(4)Manufacturing FPY billingual (020525)
机械工程英语第二版part2unit8翻译加词组
Unit 8 Flexible Manufacturing Systems What Is FMS?FMS是什么?Definitions of FMS, or Flexible Manufacturing Systems, are plentiful and in many respects are dependent on the ultimate user's point of view as to what the FMS consists of and how it will be used. However, the following represent a collection of FMS definitions, some traceable and some not traceable to their originating source.关于柔性制造系统，有很多不同的定义，多数情况下，如何对其定义依赖于其使用者对其组成部分和使用方法的个人看法。
然而，接下来的描述是对FMS 定义的概括，那就是有缘可循和无源可寻的资源。
1) United States Government. A series of automatic machine tools or items of fabrication equipment linked together with an automatic material handling system, a common hierarchical digital pre-programmed computer control, and provision for random fabrication of parts or assemblies that fall within predetermined families.美国政府，一系列自动机床或自动材料处理系统，一个共同的分层预先设定的数字电脑控制，并随机制造的零件或装配，在预定的家庭内的条文，一并与设备制造项目。
新会计准则会计科目中英文对照表
资产类Assets流动资产Current assets货币资金Cash and cash equivalents1001 现金Cash1002 银行存款Cash in bank1009 其他货币资金Other cash and cash equivalents '100901 外埠存款Other city Cash in bank'100902 银行本票Cashier's cheque'100903 银行汇票Bank draft'100904 信用卡Credit card'100905 信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits'100906 存出投资款Refundable deposits1101 短期投资Short-term investments'110101 股票Short-term investments - stock'110102 债券Short-term investments - corporate bonds'110103 基金Short-term investments - corporate funds'110110 其他Short-term investments - other1102 短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves 应收款Account receivable1111 应收票据Note receivable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance1121 应收股利Dividend receivable1122 应收利息Interest receivable1131 应收账款Account receivable1133 其他应收款Other notes receivable1141 坏账准备Bad debt reserves1151 预付账款Advance money1161 应收补贴款Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable库存资产Inventories1201 物资采购Supplies purchasing1211 原材料Raw materials1221 包装物Wrappage1231 低值易耗品Low-value consumption goods1232 材料成本差异Materials cost variance1241 自制半成品Semi-Finished goods1243 库存商品Finished goods1244 商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price 1251 委托加工物资Work in process - outsourced1261 委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis 1271 受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis1281 存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves1291 分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods bystages1301 待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses长期投资Long-term investment1401 长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks'140101 股票投资Investment on stocks'140102 其他股权投资Other investment on stocks1402 长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds '140201 债券投资Investment on bonds'140202 其他债权投资Other investment on bonds1421 长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves 股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves债权投资减值准备Bcreditor's rights investment depreciation reserves 1431 委托贷款Entrust loans'143101 本金Principal'143102 利息Interest'143103 减值准备Depreciation reserves1501 固定资产Fixed assets房屋Building建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment运输设备Transportation facilities工具器具Instruments and implement1502 累计折旧Accumulated depreciation1505 固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves1601 工程物资Project goods and material'160101 专用材料Special-purpose material'160102 专用设备Special-purpose equipment'160103 预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment'160104 为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate1603 在建工程Construction-in-process安装工程Erection works在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process技术改造工程Technical innovation project大修理工程General overhaul project1605 在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves 1701 固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets1801 无形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights土地使用权Tenure商誉Goodwill1805 无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves1815 未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income1901 长期待摊费用Long-term deferred and prepaid expenses1911 待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income '191101待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income'191102待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or income二、负债类Liability短期负债Current liability2101 短期借款Short-term borrowing2111 应付票据Notes payable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance2121 应付账款Account payable2131 预收账款Deposit received2141 代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue2151 应付工资Accrued wages2153 应付福利费Accrued welfarism2161 应付股利Dividends payable2171 应交税金Tax payable'217101 应交增值税value added tax payable'21710101 进项税额Withholdings on VAT'21710102 已交税金Paying tax'21710103 转出未交增值税Unpaid VAT changeover'21710104 减免税款Tax deduction'21710105 销项税额Substituted money on VAT'21710106 出口退税Tax reimbursement for export'21710107 进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT'21710108 出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax'21710109 转出多交增值税Overpaid VAT changeover '21710110 未交增值税Unpaid VAT'217102 应交营业税Business tax payable'217103 应交消费税Consumption tax payable'217104 应交资源税Resources tax payable'217105 应交所得税Income tax payable'217106 应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable'217107 应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable'217108 应交房产税Housing property tax payable'217109 应交土地使用税Tenure tax payable'217110 应交车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) payable'217111 应交个人所得税Personal income tax payable2176 其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying 2181 其他应付款Other payables2191 预提费用Drawing expense in advance其他负债Other liabilities2201 待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value2211 预计负债Anticipation liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities2301 长期借款Long-term loans一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year2311 应付债券Bonds payable'231101 债券面值Face value, Par value'231102 债券溢价Premium on bonds'231103 债券折价Discount on bonds'231104 应计利息Accrued interest2321 长期应付款Long-term account payable应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year 一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year 2331 专项应付款Special payable一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year 一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year2341 递延税款Deferral taxes 三、所有者权益类OWNERS' EQUITY资本Capita3101 实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本Paicl-up capital实收股本Paid-up stock3103 已归还投资Investment Returned公积3111 资本公积Capital reserve'311101 资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(or Stock) premium'311102 接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receive non-cash donate reserve'311103 股权投资准备Stock right investment reserves'311105 拨款转入Allocate sums changeover in'311106 外币资本折算差额Foreign currency capital'311107 其他资本公积Other capital reserve3121 盈余公积Surplus reserves'312101 法定盈余公积Legal surplus'312102 任意盈余公积Free surplus reserves'312103 法定公益金Legal public welfare fund'312104 储备基金Reserve fund'312105 企业发展基金Enterprise expension fund'312106 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment 利润Profits3131 本年利润Current year profits3141 利润分配Profit distribution'314101 其他转入Other chengeover in'314102 提取法定盈余公积Withdrawal legal surplus'314103 提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds '314104 提取储备基金Withdrawal reserve fund'314105 提取企业发展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion'314106 提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers' bonus and welfare fund'314107 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment'314108 应付优先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable'314109 提取任意盈余公积Withdrawal other commonaccumulation fund'314110 应付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable '314111 转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change to assets(or stock)'314115 未分配利润Undistributed profit 四、成本类Cost4101 生产成本Cost of manufacture'410101 基本生产成本Base cost of manufacture'410102 辅助生产成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture4105 制造费用Manufacturing overhead材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam税费Taxes and dues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance油料费Vehicles maintenance培训费Education and training接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Books and printing运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption劳动保护费Labor protection fees季节性停工损失Loss on seasonality cessation4107 劳务成本Service costs五、损益类Profit and loss 收入Income业务收入OPERATING INCOME5101 主营业务收入Prime operating revenue产品销售收入Sales revenue服务收入Service revenue5102 其他业务收入Other operating revenue材料销售Sales materials代购代售包装物出租Wrappage lease出让资产使用权收入Remise right of assets revenue返还所得税Reimbursement of income tax其他收入Other revenue5201 投资收益Investment income短期投资收益Current investment income长期投资收益Long-term investment income计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 5203 补贴收入Subsidize revenue国家扶持补贴收入Subsidize revenue from country其他补贴收入Other subsidize revenue5301 营业外收入NON-OPERATING INCOME非货币性交易收益Non-cash deal income现金溢余Cash overage处置固定资产净收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets出售无形资产收益Income on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘盈Fixed assets inventory profit罚款净收入Net amercement income支出Outlay业务支出Revenue charges5401 主营业务成本Operating costs产品销售成本Cost of goods sold服务成本Cost of service5402 主营业务税金及附加Tax and associate charge 营业税Sales tax消费税Consumption tax城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities 资源税Resources tax土地增值税Increment tax on land value5405 其他业务支出Other business expense销售其他材料成本Other cost of material sale其他劳务成本Other cost of service其他业务税金及附加费Other tax and associate charge 费用Expenses5501 营业费用Operating expenses代销手续费Consignment commission charge 运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium展览费Exhibition fees广告费Advertising fees5502 管理费用Adminisstrative expenses职工工资Staff Salaries修理费Repair charge低值易耗摊销Article of consumption办公费Office allowance差旅费Travelling expense工会经费Labour union expenditure研究与开发费Research and development expense福利费Employee benefits/welfare职工教育经费Personnel education待业保险费Unemployment insurance劳动保险费Labour insurance医疗保险费Medical insurance会议费Coferemce聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs咨询费Consult fees诉讼费Legal cost业务招待费Business entertainment技术转让费Technology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees排污费Pollution discharge fees房产税Housing property tax车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT)土地使用税Tenure tax印花税Stamp tax5503 财务费用Finance charge利息支出Interest exchange汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss各项手续费Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost5601 营业外支出Nonbusiness expenditure捐赠支出Donation outlay减值准备金Depreciation reserves非常损失Extraordinary loss处理固定资产净损失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产损失Loss on sales of intangible assets 固定资产盘亏Fixed assets inventory loss债务重组损失Loss on arrangement罚款支出Amercement outlay5701 所得税Income tax以前年度损益调整Prior year income adjustment。
先进制造技术概述42
3、集成技术
第三个层次是先进制造集成技术。这 是应用信息、计算机和系统管理技术对上 述两个层次的技术局部或系统集成而形成 的先进制造技术的高级阶段。如：FMS、 CIMS、IMS等。
以上三层次都是先进制造技术的组成 部分，但其中每一个层次都不等于先进制 造技术的全部。
先进制造技术的特点
1、先进性
先进制造技术构成
1、基础技术
第一层次是优质、高效、低耗、清洁基础 制造技术。经过优化的基础工艺如铸造、锻压 、焊接、热处理、表面保护、机械加工等。
2、新型的制造单元技术
第二个层次是新型的先进制造单元技术。 这是在市场需求及新兴产业的带动下，制造技 术与电子、信息、新材料、新能源、环境科学 、系统工程、现代管理等高新技术结合而形成 的崭新的制造技术。
2、从单件生产方式发展成大量生产方式
➢ 泰勒首先提出了以劳动分工和计件工资制为 基础的科学管理，成为制造工程科学的奠基 人。
➢ 福特首先推行所有零件都按照一定的公差要 求来加工（零件互换技术），实现了以刚性 自动化为特征的大量生产方式，它对社会结 构、劳动分工、教育制度和经济发展，都产 生了重大的作用。
现代设计技术
① 计算机辅助设计技术
有限元法、优化设计、反求工程、模糊智能CAD、工程 数据库等。
② 性能优良设计基础技术
可靠性设计；安全性设计；动态分析与设计；防断裂设 计；疲劳设计；防腐蚀设计；减摩和耐磨损设计；健壮 设计；耐环境设计；维修性设计和维修性保障设计；测 试性设计；人机工程设计等。
先进制造技术的内涵及技术构成
内涵：“使原材料成为产品而采用的一系列 先进技术”，其外延则是一个不断发展更新 的技术体系，不是固定模式，它具动态性和 相对性，因此，不能简单地理解为就是CAD 、CAM、FMS、CIMS等各项具体的技术。
2020年考研笔译常用词汇_工业
activity ratios 经营比率allowances for maintenance 维修费brand label 商标贴纸business license 营业执照capitalization ratios 资本结构比率car repair and assembly plant 汽车修配厂charger bracket 充电座支架collective stewardship 集体管理commercial/residential complex 商住综合楼comprehensive subareas 综合分区contractual project 承包工程debt to equity ratio 负债股本比率depreciation allowances 折旧费discounted cash flow models 折现值现金流量模型elaborately transformed manufactures 精加工electrical machinery factory 电机厂equity reversion 权益回收finance costs 融资成本fiscal allotment 财政拨款floor area 建筑面积gas guzzler 油耗量大的汽车generic products 非商标（非专利）产品go through the formalities 办手续government assignment 政府划拨Grant Contract of Land Use Right 土地使用权出让合同grant or transfer 出让或转让heavy m achinery p lant 重型机械厂highly processed goods 深加工产品high-voltage/high-tension wire 高压电线income tax shelter 收入税的庇护industrial cluster 产业集群industrial optimization 产业优化Internet phone industry 网络电话业inward investment 对内投资joint chamber of commerce and industry 联合工商会land efficiency 土地效益land use certificate 土地使用证land use term 土地使用期lead-edge technologies 领先技术location classification 地段等级major repair depreciation expenses 大修折旧费manufactured i nventory 成品库存manufacturing expenses 制造费用metallurgical industry 冶金产业mortgage lender 抵押放贷者on a r esidual b asis 剩余法on the basis of capitalization 资本还原法pillar industry 支柱产业pioneering enterprises 龙头企业planning approval 规划许可planning permit of construction engineering 建设工程规划许可证plot ratio 容集率precision m achine t ool 精密机床pre-requisitioned land 预征土地professional fee 专业人员费（指勘察设计费等）project a pproval 项目许可projecting parameter 规划参数property trust 物业信托ratio of current assets to current liability 流动资产与流动负债比率ratio of current assets to fixed assets 流动资产与固定资产比率reciprocal holdings 互相控股reconstruction of old area 旧区改造recoverable cost/debt/loss 可收回成本/债务/损失red balance 赤字结余reform of the property rights system 产权制度改革registered capital 注册资本registration of establishment 开办登记registration of property right 产权登记rules-of-thumb techniques 经验法sales proceeds 销售收益site coverage 建筑密度strata-title 分层所有权structural readjustment 结构调整subsidies and grants 津贴和拨款surplus capacity 生产能力过剩title document 契约文书Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation (TILF) 贸易和投资自由化和便利化unpaid mortgage balance 抵押贷款欠额water conservancy project 水利工程wealth maximization 最大限度地增加财产Growth in profit has become more difficult to achieve due to increased competition.由于竞争的加剧，利润增长变得更加困难。
制造业 英文 财务 报告 附注
制造业英文财务报告附注Manufacturing Industry Financial Report NotesIn this section, we will provide detailed notes on the financial statements of the manufacturing industry for the current fiscal year. These notes are intended to provide additional information and context to the financial statements, as well as explanations for certain accounting policies and practices.Revenue RecognitionThe manufacturing industry recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. This may include sales of goods, rendering of services, or other revenue-generating activities.Cost of Goods SoldCost of goods sold includes all direct costs associated with the production of goods, including materials, labor, and overhead. Indirect costs such as depreciation andfactory overhead are also allocated to the cost of goods sold.Inventory ValuationInventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost may be determined using various methods such as FIFO (first-in, first-out), LIFO (last-in, first-out), or weighted average cost.DepreciationDepreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The manufacturing industry may use different depreciation methods for different types of assets, such as machinery and equipment, buildings, and vehicles.Income TaxesIncome taxes are accounted for using the liability method, which recognizes taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assetsfor the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements.Foreign Currency TranslationFor manufacturing companies with international operations, foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rate on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency financial statements are translated into the reporting currency using the current exchange rates at the balance sheet date.Contingent LiabilitiesManufacturing companies may have contingent liabilities, such as warranties, product recalls, or legal claims. These liabilities are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements if the likelihood of an outflow of resources is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.Capital ExpendituresCapital expenditures for the manufacturing industry include investments in property, plant, and equipment, as well as other long-term assets that are used in the production process. These expenditures are typically disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.Employee BenefitsEmployee benefits may include salaries, wages, bonuses, and contributions to retirement and healthcare plans. The manufacturing industry may provide additional informationon the nature and costs of these benefits in the notes to the financial statements.Overall, the manufacturing industry's financial report notes provide valuable insight into the company's financial performance, accounting policies, and potential risks and uncertainties.制造业财务报告附注在本节中，我们将对本财政年度制造业的财务报表提供详细的附注。
1(4)Manufacturing FPY billingual (020202)
Rework: Products that did not pass the first time ,which has been reprocessed or rechecked
废品：生产过程中产生的，不能做为成品的部分。
Scrap: Useless product and material which cannot be used to make the final products( exclude residues)
Baseline=94.5%
基线设立的依据
2001年12月和2002年第一.二周一次通过率平均值
Average of Dec 2001 and first 2 weeks of 2002 data
能力可达绩效
Entitlement
一次通过率为96.5%
Entitlement=96.5%
可达绩效设立依据
衡量指标计算公式
及图表生成
成品－返工品output－rework
一次通过率（周）FPY(Weekly) =×100%
成品+废品output + scrap
成品:所有入成品库的产品。
Output: The quantity of all finished product that delivery to finished product warehouse.
