions you may be asked, so you're prepared to ace the interview.1. What is your greatest strength?（你最⼤的优势是什么？）This is one of the questions that employers almost always ask. When you are asked about your greatest strengths, it's important to discuss the attributes that will qualify you for the specific joband set you apart from the other candidates.Examples of Best AnswersI have an extremely strong work ethic. When I'm working on a project, I don't want just to meet deadlines. Rather, I prefer to complete the project well ahead of schedule. Last year, I evenearned a bonus for completing my three most recent reports one week ahead of time.I have extremely strong writing skills. Having worked as a copy editor for five years, I have astrong attention to detail when it comes to my writing. I have also written for a variety of publications, so I know how to shape my writing style to fit the task and audience. As amarketing assistant, I will be able to effectively write and edit press releases, and update web content with accuracy and ease.I am a skilled salesman with over ten years of experience. I have exceeded my sales goalsevery quarter and I've earned a bonus each year since I started with my current employer.I pride myself on my customer service skills and my ability to resolve what could be difficult situations. With five years of experience as a customer service associate, I have learned to effectively understand and resolve customer issues. On a related note, I also have strong communication skills, which helps me work well with customers, team members, andexecutives. I am known for being an effective team member with a talent for givingpresentations.【五部经典⼤⽚的经典台词汇总】（永久收藏）2. What is your greatest weakness? （你最⼤的缺点是什么？）Another typical question interviewers will ask is about your weaknesses. Do your best to frameyour answers around positive aspects of your skills and abilities as an employee.Examples of Best AnswersWhen I'm working on a project, I don't want just to meet deadlines. Rather, I prefer to completethe project well ahead of schedule.Being organized wasn't my strongest point, but I implemented a time management system thatreally helped my organization skills.I like to make sure that my work is perfect, so I tend to perhaps spend a little too much time checking it. However, I've come to a good balance by setting up a system to ensure everything is done correctly the first time.I used to wait until the last minute to set appointments for the coming week, but I realized that scheduling in advance makes much more sense.3. Tell me about yourself.（介绍⼀下⾃⼰。
四种疑问句汇总
疑问句（questions）指提出问题，请对方回答的句子。
疑问句句末要用问号。
按结构可分为四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
（一）一般疑问句1、一般疑问句概述一般疑问句（general questions），也可称为“yes/no” questions（是否型问句），因为它一般是由yes或no回答的，如：—Can you swim to the other side？你能游到对岸吗？—Yes, I can.是的，我能。
—No，I can’t.不，我不能。
—Have you locked the door？你锁门了吗？—Yes，I have.是的，锁了。
—No，I haven’t. 不，没有锁。
2一般疑问句的结构（1）基本的结构为：be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调，如：Are they your friends？他们是你的朋友吗？Does he go to school on foot？他是步行去上学吗？Will you be free tonight？你今晚有空吗？Can you play basketball？你会打篮球吗？（2）陈述句亦可用作一般疑问句，多用在非正式文体中，句末有问号，用升调，如：Somebody is with you？有人和你一起吗？He didn’t finish the work？他没有做完活吗？You are fresh from America，I suppose？我猜，你刚从美国回来吧？3、一般疑问句的答语（1）一般疑问句一般由yes或no来回答，如：—Are you tired？你累了吗？—Yes，I am.是的,累了。
—No, I’m not.不，不累。
—Does she do the cleaning？她扫除了吗？—Yes ，she does.是的，她打扫了。
—No，she doesn’t.不，她没打扫。
questions and answers
Typical questions on job interviews1.what’s your work experience?"work experience" is the type of work you've done in the past. If you haven't started working yet you can say "Right now I'm still a student." or "I'm a recent grad and I haven't started working yet." In the second sentence, "recent grad" is short for "recent graduate" and means that you have just finished school.请告诉我你过去的工作经验，工作经验就是你过去所做的工作。
如果尚未开始工作，就可以回答“Right now I'm still a student.”（现在我还是个学生。
）或者说“I'm a recent grad and I haven't started working yet.”（我刚刚毕业，还没有开始工作。
）“recent grad”是“recent graduate”的缩写，意思是刚刚毕业。
2.What's your greatest weakness?This is a popular question that western employers like to ask to make candidates nervous! In fact, they ask this to know how you respond to a difficult question. Y ou shouldn't answer by telling your greatest weakness since you might not get the job! Instead, you can tell them something that isn't directly related to the job position.你最大的缺点是什么？西方老板特别爱问这个问题，让面试者感到很紧张。
Questions & Answers
ＴＥ ＳＴｌ Ｇ Ｎ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ ＥＶ Ａ ＬＵ Ａ Ｔ１ Ｎ ０
Ｍｒ ｒｗｎｓ ａ ｌ ｅｙｌ ｇ ． 朗先 生 ｏ ’ｆ ｙｉ ｖｒ ｒｅ 布 Ｂ ｍ ｉ ｓ ａ “ … …之 间” 此处 表 示 学 生 的年龄 在 １ 在 ， １岁 到１ ８岁之 间； 此外 ， 可 以表 示 ｆ ｍ ｎ ａ 还 ｒ Ｍｏ ｄｙ ｏ 的家很大 。（ 大家庭 ） 指 ｏ ａ ｄｙ（ ｕ ， ｏ ｍｏｎ ｒ Ｍｙｆ ｌ ａｅｖ ｒ ｗｅ ．我 家 里 人 都 很 ｔ Ｓｔｒａ 从 星期 一 到 星 期 六 ）ｆ ｍ ｒ — ａ ｙ ｒ ｅｙ ｌ ｍｉ １
【 】 ｉ 示“ 的， 答 ｂｇ表 大 巨大 的” 常 指程度 、 ， 规 体 面 重 数 【 ４ 】 ｎ ｉ 的意思是“ 问 ７ｔ ｎ ｅ ｓ 网球”那“ ， 一个 范 围 、 模 、 积 、 积 、 量 、 量 等 还 可 表 示“ 大 ， 伟 重要” 意这 常 可与 ｌ ｇ 之 ａ ｅ互换 ， ｒ 多用 网球 ” 以说成 ａｔｎ ｓ吗？ 可 ｎ ｅｉ （ 天津 夏海燕 ） 于具体 的、 形 的人或 物 ， 有 其反 义词 为 ｌｔ ｉｌ ｔｅ和
【 】 答 句意为“ 这是一所英语学校 ， 学生的 讲 时是 单 数 ，谓 语 动词 也 要 用 单数 形 式 ； 作 “ 庭 成 员” 时是 复 数 的 ， 语 动词 要 用 复 年 龄在 １ 岁 到 １ 之 间。 其 中 ｔ 示 时 间 家 讲 谓 １ ８岁 ” ｏ表 时 ， 译 成 “ … … 到 … … ” 这 里 可 以意 为 翻 从 ， 数 形 式。如 ：
20 questions
