代词难点一点通概要

代词难点一点通

no adj. & adv.

△ No the teachers went on strike.×

There are no any students in the classroom. ×

1.修饰可数名词单数时，no = not a

I have no friends. = I don’t have a friend.

There’s no bus. = There’s not a bus.

2. 修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词时，no = not any

Ther e are no people in the room. = There aren’t any people in the room.

I have no time. = I have not any time.

There is no water in the glass. = There isn’t any water in the glass.

3. no修饰名词时，这个名词前不能有冠词 (a / the)、物主代词(my / your…)、指示代词(this / that) 或all / every，如果有，要改为none of…。

none of = not any of

None of my friends came to the party. = Not any of my friends came to the party. No teachers went out. (不说No the teachers went out.)

none 指人或指物, 其后常接of短语。

none of + 复数名词（或代词），其后的动词单复均可。

none of + 物质名词或抽象概念，其后的动词要用单数。

None of them have / has seen him.

None of this money belongs to me.

None of her relations are / is interested.

none 还可以单独使用，如：

“Is there any coal left?”“No, none at all.”

“How many students are there in the classroom?”“None.”

“How many of the books have you read?”“None at all.”

“How much water left is there in the bottle?”“None.”

比较：No one thinks he is clever. (= Nobody thinks he is clever.) No one knows what they fought about.

No one likes a person with bad manners.

“Who are you speaking to?”“No one.” (or: Nobody)

“Who(m) did you see enter the lonely house?”“Nobody.” (or: No one)

△ No one of us attended the meeting. ×

I’ve read no one of his books.×

1. none 用来指人或物；no one (= nobody) 主要用来指人 (= not even one 意为：连一个也没有，语气重)。

2. none常接of 短语；no one 不能接of 短语。

3. 作主语时，none 后面的名词为复数时，动词可用单数或复数；no one 只用作单数，动词也用单数。

4. none 往往用在一定的范围内；no one 没有范围限制。

5. 回答who引导的问句用no one或nobody；回答how many或how much引导的问句用none。

6. 当谈到两个人或事时，不用no 或none，而用 neither。

much / many

△John’s got many friends because he’s got much money.

Tom talks much.

1．much 修饰不可数名词，many 修饰可数名词，它们多用在否定句或疑问句中；在肯定句中多用a lot of, lots of, plenty of，如：

Are there many people in the street? (改用any意思不同)

Tom hasn’t many books. (改用any意思不同)

He doesn’t know much English.

Did you have much trouble with the customs?

2．many 和many 在较为正式的文体中可以用在肯定句中，特别是在句首时，如：

Many machines at the exhibition are made in China.

Much steel has been saved.

3．在肯定句中，在too, so, as之后，以及在某些含有very的词语中，常用many和much，这是正常的，如：

Tom talks too much.

There’s so much violence these days.

Try to get as many opinions as you can.

You’ve bought too many tomatoes.

4．在由whether / if 引导的从句中，要用many或much。

They doubt whether he has much knowledge on that subject.

few / a few

Tom has a few friends besides you. (作定语)

Tom has a few friends besides you.

Few of them are any good. (作主语)

A few of them are good.

I know few of these people. (作宾语)

I know few of these people.

1． few修饰可数名词复数。

2． few (= not many; hardly any)含否定意义；a few (= some; several; a small number of) 含肯定意义。

3． not a few = no few = quite a few = a good few = many。

4．当 few受 every, last, past, next, some, very等词所修饰时，表示肯定意义，few 之前不再有冠词。如：

In the last few minutes, he checked up his paper again.

It took us some few days to repair the machine.

They are very few in number.