Detailed data reviewed monthly in the CFT and review the updated Cockpit Charts at the first CFT meeting monthly. CFT Measurement Specialist will prepare the weekly data charts and the Cockpit Chart.Panel owners will insure data is input to the Measurement Specialist on time
外企科目中英文对照
外企科目中英文对照预付帐款-存货 downpayment made for inventories在途物资 Goods in transit原材料-铝 Raw Material - Aluminium原材料-其他BOM外辅料 Auxiliary materials not in BOM包装材料-已列入物料清单 Packaging Material in BOM包装材料-未列入物料清单 Packaging Material not in BOM低值易耗品-消耗品 LVA-expendable items半成品 Semi-finished goods在制品(生产定单) Work in process(production orders)产成品 Finished goods外购商品 Trading goods存货跌价准备-材料 Provision-value decline of material存货跌价准备-半成品 Provision-value decline of semi-finished存货跌价准备-产成品 Provision-value decline of finished good发出商品 Goods sent out待摊费用 Deferred expenses机械及设备租赁 (IFRS) Machinery and equipment lease (IFRS)机械及设备(IFRS) Machinery and equipment (IFRS)无形资产减值准备(本地) Provision-impairment loss-intangi. Asset(LOCAL) 经营活动长期待摊费用 Long term operating deferred expenses短期借款-财务公司 Short-term loan - SAIC Finance无发票物料应付款项 Payable for material without invoice应付帐款-寄售 Consignment payables应付账款-国内 Accounts payable-domestic应付账款-国外 Accounts payable-foreign应付账款-关联公司 Accounts payable associated companies预收账款 Downpayment received应付工资-上年结转 Salary payable to employee-prior year应付工资-应计 Accrual salary expenses应付福利费-应计 Accrued welfare expenses应交增值税-进项税额 Input VAT应交增值税-已交税金 VAT paid应交增值税-转出未交增值税 Transfer-out of unpaid VAT应交增值税-减免税款 VAT deductions and exemptions应交增值税-销项税额 Output VAT应交增值税-出口退税 Refund of export VAT应交增值税-进项税额转出 Transfer-out of input VAT应交增值税-出口抵减内销产品应纳税 Export duty deductible-domestic sales应交增值税-转出多交增值税 Transfer-out of overpaid VAT应交增值税-未交增值税 Unpaid VAT应交消费税 excise tax payable应交所得税 income tax payable应交车船使用税 vehicle tax payable应交个人所得税(代扣代缴) Individual Income tax payable应交关税 Custom Duty payable其他应交款-河道管理费 riverway management charges其他应付款项-公积金，养老金 other payables-housing fund其他应付款项-教育基金 other payables-training funds其他应付款项-医疗保险 other payables-medical insurance其他应付款项-失业保险 other payables-unemployment insurance其他应付款项-工会经费 other payables-trade union其他应付款项-其他(员工) other liabilities to employees其他投资活动应付款 other payable for investing activities预提费用-利息费用 Accrued interest expense预提费用-维修费 Accrual-maintenance预提费用-技术开发费 Accrual-royalties and developing expense预提费用-租赁费 Accrual-leasing expense预提费用-产品质保三包费用 Accrual-warranty expense原材料消耗-其他组件 Raw material consumption-Other component列入物料清单内包装材料消耗 Consumption packaging material in BOM 半成品消耗 Consumption semi-finished goods物料差异 Material variance采购价格差异 Purchasing price variance物料用量差异 Material usage variance报废原材料-其他组件 Scrap Raw Material Other Components报废已列入物料清单包装材料 Scrapping Packaging Material in BOM报废半成品 Scrapping semi-finished goods完工结转(生产订单) Manufacturing output半成品库存变动(委外结转) Inventory change unfinished good(w/o CE) 生产产出差异 manufacturing output variance外部加工费(委外) External processing cost(without time)外协加工工序 Extended work bench能源-电费 energy-electricity能源-天然气费 energy-natural gas能源-水费 energy-water能源-汽油及其他油类 energy-gasoline and oil一年内到期的长期借款 Long-term loan due within one year应付融资租赁款项(IFRS) Payable for capital leasing(IFRS)应付融资租赁款项(本地) Payable for capital leasing(Local)股本 capital stock资本公积-其他资本公积 other capital reserve盈余公积-法定公积 legal surplusreserve盈余公积-任意公积 discretionary surplusreserve盈余公积-法定公益金 statutory public welfare fund留存收益 retained earning利润分配-其他转入 profit allocation-transfered from others利润分配-提取法定盈余公积 profit allocation-legal surplus reserves利润分配-提取法定公益金 profit allocation-statutory welfare fund利润分配-提取职工奖励及福利基金 profit allocation-emplyee welfare fund 利润分配-提取任意盈余公积 profit allocation-discretionary surplus reserve利润分配-应付普通股股利 profit allocation-dividend payable利润分配-转作资本 profit allocation-transfer into capital本年利润 undistributed profit直接人工-岗位工资 Direct labor post salary直接人工-绩效工资及奖金 Direct labor-Bonus wages直接人工-加班费 Direct labor-Overtime premiums直接人工-社保费用及法定津贴 Direct labor-Statutory social expense预提直接人工费用 Accrual expenses - wages直接人工福利费-伙食费用及补贴 wages welfare - expensesfor food直接人工福利费-托费 wages welfare - subsidy for kindergarten直接人工福利费-子女及家庭补贴 wages welfare - subsidy for bady,family 直接人工福利费-职工疗养费 wages welfare - employee recuperate直接人工福利费-医务人员工资 wages welfare-salary infirmary employee 直接人工福利费-医药费用及补贴 wages welfare - medical expenses直接人工福利费-其他 wages welfare - others直接人工福利费-补充养老金 wages welfare - additional pension预提直接人工福利费 Accrual expenses - wages welfare管理人员–加班费 Salary-overtime premiums管理人员–绩效工资及奖金 Salary-bonus salary管理人员-岗位工资 Salary-post salary管理人员–社保费用及法定津贴 Salary-Social security payments预提管理人员工资 Accrual expense- salary管理人员福利费-伙食费用及补贴 salary welfare-expenses for food管理人员福利费-托费 salary welfare-subsidy for kindergarten管理人员福利费-子女及家庭补贴 salary welfare-subsidy for family管理人员福利费-职工疗养费 salary welfare-employee recuperate管理人员福利费-医务人员工资 salary welfare-salaryinfirmary employees 管理人员福利费-医药费用及补贴 salary welfare-medical expenses管理人员福利费-其他 salary welfare-others管理人员福利费-补充养老金 additional pension预提管理人员福利费 Accrual expense- salary welfare外方人员工资 Expatriate salary交通补贴 Transportation allowance班车费 Company bus expenses工会费 Trade union expense培训费 Training expense生产类劳务费 personal leasing expenses production失业保险费 unemployment insurance expense公积金 housing fund劳动保护费 labor protection expense培训费 training expense医疗保险费 medical insurance养老金 Pension费用工报酬 back staff expenses折旧(IFRS) Depreciation on tangible assets(IFRS)无形资产摊销(本地) Depreciation on intangible assets(local)机器及设备维修费 Machinery and equipment maintenance运输费(进货) -国内 Incoming freight-domestic运输费(进货) -国外 Incoming freight- foreign运输费(内部) Interplant freight运费(出货)-国内 Outgoing freights domestic运费(出货)-国外 outgoing freight - foreign保险 Insurance土地租赁费 leasing(land)仓库及房屋租赁费 leasing storage & building办公设备租赁费 leasing office equipment机械及设备租赁费 leasing machinery and equipment消耗-未列入物料清单包装材料 Consumption Package Material not in BOM 消耗-易耗品 Consumption Expendable Items消耗-备件 Comsumption Spare parts消耗-未列入物料清单辅料 Consumption aux.material not in BOM其他低值易耗品 spare part and small tools润滑剂消耗 Lubricant报废-未列入物料清单包装材料 Scrap packaing material not in BOM报废-易耗品 Scrap expendable items报废-备件 Scrap spare parts报废-未列入物料清单辅料 Scrap aux.material not in BOM办公用品 Office supplies产成品领用(非销售) Consumption finished goods(cost element)差旅费 travel expenses交通费 traffic and commuting expenses domestic业务招待费 business entertainment出国差旅费 travel expenses for abroad trip会议费 cost external entertainment试验检验费 Testing expense其他外部服务费用 Other external service咨询费 consulting fee佣金 commision包装费 packaging expenses展览费 exhibition expenses广告费 advertisement expenses产品质保三包费用-一般费用 warranty general产品质保三包费用-预提费用 provision for warranty其他费用 other expenses企业宣传费 corporate publicity expenses厂区维护费 building maintenance车船使用税 vehicle tax税费(印花税) fees and tax(stamp duty)河道管理费 fees for riverway坏帐准备 provisions-bad debt存货跌价准备 provisions-decline in value of inventory存货盘亏 Loss-inventory differences存货盘盈 Gain-inventory differences招聘费 recruiting cost解聘费 termination expense邮递费 postage expense通讯费 telecommunication expenses汇兑损失 Loss from exchange rate difference汇兑收益 Gain from exchange rate difference银行手续费 bank commission银行利息支出 Interest payments for long term loans银行利息收入-其他 Interest income from other funds银行利息收入-短期 Interest Income short term funds营业外支出-固定资产处置(IFRS) Loss-disposal/sale of fixed asset(IFRS) 营业外支出-固定资产处置(本地) Loss-disposal/sale of fixed asset(local) 营业外支出-固定资产报废盘亏损失(IFRS) Loss resulting from scraped asset(IFRS)营业外支出-固定资产报废盘亏损失(本地) Loss resulting from scraped asset(local)营业外支出-罚款支出 penalty expenses营业外支出-捐赠支出 Charitable Contributions营业外支出-固定资产减值准备 provision-impairment loss on fixed asset 非常损失 Extraordinary expenses主营业务收入 sales revenue其他业务收入-贸易商品销售 Trading goods sales其他业务收入-模具收入 revenue-reimburse tooling cost其他业务收入- 技术开发收入 revenue-reimburse development cost其他业务收入-包装收入 packaging revenue其他业务收入-运输收入 transport revenue其他业务收入-废品出售 scrap revenue其他业务收入-其他 other revenue其他业务收入-租赁收入 rental revenue营业外收入-固定资产处置(IFRS) Gain-fixed assets disposal/sale(IFRS) 营业外收入-固定资产处置(本地) Gain-fixed assets disposal/sale(local)营业外收入-固定资产盘盈及升值(IFRS) Revenue from Write-up (IFRS) 营业外收入-固定资产盘盈及升值(本地) Revenue from Write-up (local) 营业外收入-资产出售 Revenue from Asset Sale资产出售收入结转 Revenue clearing account Asset Sale营业外收入-其他 Other non-operating income主营业务成本-产品成本 Cost of goods sold(no cost element)主营业务成本-成本差异 variance settlement(no cost element)其他业务支出-贸易商品 tranding goods consumption其他业务支出-营业税 business tax产成品报废 Scrapping finished goods贸易商品报废 Trading goods scrap未实现汇兑损失 loss-unrealized exchange rate differences未实现汇兑收益 Gain from unrealized exchange rate differences所得税 income tax其他业务支出 Cost for other business。
机械制造英语怎么说
机械制造英语怎么说机械制造是一个广泛应用的领域，涉及到各种各样的机械设备的设计、生产和使用。
在国际交流和合作中，准确地表达机械制造概念是非常重要的。
那么，我们应该如何用英语来表达“机械制造”呢？造成机械工业是制造业的重要组成部分，主要涉及到机器、设备和零部件的设计、制造和维修。
机械制造包括了机械工程、机械设计、机械制图、机械加工等多个领域。
因此，我们可以用“mechanical manufacturing”来表示这一概念。
在工程领域，机械制造通常是指将原材料转化为成品的过程，其中包括了设计、制造、组装和测试等环节。
因此，如果要描述这个过程，我们可以使用“mechanical production”或者“mechanical manufacturing process”。
在机械制造领域中，有许多专业术语需要注意。
例如，机械设备的设计可以用“mechanical equipment design”来表达；机械设备的生产可以用“mechanical equipment production”来表示；零部件的加工可以用“component machining”来描述。
另外，还有一些涉及到机械制造工艺的术语，如“casting”（铸造）、“forging”（锻造）、“milling”（铣削）、“turning”（车削）、“grinding”（磨削）等。
在国际机械制造行业中，有一些常用的缩写词和简称，例如CNC （Computer Numerical Control，数控）、CAD（Computer-Aided Design，计算机辅助设计）、CAM（Computer-Aided Manufacturing，计算机辅助制造）、CMM（Coordinate Measuring Machine，三坐标测量机）等。
这些缩写词通常是行业内的共识，但在正式场合使用时，需要确保对方能够理解。
除了专业术语和缩写词，还有一些常见的短语和句型可以用于描述机械制造过程。
商务英语unit2初级省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件
Listening: New Projects 新工程
Focus 学习要点 Get some information in details from
the conversation (1) the relationship between the two
speakers (2) the place of the conversation (3) the new projects
You seem a little tired.
然而当这部分词转化为其他意思使用时，有旳就能够 用于进行时态了。例如：
I am seeing Mary tomorrow.（我明天将与 玛丽会面。） He is thinking about the problem. （他正 在考虑这个问题。）
be 旳进行时态+动态形容词（Dynamic Adjective）有时能够表达在某一短临时刻人们 旳活动和行为。例如：
(2) Potential client:潜在旳客户，准客户 (3) Quality inspector: 产品质量检验员 Inspector 意思是检验员，监察员，视察者 常用旳搭配有： ticket inspector 客票稽查 inspector of taxes税务稽查员 marine inspector 海事检验员 Quality inspection 意思是质量检验
Working for a temporary employment agency can be a great way to earn money, get more experience, and try out different kinds of work.
(1) Small companies for developing short-term projects
制造加工业常用英语词汇
制造业常用英语词汇－－制造业常用英语词汇－－总经理办公室General manager’s office 模具部Tooling department项目部Project department品质部Quality department计划部计划部Plan department 制造部Manufacture departmentKeypad 产品部Keypad department IMD 产品部产品部IMD department 五金部五金部Metal stamping department 设计科设计科Design section 冲压车间冲压车间Stamping workshop 电镀车间电镀车间Plating workshop 物控科物控科Production material control section 计划科计划科Plan section 仓务科仓务科Warehouse section 商务科商务科Business section 品质规划科品质规划科quality plan section IQC 科 IQC sectionIPQC 科 IPQC sectionOQC 科 OQC section检测中心检测中心measurement center 项目规划科项目规划科Project plan section 项目XX 科Project section XX 试模科试模科Mold test section成本科成本科Cost section 设备科设备科Facility section 采购科采购科Purchase section 综合办综合办General affairs office 编程科编程科Programming section 模具工程科模具工程科Tooling engineering section 模具装配车间Mold assembly workshop文控中心文控中心Document control center (DCC) 注塑车间Injection workshop喷涂车间喷涂车间Spray painting workshop 装配车间Assembly workshop总经理General manager (GM)经理managerXX 部门经理Manager of XX department原料库原料库Raw material warehouse 半成品库半成品库Semi-finished product warehouse 成品库成品库Finished product warehouse 科长科长section chief 主任主任chief 部门主管部门主管department head 主管, 线长supervisor组长Foreman, forelady秘书secretary文员clerk操作员operator助理assistant职员staff二、产品二、产品超声波焊接ultrasonic welding塑胶件塑胶件Plastic parts 塑材塑材Raw parts 喷涂件喷涂件Painted parts 装配件装配件Assembly parts 零件零件Component 原料原料Raw material 油漆油漆Paint 稀释剂稀释剂Thinner 油墨油墨Ink 物料编号part number三、模具三、模具注塑模具injection mold冲压模具Stamping tool模架mold base定模座板Fixed clamp plateA 板A plateB 板B plate支承板支承板support plate 方铁方铁spacer plate 回位销回位销Return pin 导柱导柱Guide pin动模座板Moving clamp plate顶针ejector pin单腔模具single cavity mold多腔模具multi-cavity mold浇口gate合模力clamping force锁模力locking force开裂crack循环时间cycle time老化aging螺杆screw镶件镶件Insert 主流道主流道sprue 分流道runner浇口gate直浇口直浇口direct gate 点浇口pin-point gate测浇口edge gate潜伏浇口submarine gate浇口套sprue bush流道板runner plate排气槽vent分型线（面）parting line定模Fixed mold动模movable mold型腔cavity凹模cavity plate，凸模core plate斜销angle pin滑块slide拉料杆sprue puller定位环locating ring脱模斜度draft滑动型芯slide core螺纹型芯threaded core热流道模具hot-runner mold熔合纹weld line三板式模具three plate mold脱模ejection脱模剂release agent注射能力shot capacity注射速率injection rate注射压力injection pressure保压时间holding time闭模时间closing time电加工设备Electron Discharge Machining数控加工中心CNC machine center万能铁床Universal milling machine平面磨床Surface grinding machine万能摇臂钻床Universal radial movable driller立式钻床Vertical driller倒角chamfer键Key键槽keyway间距pitch快速成型模Rapid prototype tool （RPT ）四、品管四、品管SPC statistic process control品质保证Quality Assurance(QA)品质控制Quality control(QC)来料检验IQC Incoming quality control 巡检IPQC In-process quality control 校对calibration环境试验Environmental test光泽gloss拉伸强度tensile strength盐雾实验salt spray test翘曲warp比重specific gravity疲劳fatigue撕裂强度tear strength缩痕sink mark耐久性durability抽样sampling样品数量sample sizeAQL Acceptable Quality level 批量lot size抽样计划sampling plan抗张强度抗张强度Tensile Strength 抗折强度抗折强度Flexural Strength 硬度硬度Rigidity 色差色差Color Difference 涂镀层厚度涂镀层厚度Coating Thickness 导电性能导电性能Electric Conductivity 粘度粘度viscosity 附着力附着力adhesion 耐磨耐磨Abrasion resistance 尺寸尺寸Dimension (喷涂)外观问题外观问题Cosmetic issue 不合格品不合格品Non-conforming product 限度样板限度样板Limit sample 五、生产五、生产注塑机injection machine 冲床Punch machine嵌件注塑嵌件注塑Insert molding 双色注塑双色注塑Double injection molding 薄壁注塑薄壁注塑Thin wall molding 膜内注塑膜内注塑IMD molding ( In-mold decoration ） 移印移印Tampo printing 丝印丝印Silk screen printing热熔热熔Heat staking 超声熔接超声熔接Ultrasonic welding (USW ） 尼龙nylon黄铜黄铜brass 青铜青铜bronze 紫(纯)铜copper 料斗hopper麻点pit配料compounding 涂层coating飞边flash缺料缺料Short mold 烧焦烧焦Burn mark 缩水缩水Sink mark 气泡气泡Bubbles 破裂破裂Crack 熔合线熔合线Welding line 流痕流痕Flow mark 银条银条Silver streak 黑条黑条Black streak 表面光泽不良表面光泽不良 Lusterless 表面剥离表面剥离 Pelling 翘曲变形翘曲变形 Deformation脏圬脏圬Stain mark 油污油污Oil mark蓝黑点蓝黑点Blue-black mark 顶白顶白Pin mark 拉伤拉伤Scratch 限度样品限度样品Limit sample 最佳样品最佳样品Golden sample 预热preheating 再生料recycle material机械手机械手Robot 机器人机器人Servo robot 试生产试生产Trial run; Pilot run (PR) 量产量产mass production 切料头切料头Degate 产能产能Capacity 能力能力Capability 参数参数Parameter 二次加工二次加工Secondary process 六．物控六．物控保质期shelf life ABC 分类法ABC Classification 装配Assembly 平均库存Average Inventory 批号Batch Number 批量生产Mass Production 提货单Bill of Lading 物料清单Bill of Material采购员Buyer检查点Check Point有效日期Date Available修改日期Date Changed结束日期Date Closed截止日期Date Due生产日期Date in Produced库存调整日期Date Inventory Adjust作废日期D ate Obsolete收到日期Date Received交付日期Date Released需求日期Date Required需求管理Demand Management需求Demand工程变更生效日期Engineering Change Effect Date 呆滞材料分析Excess Material Analysis完全跟踪Full Pegging在制品库存In Process Inventory投入/产出控制Input/ Output Control检验标识Inspection ID库存周转率Inventory Carry Rate准时制生产Just-in-time (JIT)看板Kanban人工工时Labor Hour最后运输日期Last Shipment Date提前期Lead Time负荷Loading仓位代码Location Code仓位状况Location Status批量标识Lot ID批量编号Lot Number批量Lot Size机器能力Machine Capacity机器加载Machine Loading制造周期时间Manufacturing Cycle Time制造资源计划Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) 物料成本Material Cost物料发送和接收Material Issues and Receipts物料需求计划Material Requirements Planning (MRP)现有库存量On-hand Balance订单输入Order Entry零件批次Part Lot零件编号Part Number (P/N)零件Part领料单Picking List领料/提货Picking产品控制Product Control产品线Production Line采购订单跟踪Purchase Order Tracking需求量Quantity Demand毛需求量Quantity Gross安全库存量Safety Stock在制品Work in Process零库存Zero Inventories七．QS-9000中的术语中的术语APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan ，产品质量先期策划和控制计划控制计划PPAP Production Part Approval Process,生产件批准程序生产件批准程序 FMEA Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis,潜在失效模式及后果分析潜在失效模式及后果分析 MSA Measure System Analysis,测量系统分析测量系统分析SPC Statistical Process Control,统计过程控制统计过程控制审核审核Audit 能力能力Capability 能力指数能力指数Capability Indices 控制计划控制计划Control Plans 纠正措施纠正措施Corrective Action 文件文件Documentation 作业指导书作业指导书Standard operation procedure (SOP); Work instruction 不合格品不合格品Nonconformance 不合格不合格Nonconformity 每百万零件不合格数每百万零件不合格数Defective Parts Per Million, DPPM 预防措施预防措施Preventive Action 程序Procedures过程流程图过程流程图Process Flow Diagram, Process Flow Chart 质量手册Quality Manual质量计划质量计划Quality Plan质量策划质量策划Quality Planning 质量记录Quality Records原始数据Raw Data反应计划Reaction Plan返修Repair返工Rework现场Site分承包方Subcontractors产品product质量quality质量要求quality requirement顾客满意customer satisfaction质量管理体系quality management system 质量方针quality policy质量目标quality objective质量管理quality management质量控制quality control质量保证quality assurance组织organization顾客customer供方supplier过程process服务service设计与开发design and development ： 特性characteristic可追溯性trace ability合格conformity缺陷defect纠正correction让步concession放行release报废scrap规范specification检验inspection试验test验证verification评审review测量measurement普通原因Common Cause 均值Mean极差Range稳定性Stability计量型数据Variables Data 变差Variation重复性Repeatability再现性Reproducibility稳定性Stability线性Linearity分辨率Resolution过程更改Process change质量功能展开QFD外观项目Appearance Item初始过程能力Preliminary Process Capability 材料清单Bill of Material设计确认Design Validation设计验证Design Verification八．