20 questions20121304080 叶柔丽The person that I want to interview is a girl named Diao Xin. She is a third year student in GDUFS, whom set up a shop to sell the sanitary towel on her own at the beginning.The questions are as follows.1.Where are you from?2.What is your major in GDUFS?3.When did the idea catch you that you want to set up your shop to sell the sanitary towel?4.Why did you want to set up your shop?5.Why did you name your shop “Lolita”? Is there any meaning?6.How long did it take to realize your idea and open your shop?7.What is your preparation before the shop?8.Did your family know that your idea about setting up the shop?9.How much did it cost to set up your shop?10.Where did you get the money to set up the shop?11.How do you run the shop?12.What are the advantages and disadvantages about your shop?13.What difficulties did you meet while running your shop?14.What did you do to let people know your shop and improve the visibility?15.What special activities did your shop have to increase the turnover?16.It is said that you have a 10-people team now, so how did you develop your team?17.Can you talk me something about your team?18.How will you develop your shop further in the future?19.After graduation, will you continue your shop? And what will you want to do in the future?20.What are your suggestions to college students who want to start a business?She is a girl with a quiet appearance under a strongly powerful heart; she set up an exclusive shop selling sanitary towel in her dormitory at the beginning; she has made 60 thousand yuan with 700yuan start-up capital in a year; she even sold sanitary towel to boys. And she is Diao Xin, a third year student, majoring in finance in GDUFS.That day, she opened the door of Lolita, her exclusive shop in GDUFS Pioneer Park as usual. The shop with a nice name “Lolita”, is warm and sweet at first sight. Diao Xin named the shop after her English name, which means innocent and lovely girl. After cleaning up her shop, Diao Xin began to talk about her startup story.With an aspiration to start up her own business, Diao usually pay attention to all kinds of business messages very early on. Last summer vocation, when she was shopping in You Kang supermarket, an idea suddenly occurred to her that she can set up an exclusive shop to sell sanitary towel. She planned to provide home delivery service which not only can avoid girl s’ embarrassment but also provide convince to girls who have trouble in going out.No sooner said than done, and she buckled to achieve her goal, learning about various channels of distributor. Using 700 yuan saved from her living expenses, she brought some sanitary towel atwhole sale, and set up her shop in dormitory. In order to increase customers, she not only diversified the brand of sanitary towel, but also took great trouble to conduct door-to-door selling and pass out leaflets. In order to increase sales, she even sold sanitary towel to freshmen who were doing military training. What’s more, Diao caught the opportunity selling sanitary towel to boys. Under the name of Girl’s Day, she encouraged those boys to buy sanitary towel as a gift for the girl they love.Nowadays, Lolita has moved from her dormitory to GDUFS Pioneer Park. And she owns a 10-people team, in which each performs its own functions. Her team has taken part in some startup business competition and won prices. As for difficulties, Diao told that there is no difficulties that cannot be overcome, and she would never give up even until the last moment. When it comes to the future, Diao is full of confidence. She hoped that she can continue her business after graduation. In the future, she may want to enlarge her business and found a company. Where there is a will, there is a way.。
新编简明英语语言学教程 整理Questions
Anwser the following questions:1.Of the two media of language，why do you think speech is more basic than writing？In linguistic evolution，speech is prior to writing. In everyday communication，speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.Speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue，and writing is learned and taught later at school.2.What are the major differences between phonology and phonetics？They differ in their approach and focus. Phonetics is of a general nature；it is interested in all the speech sounds used in all human languages：how they are produced，how they differ from each other，what phonetic features they possess，how they can be classified. Phonology，on the other hand，is interested in the system of sounds of a particular language；it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.3.In what way can we determine whether a phone is a phoneme or not？A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another results in a change of meaning. If it does，the two sounds then represent different phonemes.4.What are the main features of the English compounds?Orthographically a compound can be written as one word, two separate words with or without a hyphen in between. Syntactically, the part of speech of a compound is determined by the last element. Semantically, the meaning of a compound is idiomatic, not calculable from the meanings of all its components. Phonetically, the word stress of a compound usually falls on the first element.5.Discuss the types of morphemes with examples.Free morphemes: They are the independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves, for example, “book-” in the word “bookish”.Bound morphemes: They are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word such as “-ish” in “bookish”. Bound morphemes can be subdivided into roots and affixes. A root is seen as part of a word; it can never stand by itself although it has a clear and definite meaning, such as “gene-” in the word “generate”. Affixes are of two types: inflectional and derivational. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as “-s” in the word “books” to indicate plurality of nouns. Derivational affixes are added to an existing form to create a word such a s “mis-” in the word “misinform”. Derivational affixes can also be divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes occur at the beginning of a word such as “dis- ” in the word “dislike”, while suffixes occur at the end of a word such as “-less” in the word “friendless”.6.What are the basic components of a sentence?Normally, a sentence consists of at least a subject and its predicate which contains a finite verb or a verb phrase.7.What are the advantages of using tree diagrams in the analysis of sentence structures?The tree diagram can not only reveal a linear order, but also a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents.8.What is NP movement? Illustrate it with examples.NP movement involves the movement of a noun phrase. NP-movement occurs when, for example, a sentence changes from the active voice to the passive voice:(A) The man beat the child. (B). The child was beaten by the man.B is the result of the movement of the noun phrases "the man" and "the child" from their original positions in (A) to new positions. That is, "the man" is postposed to the right and "the child" is preposed to the left. Not all instances of NP-movement, however, are related to changing a sentence from the active voice to the passive voice. For exam:(C) It seems they are quite fit for the job. (D) They seem quite fit for the job. These sentences are identical in meaning, but different in their superfi-cial syntactic representations. It is believed that they have the same underlying structure, but (27b) is the result of an NP movement.9.What are the major views concerning the study of meaning? How do they differ?One of the oldest was the naming theory, proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato, who believed that the words used in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for. The conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to. The form and the meaning are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind. Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts. Two kinds of context are recognized; the situational context and the linguistic context.10.Why do we say that a meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components?The meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components because it cannot be worked out by adding up all the meanings of its constituent words.As we know, there are two aspects to sentence meaning: grammatical meaning and semantic meaning. The meaning of a sentence is the product of both lexical and grammatical meaning. It is the product of the meaning of the constituent words and of the grammatical constructions that relate one word syntagmatically to another11.What is componential analysis? Illustrate it with examples.Componential analysis, proposed by structural semanticists, is a way to analyze word meaning. The approach is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components, which are called semantic features. Plus and minus signs are used to indicate whether a certain semantic feature is present or absent in the meaning of a word, and these feature symbols are usually written in capitalized letters. For example, the word “man”is analyzed as consisting of the semantic features of [+ HUMAN, + ADULT, + ANIMATE, +MALE].nguage is generally defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Explain it in detail.First of all, language is a system, because elements of language are combined according to rules. Secondly, language is arbitrary because there is no intrinsic connection between form and meaning, or between the sign and what it stands for. Different languages have different words for the same object in the world. This fact is a good illustration of the arbitrary nature of language. This also explains the symbolic nature of language: words are just symbols; they are associated with objects, actions, ideas, etc. by convention . Thirdly, language is vocal because the primary medium is sound for all languages, no matter how well - developed their writing systems are. 13.What are the major distinctions between langue and parole?The distinction between langue, and parole was made by the famous Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure early this century. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow while parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules. Langue is abstract; it is not the language people actually use, but parole is concrete; it refers to the naturally occurring language events. Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently; while parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.14.How do you understand competence and performance ?American linguist N. Chomsky in the late 1950’s proposed the distinction between competence and performance. Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. This internalized set of rules enables the language user to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous. According to Chomsky, performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Although the speaker’s knowledge of his mother tongue is perfect, his performances may have mistakes because of social and psychological factors such as stress, embarrassment, etc.. Chomsky believes that what linguists should study is the competence, which is systematic, not the performance, which is too haphazard.15.Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole seems similar to Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance. What do you think are their major differences?Although Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, they differ at least in that Saussure took a sociological view of language and his notion of langue is a mater of social conventions, and Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of vies and to him, competence is a property of the mind of each individual.16.Do you think human language is entirely arbitrary? Why?Language is arbitrary in nature, it is not entirely arbitrary, because there are a limited number of words whose connections between forms and meanings can be logically explained to a certain extent, for example, the onomatopoeia, words which are coined on the basis of imitation of sounds by sounds such as bang, crash,etc.. Take compounds for another example. The two elements “photo”and “copy”in “photocopy”are non-motivated, but the compound is not arbitrary.。
part 1.questions(execise)
5.Handwriting
Q:1.Do you often write thi2.Do you usually write by hand or computer? • 3.How often do you send e-mails? • What are the main reasons for sending? • 4.Do you think handwriting shows personality? • 5.Do you think computers might replace • handwriting?
ughing
• • • • • • • Q: 1.Do you like laughing? 2.What makes you laugh? 3.What is the difference between smile and laughing? 4.What is the relation between money and happiness?