常用缩略词语八．常用缩略词语OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer ANOVA 方差分析法方差分析法Analysis of Variance DFMEA 设计失效模式及后果分析设计失效模式及后果分析Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis DOE 试验设计试验设计Design of Experiment GR&R 量具的重复性和再现性Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility PFMEA 过程失效模式及后果分析Process Failure Mode and Effect Analysis QSR 质量体系要求Quality System Requirement QFD 质量功能展开质量功能展开Quality Function Deployment BOM 物料清单物料清单Bill of Material Cpk 稳定过程的能力指数稳定过程的能力指数Capability for stable process LCL 下控制限下控制限Lower Control Limit UCL 上控制限上控制限Upper Control Limit LSL 工程规范下限工程规范下限Lower Specification Limit X(X(——)--R 图 均值一极差图均值一极差图Average-Range Chart 防错（POKA-YOKE ）Mistake Proofing ETA 预计到达预计到达Estimate to be arrive PO 定单定单Purchase order M/C 机器机器machineRFQ 报价需求报价需求Request for quotation MFI 熔融流动指数熔融流动指数Melt flow index FAI 全尺寸检测报告全尺寸检测报告First article inspection COC 材质证明材质证明Certificate of compliance ALT 加速老化试验加速老化试验Accelerated life test CRR 承认书承认书Component review report OT 加班加班Over time CAP 矫正计划矫正计划Corrective action plan R&D 研发研发Research and Development ASAP 尽快尽快As soon as possible ECN 工程更改通知Engineering change notice DCN 设计更改通知设计更改通知Design change notice OTD 准时交货准时交货On time delivery 九．通用词语九．通用词语确保确保ensure 构想构想construct 会签会签con-sign 功能功能Function 机构机构organization 外观外观appearance 适用适用apply to 作业流程作业流程Operation flow 附件附件attachment 商务人员商务人员business personnel 汇总汇总summarize指定相关人员指定相关人员designated personnel 新产品开发说明会新产品开发说明会new product development explanation meeting 拟定拟定Prepare 委托委托entrust 认证认证qualify 电子档电子档Soft copy 3D 文件文件3D database 移转移转Transfer 执行执行Conduct XXX 申请单申请单XXX Application form 客户要求客户要求Customer requirement 启动启动Kick off 评估评估Evaluation 作业员作业员Operator 批准, 承认承认Approval 合同评审合同评审Contract review 可靠性可靠性Reliability 相关的相关的Relevant 程序程序Procedure 制程制程Process 流程图流程图Flow chart 产品产品Product 生产生产Production 资材资材Logistics 责任责任Responsibility跟进跟进Follow-up 交付交付Delivery 汇总汇总Summarize 外协加工外协加工subcontract 指定相关人员指定相关人员designated personnel 编号编号number 附件附件attachment 产品名称产品名称Description 周期循环时间周期循环时间Cycle time 模具号模具号Mold No, 数量数量quantity ( Qt’y ) 备注备注remark SAP 号 SAP No.客户客户Customer 表单表单Form 初步的初步的Preliminary 版本版本Version 根本原因根本原因Root cause （喷漆）夹具（喷漆）夹具Fixture （设备）小夹具（设备）小夹具Jig 设备设备Equipment 设施设施Facility 送，提交（样品）Submit责任部门,责任人责任人Responsible by （大的）目标（大的）目标Objective(小的，具体的)目标目标Target 格式格式Format 上岗证上岗证Qualification card 需求需求Requirement 现场现场On site 查检表查检表Checklist 试产试产pilot 增值税增值税VAT---value-added tax。
留学DIY必备：大学各个专业课程英文名(工科院校)
课程名专业英文课程名三维绘图机自3D cartography控制工程基础机自、测控、工业Fundamentals of Control Engineering机械制造基础机自、测控、工业Fundamentals of Mechanical Manufacture液压与气压传动包装、机自Hydraulic and Pneumatic Transmission机电传动与控制机自Mechanical & Electrical Transmission & Control 测试技术机自Measurement Technique微机原理及应用（二）包装、材料、工业Principle of the computer & application专业英语机自Professional English机械制造技术机自、工业Mechanical Manufacture Technology运筹学工业Operational research现代工业工程概论工业Introduction to Modern Industrial Engineering系统工程工业System Engineering生产系统仿真工业Production System Simulation理论力学包装、机自Theoretical Mechanics材料力学（一）机自Material Mechanics I材料力学（二）包装Material Mechanics II工程力学材料、工设、测控、工E ngineering Mechanics机械原理包装、机自、工业Theory of Machines and Mechanisms机械设计包装、机自、工业Mechanical Desinge机械设计基础（一）材料、工设、测控The Fundamental of Mechanical Design机械设计基础（二）The Fundamental of Mechanical Design机械基础The Fundamental of Machine包装与印刷概论包装Package&printing Introduction包装动力学包装Package Dynamics包装材料学包装Package Materials包装工艺学包装Package Technology专业英语包装Professional English包装测试技术包装Package Testing Technology包装结构设计包装Package Stucture Design包装装潢与造型设计包装Package Art & Shape Design电脑美术设计包装Computer Art Design互换性与技术测量（一）测控Interchangeability and Technical Measurement I材料、机自、工业Interchangeability and Technical Measurement II 互换性与技术测量（二）信号与系统测控Signal and System工程光学测控Engineering Optics传感器原理与应用测控Principle and Application of Sensor误差理论与实验设计测控Error Theory and Experimental Design测控电路测控Circuit of Measurement and Control光电检测技术测控Photoelectric Measurement Technique微型计算机原理与应用测控Micro Computer Principle and Application接口技术及应用测控Interface Technique and Application质量控制测控Quality Control管理信息系统（一）工业Management Information System I工程材料(一)机自Engineering Materials I工程材料(二)测控Engineering Materials II材料成型基础材料The Fundamental of Materials Forming物理化学(二)材料Physical chemistry材料冶金传输原理材料Transport Principle of Metallurgy金属学及热处理材料Metallography and Heat Treatment材料力学性能材料 Properties of Material Mechanics材料CAD/CAM基础材料The Fundamental of CAD/CAM for Material Form 材料成型原理材料The Principle of Material Forming材料成型工艺材料The Technology of Material Forming工程材料学材料Engineering Materials检测技术及控制工程材料Detecting Technology and Control Engineering 专业英语阅读材料Reading of Speciality EnglishEngineering Graphics I-1工程图学(一)-1材料_包装_机自_测控_工业Engineering Graphics I-2工程图学(一)-2材料_包装_机自_测控_工业工程图学(二)工业Engineering Graphics II工程图学（三）Engineering Graphics III工程图学（四）Engineering Graphics IV土木工程制图-1Civil Engineering Graphics 1土木工程制图-2Civil Engineering Graphics 2计算机绘图包装、机自Computer Aided Graphics基础素描包装、工设Foundation of Pencil Sketch色彩包装Color设计素描工设Design Sketch计算机辅助平面设计工设CAD Two-Dimentional Design计算机辅助立体设计工设CAD 3-Dimentional Design工设CAD Mould Design & Making计算机辅助模具设计与制阴影透视工设Shadow Perpective模型制作工设Mould Making专业英语工设Professional English平面构成工设Plane Stuies色彩构成工设Color Stuies立体构成工设3D Studies人机工程学工设、工业Ergonomics设计效果图技法工设Design Rendering Techniques摄影基础工设Photography Principles三维动画与产品开发工设3D Animation工业设计法规工设Law & Regulation of Industrial Design人机设计概论工设Ergonomics微机原理及应用机自Principle of the computer and application计算机软件基础机自、测控Computer Software工业机器人机自Industrial Robot计算机数控技术机自Computer Numerical Control TechnologyCAD/CAM技术机自CAD/CAM Technology数控机床机自Numerical Control Machine Tod产品造型设计机自Products Shape-Design of Mechanical Products 机械设计学机自Machanical Design science机构设计机自Mechanism Design机械系统设计机自Mechanical System Design机械优化设计机自Mechanical Optimization Design计算机辅助设计机自Computer Aided Design数控自动编程机自Numerical Control Automatic Programming先进制造技术机自、工业Advanced Manufacturing Technology计算机控制系统机自Computer Control Systerm特种加工机自Non-traditional Machining成组技术机自Group TechnologyMATLAB程序设计及应用机自MATLAB Programming and Application现代设计方法机自Modern Design Method多媒体技术工设、测控、工业Multimedia Technology系统设计工业System Design作业研究工业Operation Research物流与供应链工业Logistics and Supply Chain生产计划与控制工业Production Planning and Control工程项目管理工业Engineering Project Management人力资源管理工业Human Resource Management组织行为学工业Organization Bahavior风险评估与管理工业Venture Evaluation and Management半导体制造概论工业Introduction to Semiconductor Manufacture包装与印刷机械包装Package & Print Machinary包装印刷技术包装Package & Print Technique包装标准与法规包装Package Standard & Regulation包装企业管理包装Package Enterprise Management包装环保技术包装Environmental Protection for Package有限元软件应用包装Finit & Element Software Application弹性力学与有限元机自Elastic Mechanics and Finite Element机械振动学机自Mechanical Vibration机械创新设计机自、工设Machinery Innovation Design标准化与质量管理工设、测控Standardization and Quality Management现代控制理论测控Modern Control Theory可靠性基础测控Basic Reliability精密测控与系统测控Precision Measuring and Control System测控仪器与设计测控Design of Measuring and Control Instrument智能仪器设计测控Design of Intelligent Instrument信号分析与处理测控Signal Analysis and Processing精密测量技术测控 Precision Measurement Technique技术监督法规测控Law of Technical Surveillance产品质量检验技术测控Inspection Technique of Product Quality误差理论与实验设计材料Experiment Design and Error Analysis稳健性设计测控Robust Design无损检测技术测控Nondestructive Testing Techinque干涉测量技术测控Interferential Measurement Techinque数字图像处理测控Digital Image Processing激光原理与应用测控Laser Theory and Application光电精密仪器设计测控Design of Optoelectronic and Precision Instr通信原理测控Communcation Theory光电子学测控Optoelectronics抽样技术测控Sample Technique6σ理论测控6σ Theory精密机械制造工程测控ManufactureEngineering of Precision Machine 光电信息基础测控Basic Ptotoelectronic Information纳米测量技术测控Nanometer Measurement Technique光通信技术测控Optic Communication TechniqueCCD及应用技术测控CCD and Application Technique光学零件制造工艺测控Optic Parts Manufacture Techinque计量学基础测控Basic Metrology管理信息系统（二）测控Management Information System可靠性与质量管理工业Reliability and Quality Management质量管理学机自Quality Management金属结晶凝固和控制材料Freezing and Control of Metals Crystallization 材料成型模具设计材料Die and Mold Design for Materials Forming材料成型设备材料The Equipment of Materials Forming材料物理性能材料The Physical Properties of Materials材料无损检测材料Nondestructive Detecting for Materials材料表面工程学材料Surface Engineering of Materials金属腐蚀及防护材料Erosion and Protection of Metals材料微观分析技术材料Micro-analysis Technology of Materials焊接材料材料Welding Materials特种铸造材料Special Casting塑性成型计算机模拟材料Computer Simulation of Plastic Forming陶瓷材料材料Ceramic Materials复合材料材料Complex Materials功能材料材料Functional Materials纳米材料材料Nano-Materials材料激光加工材料Laser Processing of Materials金属断口分析材料Rupture Analysis of Metals粉末冶金材料Powder Metallography塑料材料机试Plastic Materials模具与成型加工包装Mould &Shape processing金属塑性成形原理机自Plasticity shaping principle of metal金属与塑料成型设备机自Metal and plastic shaping equipment机自Plastic shaping craft and mold design塑料成型工艺与模具设计冲压工艺与模具设计机自Ramming craft and mold design模具制造技术机自Manufacturing Technology of Die and Mould模具CAD/CAM机自Mold CAD/CAM挤压工艺与模具设计机自Extrusion Technology and Mold Design锻造工艺与模具设计机自Forging Technology and mold design视觉传达设计工设Visual Convey Design展示设计工设Business Display Design环境设计工设Enviromental Design室内设计工设Interior Design造型材料工艺学工设Forming Material Studies产品造型设计工设Products shape-designing设计方法学工设Design Methods网页设计工设Homepage Design美学工设Aesthetics字体与商标设计工设Design of Font & Trademark计算机图形学工设Computer Graphics生产实习机自、工业Production Practice机电传动课程设计机自Course Design of Mechanical & Electrical Tra 微机原理课程设计机自Course Design of Principle of Microcomputer 机械制造技术课程设计机自Course Design of Mechanical Manufacturing Te 专业课课程设计机自Course Design of Speciality机构设计课程设计机自Course Design of Mechanism Design机械系统设计课程设计机自Course Design of Mechanical System Design 系统设计课程设计工业Course Design of System Design专业方向综合课程设计工业Couse Design of Speciality综合实验（一）机自Comprehensive Experiment综合实验（二）工业Comprehensive Experiment毕业实习机自、工业Graduation Practice毕业设计(论文)机自、工业Graduation Thesis机械原理课程设计包装、机自、工业Course Design of Machine Principle机械设计课程设计（一）机自、工业Course Design of Machine Design I包装Course Design of Machine Design II机械设计课程设计（二）机械设计基础课程设计材料、工设、测控Course Design of Machine Design包装动力学课程设计包装Course for Package Dynamics包装结构课程设计包装Course for Package Stucture包装装潢课程设计包装Course for Package Art认识实习包装Practice毕业实习包装Graduation Practice毕业设计(论文)包装Graduation Thesis认识实习测控Practice生产实习测控Production Practice测控方向课程设计测控Course Design of Speciality专业方向课程设计测控Course Design of Speciality光电子方向课程设计测控Course Design of Speciality电子设计CAD实践测控Practice of Electronics CAD综合实验（三）测控Comprehensive Experiment毕业实习测控Graduation Practice毕业设计(论文)测控Graduation Thesis生产实习材料Production Practice专业课程综合设计材料Comprehensive Design of Speciality Course塑料模具课程设计机自Couse Design of Plastic Mold冲压模具课程设计机自Couse Design of Ramming Mold综合实验（四）材料Comprehensive Experiment毕业实习材料Graduation Practice毕业设计(论文)材料Graduation Thesis工程图学课程设计机自、工设Course Design of Engineering Graphics写生实习工设Painting Practice认识实习工设Practice Cognition模型制作课程设计工设Course Design of Mould Making产品造型设计课程设计工设Course Design of Product Shaping产品设计课程设计工设Course Design of Product Design毕业实习工设Graduation Practice毕业设计(论文)工设Graduation Thesis工业设计概论工设Introduction to Modern Industrial Design包装CAD包装Package CAD防伪包装与条形码包装Anti_counterfeit Package Barcode广告与策划包装Advertising Strategy计算机绘图实训机自职Practice of Computer Aided Graphics液压与气动课程设计机自职Course Design of Hydraulic and Pneumatic Transmissio 可编程控制器原理及应用机自职Principle and Application of Programmable Controller虚拟设计与虚拟制造机试Virtual Design and Virtual Manufacturing成型设备机试Forming Equipments现代传动技术机试Modern Tranmission Technology空间啮合理论机试Theory of Spatial Engagement动态测量与建模机试Dynamic measuement and Modeling光电子理论与器件机试Photodectron Theory and Apparatus光电显示技术机试Photodectron Display Technology光纤传感技术机试Fiber Sensor Technology测控与系统机试Measurement & Control System虚拟仪器设计机试Virtual Instrument Design智能控制技术机试Intelligent Control Technology故障监测与诊断机试Fault Monitoring and Diagnosis精密计量与测试机试Precision Measurement and Testing检测技术机试Inspection Technique电路理论（一）-1Circuit Theorey I-1电路理论（一）-2Circuit Theorey I-2电路理论（二）Circuit Theorey II模拟电子技术电气自动Analogue Electronics数字电子技术电气自动Digital ElectronicsEDA技术电子通信自动电气Electronic Design Automation TechnologyP rinciple of Microcomputer微机原理电子通信自动电气电试电子通信自动Microcontroller Ⅰ单片机原理及应用（一）C Language Programming ⅡC语言程序设计(二)电子通信自动电气电试D ata Structure数据结构电子通信自动电气电试B asic Principles of Database System数据库基本原理电子通信自动电气电试电气工程Object-oriented Programming I面向对象的程序设计（一电试Object-oriented Programming Ⅱ面向对象的程序设计（二软件工程概论电气工程Introduction to Software Engineering数据通信与计算机网络电气工程Data Communication and Computer Network电试Microcontroller Ⅱ单片机原理与应用（二）电气工程学科概论电气工程电试Introuduction to Electric Engineering电机学-1电气工程Electrical Machines I电机学-2电气工程Electrical Machines Ⅱ电力拖动电气工程Electrical Towage电磁场理论电气工程Theory of Electromagnetic Fields电力电子技术电气工程电试Technology of Power Electronics电机学电试Electrical Motor自动化学科概论自动化Introduction to Automation电机与拖动自动化 Electrical Machines and Drives自动控制理论自动电气电试 Automation Control Engineering计算机控制技术自动化电气电试Computer Control Technology软件技术基础自动化Basic Sortware自动检测技术及仪表自动电气电试Automation Measurement Technology & Meter 过程控制工程电气自动电试Process Control Engineering现代控制理论电气自动电试Modern Control Theory运动控制自动化 Movation Control运筹学电气工程电试Operational Research人工智能导论（双语）自动电气电试Introduction to Artificial Intelligent (Bilingual)工业计算机网络(双语)自动电气电试Industrial Computer Networks (Bilingual)学科概论电子信息Introduction to Electric Information模拟电子技术（二）电试Analogue Electronics-II数字电子技术（二）电试Digital Electronics-II电子实验-1电信通信Electronic Experiment-I电子实验-2电信通信Electronic Experiment-II电工电子学非本院Electronics in Electrical Engineering电磁场与电磁波电信通信电试Electromagnetic Field and Wave通信电子电路电信通信电试Communication Electronic Curcuitry信号与系统电信通信电试Signal and Systems信息论与编码电信通信电试Information and Coding数字信号处理电信通信Digital Signal Processing学科概论通信工程Introduction to Communication通信原理电信通信电试Communication Principle操作系统电信通信Operation System微型计算机原理及应用电信通信Principal and Application of MicrocomputerP rinciple & Application of EDAEDA原理及应用电气通信自动电信电试单片机原理与应用(三)电气工程Microcontroller -ⅢDSP原理及应用通信电气电试Digital Signal Processors and its Application软件工程概论通信电信Introdrction to Software Engineering数据库原理及应用电气工程Principle & Application of Database面向对象程序设计电信通信Object-oriented Programming多媒体技术电信通信Multiple Media Technology发电厂电气部分电气工程 Electric Elements of Power Plants电力系统继电保护原理电气工程Power System Relay Protection电力系统分析电气工程电试Power System Analysis电力系统自动化电气工程电试Automation of Power电力系统高电压技术电气工程电试High-voltage Technology of Electric Systems 电气传动控制系统-1电气工程Electric Drive Control System-1电气传动控制系统-2电气工程Electric Drive Control System-2电力工程电气工程电试Electrical Power Engineering现代电气控制设备电气自动电试Modern Electrical Control Equipment开关电源技术电气工程电试Switch Power Supply Technology电机设计电气工程电试Design of Electrical Machinery微特电机电气工程电试Micro & Special Machinery电力市场概论电气工程电试Introduction to Electric Market计算方法电气工程电试Computational Method电气传动控制系统电试Electric Drive Control System模糊与神经网络控制电试Fuzzy & Neural Network现代电机控制技术电试Modern Electrical Machinery Control Technology现代电力电子学电试Modern Power Electronics计算机控制系统电试Computer Control System工程电磁场数字计算电试Numerical Calculation of Engineering Electromagnetic Field现代永磁电机理论电试Modern Permanent Magnetism Electrical Machinery Theory电力电子系统设计电试The Power Electronics System Designing智能仪表自动化Intelligent Instrument数字信号处理自动化电试Digital Signal Processing智能控制技术自动电气Intelligent Control Tcchnology控制系统仿真与CAD自动化 Control System Simulation and CAD虚拟仪器自动化电试Virtual Instrument新型检测技术自动化电试 New Type Measurement Technology自适应控制自动化电试Adapting Control嵌入式系统及应用自动化Inbedded System and Application模式识别自动化Pattern-Recognition专家系统控制电试The Expert System Controlling线性系统理论电试Linear Systematic Theory非线性系统理论电试Non-linear Systematic Theory嵌入式系统设计电试Imbedded System and Application现代控制技术专题电试Modern Control Technology Special Topic智能检测技术电试Intellectual Detection Technique现场总线技术电试Fieldbus Technology电子CAD电信通信Electronic Computer Aid Design数字图像处理电信通信电试Digital Image Processing数字语音处理电信通信电试Digital Voice Processing数字视频技术电信通信电试Digital Video Technology嵌入式操作系统电信通信Embedded Operation System控制系统设计CAD电试Control System Design CAD现代电路与系统分析电试Modern Circuit and System Analysis汉字信息处理电试Chinese Character Processing电子设计自动化电试Electronic Design Automation电试Nanometer Optical-electronic Component & Integrated Technology 纳米光电子器件及其集成多媒体技术电试Multimedia Technology模式识别原理与应用电试Pattern-recognition Principle and Application传感技术电信通信Sensor Technology计算机网络电信通信Computer Networks可编程控制器电信通信Programmable Logic Controller计算机仿真电信通信电试Computer Simulation程控交换技术电信通信Digital Switching