2.Season
• • • • • Q: 1.Which season do you like the most ?Why? 2.Which season do you think is the most suitable for work or study? 3.How does the weather affect people?
13.Colour
• Q:1.What is your favorite colour? • 2.Are there any colors that have a special • meaning? • 3.Is colour very important when you buy • clothes? • 4.Do you prefer light or dark or bright colour? • 5.If you were to paint the wall of your house, what colour would you choose?
Interview Questions(Completed)
Interview Questions校园招聘面试问题工作创新在您所解决的问题中，有多少是没有明确的解决方案或过去案例作为参考的？您是如何解决这些问题的？请举例。
您认为您最好的创新／创意是什么？为什么？描述一下由您发起的最大的项目是什么？结果如何？您比较喜欢的解决问题的方式是什么？当您在做决定时，您所愿意承担的最大和最小风险是什么？工作动力您希望从工作中获得什么？您的短期和长期目标是什么？就您所申请的职位而言，最吸引您的是什么？您会如何面对您的上级给您的压力？请描述一个您经历过的需要同一个与您有不同意见的人合作的最具挑战性的例子。
您如何来决定您的职业选择？就工作而言，对您来说最有价值的是什么？综合素质您的最大的优势和劣势是什么？这些因素将会如何影响您在这里的表现？在您的大学生活中最大的成就是什么？为什么？对您来说，做什么样的决定是很困难的？为什么？您是如何来管理您的职业发展计划的？团队协助你在学校参加了哪些活动？为什么？在这些活动中你最喜欢什么？请介绍您曾与他人密切合作过的一个课程／工作经验／活动。
您是如何克服合作中的一些困难的？请描述一个您所在的团队曾面临严重问题的例子，您是如何帮助您的团队克服这些困难的？您比较喜欢的沟通方式是什么？当面对不同的人，您的沟通方式会有什么不同？您通常如何来处理团队中的不同意见？现在需要你和一个不太容易接近的人打交道，你会怎样去做？自主主动请举例描述您在团队中的责任。
为了做好你工作份外之事，你该怎样获得他人的支持和帮助？请描述您的一次坚持计划直到达到预期目标的经历，是怎样的一件事情？实施过程中你得到的最大的帮助是什么？你是怎样获得帮助的？请举例说明，您在学习上是如何通过改进学习方法提高学习成绩？在您所解决的问题中，有多少是没有明确的解决方案或过去案例作为参考的？您是如何解决这些问题的？请举例。
请列举在您曾经参与的项目／工作中，因为你的努力而使整个项目发生了什么样的变化？请告诉我你在什么情况下工作最有效率？Behavior Interview QuestionsCommunication & Interpersonal EffectivenessHave you ever had to “sell” an idea to your classmate? How did you do it? Did they accept your idea?Tell me about a recent successful experience in making a speech. How did you prepare? What obstacles did you face? How did you handle them?Give me an example of a time when you were able to successfully communicate with another person even when that individual may not have personally liked you.Tell me about a time when you had misunderstanding with your friends/parents. What actions did you take?Tell me a time when you had conflicts with others and what you did to solve the conflicts.InitiativeDescribe a situation in which you recognized a potential problem as an opportunity. What did you do? What was the result?Tell me about a project you initiated. What did you do? What was the outcome?Tell me about a pretty good idea you had in your life. What did that idea bring about?Give me an example that you got a very challenging target and you finally achieved the target through your hard work.Tell me about a case where you improved the current workprocess.TeamworkDescribe a situation where others you were working with on a project disagreed with your idea. What did you do?Tell me a time when you worked in a team for a project. What were the most important things you learned from that experience?Describe a situation when your personal goal conflicted with the team goal. What did you do on that?Tell me a time when you had to work on a team that did not get along. What happened? What role did you take? What was the result?IntegrityDescribe a time when you carelessly hurt someone’s feeling in the public. What did you do then?Tell me a situation when someone you respected or liked was cheating in the public. What was your feeling and what did you do?Discuss a time when your integrity was challenged. How did you handle it?Tell me a time when others cheated you? What did you do then?LeadershipWhat leadership roles did you take in the university? What did you learn from that experience?Tell me a time when you were in a position to make a decision. What did you do?Tell me about one of the best monitors you have had in your school life. Why do you think he/she is a good leader?Tell me about a team project when you took the leading role.What did you do? How did you do it? What was the result?。
question的用法 -回复
question的用法-回复Question的用法Introduction:In this article, we will explore the various aspects and usage of the word "question". From its definition to its application in different contexts, we will take a step-by-step approach to understand the significance of questioning in our daily lives.1. Definition of Question:A question can be defined as an inquiry or a request for information, clarification, or opinion. It is a fundamental tool for seeking knowledge and understanding.2. Types of Questions:Questions can be classified into different types based on their purpose or structure. Some common types include:a. Open-ended questions: These questions require more than just a yes or no response and encourage detailed answers. For example, "What are your thoughts on climate change?"b. Closed-ended questions: These questions have a limited set of predetermined answers, often requiring a simple yes or no response. For example, "Have you completed the task?"c. Multiple-choice questions: These questions provide a set of options from which respondents can choose their answers. For example, "Which of the following is a primary color?"d. Leading questions: These questions are framed in a way that suggests a particular answer or biases the respondent. For example, "Don't you agree that this movie is amazing?"3. Importance of Questioning in Education:Questions play a crucial role in education as they promote critical thinking, encourage active participation, and deepen understanding. They stimulate curiosity, challenge assumptions, and facilitate the exploration of various perspectives.4. The Role of Questions in Problem Solving:Questions act as a catalyst for problem-solving. They help identify the core issue, generate alternative solutions, and evaluate the best course of action. Through questioning, individuals can arrive atinnovative and effective solutions.5. The Art of Asking Thought-Provoking Questions:Crafting impactful questions is an art that requires precision and consideration. Thought-provoking questions inspire reflection, stimulate creativity, and encourage self-discovery. They open doors to new insights and perspectives.6. The Role of Questions in Communication:Effective communication relies on asking questions to gather information, express interest, and ensure clarity. Questions foster active listening, empathy, and understanding, creating a healthy and collaborative environment for effective communication.7. The Power of Questioning in Decision Making:Asking the right questions is essential for making informed decisions. Questions help gather relevant information, challenge assumptions, and evaluate options. They guide individuals and organizations in making thoughtful and well-informed choices.8. The Influence of Questions in Research:Research involves questioning existing knowledge, formulatinghypotheses, and seeking answers. Questions drive the research process, guiding researchers in collecting data, analyzing findings, and drawing conclusions.9. Questions that Inspire Growth and Learning:Asking questions that encourage personal growth and continuous learning is essential for self-development. Questions such as "What can I learn from this experience?" or "How can I improve?" push individuals to introspect and strive for personal and professional development.Conclusion:Questioning is a powerful tool that drives learning, fosters critical thinking, and fuels progress in various aspects of life. By asking thought-provoking questions, we can explore new possibilities, challenge assumptions, and expand our knowledge and understanding. Embracing the art of questioning enables us to navigate through life with curiosity, purpose, and growth.。
questions
1,1,1,31. Why does the student go to see the professor?To discuss the latest trends in the photography showsTo find out why some of her work was not selected for a showTo discuss how to get her photographs exhibitedTo find out about a student photography show on campus</Q>1,1,1,22 According to the professor, what is the best way to create work that is likely to be chosen for a showBy taking photographs that fit with current trendsBy following one’s own artistic viewsBy consulting experienced photographersBy learning what gallery owners are interested in</Q>1,1,1,33 What does the professor imply about photography created outside of the classroomIt is usually technically stronger than work created for a classIt tends to be more interesting than class workIt faces increased pressure to be trendyIt is more likely to be exhibited than is work created for a class</Q>1,2,2,1,34. According to the professor, what are two ways young photographers can market their work. Click on 2 answers Share examples of their work with othersHire a professional agent to sell their workDisplay their work in places other than galleryAsk a professor to recommend their work to gallery owners</Q>1,1,1,45. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the student say thisTo ask the professor to reevaluate her workTo indicate that she understands the importance of sharing her work○To show that she disagrees with the professor’s opinion○To suggest that her work has met the professor’s criteria</Q>1,1,1,26 What is the lecture mainly aboutRecent fossil evidence connecting whales and the hippopotamus Difficulties in the determining the evolutionary history of whales Similarities among ancient ancestors of whalesSimilarities between whales and other modern-day animals</Q>1,2,3,1,3,47 According to the professor, what three aspects of the Ambulocetus fossil make Ambulocetus a likely bridge between land mammals and sea mammals? Click on 3 answersIt had an elongated skeletal structureIt strongly resembled a modern hippopotamusIt had an unusually kind and thin tail for a whaleIt had limbs that could have been used for walkingIts skull had ear bones characteristic of land mammals</Q>1,1,1,18 According to the professor, what does the discovery of Ambulocetus mean to researchers?It fills a gap in the fossil evidence for whale evolutionIt has become less significant since the discovery of BasilosaurusIt call into doubt the theory that whale evolved from land mammalsIt suggests that whales evolved more recently than was previously believed</Q>1,1,1,29 What evidence suggests that whale are descendants of the hippopotamusSimilarities between hippopotamus fossils and the Ambulocetus fossilSimilarities in the genes of hippopotamuses