Principle现代通信网基础电信通信Modern Communcation Network移动通信电信通信Mobile Communication锁相技术电信通信Phaselock Techniques光纤通信电信通信Fiber-optic Communication Principles微波技术基础通信工程Microwave Technology Foundation随机过程通信工程Random Process模拟电子课程设计电信通信自动电气电试Couse Design of Analog Electronics CircuitC ouse Design of Digital Electronics Circuit数字电子课程设计电信通信自动电气电试教学实践电试Teaching Practising课题调研电试Research of the Subject前沿学术讲座电试Lecture of Advanced Academic Lecture生产实习电气工程电试Production Practice毕业实习电气工程Graduation Practice毕业设计电气工程Graduation Thesis发电厂电气部分课程设计电气工程电试Electric Elements of Power Plants Course Design电力工程课程设计电气工程电试Electrical Power Engineering Course Design电气传动控制系统实验电气工程Lab of Electric Drive Control System现代电机控制技术课程设电试Modern Electrical Machinery Control Technology Course Design电试Modern Electrical Control Equipment Course Design现代电气控制设备课程设计算机控制课程设计自动化电气电试Computer Control Course Design自动化Movement Control System Design and Experiment运动控制系统实验、设计自动化Industrial Computer Networks Design工业计算机网络课程设计生产实习自动化Production Practice毕业实习自动化Graduation Practice毕业设计自动化Graduation Thesis过程控制工程课程设计电试Process Control Engineering Course Design电路理论课程设计电信通信Electronic Curcuit Theory Curricular Design通信电子电路课程设计电信通信电试Communication Electronic Curcuit Curricular Design通信原理课程设计电信通信电试Communication Principle Curricular Design单片机原理课程设计电信通信Microcontroller Curricular Design生产实习电信通信Production Practice毕业实习电信通信Graduate Practice毕业论文电信通信Graduate Thesis军训电信通信自动电气Military Training管理学原理市场营销Management Principle市场营销学市场营销Marketing生产运作与管理市场营销Manufacgturing Operation And Management商务交流市场营销 Busniess Operation组织行为学市场营销Organizational Behavior战略管理市场营销Strategic Management运筹学市场营销 Operation Research市场调查和预测市场营销Market Survey And Prediction消费者行为分析市场营销Analysis Of Consumer Behavior专业英语Ⅰ市场营销Course EnglishⅠ专业英语Ⅱ市场营销Course EnglishⅡ技术经济学市场营销Technology Economics现代企业管理Epterprise Manage推销学市场营销Selling公共关系市场营销Public Relations市场营销模拟决策市场营销Marketing Analog and Decision广告理论与实务市场营销Advertisement Theory and Practice服务营销学市场营销Serviece Marketing商务谈判市场营销Business Negociation质量管理市场营销Quality Management项目管理市场营销Project Management客户关系管理市场营销 Customer Relation Management国际贸易理论与实务市场营销International Trade Theory and Practice生产实习市场营销 Production Practice毕业实习市场营销 Graduate Practice学年论文（设计）市场营销Junior Paper Design市场营销课程设计市场营销Marketing Course Design毕业论文市场营销Graduate Paper微观经济学Microeconomics宏观经济学Macroeconomics会计学原理Princinpal of Accounting财务管理Managerial Finance统计学原理Statistics货币银行学Monetary and Banking税法Taxation中级财务会计Media Financail Accounting成本会计学Cost Accounting审计学Auditing管理会计Management Accounting高级会计学Advanced Financial Accounting财会专业英语Professional English for Accounting中级财务管理Media Fiancail Management高级财务管理Advanced Financial Management财务管理专业英语Professional English for Managerial Finance国际金融市场营销International Finance金融学Finance税务策划Taxation Planning企业投资学Princinple of Investment财务理论Finance Theory财务报表分析Analysis of Financial Statement证券投资理论与实务Theory and Application of Security Investment资产评估Valuation of Assets企业资源计划概论Introduction to ERP会计理论Accounting Theory金融企业会计Banking Accounting非盈利组织会计Non-profited Organization Accounting会计制度设计Accounting System Design国际会计准则International Accounting Standard保险精算Insurance Measure期权期货Options信用风险管理Credit Risk management信托与租赁Trust and Lease生产实习会计学Professional Practice生产实习财务管理Professional Practice毕业实习会计学Graduating Practice毕业实习财务管理Graduating Practice学年论文（设计）会计学Junior Paper Design学年论文（设计）财务管理Junior Paper Design财务管理信息系统课程设Course Design for Financial Information System会计学原理课程设计Course Design for Principle of Accounting毕业论文会计学Graduating Paper Design毕业论文财务管理Graduating Paper Design行政管理学Theories of Administration政治学The Principle of Politics社会学Principles of Sociology公共管理学Public Administration公共政策Public Policy企业文化Organizational Culture公共经济学Public Sector Economics行政法与行政诉讼法Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure管理心理学Management Psychology经济法学Law of Economy专业英语Special English行政组织学Administration of Organization社会调查原理与方法Theory and Method of Social Survey市政学Urban Public Administration人力资源开发与管理Development and Management of Human Resource 电子政务Electronic Government AffairsPublic Choice（双语）公共选择公共政策分析Public Policy管理定量分析Quantitative Methods For Public Administration公共部门绩效评估Performance Management of Public Sector第三部门管理Management of NGO比较政治制度Comparative Political System管理定量分析Quantitative Methods For Public Administration地方政府学Local Governments国家公务员制度The Civil Servant System当代行政体制改革专题Current Government System Reform社会保障Social Security公务员考试专题Public service Test领导科学Leadership Science商务谈判Business Negotiation行政伦理学Administration Ethics秘书学Secretarial Administration行政管理案例分析Case Study for Administration专业认识实习Special Social Practice公共管理案例分析Administrative Case Studies学年论文（1）Term Paper（1）学年论文（2）Term Paper（2）电子政务课程设计Practice of Electronic Government Affairs社会调查实践Intership of Social Survey公共行政外文原著选读Selected Readings for Public Administration and Managem 毕业实习Professional Social Practice毕业论文Undergraduate Thesis数据库原理信管Database Management Principle数据库应用信管Database Management Systems信息组织与管理信管Information Resource Management管理信息系统信管Management Information SystemsWEB技术信管Web Application Technology II面向对象程序设计信管Orient-objiect Programming Language信息调查与分析信管 Information Analysis信息系统维护与管理信管Information System Management计算机网络信管Computer Network System管理信息系统课程设计信管Practice of MIS信管Practice of MIS信息系统建设与管理课程网络营销电商Net Marketing电子商务金融电商EB Finance物流与供应链管理电商Logistic and Supply Management网站建立与维护电商Netsites Establishment and Maintenance电子商务安全管理电商EB Secure Management电商EB System Construct and Management电子商务系统建设与管理适用软件应用电商Application Software数据仓库与数据挖掘电商Data Warehouse and Data Mining客户关系管理电商CRMERP概论电商ERPA nalytical Chemistry分析化学(二)化学与环境工程学院，P hysical ChemistryⅠ-1物理化学(一)-1化学与环境工程学院，P hysical ChemistryⅠ-2物理化学(一)-2化学与环境工程学院，物理化学(二)Physical Chemistry II化工原理(二)高分子材料与工程Operation of Chemical Engineering（Ⅱ）O peration of Chemical EngineeringⅠ-1化工原理(一)-1化学与环境工程学院，O peration of Chemical EngineeringⅠ-2化工原理(一)-2化学与环境工程学院，高分子化学高分子材料与工程Polymer Chemistry高分子物理高分子材料与工程Polymer Physics高分子化学物理（三）轻化工程Polymer Chemistry and PhysicsⅢ高分子化学物理（一）材料科学与工程Polymer Chemistry and PhysicsⅠ高分子化学物理（二）化学工程与工艺Polymer Chemistry and PhysicsⅡ植物纤维化学轻化工程Plant fiber chemistry材料科学基础材料科学与工程Basic of Materials Science聚合物成型工艺学高分子材料与工程Polymer Molding Technics热工基础及设备材料科学与工程Pyrology and Equipment材料工艺与设备材料科学与工程Materials Technics and Equipment材料学概论材料科学与工程Introduction of Materials Science材料检测及分析材料科学与工程Materials Testing and Analysis材料科学研究方法材料科学与工程Materials Science Research Methods计算机在材料学中的应用材料科学与工程Application of Computer in Materials Science薄膜材料与技术材料科学与工程Membrane Materials and Technology材料信息学材料科学与工程Materials Information Science复合材料学材料科学与工程Composites Science高分子材料学材料科学与工程Polymer Materials Science精细陶瓷材料材料科学与工程Fine Ceramic Materials science生物材料学材料科学与工程Bio-materials无机非金属材料概论材料科学与工程Inorganic Non-metallic Materials Introduction材料成型装备的控制材料科学与工程Materials Molding Equipment Controlling材料合成与加工材料科学与工程Materials Synthesis and Processing材料化学材料科学与工程Materials Chemistry材料软件工程材料科学与工程Materials Software Engineering材料实验材料科学与工程Materials Experiment材料物理材料科学与工程Materials Physics复合材料测试技术材料科学与工程Composites Testing复合材料工艺及设备材料科学与工程Technics and Equipment of Composites复合材料结构材料科学与工程 Structure of Composites复合材料原理材料科学与工程 Theory of Composites光电子及信息功能材料材料科学与工程Photoelectron and Information Function Materials 计算机辅助材料设计材料科学与工程CAD for Materials Design纳米材料工艺材料科学与工程Nano-materials Technics无机非金属材料成型设备材料科学与工程Inorganic Non-metallic Materials Molding Equipment 胶凝材料学材料科学与工程Non-crystalline materials science无机非金属材料工艺学材料科学与工程Inorganic Non-metallic Materials Technics高分子材料研究方法高分子材料与工程Research Methods of Polymer Materials计算机的化工应用高分子材料与工程Application of Computer in Chemical Industry聚合物流变学高分子材料与工程Polymer Rheology高分子设计导论高分子材料与工程Polymer Design Introduction功能高分子高分子材料与工程Functional Polymer金属材料学高分子材料与工程Metal Materials涂料工艺学高分子材料与工程Dope Technics无机非金属材料高分子材料与工程Inorganic Non-metallic Materials液压与气动高分子材料与工程Fluid and Air Drive粘胶剂工艺学高分子材料与工程Glue Technics材料工程基础高分子材料与工程Materials Engineering Foundation复合材料工艺学高分子材料与工程Composites Materials Technics复合材料加工设备高分子材料与工程Composites Materials Processing Machinery复合材料科学基础高分子材料与工程Composites Materials Science Foundation聚合物共混改性高分子材料与工程Polymer Modifying by Blending模具CAD、CAM高分子材料与工程CAD and CAM of Mould模具加工工艺学高分子材料与工程Mould Manufacture Technics模具制造技术高分子材料与工程Mould Manufacture Technology塑料材料及助剂(一)高分子材料与工程Plastics Materials and Additives(Ⅰ)塑料机械高分子材料与工程Plastics Processing Machinery塑料模具高分子材料与工程Plastics Mould塑料制品检测与标准高分子材料与工程Plastics Products Testing and Standard橡胶材料及助剂高分子材料与工程Rubber Materials and Additives橡胶工艺学高分子材料与工程Rubber Technics橡胶制品设计与制造高分子材料与工程Rubber Products Design and Manufacture化工分离工程化学工程与工艺Separation Processes of Chemical Engineering化工设备基础化学工程与工艺Equipment of Chemical Engineering化工设计化学工程与工艺Design of Chemical Engineering化学反应工程化学工程与工艺Chemical Reaction Engineering环保概论化学工程与工艺 A Brief to Environment at Protection计算机在化工中的应用化学工程与工艺Application of Computer in Chemical Engineering科技英语化学工程与工艺English of Science and Technology生物工程导论化学工程与工艺Introduction to Bio-engineering专业讲座化学工程与工艺Special Cathedra催化作用及催化剂化学工程与工艺Catalysis and Catalyzer化工热力学化学工程与工艺Thermodynamics of Chemical Engineering精细化学品工艺学Ⅰ化学工程与工艺Fine Chemical Product TechnologyⅠ精细有机合成单元反应化学工程与工艺The unit reaction of Fine Organic Synthesis无机工艺相图化学工程与工艺Abio-Technology Phase Diagram无机化工工艺学化学工程与工艺Inorganic Chemical Technology有机化工工艺学化学工程与工艺Organic Chemical Technology环境化学环境工程Environmental chemistry大气污染控制工程环境工程Air Pollution Control固体废弃物处理与处置环境工程Solid Wastes and Disposal环境管理与环境法Ⅰ环境工程Environmental Management and LawⅠ环境科学概论环境工程General Principle of Environmental Science环境质量评价环境工程Evalution of Environment普通生态学环境工程Ecology给水工程环境工程Water Supply环境工程学环境工程Environment Engineering环境监测环境工程Environmental Monitor排水工程环境工程Wastewater Engineering水分析化学环境工程Water Analysis水污染控制工程环境工程Water Pollution and Control废纸再生利用技术轻化工程Used paper regeneration and utilization technology高得率制浆轻化工程High yield pulping process工程CAD轻化工程Engineering project CAD计算机的化工应用轻化工程Computer application in chemical engineering轻化工环保轻化工程Enviromental protection of light industry and chemical engineering 现代制浆技术轻化工程Modern pulping technology纸的性能与印刷轻化工程Paper properties and printing纸和纸板结构与性能轻化工程Paper and board structure and properties加工纸工艺轻化工程Paper coating technology有机合成与造纸化学品轻化工程Organic synthesis and papermaking chemicals造纸湿部化学轻化工程Wet end chemistry造纸原理与工程轻化工程Papermaking theory and engineering纸厂设计概论轻化工程An Introdution to paper mill design制浆原理与工程轻化工程Pulping theory and engineering制浆造纸设备轻化工程Pulping & papermaking equipment制浆造纸原理轻化工程Pulping and papermaking theory毕业论文(设计)Ⅰ化学与环境工程学院Graduation thesis or projectⅠ毕业论文(设计)Ⅱ化学与环境工程学院Graduation thesis or projectⅡ毕业实习化学与环境工程学院Graduation site training化工原理课程设计化学与环境工程学院Curriculum Design of Chemical Engineering Principles热工基础及设备课程设计材料科学与工程Thermal Foundation and Equipment Design认识实习化学与环境工程学院Cognition Practice。
Design for Manufacturing(面向制造的设计-外文资料)
Design for ManufacturingBasic Principles of Designing for Economical Production1. Simplicity2. Standard Materials and Components3. Standardized Design of the Product4. Liberal Tolerances5. Use Materials that are Easy to Process6. Teamwork with Manufacturing Personnel7. Avoidance of Secondary Operations8. Design to Expected Level of Production9. Utilize Special Process Characteristics10. Avoid Process RestrictivenessThink of these principles as design guidelines…not as hard and fast rules. Guidelines do not hold true for all situations. There will always exceptions where doing something different than the rule will give a result that is better or probably just as good. However, in most cases, if you stay consistent with the rules as design goals, you are likely to have a more efficient, more robust, and less costly production method.产品开发流程的重要性Rule 1: SimplicityDescription: --minimize the number of parts--use the least intricate shape--require the bare minimum precision--reduce the number of manufacturing operations Motivation: generally provides-- reduced cost-- improved reliability-- ease of easier servicing-- improved robustnessExample: Dip stick swipeRule 2: Standard Materials and ComponentsDescription: --use standard off-the-shelf parts--use widely available materials--use materials from dependable suppliers Motivation: --generally-- eases purchasing-- simplifies inventory management-- avoids tooling investments-- speeds up the manufacturing cycle Example: Standard shaft sizes, standard fasteners,or standard commercial supply sizesRule 3: Standardized Design of the Product Description: For similar products specify-- the same materials-- the same parts-- similar subassemblies …. if possible Motivation: -- provides economies of scale-- promotes efficiency and familiarity in production-- simplifies operations-- simplifies inventory managementExample: Common size hydraulic tanks used for lift vehiclesRule 4: Liberal TolerancesDescription: --make tolerances as forgiving as possible Motivation: -- tight tolerances are expensive … in a non-linear fashion -- tight tolerances require:-- extra operations-- higher tooling costs-- longer production cycles-- more scrap and higher rework costs-- higher skilled labor and more training-- higher quality material and respective cost-- higher precision equipmentExample:Figure 1.3.1 from Bralla'sDesign for Manufacturing Handbook.Approximate relative cost % Fig. 40.5 Relaltionship between relative manufacturing cost and dimensional tolerance.from Manufacturing Engineering and Technology by Kalpakjian and SchmidTable 1.3.1 Cost of producing Surface Finishes ( from Bralla's Handbook) Surface symbol designationCase, rough-machinedStandard machiningFine machining, rough-groundVery fine machining, ordinary grindingFine grinding, shaving, and honingVery fine grinding, shaving, honing, and lappingLapping, burnishing, superhoning, and polishingRule 5: Use Materials that are Easy to ProcessDescription: --take advantage of materials that have been developedto be easy to processsome materials will result in different-- cycle time-- optimal cutting speed-- flowability-- generally soft material means easy to workhard material means more difficult to work.-- plastic is easy to work with…ceramics are not. Motivation: -- while easily processible material may cost more,it will often provide lower overall cost sincethe cost labor may be reducedExample:-- Carbon Steel vs.Stainless steel.-- Saturn exterior panels.Rule 6: Teamwork with Manufacturing PersonnelDescription: --collaborate with the people that will be producing yourproduct … the earlier the better.Motivation:-- they provide a unique body of knowledge and useful insightsExample: --Comments from managers at Eli Lily production plant tour Rule 7: Avoidance of Secondary OperationsDescription: --minimize the need for secondary operationssecondary operations include-- deburring-- inspection-- plating and painting-- sanding-- heat treating-- material handlingMotivation: --secondary operations sometimes can be as expensiveas the primary manufacturing operationExample: --prepainted steel or material that doesn't need painting.-- use of turret lathe instead of single tool lathe.Rule 8: Design to Expected Level of ProductionDescription:-- the number of parts you expect to produce affects whichmethod is the best to use for the production of a part. Motivation: --for a small number of parts, having high tooling costs can be prohibitive-- if there is a large volume of parts to make, the moreexpensive equipment cost may provide a huge savings inlabor over the long term.Example: Sand casting vs. Die casting vs. Extrusion.Rule 9: Utilize Special Process CharacteristicsDescription:-- understand and take advantage of the special capabilities of various manufacturing processesMotivation: --can often eliminate manufacturing operations and reduce the number of partsExample: --plastic part with molded fasteners and snap fits.Rule 10: Avoid Process RestrictivenessDescription: --on part drawings, specify only the final characteristicsneeded; do not specify the process to be used.Motivation: -- don't restrict the methods of the manufacturing engineersand the machinists, they most often knowbetter than you (the design engineer) the best way to machine or produce the part.-- potential cost savingsGeneral Design Rules: from Bralla's text pages 1.20-1.22.1. Simplify the design and reduce the number of parts required.2. Design for low-labor-cost operations when possible.3. Avoid generalized statements on drawing that are unclear, difficult tointerpret, or cause confusion.4. Dimensions should be made from specific surfaces or points on the body,not from points in space.5. Dimensions should all be referred from a single datum line rather thanfrom multiple locations.6. Remember that light weight parts generally means less cost.7. If possible use standard general purpose tooling, instead of special tools.8. Avoid sharp corners, especially on fillets.9. Design to allow the minimal amount of repositioning for manufacture.10. Stepped parting lines should be avoided in cast, molded, or metal-powder parts.11. Wall thickness of cast parts should be as uniform as possible.12. Avoid placing holes too close to each other.General Assembly Rules: DFA Guidelines:from Product Design, Techniques in Reverse Engineering and New Product Development by Otto and Wood.1. Minimize part count by incorporating multiple functions into single parts.2. Modularize multiple parts into single subassemblies3. Assemble in open space, not in confined spaces.Never bury important components.4. Make parts to identify how to orient them for insertion.5. Standardize to reduce part variety.6. Maximize part symmetry.7. Design in geometric or weight polar properties if nonsymmetric8. Eliminate tangly parts.9. Color code parts that are different but shaped similarly.10. Prevent nesting of parts.11. Provide orientating features on nonsymmetries.12. Design the mating features for easy insertion.13. Provide alignment features.14. Insert new parts into an assembly from above.15. Insert from the same direction or very few.Never require the assembly to be turned over.16. Eliminate fasteners.17. Place fasteners away from obstructions.18. Deep channels should be sufficiently wide to provide access tofastening tools. No channel is best.19. Provide flats for uniform fastening and fastening ease.20. Proper spacing ensures allowance for a fastening tool.。