and whales Similarities in the habitats of modern hippopotamuses and ancient whalesSimilarities in the skeletal structures of modern hippopotamuses and ancient whales</Q>1,1,1,310 What is the professor's opinion about recent genetic studies relating to whale evolution?They solve a long-standing mystery involving fossil evidenceThey contain significant errorsThey present evidence that conflicts with fossil evidence.The findings of the various studies should not have surprised researchers</Q>1,1,1,311. What does DNA evidence indicate about relationships among whales?All modern whales descend from sperm whalesDifferences among toothed whales are less significant that was previously thoughtNot all toothed whales are closely relatedSperm whale are more closely related to killer whales than was previously thought</Q>1,1,1,212 What is the main purpose of the lecture ?To describe the trade in food crops between Europe and Americas To describe the introduction of American food crops to Europeans To describe the influence of American food crops on traditional EuropeansTo describe the difficulties of growing American food crops in European climates</Q>1,1,1,413 What does the professor imply about certain plants in the nightshade family?They grow best in Mediterranean climatesTheir leaves are high in nutritional valueThey were mistakenly believed to be related to potatoesThey are dangerous when eaten by human beings</Q>1,1,1,114 What does the professor imply about Thomas Jefferson's attitude toward tomatoes?It was typical of his unconventional way of thinkingIt helped to advance his political careerIt changed the eating habits of North AmericansIt helped to make tomatoes popular in Europe</Q>1,1,1,215 According to the professor,what was the long-effect of the intorduction of American corn and potatoes to Europe?It had a negative effect on the nutritional intake of people living near the Mediterranean SeaIt contributed to a shift in the balance of power from southern Europe to northern EuropeIt encouraged the development of new types of cuisine in southern EuropeIt led to the failure of many native European grain crops</Q>1,1,1,116 According to the professor, what is one of the reasons why potatoes became popular in Ireland?Potatoes were more nourishing than native Irish food crops Potatoes grew better at higher altitudes than native Irish crops Political leaders in Ireland encouraged the cultivation of potatoes People in Ireland were not aware that potatoes are members of the nightshade family</Q>1,1,1,317. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. What can be inferred about the professor when she says thisShe expects the student to provide an answer to her questionShe is surprised by the student's questionShe thinks that she knows what the student was going to askShe expects other students in the class to express their opinions</Q>1,1,1,318. Why does the student go to the bookstoreTo purchase a book by Jane bowlesTo find out which books he need for a courseTo return a book that was originally assigned for a courseTo find out how to order a book for a course</Q>1,2,2,2,419. What is the store's policy about giving refunds on books? Clickon 2 answersBooks that are not for a specific course will receive a store credit instead of a refundCourse textbooks can be returned for a full refund early in the school semesterAll books must be returned within two weeks to be eligible for a full refundOnly books that are in new condition will get a full refund</Q>1,1,1,120. Why is the professor not going to discuss the book by Jane bowles in the class?There is not enough time left in the semesterNot all of the students were able to get a copy of the bookThe professor miscalculated the difficulty level of the boolThe book was not on the course syllabus</Q>1,1,1,121. What does the woman imply about the book written by Jane BowlesIt is worth readingIt focuses on a serious topicShe is not familiar with itShe read it for a literature class</Q>1,1,1,322. Why does the man mean when he says thisHe thinks the store's policy is too strict.He is happy that the woman has agreed to his requestHe is surprised at the woman's suggestion.He is annoyed that he needs to give the woman more information </Q>1,1,1,423. What is the main purpose of the lecture?To discuss environment phenomena that have changed the phosphorus cycleTo illustrate how interrupting the phosphorus cycle can affect the environmentTo describe how phosphorus ends up in the atmosphereTo explain how phosphorus gets recycled in the environment</Q>1,2,2,1,424. Which human activities that influence the phosphorus cycle does the professor mention? Click on 2 answersFishingBuilding dams on riversPolluting the oceansmarking and using fertilizer</Q>1,1,1,325. Why does the professor discuss underwater volcanoes?To describe the location of most of the phosphorus on EarthTo point out the difficulty of studying the phosphorus cycleTo describe a step in the phosphorus cycleTo illustrate the differences between two phases in the phosphorus cycle</Q>1,1,1,226. What can be