制造业财务详细流程英语
制造业财务详细流程英语Manufacturing Financial Detailed Process.1. Budgeting and Forecasting.Establish financial goals and objectives.Forecast production levels, sales volume, and expenses.Prepare operating and capital budgets.Monitor actual performance against budget and forecast.2. Cost Accounting.Determine production costs, including direct materials, direct labor, and overhead.Allocate overhead costs to products and services.Analyze cost variances to identify areas for improvement.Calculate cost of goods sold.3. Accounts Payable.Process and pay invoices for goods and services received.Reconcile vendor statements.Take advantage of early payment discounts.4. Accounts Receivable.Invoice customers for goods and services sold.Track customer payments.Manage credit and collections.Offer discounts and payment terms.5. Cash Management.Forecast cash flow.Manage cash receipts and disbursements.Invest excess cash.Obtain financing when necessary.6. Inventory Management.Track inventory levels.Determine inventory needs.Implement just-in-time (JIT) inventory techniques. Manage inventory costs.7. Capital Budgeting.Evaluate capital expenditure proposals.Determine the cost of capital.Calculate the payback period, net present value, and internal rate of return.Make investment decisions.8. Financial Reporting.Prepare financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.Disclose financial information to shareholders, creditors, and other stakeholders.Comply with GAAP and other reporting requirements.9. Performance Analysis.Analyze financial ratios to assess profitability, liquidity, and solvency.Identify trends and areas for improvement.Develop strategies to enhance financial performance.10. Internal Control.Establish internal controls to prevent fraud and ensure accuracy of financial data.Implement segregation of duties.Conduct regular audits.Specific Considerations for Manufacturing Companies.Overhead Cost Allocation: Manufacturing companies typically have a higher proportion of overhead costs than other businesses. Accurate allocation of overhead costs iscrucial for determining product costs and profitability.Inventory Valuation: The valuation of inventory is a critical aspect of manufacturing financial accounting. FIFO, LIFO, and weighted average costing methods are commonly used. The choice of method can significantly impactfinancial results.Production Planning and Scheduling: Financial managers must collaborate with operations to ensure that productionis planned and scheduled efficiently to minimize costs and maximize output.Foreign Currency Risk Management: Manufacturing companies with international operations may be exposed to foreign currency risk. Strategies such as hedging andnatural hedging can be used to mitigate this risk.Conclusion.The manufacturing financial detailed process is a comprehensive framework for managing the financialoperations of a manufacturing company. By following these steps, companies can ensure accuracy, efficiency, and compliance in their financial reporting and decision-making.。
机械制造业常用英语单词
英语参考资料一、英语缩写及对应中文ＡＢＣ: 作业制成本制度（Activity-Based Costing）ＡＢＢ: 实施作业制预算制度（Activity-Based Budgeting）ＡＢＭ: 作业制成本管理（Activity-Base Management）ＡＰＳ: 先进规画与排程系统（Advanced Planning and Scheduling）ＡＳＰ: 应用程序服务供货商（Application Service Provider）ＡＴＰ: 可承诺量（Available To Promise）ＢＯＭ: 物料清单（Bill Of Material）ＢＰＲ: 企业流程再造（Business Process Reengineering）ＢＳＣ: 平衡记分卡（Balanced ScoreCard）ＢＴＦ: 计划生产（Build To Forecast）ＢＴＯ: 订单生产（Build To Order）ＣＰＭ: 要径法（Critical Path Method）ＣＲＭ: 客户关系管理（Customer Relationship Management）ＣＲＰ: 产能需求规划（Capacity Requirements Planning）ＣＴＯ: 客制化生产（Configuration To Order）ＤＢＲ: 限制驱导式排程法（Drum-Buffer-Rope）ＤＲＰ: 运销资源计划（Distribution Resource Planning）ＤＳＳ: 决策支持系统（Decision Support System）ＥＣ: 设计变更／工程变更（Engineer Change）ＥＣ: 电子商务（Electronic Commerce）ＥＤＩ: 电子资料交换（Electronic Data Interchange）ＥＩＳ: 主管决策系统（Excutive Information System）ＥＯＱ: 基本经济订购量（Economic Order Quantity）ＥＲＰ: 企业资源规划（Enterprise Resource Planning）ＦＭＳ: 弹性制造系统（Flexible Manufacture System）ＦＱＣ: 成品品质管制（Finish or Final Quality Control）ＩＰＱＣ: 制程品质管制（In-Process Quality Control）ＩＱＣ: 进料品质管制（Incoming Quality Control）ＪＩＴ: 实时管理（Just In Time）ＫＭ: 知识管理（Knowledge Management）Ｌ４Ｌ: 逐批订购法（Lot-for-Lot）ＬＴＣ: 最小总成本法（Least Total Cost）ＬＵＣ: 最小单位成本（Least Unit Cost）ＭＥＳ: 制造执行系统（Manufacturing Execution System）ＭＰＳ: 主生产排程（Master Production Schedule）ＭＲＰ: 物料需求规划（Material Requirement Planning）ＭＲＰⅡ: 制造资源计划（Manufacturing Resource Planning）ＯＥＭ: 委托代工（Original Equipment Manufacture）ＯＤＭ: 委托设计与制造（Original Design & Manufacture）ＯＬＡＰ: 线上分析处理（On-Line Analytical Processing）ＯＬＴＰ: 线上交易处理（On-Line Transaction Processing）ＯＰＴ: 最佳生产技术（Optimized Production Technology）ＯＱＣ: 出货品质管制（Out-going Quality Control）ＰＤＣＡ: PDCA管理循环（Plan-Do-Check-Action）ＰＤＭ: 产品数据管理系统（Product Data Management）ＰＥＲＴ: 计画评核术（Program Evaluation and Review Technique）ＰＯＨ: 预估在手量（Project on Hand）ＱＣＣ: 品管圈（Quality Control Circle）ＲＣＣＰ: 粗略产能规划（Rough Cut Capacity Planning）ＲＯＰ: 再订购点（Re-Order Point）ＳＣＭ: 供应链管理（Supply Chain Management）ＳＦＣ: 现场控制（Shop Floor Control）ＳＩＳ: 策略信息系统（Strategic Information System）ＳＰＣ: 统计制程管制（Statistic Process Control）ＴＯＣ: 限制理论（Theory of Constraints）ＴＱＣ: 全面品质管制（Total Quality Control）ＴＱＭ: 全面品质管理（Total Quality Management）ＷＩＰ: 在制品（Work In Process）APQP: 产品质量先期策划和控制计划（Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan ）PPAP: 生产件批准程序（Production Part Approval Process）FMEA: 潜在失效模式及后果分析（Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis,）SPC : 统计过程控制（Statistical Process Control）OEM: Original Equipment ManufacturerANOVA : 方差分析法（Analysis of Variance）DFMEA : 设计失效模式及后果分析（Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis）DOE : 试验设计（Design of Experiment）GR&R : 量具的重复性和再现性（Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility）PFMEA : 过程失效模式及后果分析（Process Failure Mode and Effect Analysis）QSR: 质量体系要求（Quality System Requirement）QFD : 质量功能展开（Quality Function Deployment）BOM : 物料清单（Bill of Material）Cpk: 稳定过程的能力指数（Capability for stable process）LCL : 下控制限（Lower Control Limit）UCL : 上控制限（Upper Control Limit）LSL : 工程规范下限（Lower Specification Limit）X(—)--R图: 均值一极差图（Average-Range Chart）Mistake Proofing: 防错ETA : 预计到达（Estimate to be arrive）PO: 定单（Purchase order）M/C : 机器（machine）RFQ : 报价需求（Request for quotation）MFI : 熔融流动指数（Melt flow index）FAI : 全尺寸检测报告（First article inspection）COC : 材质证明（Certificate of compliance）ALT : 加速老化试验（Accelerated life test）CRR : 承认书（Component review report）OT: 加班（Over time）CAP : 矫正计划（Corrective action plan）R&D : 研发（Research and Development）ASAP: 尽快（As soon as possible）ECN: 工程更改通知（Engineering change notice）DCN: 设计更改通知（Design change notice）OTD: 准时交货（On time delivery）二、日常办公英语总经理办公室General manager’s office 模具部Tooling department项目部Project department 品质部Quality department计划部Plan department制造部Manufacture departmentKeypad产品部Keypad departmentIMD 产品部IMD department五金部Metal stamping department设计科Design section冲压车间Stamping workshop电镀车间Plating workshop物控科Production material control section 计划科Plan section仓务科Warehouse section商务科Business section品质规划科quality plan sectionIQC科IQC sectionIPQC科IPQC sectionOQC科OQC section检测中心measurement center项目规划科Project plan section项目XX科Project section XX试模科Mold test section成本科Cost section设备科Facility section采购科Purchase section综合办General affairs office编程科Programming section 模具工程科Tooling engineering section 模具装配车间Mold assembly workshop 文控中心Document control center (DCC) 注塑车间Injection workshop喷涂车间Spray painting workshop装配车间Assembly workshop总经理General manager (GM)经理managerXX部门经理Manager of XX department 原料库Raw material warehouse半成品库Semi-finished product warehouse成品库Finished product warehouse科长section chief主任chief部门主管department head主管, 线长supervisor组长Foreman, forelady秘书secretary文员clerk操作员operator助理assistant职员staff三、专业英语名词超声波焊接ultrasonic welding 塑胶件Plastic parts塑材Raw parts喷涂件Painted parts装配件Assembly parts零件Component原料Raw material油漆Paint稀释剂Thinner油墨Ink 物料编号part number注塑模具injection mold冲压模具Stamping tool模架mold base定模座板Fixed clamp plate A板A plateB板B plate支承板support plate方铁spacer plate回位销Return pin导柱Guide pin动模座板Moving clamp plate 顶针ejector pin单腔模具single cavity mold 多腔模具multi-cavity mold浇口gate合模力clamping force锁模力locking force开裂crack循环时间cycle time老化aging螺杆screw镶件Insert主流道sprue分流道runner浇口gate直浇口direct gate点浇口pin-point gate测浇口edge gate潜伏浇口submarine gate浇口套sprue bush流道板runner plate排气槽vent分型线（面）parting line定模Fixed mold动模movable mold型腔cavity凹模cavity plate,凸模core plate 斜销angle pin滑块slide拉料杆sprue puller定位环locating ring脱模斜度draft滑动型芯slide core螺纹型芯threaded core热流道模具hot-runner mold熔合纹weld line三板式模具three plate mold脱模ejection脱模剂release agent注射能力shot capacity注射速率injection rate注射压力injection pressure保压时间holding time闭模时间closing time电加工设备Electron Discharge Machining 数控加工中心CNC machine center万能铁床Universal milling machine平面磨床Surface grinding machine万能摇臂钻床Universal radial movable driller立式钻床Vertical driller倒角chamfer键Key键槽keyway间距pitch快速成型模Rapid prototype tool （RPT）数控加工numerical control machining原材料raw material主要材料primary material; direct material 辅助材料auxiliary material; indirect material 代用材料substituent 易损材料quick-wear material 废料waste material型材section板材plate棒材bar stock铸件casting锻件forgings焊接件weldment模压件molded parts冲压件stamping合格品accepted product conforming article 不合格品: defective unit non conforming article废品discard返修品rewotking parts样品specimen ; sample工件workpiece配套件(配件)fitting part备品（备件）spare part附件accessory零件part部件subassembly标准件standard part外购件purchased part外协件teamwork part 易损件: quick-wear part试件testing part一般特性general character重要特性important character锻造forging铸造casting钳加工bench work焊接welding铆接riveting热处理heat treatment机械加工machining冷作cold work冲压stamping压力加工mechanical metal processing 塑料成型加工plastic processing电加工electric machining电火花加工electrical discharge machining(EDM)装配assembly包装packaging四、品管专业名词SPC statistic process control品质保证Quality Assurance(QA)品质控制Quality control(QC)来料检验IQC Incoming quality control 巡检IPQC In-process quality control 校对calibration环境试验Environmental test光泽gloss拉伸强度tensile strength盐雾实验salt spray test翘曲warp比重specific gravity 疲劳fatigue撕裂强度tear strength缩痕sink mark耐久性durability抽样sampling样品数量sample sizeAQL Acceptable Quality level 批量lot size抽样计划sampling plan抗张强度Tensile Strength抗折强度Flexural Strength 硬度Rigidity色差Color Difference涂镀层厚度Coating Thickness导电性能Electric Conductivity粘度viscosity附着力adhesion耐磨Abrasion resistance尺寸Dimension(喷涂)外观问题Cosmetic issue不合格品Non-conforming product 限度样板Limit sample质量手册Quality Manual质量计划Quality Plan质量策划Quality Planning质量记录Quality Records原始数据Raw Data 反应计划Reaction Plan返修Repai返工Rework现场Site分承包方Subcontractors产品product质量quality质量要求quality requirement顾客满意customer satisfaction质量管理体系quality management system 质量方针quality policy质量目标quality objective质量管理quality management质量控制quality control质量保证quality assurance五、生产工艺专业名词注塑机injection machine冲床Punch machine嵌件注塑Insert molding双色注塑Double injection molding 薄壁注塑Thin wall molding膜内注塑IMD molding ( In-mold decoration）移印Tampo printing丝印Silk screen printing热熔Heat staking超声熔接Ultrasonic welding (USW）尼龙nylon黄铜brass青铜bronze紫(纯)铜copper料斗hopper麻点pit 配料compounding涂层coating飞边flash缺料Short mold烧焦Burn mark缩水Sink mark气泡Bubbles破裂Crack熔合线Welding line流痕Flow mark银条Silver streak黑条Black streak表面光泽不良Lusterless 表面剥离Pelling翘曲变形Deformation 脏圬Stain mark油污Oil mark蓝黑点Blue-black mark 顶白Pin mark拉伤Scratch限度样品Limit sample 最佳样品Golden sample 预热preheating再生料recycle material 机械手Robot 机器人Servo robot试生产Trial run; Pilot run (PR) 量产mass production切料头Degate产能Capacity能力Capability参数Parameter二次加工Secondary process六、物流控制专业名词保质期shelf lifeABC分类法ABC Classification装配Assembly平均库存Average Inventory批号Batch Number批量生产Mass Production提货单Bill of Lading物料清单Bill of Material采购员Buyer检查点Check Point有效日期Date Available修改日期Date Changed结束日期Date Closed截止日期Date Due生产日期Date in Produced库存调整日期Date Inventory Adjust作废日期D ate Obsolete收到日期Date Received交付日期Date Released需求日期Date Required需求管理Demand Management需求Demand工程变更生效日期Engineering Change Effect Date 呆滞材料分析Excess Material Analysis 完全跟踪Full Pegging在制品库存In Process Inventory投入/产出控制Input/ Output Control检验标识Inspection ID库存周转率Inventory Carry Rate准时制生产Just-in-time (JIT)看板Kanban人工工时Labor Hour最后运输日期Last Shipment Date提前期Lead Time负荷Loading仓位代码Location Code仓位状况Location Status批量标识Lot ID批量编号Lot Number批量Lot Size机器能力Machine Capacity机器加载Machine Loading制造周期时间Manufacturing Cycle Time 制造资源计划Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II)物料成本Material Cost物料发送和接收Material Issues andReceipts物料需求计划Material Requirements Planning (MRP)现有库存量On-hand Balance订单输入Order Entry零件批次Part Lot零件编号Part Number (P/N)零件Part领料单Picking List领料/提货Picking产品控制Product Control产品线Production Line采购订单跟踪Purchase Order Tracking需求量Quantity Demand毛需求量Quantity Gross安全库存量Safety Stock在制品Work in Process零库存Zero Inventories审核Audit能力Capability能力指数Capability Indices控制计划Control Plans纠正措施Corrective Action文件Documentation作业指导书Standard operation procedure (SOP); Work instruction不合格品Nonconformance不合格Nonconformity每百万零件不合格数Defective Parts Per Million, DPPM预防措施Preventive Action程序Procedures过程流程图Process Flow Diagram, Process Flow Chart 组织organization顾客customer供方supplier过程process服务service设计与开发design and development: 特性characteristic可追溯性trace ability合格conformity缺陷defect纠正correction让步concession放行release报废scrap规范specification检验inspection试验test验证verification评审review测量measurement普通原因Common Cause均值Mean极差Range稳定性Stability计量型数据Variables Data变差Variation重复性Repeatability再现性Reproducibility稳定性Stability线性Linearity分辨率Resolution过程更改Process change质量功能展开QFD外观项目Appearance Item初始过程能力Preliminary Process Capability材料清单Bill of Material 设计确认Design Validation 设计验证Design Verification七、通用词语确保ensure构想construct会签con-sign功能Function机构organization外观appearance适用apply to作业流程Operation flow附件attachment商务人员business personnel汇总summarize指定相关人员designated personnel 新产品开发说明会new product development explanation meeting 拟定Prepare委托entrust认证qualify电子档Soft copy3D文件3D database移转Transfer执行ConductXXX申请单XXX Application form 客户要求Customer requirement启动Kick off评估Evaluation作业员Operator批准, 承认Approval合同评审Contract review可靠性Reliability 相关的Relevant程序Procedure制程Process流程图Flow chart产品Product生产Production资材Logistics责任Responsibility跟进Follow-up交付Delivery汇总Summarize外协加工subcontract指定相关人员designated personnel 编号number附件attachment产品名称Description周期循环时间Cycle time模具号Mold No,数量quantity ( Qt’y )备注remarkSAP号SAP No.客户Customer表单Form初步的Preliminary版本Version根本原因Root cause（喷漆）夹具Fixture（设备）小夹具Jig设备Equipment设施Facility送, 提交（样品）Submit责任部门,责任人Responsible by （大的）目标Objective(小的, 具体的)目标Target格式Format 上岗证Qualification card需求Requirement现场On site查检表Checklist试产pilot增值税VAT---value-added tax模具图面常见符号含义M,MC ―― 铣SP ―――― 基准点H ――― 热处理TYP ―――― 典型尺寸ELE ―― 镀铬RP ―――― 圆弧点DYE ―― 染黑CEN,CL ―― 中心线G ――― 磨TAN ―――― 切点PG ――― 光学曲线磨THR ―――― 穿孔JG ――― 坐标磨BOTT ――― 底面W/C,W ――线割TOP ―――― 顶面E,EDM―― 放电SYM ―――― 对称L ―――― 车T ――――― 厚度INT ――― 交点CB ―――― 沉孔C ―――― 倒角CLEAR ――― 间隙11。
CPA 科目中英文对照表