inferred about the professor's view on phosphorus getting washed into rivers?She is unconcerned because phosphorus is a beneficial nutrient She is concerned about the quantity of phosphorus entering the waterwaysShe thinks that the amount of research conducted on the topic is excessiveShe is frustrated that most of her students are unaware of the phenomenon</Q>1,1,1,227. What comparison does the professor make involving phosphorus and nitrogen?Sediment on the ocean floor contains more nitrogen than phosphorusThe atmosphere contains more nitrogen than phosphorus Nitrogen requires more time to get recycled than phosphorus does Phosphorus is more important than nitrogen to the development of fish</Q>1,1,1,328. What does the professor mean when she says thisShe realizes that the students are struggling with the conceptShe is surprised that the student knew the answer to her question She thinks that the answer to the question is obviousShe thinks that this phase of the cycle has an unusual name</Q>1,1,1,129. What is the main purpose of the lecture?To discuss possible explanations for childhood amnesiaTo describe key features of childhood amnesiaTo explain methods of testing memory in children of different ages To discuss why the ability recall memories diminishes as a person ages</Q>1,1,1,130. Why does the professor ask student about their earliest memories?To help students relate to the topic she is about to discussTo establish that people vary in the time of their earliest memory To introduce the connection between language and memoryTo point out a common thin the earliest memories of most people </Q>1,1,1,231. What does the professor imply about some of the explanations for childhood amnesia that she describes?They can never be proved or disprovedThey were formed without proper evidenceThey explain only certain types of childhood amnesiaThey are contradicted by her own research</Q>2,5,5,1,2,1,1,232. The professor mentions some commonly held explanations for childhood amnesia. Indicate whether each of the following is one of the explanations she mentions. Click in the correct box for each phrase. This item is worth 2 pointsYes</C>No</C>Early memories are repressed</R>Young children have few experiences to remember</R>Young children are unable to form memories</R>Children lose memories at a faster rate than adults</R>Young children do not make an effort to remember events</R></Q>1,1,1,433. How was recall tested in children without language ability?By recording children 's responses to familiar facesBy observing children 's reaction to a repeated series of actionsBy having children imitate each other 's actionsBy having children imitate an ordered sequence of actions</Q>1,1,1,234. The professor mention a study in the 1980s that tested memory in children under age 3 .What did the researchers conclude from this study?Young children don’t develop the capacity for recall until after age 3Piaget's theory linking language development to memory was incorrectYoung children typically remember events for about nine months The formation of memories is dependent upon language development</Q>。
美国常问questions
Program and future planGroup 11) What will you study in the United States?2) What is your major? In what aspect of your major will you study?3) What will you do in USA?4) Are you going to study in USA?9) What do you want to study in USA?10) What will you do with your master’s degree?11) What is your purpose for the visa?54）What is your dream?14) What is your plan?15) Give me three reasons that you will come back to China?31) What is your ultimate academic goal?40) Do you plan to seek employment in the US after you have completed your studies?91) What will you do if yo u can’t find a position in the big company?94) You can also make more of this kind of money in US, why don't you want to earn more? 101) Will you come back to this company after graduation? (*)51）If you say you will be a teacher in the future, what will you teach?7) How long will you study in USA?58) Why do you change your major? (*)Group255) What is the thing you like best in America, or the thing you like best in China?56) Then what is the thing you don't like most about China?61) What do you think is the best/worst thing of the U.S?16) Can you explain why 90% Chinese students didn't come back?Why USA, Why Master, Why this Univ, Why this majorGroup118) Why do you like your major?49) What does your major mean?52) What's the difference between your major now and the major in USA?Group213) How do you know this Univ.?17) Why do you choose this Univ.?33) Why did you choose xxxxxx University? How much do you know about the university?Group319) Why do you want to study in USA?27) Why do you want go to the United States for further study?30) Many universities in the China offer first--rate graduate programs in xxx. Why do you want to go to the USA for graduate study?Group471)课程概述. Can you talk something about the course XX? (*)57) Can you give an example of your topic that is applied in our living?50) What will you study in this major? What courses?85) Who