现金Cash in hand银行存款Cash in bank其他货币资金-外埠存款Other monetary assets - cash in other cities其他货币资金-银行本票Other monetary assets - cashier‘s check其他货币资金-银行汇票Other monetary assets - bank draft 其他货币资金-信用卡Other monetary assets - credit cards其他货币资金-信用证保证金Other monetary assets - L/C deposit其他货币资金-存出投资款Other monetary assets - cash for investment短期投资-股票投资Investments - Short term - stocks短期投资-债券投资Investments - Short term - bonds短期投资-基金投资Investments - Short term - funds短期投资-其他投资Investments - Short term - others短期投资跌价准备Provision for short-term investment长期股权投资-股票投资Long term equity investment - stocks长期股权投资-其他股权投资Long term equity investment - others长期债券投资-债券投资Long term securities investemnt - bonds长期债券投资-其他债权投资Long term securities investment - others长期投资减值准备Provision for long-term investment应收票据Notes receivable应收股利Dividends receivable应收利息Interest receivable应收帐款Trade debtors坏帐准备- 应收帐款Provision for doubtful debts - trade debtors预付帐款Prepayment应收补贴款Allowance receivable其他应收款Other debtors坏帐准备- 其他应收款Provision for doubtful debts - other debtors其他流动资产Other current assets物资采购Purchase原材料Raw materials包装物Packing materials低值易耗品Low value consumbles材料成本差异Material cost difference自制半成品Self-manufactured goods 库存商品Finished goods商品进销差价Difference between purchase & sales of commodities委托加工物资Consigned processiong material委托代销商品Consignment-out受托代销商品Consignment-in分期收款发出商品Goods on instalment sales存货跌价准备Provision for obsolete stocks待摊费用Prepaid expenses待处理流动资产损益Unsettled G/L on current assets待处理固定资产损益Unsettled G/L on fixed assets委托贷款-本金Consignment loan - principle委托贷款-利息Consignment loan - interest委托贷款-减值准备Consignment loan - provision固定资产-房屋建筑物Fixed assets - Buildings固定资产-机器设备Fixed assets - Plant and machinery固定资产-电子设备、器具及家具Fixed assets - Electronic Equipment, furniture and fixtures固定资产-运输设备Fixed assets - Automobiles累计折旧Accumulated depreciation固定资产减值准备Impairment of fixed assets工程物资-专用材料Project material - specific materials工程物资-专用设备Project material - specific equipment工程物资-预付大型设备款Project material - prepaid for equipment工程物资-为生产准备的工具及器具Project material - tools and facilities for production在建工程Construction in progress在建工程减值准备Impairment of construction in progress固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets无形资产-专利权Intangible assets - patent无形资产-非专利技术Intangible assets - industrial property and know-how无形资产-商标权Intangible assets - trademark rights无形资产-土地使用权Intangible assets - land use rights无形资产-商誉Intangible assets - goodwill无形资产减值准备Impairment of intangible assets长期待摊费用Deferred assets未确认融资费用Unrecognized finance fees其他长期资产Other long term assets递延税款借项Deferred assets debits应付票据Notes payable应付帐款Trade creditors预收帐款Adanvances from customers代销商品款Consignment-in payables其他应交款Other payable to government其他应付款Other creditors应付股利Proposed dividends待转资产价值Donated assets预计负债Accrued liabilities应付短期债券Short-term debentures payable其他流动负债Other current liabilities预提费用Accrued expenses应付工资Payroll payable应付福利费Welfare payable短期借款-抵押借款Bank loans - Short term - pledged短期借款-信用借款Bank loans - Short term - credit短期借款-担保借款Bank loans - Short term - guaranteed一年内到期长期借款Long term loans due within one year一年内到期长期应付款Long term payable due within one year长期借款Bank loans - Long term应付债券-债券面值Bond payable - Par value应付债券-债券溢价Bond payable - Excess应付债券-债券折价Bond payable - Discount应付债券-应计利息Bond payable - Accrued interest长期应付款Long term payable专项应付款Specific payable其他长期负债Other long term liabilities应交税金-所得税Tax payable - income tax应交税金-增值税Tax payable - V A T应交税金-营业税Tax payable - business tax应交税金-消费税Tax payable - consumable tax应交税金-其他Tax payable - others递延税款贷项Deferred taxation credit股本Share capital已归还投资Investment returned利润分配-其他转入Profit appropriation - other transfer in利润分配-提取法定盈余公积Profit appropriation - statutory surplus reserve利润分配-提取法定公益金Profit appropriation - statutory welfare reserve利润分配-提取储备基金Profit appropriation - reserve fund 利润分配-提取企业发展基金Profit appropriation - enterprise development fund利润分配-提取职工奖励及福利基金Profit appropriation - staff bonus and welfare fund利润分配-利润归还投资Profit appropriation - return investment by profit利润分配-应付优先股股利Profit appropriation - preference shares dividends利润分配-提取任意盈余公积Profit appropriation - other surplus reserve利润分配-应付普通股股利Profit appropriation - ordinary shares dividends利润分配-转作股本的普通股股利Profit appropriation - ordinary shares dividends converted to shares期初未分配利润Retained earnings, beginning of the year资本公积-股本溢价Capital surplus - share premium资本公积-接受捐赠非现金资产准备Capital surplus - donation reserve资本公积-接受现金捐赠Capital surplus - cash donation资本公积-股权投资准备Capital surplus - investment reserve 资本公积-拨款转入Capital surplus - subsidiary资本公积-外币资本折算差额Capital surplus - foreign currency translation资本公积-其他Capital surplus - others盈余公积-法定盈余公积金Surplus reserve - statutory surplus reserve盈余公积-任意盈余公积金Surplus reserve - other surplus reserve盈余公积-法定公益金Surplus reserve - statutory welfare reserve盈余公积-储备基金Surplus reserve - reserve fund盈余公积-企业发展基金Surplus reserve - enterprise development fund盈余公积-利润归还投资Surplus reserve - reture investment by investment主营业务收入Sales主营业务成本Cost of sales主营业务税金及附加Sales tax营业费用Operating expenses管理费用General and administrative expenses财务费用Financial expenses投资收益Investment income其他业务收入Other operating income营业外收入Non-operating income补贴收入Subsidy income其他业务支出Other operating expenses营业外支出Non-operating expenses所得税Income tax直接人工成本差异（direct labor variance）直接材料成本差异（direct material variance）在产品计价（work-in-process costing）联产品成本计算（joint products costing）生产成本汇总程序（accumulation process of procluction cost）制造费用差异（manufacturing expenses variance）实际成本与估计成本（actual cost and estimated cost）工资费用分配（salary costs allocation）成本曲线（cost curve）农业生产成本（agriculture production cost）原始成本和重置成本（original cost and replacement cost）工程施工成本直接成本与间接成本（direct cost and indirect cost）可控成本（controllable cost）制造费用分配（manufacturing expenses allocation）理论成本与应用成本（theory cost and practice cost）辅助生产成本分配（auxiliary production cost allocation）期间,费用成本控制程序（procedure of cost control）成本记录（cost entry, cost recorder cost agenda）成本计算分批法（job costing method）成本计算分步法直接人工成本差异（direct labor variance）成本控制方法（cost control method）内河运输成本生产费用要素（elements of production expenses）历史成本与未来成本（historical cost and future cost）可避免成本与不可避免成本（avoidable cost and unavoidable cost）成本计算期（cost period）平均成本与个别成本（avorage cost and individual cost）跨期摊提费用分配（inter-period expenses allocation）计划成本（planned cost）数量差异（quantity variance）燃料费用分配（fuel expenses allocation）定额成本控制制度（norm cost control system）定额管理（management norm）可递延成本与不可递延成本（deferrable cost and undeferrable cost）成本控制标准（standard of cost control）副产品成本计算（by-product costing）责任成本（responsibility cost）生产损失核算（production loss accounting）生产成本（production cost）预计成本（predicted cost）成本结构（cost structure）房地产开发成本主要成本与加工成本（prime costs and processing costs）决策成本（cost of decision making）成本计算品种法（category costing method）在产品成本（work-in-process cost）工厂成本（factory cost）成本考核（cost assess ）制造费用（manufactruing expenses）动力费用分配（power expenses allocation）趋势分析法（trend analysis approach）成本计算简单法（simple costing method）责任成本层次（levels of responsibility cost）对比分析法（comparative analysis approach）约当产量比例法（equivalent units method）原始记录（original record）可比产品成本分析（general product cost analysis）成本计算方法（costing method）成本计算对象（costing objective）成本计算单位（costing unit）成本计划完成情况分析成本计划管理体系（planned management system of cost）成本计划（cost plan）成本会计（cost accounting）成本核算原则（principle of costing）成本核算程序（cost accounting qrocedures）成本核算成本（costing account）成本核算（costing）成本归集（cost accumulation）成本管理（cost management）成本分析（cost analysis）成本分配（ocst allocation）成本分类账（cost ledger）成本分类（cost classifiction）成本费用界限成本调整（cost adjustment）成本差异（cost variance）成本报告（costing report）成本（cost）车间成本（workshop cost）厂内经济核算制（internal business accounting system）厂内结算价格（internal settlement prices）产品寿命周期成本（product life cycle cost）产品成本项目（cost items of product）产品成本技术经济分析产品成本计划（the plan of product costs）产品成本（product cost）初级会计汇总原始凭证（cumulative source document）汇总记账凭证核算形式（bookkeeping procedure using summary ovchers）工作底稿（working paper）复式记账凭证（mvltiple account titles voucher）复式记账法（Double entry bookkeeping）复合分录（compound entry）划线更正法（correction by drawing a straight ling）汇总原始凭证（cumulative source document）会计凭证（accounting documents）会计科目表（chart of accounts）会计科目（account title）红字更正法（correction by using red ink）会计核算形式（bookkeeping procedures）过账（posting）会计致迹╝ccounting entry）会计循环（accounting cycle）会计账簿（Book of accounts）活页式账簿（loose-leaf book）集合分配账户（clearing accounts）计价对比账户（matching accounts）记账方法（bookkeeping methods）记账规则（recording rules）记账凭证（voucher）记账凭证核算形式（Bookkeeping proced ureusing vouchers）记账凭证汇总表核算形式（bookkeeping procedure using categorized account summary）简单分录（simple entry）结算账户（settlement accounts）结账（closing account）结账分录（closing entry）借贷记账法（debit-credit bookkeeping）通用日记账核算形式（bookkeeping procedure using general journal）外来原始凭证（source document from outside）现金日记账（cash journal）虚账户（nominal accounts）序时账簿（book of chronological entry）一次凭证（single-record document）银行存款日记账（deposit journal）永续盘存制（perpetual inventory system）原始凭证（source document）暂记账户（suspense accounts）增减记账法（increase-decrease bookkeeping）债权结算账户（accounts for settlement of claim）债权债务结算账户（accounts for settlement of claim and debt）债务结算账户（accounts for settlement of debt）账户（account）账户编号（Account number）账户对应关系（debit-credit relationship）账项调整（adjustment of account）专用记账凭证（special-purpose voucher）转回分录（reversing entry）资金来源账户（accounts of sources of funds）资产负债账户（balance sheet accounts）转账凭证（transfer voucher）资金运用账户（accounts of applications of funds）自制原始凭证（internal source document）总分类账簿（general ledger）总分类账户（general account）附加账户（adjunct accounts）付款凭证（payment voucher）分类账簿（ledger）中级会计固定资产（fixed assets）利润总额利益分配（profit distribution）应计费用（accrued expense）商标权（trademarks and tradenames）全部履行法净利润（net income）应付利润（profit payable）未分配利润收益债券（income bonds）货币资金利息资本化（capitalization of interests）公益金工程物资预付账款（advance to supplier）其他应收款（other receivables）现金（cash）预收账款公司债券发行（corporate bond floatation）应付工资（wages payable）实收资本（paid-in capital）盈余公积（surplus reserves）管理费用土地使用权股利（dividend）应交税金（taxes payable）流动资金负商誉（negative goodwill）费用的确认（recognition of expense）短期投资（temporary investment）专项资产【旧】专有技术（know-how）专营权（franchises）资本公积（capital reserves）资产负债表法资金占用和资金来源[旧]自然资源（natural resources）存货（inventory）车间经费【旧】偿债基金（sinking fund）长期应付款（long-term payables）长期投资（long-term investments）长期借款（long-term loans）长期负债（long-term liability of long-term debt）财务费用（financing expenses）拨定留存收益（appropriated retained earnings）标准成本法（standard costing）变动成本法（variable costing）比例履行法包装物版权（copyrights）高级会计期货交易市场（market of futures transaction）期货交易（futures transaction）举债经营融资租赁（leveraged lease）金融工具（financial instruments）企业集团（business qroup）年度报告（annual report）内部往来（transactions between home office and branches）合伙企业（partnership enterprise）合并资产负债表（consolidated balance sheet）合并主体的所得税会计（accounting for income taxes of consolidated entities）（美）合并现金流量表（consolidated statement of cash flow）合并价差（cost-book value differentials）合并会计报表（consolidated financial statements）购买法（purchase methed）企业整体价值（the value of an enterprise as a whole）权益结合法（pooling of interest method）期内所得税分摊（intraperiod tax allocation）（美）期末存货的未实现损益（unrealized profit in ending inventory）公司间的长期资产业务（intercompany transactions in long-term assets）名义货币保全（maintaining capital in units of money）基金论（the fund theory）功能性货币（functional currency）（美）汇兑损益（exchange gains or losses）合并财务状况变动表（consolidated statement of changes in financial poition）合并财务状况变动表（consolidated statement of换算损益（translation gains or losses）举债经营收购（Leveraged buyouts,简称LBC）（美）母公司持股比例变动（change in ownership percentage held by parent）交互分配法（reciprocal allocation approach）（美）货币项（monetary items）合伙清算（partnership liquidation全面分摊法（comprehensive allocation）固定资产投资方向调节税合并费用（expenses related to combinations）间接标价法（indirect quotation）买入汇率（buying rate）期货合约（futrues contract）混合合并（conglomeration）控投公司（holding company）股票指数期货（stock index futrues）横向销售（crosswise sale）固定汇率（fixed rate）纳税影响法（tax effect method）记账汇率（recording rate）横向合并（horizontal integration）合并前股利（preacquisition dividends）可变现净值（net realizable）企业合并会计（accounting for business combination）平仓盈亏（offset gain and loss）卖出汇率（selling rate）金融期货交易（financial futures transaction）会计利润（accounting income）合并损益表（consolidated income statement）公允价值（fair value）期权（options）间接控股（indirect holding）两笔交易观（two-transaction opinion）破产清算（bankrupcy liquidation）企业合并（business combination）企业论（the enterprise theory）商品寄销（consignment）个人所得税（personal income tax）个人财务报表（personal financial state-ments）（美）改组计划（reorganization plan）（美）改组（reorganization）复杂权益法（complex equity method）附属公司（associated company）负权人偿金（dividend）浮动汇率（floating rate）分支机构会计（accounting for branch）推定赎回损益（constructive gains and losses on bonds）推定赎回（constructive retirement）投机（spculation）贴水（discount）特定物价指数（specific price index）分支机构（branch）分期收款销货（installment sales）分次清算（installment liquidation）分部报告（segmental reporting）房地产收入（real estate revenue）房地产成本（cost of real setate）房地产（real estate）多种汇率法（multiply exchange rate）对境外实体的净投资（net investment in foreign entities）订量单位：（units of measurement）递延法（deffered method）当代理论（contemporary theory）单一汇率法（singal method）退休金（pension plan）退休金会计（accounting for pension plan）（美）退休金给付义务（pension benefit obligations）（美）外币（foreign currency）外币业务（foreign currency transaction）吸收合并（merger）物价变动会计（accounting for price changes）无偿债能力（insolvency）完全合并（full consolidation）物价指数（price index）物价变动（price changes）完全应计法（full accrual method）物价总指数（general price index）外汇期货交易（foreign exchange frtrues transaction）下推会计（push-down accounting）（美）先折算后调整法（translation-remeasurement method）现行成本/稳值货币会计（current cost/general purchasing power accountin）现行成本（crurent cost）现行成本会计（current cost accounting）先调整后折算法（remeasurement-translation method）销售代理处（sales agency）相互持股（mutual holdings）相对账户调节（reconciliation of home office and branch accounts）新合伙人入伙（admission of a new parther）向上销售（upstream sale）衍生金融工具（derivative financial instru-ments）销售式融资租赁（sales-type financing lease）向下销售（downstream sale）消费税（consumer tax）一笔交易观（one-transaction opinion）业主权论（the proprietorship theory）一般物价水准会计（general price level accounting）一般购买力单位（units of general purchasing power）招股说明书（prospectus）中间汇率（middle rate）中期报告（interim reporting）重置成本（replacement cost）转租赁（subleases）准改组（quasi-reorbganization）（美）资本保全（capital maintenance）资本化价值（capitalized value）资本因素（capital factor）资产负债法（asset/libility method）存货转让价格（inventory transfer price）创立合并（consolidation）出租人会计（accounting for leases-lessor）持有（产）损益（holding gains losses）持仓盈亏（opsition gain and loss）承租人会计（accounting for leases-leasee）成本回收法（cost recovery method）纵向合并（Vertical integration）综合变动（general change）子公司权益变动（change in ownership of a subsidiary）子公司（subsidiary company）资源税（resources tax）成本法（cost method）财产信托会计（fiduciary accounting）（美）财产税（property tax）部分分摊法（partial allocation）不合并子公司（unconsolidated subsidiaries）最低退休金负债（minimum liability）（美）租赁（leases）租金（rents）企业会计企业财务（business finance）期权市场（option market）期货市场（future market）可转让定期存单市场（negotiable CDmarket）货币市场（money market）黄金市场（gold market）国有独资公司股份有限公司（company limited by shares）股份两合公司（limited pactnership）公司（company）二级市场（security secondary market）独资企业（sole proprietorship）店头市场（over-the -counter-market）承兑市场（acceptance market）拆借市场（lending market）财务制度（financial regulations）财务政策（financial policy）财务预测（financial forecast）财务控制（financial control）金融市场（financial market）财务决策（financial decision）财务监督（financial cupervision）财务计划（financial planning）财务活动（financial activities）财务管理组织（organization of financial management）一级市场（security primary market）无限责任公司（company of unlimited liability）外汇市场（foreign exchange market）贴现市场（dixcount market）企业组织形式（forms of enterprise organization）政府会计企业财务（business finance）期权市场（option market）期货市场（future market）可转让定期存单市场（negotiable CDmarket）货币市场（money market）黄金市场（gold market）国有独资公司股份有限公司（company limited by shares）股份两合公司（limited pactnership）公司（company）二级市场（security secondary market）独资企业（sole proprietorship）店头市场（over-the -counter-market）承兑市场（acceptance market）拆借市场（lending market）财务制度（financial regulations）财务政策（financial policy）财务预测（financial forecast）财务控制（financial control）金融市场（financial market）财务决策（financial decision）财务监督（financial cupervision）财务计划（financial planning）财务活动（financial activities）财务管理组织（organization of financial management）一级市场（security primary market）无限责任公司（company of unlimited liability）外汇市场（foreign exchange market）贴现市场（dixcount market）企业组织形式（forms of enterprise organization）事业单位会计（accounting for non-profit organizations）事业单位固定资产（fixed assets for non-profit organizations）事业单位固定基金（fixed funds non-profit organizations）事业单位负债（liabilities for non-profit organizations）事业单位对外投资（outside investments for non-profit organizations）事业单位财务清算（liquidation of non-profit organization）上缴上级支出（payment to the higher authority）上级补助收入（grant from the higher authority）其他收入（miscellaneous gains）科学事业单位资产（scientific research instifutes'assets）科学事业单位支出（scientific research institutes'expenditures）科学事业单位预算（scientific research institutes'budgeting）科学事业单位收入（scientific research institutes'revenues）科学事业单位结余（scientific research institutes'surplus）科学事业单位会计制度（accointing regulations for scientific research instifutes）科学事业单位会计报表分析（scientific research institutes-analysis of accounting statements）科学事业单位会计（sicentific research institute accounting）科学事业单位成本费用管理（scientific research institutes-cost maragement）科学事业单位财务制度（financial regulations for scientific research institutes）经营支出（orerating expense ）经营收入（operating revenue）基金预算支出（fund budget expenditure）基金预算收入（fund budget revenue）基金预算结余（surplus of fund budget）国家预算（state budget）国家决算（final accounts of state revenue and expenditure）高等学校资产（colleges and universities assets）高等学校支出（colleges and universities expenditures）高等学校预算管理方式（budget management method of colleges and universities）高等学校收入（colleges and universities revenues）专用基金支出（expenditure on special purpose fund）专用基金收入（proceeds from special purpose fund）专用基金结余（surplus of special purpose funds）中华人民共和国预算法（the budget law of the people's Republic of China）资金调拨支出（expenditure on allocated and transeferred fund）财政收入（public finance-revemue）财政净资产（public finance-net assets）财政负债（public finance-liabilities）财政补助收入（grant from the state）拨入专款（restricted appropriation）。