is your advisor?Group520) Why do you want to pursue a master's/doctoral degree?28) Why do you think it is time for you to pursue master's/doctoral degree now?Group6100) Is xxxxxxx the first university to give you an offer?32) How many institutions have you applied, and who are they? Did any other school admit you?48) Do you know which school is the best in your major? What else?Working6) What/where are you working now? (*)26) What have you done after you graduated from university? (*)45) Are you a worker or a student now?76) What is your current project in your company? (*) What are you responsible for in your present post? (*)77) How many years have your worked? (*)95) Where is your company located in? (*)Finance8) Have you any scholarship?35) What do your parents do?37) How do you support yourself during your studies in the United States?65) What kind of works you will do for this assistantship? What's your duty as a TA/RA? 79) What will you teach? (*)21) Why do you receive financial aid from this Univ.?38) Do you plan to seek financial support in the US? (*)Others42) What do you think of the West Development in China?43) How long have you prepared your visa interview? Have u prepared the interview in New Oriental?53) When are you going to enter US?81) Who do you think is the best president of the US?80) What is your favorite American movie?84) Do you think who is the greatest leader in the world? Why?109) If I cannot issue your visa this time, what will you do?常用单词：成绩单transcript, student record, study record. School record存款证明bank statement, bank deposit, bank certificate, certificate of deposit 营业执照business license公司介绍company introduction公司雇员company staff, employee分公司branch office大学毕业证，学位证graduation certificate, degree certificate高中毕业证high school certificate, graduation certificate大专毕业证3 year diploma, 3 year undergraduate graduation certificate自考self-study national exam/test预备课程项目preparation program学分credits教授professor专业major核心课程core courses general courses学费tuition fee生活费living expense住宿dormitory宿舍accommodation资助人sponsor学校school, university, college. institution爱好hobbies, interest空余时间spare time颜色color旅馆restaurant电影film, movie明星actor/actress历史名人famous person in history小说novel作者author, writer。
(2021年整理)reportedquestions
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直接引语变间接引语（直接引语为祈使句）注意：1、通常直接引语里含有please表示请求：ask sb (not) to do sth 例如：He said to me，‘Shut the window, please.’→He asked me to shut the window。
2、直接引语里不含please表示命令：tell sb （not） to do sth例如:The teacher said to the students,‘Stop talking!' → The teacher told the students to stop talking。
练习：把下列直接引语改为间接引语1.The doctor said to me, ‘d on’t drink too much。
'The doctor _____me _______________too much。
2.Mother said to him，‘d on’t cry!’Mother ________________________ 。
3.The doctor said to me，‘d on’t smoke。
’The doctor _____________ __________ 。
4.Jim said to him, ‘start at once.'Jim _______ him ______________ at once.5.Mother said to me, ‘d on’t tell a lie.'Mother _________________________________ a lie。
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1.模拟信号转化为数字信号要实现时间轴上的离散化和幅度上的量化，请简要叙述根据被
采样信号的特点如何从上述两个方面来选择合适的ADC？
2.简述量化噪声的特点？它与ADC的分辨率有何关系？
3.简述Nyquist采样定理？
4.量化噪声与被采信号的RMS值有何关系？如何调理被采信号和ADC的输入动态范围适
配？
5.在信号采样——处理——信号重建过程中，防混叠滤波器和信号重建滤波器应处在什么
位置？分别有何作用？
6.什么是ZOH波形重建？ZOH重建器中的信号重建滤波器理论上应该具有什么特点？
7.说明逐次逼近型ADC（Successive-approximation ADC）的原理和特点？
8.说明积分型ADC（Integration ADC）的原理和特点？
9.说明流水线ADC（Pipeline ADC，Sub-ranging ADC）的原理和特点？
10.画出基于1.5bit/Stage的四级Pipeline ADC的原理示意图，其中的数字校正处理的作用是
什么？
11.简述Σ-∆ ADC的组成结构和原理？
12.简述Σ-∆ ADC中的Σ-∆调制器的作用？
13.简述Σ-∆ ADC中的Σ-∆调制器后的数字滤波器的作用？
14.什么是ADC的采样孔径延迟和孔径晃动？
15.增益误差、偏移误差和非线性误差是常用来刻画ADC的变换误差的静态指标，请简要说
明什么是ADC的非线性误差（其中包括微分非线性DNL和积分非线性INL）？
16.什么是AD变换的动态范围（Dynamic Range）？
17.什么是ADC变换器的信噪比（SNR）和信号与噪声和畸变比（SINAD）？
18.为什么AD变换系统的有效位（ENOB）是ADC系统动态性能的全局性反映？
19.什么是ADC系统的有效位？
20.ADC有效位和理想量化噪声之间的关系？
21.画图说明传输线匹配的两种基本方式？每种方式有何特点？
22.传输线连接如下图，写出在终端和始端的电压发射系数？
23.“信号在传输线上的反射过程仅为瞬态过渡现象，它不影响稳态波形”，这句话对吗？
信号反射现象对高速电路设计有何影响？
24.如果传输线被高源阻抗（即源输出阻抗比传输线的特征阻抗高）的电压驱动器驱动，传
输线未作任何的匹配连接，请定性描述在传输线的始端被观察到的电压波形？
25.如果传输线被低源阻抗（即源输出阻抗比传输线的特征阻抗低）的电压驱动器驱动，传
输线未作任何的匹配连接，请定性描述在传输线的始端被观察到的电压波形？
26.什么是传输线的特征阻抗？
27.传输线末端的电容负载对传输的信号有何影响？
28.画出一驱动多负载的菊花链终端匹配连接示意图？标明要注意的要点？
29.总线系统接插件接口设计时要求接插件电路中的总线收发器尽量靠近总线插座，为什
么？
30.简要说明相比于TTL逻辑门电路，ECL逻辑门电路有何特点？
31.解释什么是逻辑电平的噪声容限（Noise Margin）？
32.画出ECL逻辑驱动传输线的终端完全匹配连接示意图？
33.下图是ECL逻辑驱动传输线的戴维宁等效匹配连接示意图，如何确定R1和R2之间的关
系？
34.画出ＥＣＬ逻辑差分驱动与接收的一种匹配连接方式？
35.在ＥＣＬ逻辑连接中，一个通用规则是下冲量不能超过１０％逻辑摆幅，上冲量不应超
过３５％逻辑摆幅，解释为什么？
36.什么是ＴＴＬ逻辑门的“线与”逻辑功能，什么是ＥＣＬ逻辑门的“线或”逻辑功能？
37.写出PECL和NECL之间的电平换算方法
38.如何估算数字逻辑信号传输对传输电缆带宽的要求？
39.什么是数字信号的Knee频率？
40.解释什么是系统的-3dB带宽和RMS（等效噪声）带宽？
41.在高速信号测量中，示波器探头较长的接地线会给测量带来什么不利影响？
42.在高速信号测量中，示波器探头的负载效应会给测量带来什么不利影响？
43.在高速信号测量中，示波器与被测电路之间的地环路有可能给测量带来什么不利影响？
44.画出利用示波器双通道实现信号差分测量的连接示意图？该方法能够避免什么问题？
45.高速电路板设计时，大面积的地平面尤其重要。
为什么？
46.高速电路板设计时，各芯片电源引脚的去耦电容为什么很有必要？
47.高速电路板设计时，大面积地平面、大面积电源平面和足够多的电源去耦电容有什么好
处？
48.什么是高速电路板中的互容和互感串扰，如何在电路板的布局和布线中尽量减小这些串
扰？
49.高速电路板上长线之间互感耦合的串扰信号有什么特点？
50.高速电路板上长线之间互容耦合的串扰信号有什么特点？
51.画出基于锁相环的频率合成器的组成原理框图，简要说明原理？
52.什么是时钟信号的Jitter和Skew？对高速电路设计有何不利影响？举例说明一些减小
Jitter和Skew的电路设计方法？。