(财务会计)会计科目中英文对照
1 资产assets11~ 12 流动资产current assets111 现金及约当现金cash and cash equivalents1111 库存现金cash on hand1112 零用金/周转金petty cash/revolving funds1113 银行存款cash in banks1116 在途现金cash in transit1117 约当现金cash equivalents1118 其它现金及约当现金other cash and cash equivalents112 短期投资short-term investment1121 短期投资-股票short-term investments - stock1122 短期投资-短期票券short-term investments - short-term notes and bills1123 短期投资-政府债券short-term investments - government bonds1124 短期投资-受益凭证short-term investments - beneficiary certificates1125 短期投资-公司债short-term investments - corporate bonds1128 短期投资-其它short-term investments - other1129 备抵短期投资跌价损失allowance for reduction of short-term investment to market 113 应收票据notes receivable1131 应收票据notes receivable1132 应收票据贴现discounted notes receivable1137 应收票据-关系人notes receivable - related parties1138 其它应收票据other notes receivable1139 备抵呆帐－应收票据allowance for uncollec- tible accounts- notes receivable 114 应收帐款accounts receivable1141 应收帐款accounts receivable1142 应收分期帐款installment accounts receivable1147 应收帐款-关系人accounts receivable - related parties1149 备抵呆帐－应收帐款allowance for uncollec- tible accounts - accounts receivable 118 其它应收款other receivables1181 应收出售远汇款forward exchange contract receivable1182 应收远汇款-外币forward exchange contract receivable - foreign currencies 1183 买卖远汇折价discount on forward ex-change contract1184 应收收益earned revenue receivable1185 应收退税款income tax refund receivable1187 其它应收款- 关系人other receivables - related parties1188 其它应收款- 其它other receivables - other1189 备抵呆帐- 其它应收款allowance for uncollec- tible accounts - other receivables 121~122 存货inventories1211 商品存货merchandise inventory1212 寄销商品consigned goods1213 在途商品goods in transit1219 备抵存货跌价损失allowance for reduction of inventory to market1221 制成品finished goods1222 寄销制成品consigned finished goods1223 副产品by-products1227 物料supplies1228 在途原物料materials and supplies in transit1229 备抵存货跌价损失allowance for reduction of inventory to market125 预付费用prepaid expenses1251 预付薪资prepaid payroll1252 预付租金prepaid rents1253 预付保险费prepaid insurance1254 用品盘存office supplies1255 预付所得税prepaid income tax1258 其它预付费用other prepaid expenses126 预付款项prepayments1261 预付货款prepayment for purchases1268 其它预付款项other prepayments128~129 其它流动资产other current assets1281 进项税额V AT paid ( or input tax)1282 留抵税额excess V AT paid (or overpaid V AT)1283 暂付款temporary payments1284 代付款payment on behalf of others1285 员工借支advances to employees1286 存出保证金refundable deposits1287 受限制存款certificate of deposit-restricted1291 递延所得税资产deferred income tax assets1292 递延兑换损失deferred foreign exchange losses1293 业主(股东)往来owners'(stockholders') current account1294 同业往来current account with others1298 其它流动资产-其它other current assets - other13 基金及长期投资funds and long-term investments131 基金funds1311 偿债基金redemption fund (or sinking fund)1312 改良及扩充基金fund for improvement and expansion1313 意外损失准备基金contingency fund1314 退休基金pension fund1318 其它基金other funds132 长期投资long-term investments1321 长期股权投资long-term equity investments1322 长期债券投资long-term bond investments1323 长期不动产投资long-term real estate in-vestments1324 人寿保险现金解约价值cash surrender value of life insurance1328 其它长期投资other long-term investments1329 备抵长期投资跌价损失allowance for excess of cost over market value of long-term investments14~ 15 固定资产property , plant, and equipment141 土地land1411 土地land1418 土地-重估增值land - revaluation increments142 土地改良物land improvements143 房屋及建物buildings1431 房屋及建物buildings1438 房屋及建物-重估增值buildings -revaluation increments1439 累积折旧-房屋及建物accumulated depreciation - buildings144~146 机(器)具及设备machinery and equipment1441 机(器)具machinery1448 机(器)具-重估增值machinery - revaluation increments1449 累积折旧-机(器)具accumulated depreciation - machinery151 租赁资产leased assets1511 租赁资产leased assets1519 累积折旧-租赁资产accumulated depreciation - leased assets152 租赁权益改良leasehold improvements1521 租赁权益改良leasehold improvements1529 累积折旧- 租赁权益改良accumulated depreciation - leasehold improvements156 未完工程及预付购置设备款construction in progress and prepayments for equipment 1561 未完工程construction in progress1562 预付购置设备款prepayment for equipment158 杂项固定资产miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment1581 杂项固定资产miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment1588 杂项固定资产-重估增值miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment - revaluation increments1589 累积折旧- 杂项固定资产accumulated depreciation - miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment16 递耗资产depletable assets161 递耗资产depletable assets1611 天然资源natural resources1618 天然资源-重估增值natural resources -revaluation increments1619 累积折耗-天然资源accumulated depletion - natural resources17 无形资产intangible assets171 商标权trademarks1711 商标权trademarks172 专利权patents1721 专利权patents173 特许权franchise1731 特许权franchise174 著作权copyright1741 著作权copyright175 计算机软件computer software1751 计算机软件computer software cost176 商誉goodwill1761 商誉goodwill177 开办费organization costs1771 开办费organization costs178 其它无形资产other intangibles1781 递延退休金成本deferred pension costs1782 租赁权益改良leasehold improvements1811 债券发行成本deferred bond issuance costs1812 长期预付租金long-term prepaid rent1813 长期预付保险费long-term prepaid insurance1814 递延所得税资产deferred income tax assets1815 预付退休金prepaid pension cost1818 其它递延资产other deferred assets182 闲置资产idle assets1821 闲置资产idle assets184 长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款long-term notes , accounts and overdue receivables 1841 长期应收票据long-term notes receivable1842 长期应收帐款long-term accounts receivable1843 催收帐款overdue receivables1847 长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款-关系人long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables- related parties1848 其它长期应收款项other long-term receivables1849 备抵呆帐-长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款allowance for uncollectible accounts - long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables185 出租资产assets leased to others1851 出租资产assets leased to others1858 出租资产-重估增值assets leased to others - incremental value from revaluation1859 累积折旧-出租资产accumulated depreciation - assets leased to others186 存出保证金refundable deposit1861 存出保证金refundable deposits188 杂项资产 miscellaneous assets1881 受限制存款certificate of deposit - restricted1888 杂项资产-其它miscellaneous assets – other2 负债liabilities21~ 22 流动负债current liabilities211 短期借款short-term borrowings(debt)2111 银行透支bank overdraft2112 银行借款bank loan2114 短期借款-业主short-term borrowings - owners2115 短期借款-员工short-term borrowings - employees2117 短期借款-关系人short-term borrowings- related parties2118 短期借款-其它short-term borrowings - other212 应付短期票券short-term notes and bills payable2121 应付商业本票commercial paper payable2122 银行承兑汇票bank acceptance2128 其它应付短期票券other short-term notes and bills payable2129 应付短期票券折价discount on short-term notes and bills payable213 应付票据notes payable2131 应付票据notes payable2137 应付票据-关系人notes payable - related parties2138 其它应付票据other notes payable214 应付帐款accounts pay able2141 应付帐款accounts payable217 应付费用accrued expenses2171 应付薪工accrued payroll2172 应付租金accrued rent payable2173 应付利息accrued interest payable2174 应付营业税accrued V AT payable2175 应付税捐-其它accrued taxes payable- other2178 其它应付费用other accrued expenses payable218~219 其它应付款other payables2181 应付购入远汇款forward exchange contract payable2182 应付远汇款-外币forward exchange contract payable - foreign currencies2183 买卖远汇溢价premium on forward exchange contract2184 应付土地房屋款payables on land and building purchased2185 应付设备款Payables on equipment2187 其它应付款-关系人other payables - related parties2191 应付股利dividend payable2192 应付红利bonus payable2193 应付董监事酬劳compensation payable to directors and supervisors2198 其它应付款-其它other payables - other226 预收款项advance receipts2261 预收货款sales revenue received in advance2262 预收收入revenue received in advance2268 其它预收款other advance receipts227 一年或一营业周期内到期长期负债long-term liabilities -current portion2271 一年或一营业周期内到期公司债corporate bonds payable - current portion2272 一年或一营业周期内到期长期借款long-term loans payable - current portion2273 一年或一营业周期内到期长期应付票据及款项long-term notes and accounts payable due within one year or one operating cycle2277 一年或一营业周期内到期长期应付票据及款项-关系人long-term notes and accounts payables to related parties - current portion2278 其它一年或一营业周期内到期长期负债other long-term lia- bilities - current portion 228~229 其它流动负债other current liabilities2281 销项税额V AT received(or output tax)2283 暂收款temporary receipts2284 代收款receipts under custody2285 估计售后服务/保固负债estimated warranty liabilities2291 递延所得税负债deferred income tax liabilities2292 递延兑换利益deferred foreign exchange gain2293 业主(股东)往来owners' current account2294 同业往来current account with others2298 其它流动负债-其它other current liabilities - others23 长期负债long-term liabilities231 应付公司债corporate bonds payable2311 应付公司债corporate bonds payable2319 应付公司债溢(折)价premium(discount) on corporate bonds payable232 长期借款long-term loans payable2321 长期银行借款long-term loans payable - bank2328 长期借款-其它long-term loans payable - other233 长期应付票据及款项long-term notes and accounts payable2331 长期应付票据long-term notes payable2332 长期应付帐款long-term accounts pay-able2333 长期应付租赁负债long-term capital lease liabilities2337 长期应付票据及款项-关系人Long-term notes and accounts payable - related parties 2338 其它长期应付款项other long-term payables234 估计应付土地增值税accrued liabilities for land value increment tax2341 估计应付土地增值税estimated accrued land value incremental tax pay-able235 应计退休金负债accrued pension liabilities2351 应计退休金负债accrued pension liabilities238 其它长期负债other long-term liabilities2388 其它长期负债-其它other long-term liabilities - other28 其它负债other liabilities281 递延负债deferred liabilities2811 递延收入deferred revenue2814 递延所得税负债deferred income tax liabilities2818 其它递延负债other deferred liabilities286 存入保证金deposits received2861 存入保证金guarantee deposit received288 杂项负债miscellaneous liabilities2888 杂项负债-其它miscellaneous liabilities - other3 业主权益owners' equity31 资本capital311 资本（或股本）capital3111 普通股股本capital - common stock3112 特别股股本capital - preferred stock3113 预收股本capital collected in advance3114 待分配股票股利stock dividends to be distributed3115 资本capital32 资本公积additional paid-in capital321 股票溢价paid-in capital in excess of par3211 普通股股票溢价paid-in capital in excess of par- common stock3212 特别股股票溢价paid-in capital in excess of par- preferred stock323 资产重估增值准备capital surplus from assets revaluation3231 资产重估增值准备capital surplus from assets revaluation324 处分资产溢价公积capital surplus from gain on disposal of assets3241 处分资产溢价公积capital surplus from gain on disposal of assets325 合并公积capital surplus from business combination3251 合并公积capital surplus from business combination326 受赠公积donated surplus3261 受赠公积donated surplus328 其它资本公积other additional paid-in capital3281 权益法长期股权投资资本公积additional paid-in capital from investee under equity method3282 资本公积- 库藏股票交易additional paid-in capital - treasury stock trans-actions332 特别盈余公积special reserve3321 意外损失准备contingency reserve3322 改良扩充准备improvement and expansion reserve3323 偿债准备special reserve for redemption of liabilities3328 其它特别盈余公积other special reserve335 未分配盈余(或累积亏损) retained earnings-unappropriated (or accumulated deficit)3351 累积盈亏accumulated profit or loss3352 前期损益调整prior period adjustments3353 本期损益net income or loss for current period34 权益调整equity adjustments341 长期股权投资未实现跌价损失unrealized loss on market value decline of long-term equity investments3411 长期股权投资未实现跌价损失unrealized loss on market value decline of long-term equity investments342 累积换算调整数cumulative translation adjustment3421 累积换算调整数cumulative translation adjustments343 未认列为退休金成本之净损失net loss not recognized as pension cost3431 未认列为退休金成本之净损失net loss not recognized as pension costs35 库藏股treasury stock351 库藏股treasury stock3511 库藏股treasury stock36 少数股权minority interest361 少数股权minority interest3611 少数股权minority interest4 营业收入operating revenue41 销货收入sales revenue411 销货收入sales revenue4111 销货收入sales revenue4112 分期付款销货收入installment sales revenue417 销货退回sales return4171 销货退回sales return419 销货折让sales allowances4191 销货折让sales discounts and allowances46 劳务收入service revenue461 劳务收入service revenue4611 劳务收入service revenue47 业务收入agency revenue471 业务收入agency revenue4711 业务收入agency revenue48 其它营业收入other operating revenue488 其它营业收入-其它other operating revenue4888 其它营业收入-其它other operating revenue - other5 营业成本operating costs51 销货成本cost of goods sold511 销货成本cost of goods sold5111 销货成本cost of goods sold5122 进货费用purchase expenses5123 进货退出purchase returns5124 进货折让charges on purchased merchandise 513 进料materials purchased5131 进料material purchased5132 进料费用charges on purchased material5133 进料退出material purchase returns5134 进料折让material purchase allowances514 直接人工direct labor5141 直接人工direct labor515~518 制造费用manufacturing overhead5151 间接人工indirect labor5152 租金支出rent expense, rent5153 文具用品office supplies (expense)5154 旅费travelling expense, travel5155 运费shipping expenses, freight5156 邮电费postage (expenses)5157 修缮费repair(s) and maintenance (expense ) 5158 包装费packing expenses5161 水电瓦斯费utilities (expense)5162 保险费insurance (expense)5163 加工费manufacturing overhead - outsourced 5166 税捐taxes5168 折旧depreciation expense5169 各项耗竭及摊提various amortization5172 伙食费meal (expenses)5173 职工福利employee benefits/welfare5176 训练费training (expense)5177 间接材料indirect materials5188 其它制造费用other manufacturing expenses56 劳务成本制ervice costs561 劳务成本service costs5611 劳务成本service costs57 业务成本gency costs571 业务成本agency costs5711 业务成本agency costs58 其它营业成本other operating costs588 其它营业成本-其它other operating costs-other 5888 其它营业成本-其它other operating costs - other 6 营业费用operating expenses61 推销费用selling expenses615~618 推销费用selling expenses6151 薪资支出payroll expense6152 租金支出rent expense, rent6153 文具用品office supplies (expense)6154 旅费travelling expense, travel6159 广告费advertisement expense, advertisement6161 水电瓦斯费utilities (expense)6162 保险费insurance (expense)6164 交际费entertainment (expense)6165 捐赠donation (expense)6166 税捐taxes6167 呆帐损失loss on uncollectible accounts6168 折旧depreciation expense6169 各项耗竭及摊提various amortization6172 伙食费meal (expenses)6173 职工福利employee benefits/welfare6175 佣金支出commission (expense)6176 训练费training (expense)6188 其它推销费用other selling expenses62 管理及总务费用general & administrative expenses625~628 管理及总务费用general & administrative expenses6251 薪资支出payroll expense6252 租金支出rent expense, rent6253 文具用品office supplies6254 旅费travelling expense, travel6255 运费shipping expenses,freight6256 邮电费postage (expenses)6257 修缮费repair(s) and maintenance (expense)6259 广告费advertisement expense, advertisement6261 水电瓦斯费utilities (expense)6262 保险费insurance (expense)6264 交际费entertainment (expense)6265 捐赠donation (expense)6266 税捐taxes6267 呆帐损失loss on uncollectible accounts6268 折旧depreciation expense6269 各项耗竭及摊提various amortization6271 外销损失loss on export sales6272 伙食费meal (expenses)6273 职工福利employee benefits/welfare6274 研究发展费用research and development expense6275 佣金支出commission (expense)6276 训练费training (expense)6278 劳务费professional service fees6288 其它管理及总务费用other general and administrative expenses 63 研究发展费用research and development expenses635~638 研究发展费用research and development expenses6351 薪资支出payroll expense6352 租金支出rent expense, rent6353 文具用品office supplies6354 旅费travelling expense, travel6361 水电瓦斯费utilities (expense)6362 保险费insurance (expense)6364 交际费entertainment (expense)6366 税捐taxes6368 折旧depreciation expense6369 各项耗竭及摊提various amortization6372 伙食费meal (expenses)6373 职工福利employee benefits/welfare6376 训练费training (expense)6378 其它研究发展费用other research and development expenses7 营业外收入及费用non-operating revenue and expenses, other income(expense)71~74 营业外收入non-operating revenue711 利息收入interest revenue7111 利息收入interest revenue/income712 投资收益investment income7121 权益法认列之投资收益investment income recognized under equity method7122 股利收入dividends income7123 短期投资市价回升利益gain on market price recovery of short-term investment713 兑换利益foreign exchange gain7131 兑换利益foreign exchange gain714 处分投资收益gain on disposal of investments7141 处分投资收益gain on disposal of investments715 处分资产溢价收入gain on disposal of assets7151 处分资产溢价收入gain on disposal of assets748 其它营业外收入other non-operating revenue7481 捐赠收入donation income7482 租金收入rent revenue/income7483 佣金收入commission revenue/income7484 出售下脚及废料收入revenue from sale of scraps7485 存货盘盈gain on physical inventory7486 存货跌价回升利益gain from price recovery of inventory7487 坏帐转回利益gain on reversal of bad debts7488 其它营业外收入-其它other non-operating revenue- other items75~ 78 营业外费用non-operating expenses751 利息费用interest expense7511 利息费用interest expense752 投资损失investment loss7521 权益法认列之投资损失investment loss recog- nized under equity method7523 短期投资未实现跌价损失unrealized loss on reduction of short-term investments to market753 兑换损失foreign exchange loss7531 兑换损失foreign exchange loss754 处分投资损失loss on disposal of investments7541 处分投资损失loss on disposal of investments755 处分资产损失loss on disposal of assets7551 处分资产损失loss on disposal of assets7885 存货盘损loss on physical inventory7886 存货跌价及呆滞损失loss for market price decline and obsolete and slow-moving inventories7888 其它营业外费用-其它other non-operating expenses- other8 所得税费用(或利益) income tax expense (or benefit)81 所得税费用(或利益) income tax expense (or benefit)811 所得税费用(或利益) income tax expense (or benefit)8111 所得税费用（或利益）income tax expense ( or benefit)9 非经常营业损益nonrecurring gain or loss91 停业部门损益gain(loss) from discontinued operations911 停业部门损益-停业前营业损益income(loss) from operations of discontinued segments 9111 停业部门损益-停业前营业损益income(loss) from operations of discontinued segment 912 停业部门损益-处分损益gain(loss) from disposal of discontinued segments9121 停业部门损益-处分损益gain(loss) from disposal of discontinued segment92 非常损益extraordinary gain or loss921 非常损益extraordinary gain or loss9211 非常损益extraordinary gain or loss93 会计原则变动累积影响数cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles931 会计原则变动累积影响数cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles9311 会计原则变动累积影响数cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles94 少数股权净利minority interest income941 少数股权净利minority interest income9411 少数股权净利minority interest income。
制造管理专员英语
制造管理专员英语English:As a Manufacturing Management Specialist, your primary responsibility is to ensure the efficient operation of manufacturing processes. This involves coordinating with various departments such as production, quality control, and logistics to streamline operations and maximize productivity. You will be tasked with developing and implementing strategies to improve production efficiency, reduce waste, and optimize resource utilization. Additionally, you'll monitor key performance indicators (KPIs) to track progress and identify areas for improvement. As part of your role, you'll also be involved in identifying and resolving production issues, ensuring compliance with safety and quality standards, and implementing continuous improvement initiatives. Effective communication skills are essential as you'll need to liaise with different teams and stakeholders to ensure smooth operations and address any challenges that arise. Furthermore, you'll play a crucial role in training and developing manufacturing staff to enhance their skills and performance, contributing to the overall success of the manufacturing operation.中文翻译:作为制造管理专员，您的主要责任是确保制造流程的高效运作。
英语翻译
Manufacturing OperationsManufacturing can be defined as the application of physical and chemical processes to alter the geometry, properties and/or appearance of a given starting material to make parts or products; manufacturing also includes the joining of multiple parts to make assembled products. The processes that accomplish manufacturing involve a combination of machinery, tools, power, and manual labor, as depicted in Figure 2.1a. Manufacturing is almost always carried out as a sequence of operations. Each successive operation brings the material closer to desired final state.From an economic viewpoint, manufacturing is the transformation of materials into items of greater value by means of one or more processing and/or assembly operations, as depicted in Figure 2.1b. The key point is that manufacturing adds value to the material by changing its shape or properties or by combining it, with other materials that have been similarly altered. The material has been made more valuable through the manufacturing operations on it. When iron ore is converted into steel, value is added. When sand is, transformed into glass, value is added. When petroleum is refined into plastic is molded into the complex geometry of a patio chair, it is made even more valuable.In this unit, we provide a survey of manufacturing operations. We begin by examining the industries that are engaged in manufacturing and the types of products they produce. We then discuss fabrication and assembly processes used in manufacturing as well as the activities that support the processes, such as material handling and inspection..1.1 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AND PRODUCTSManufacturing is an important commercial activity, carried out by companies that sell products to customers. The type of manufacturing performed by a company depends on the kinds of products it makes. Let us first take a look at the scope of the manufacturing industries, and then consider their products.1.2.1 Manufacturing Industries.Industry consists of enterprises and organizations that produce and/or supply goods and/or services. Industries can be classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary industries are those that cultivate and exploit natural resources, such as agriculture and mining. Secondary industries convert the outputs of the primary industries into products. Manufacturing is the principal activity in this category, but the secondary industries also include construction and power utilities. Tertiary industries constitute the service sector of the economy.We are concerned with the secondary industries, which are composed of the companies engaged in manufacturing. It is useful to distinguish the process include chemicals, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, basic metals, food, beverages, and electric power generation. The discrete product industries include automobiles, aircraft, appliances, computers, machinery, and the component parts that these products are assembled form. However, it must be acknowledged that many of the prod ucts made by the process industries are finally sold to the consumer in discrete units. For example, beverages are sold in bottles and cans. Pharmaceuticals are often purchased as pills and capsules.Production operations in the process industries and the discrete product industries can be divided into continuous and production and batch production. The differences are shown in Figure 2.2. Continuous production occurs when the production equipment is used exclusively for the given product, and the output of the product is uninterrupted. In the process industries, continuous production means that the process is carried out on a continuous stream of material, with no interruptions in the output flow, as suggested by Figure 2.2a. Once operating in steady state, the process does not depend on the length of time it is operating. The material being processed is likely to be in the form of a liquid, gas, power or similar physical state. In the discrete manufacturing industries, continuous production means 100% dedication of the production equipment to the part or product, with no breaks for product changeovers. The individual units of production are identifiable, as in Figure 2.2b.Batch production occurs when the material are processed in finite amounts or quantities. The finite amount or quantity of material is called a batch in both the process and discrete manufacturing industries. Batch production is discontinuous because there are interruptions in production between batches. The reason for using batch production is because the nature of the process requires that only a finite amount of material can be accommodated at one time (e.g. the amount of material might be limited by the size of the container used in processing) or because there are differences between the parts or products made in different batches (e.g. a batch of 20 units of part A followed by a batch of 50 units of part B in a machining operation, where a setup changeover is required between batches because of differences in tooling and fixturing required). The differences in batch production between the process and discrete manufacturing industries are portrayed in Figure 2.2c and d. Batch production in the process industries generally means that the starting materials are in liquid or bulk form, and they are processed altogether as a unit. By contrast, in the discrete manufacturing industries, a batch is a certain quantity of work units, and the work units are usually processed one at a time rather than altogether at once. The number of parts in a batch can range from as few as one to as many as thousands of units.1.2.2 Manufactured Products.The secondary industries include food, beverages, textiles, wood, paper, publishing, chemicals, and basic metals. The scope of our book is primarily directed at the industries that produce discrete products. The two groups interact with each other, and many of the concepts and systems discussed in the book are applicable to the process industries, but our attention is mainly on the production of discrete hardware, which ranges form nuts and bolts to cars, airplanes, and digital computers.Final products made by the industries can be divided into two major classes: consumer goods and capital goods. Gonsumer goods are products purchased directly by consumer, such as cars, personal computers. TVs, tires, toys, and tennis rackets. Capital goods are products purchased by other companies to produce goods and supply service. Examples of capital goods include commercial aircraft, mainframe computers, machinetools, railroad equipment, and construction machinery.In addition to final products, which are usually assembled, there are companies in industry whose business is primarily to produce material, components, and supply for the companies that make the final products. Examples of these items include sheet steel, bar stock, metal stampings parts, plastic moldings and extrusions, cutting tools, dies, molds, and lubricants, Thus the manufacturing industries consist of a complex infrastructure with various of intermediate suppliers that the final consumer never deals with.1.2 MANUFANTURING OPERATIONThe are certain basic activities that must be carried out in a factory to convert raw material into finished products, limiting our scope to a plan engaged in making discrete products, the factory activities are: (1) processing and assembly operations. (2) processing and assembly operations, (3) inspection and test, and (4) coordination and control.The first three activities that “touch” the product as it is being made. Processing and assembly operations alter the geometry, properties, and/or appearance of the work unit. They add value to the product. The product must be moved from one operation to the next in the manufacturing sequence, and it must be inspected and/or tested to insure high quality. It is sometimes argued that these material handling and inspection activities do not add value to the product. However our viewpoint is that value is added through the totality of manufacturing operations performed on the product. Unnecessary operations, whether they are processing, assembly, material handling, or inspection, must be eliminated from the sequence of steps performed to complete a given product.1.2.1 Processing and Assembly OperationsManufacturing processes can be divided into two basic types: (1) processing operations and (2) assembly operations. A processing operation transforms a work material from one state of completion to a more advanced state that is closer to the fina l desired part or product. It adds value by changing the geometry, properties, or appearance of the starting material. In general, processing operations are performed ondiscrete workparts, but some processing operations are also applicable to assembled items, for example, painting a welded sheet metal car body. An assembly operations joins two or more components to create a new entity, which is called an assembly, subassembly, or some other team that refers to the specific joining process.Processing Operations. A processing operation uses energy to alter a workpart’s shape, physical properties, or appearance to add value to the material. The energy is applied in a controlled way by means of machinery and tooling. Human energy may also e required, but human workers are generally employed to control the machines, to oversee the operations, and to load and unload parts before and after each cycle of operation. Material is fed into the process, energy applied by the machinery and tooling to transform the material, and the completed workpart exits the process. Most production operations produce waste or scrap, either as a natural byproduct of the process (e.g. removing material as in machining) or in the form of occasional defective pieces. An important objective in manufacturing is to reduce waste in either of these forms.More than one processing operations is usually required to transform the staring material into final form. The operations are performed in the particular sequence to achieve the geometry and/or condition defined by the design specification.Three categories of processing operations are distinguished: (1) shaping operations, (2) property-enhancing operations, and (3) surface processing operations. Shaping operations apply mechanical force or heat or other forms and combinations of energy to effect a change in geometry of the work material. There are various ways to classify these processes. The classification used here is based on the state of the starting starting material, by which we have four categories:1.Solidification processes The important processes in this category are casting (for metals) and molding (for plastics and glasses), in which the starting material is a heated liquid or semifluid, in which sate it can be poured or otherwise forced to flow into a mold cavity where it cools and solidifies, taking a solid shape that is the same as the cavity.2.Particulate processing. The starting material is a power .The common techniqueinvolves pressing the powers in a die cavity under high pressure to cause the powder to take the shape of the cavity. However, the compacted workpart lacks sufficient strength for any useful application .To increase strength, the part is then sintered –heated to a temperature below the melting point, which causes the individual particles to bond together.3.Deformation processes .In most cases, the starting material is ductile metal that is shaped by applying stresses that exceed the metal’s yiled strength .To increase ductility, the metal is often heated prior to forming. Deformation processes include forging, extrusion, and rolling. Also included in this category are sheet metal processes such as drawing, forming, and bending..4.Material removal processes. The starting material is solid (commonly a metal, ductile or brittle), form which excess material is removed from the starting workpiece so that the resulting part had the desired geometry. Most important in this category are machining operations such as turning, drilling, and milling accomplished using cutting tools that are harder and stronger than the work metal. Grinding is another common process in this category, in which an abrasive grinding wheel is used to remove material. Other material removal processes are known as nontraditional processes because they do not use traditional cutting and grinding tools. Instead, they are based on lasers, electron beams, chemical erosion, electric discharge, or electrochemical energy.Property-enhancing operations are designed to improve mechanical or physical properties of the work material. The most important property –enhancing operations involve heat treatments, which include various temperature –induced strengthening and/or toughening processes for metals and glasses. Sintering of powdered metals and ceramics, mentioned previously, is also a heat treatment, which strengthens a pressed powder workpart. Property-enhancing operations do not alter part shape, except unintentionally in some cases, for example ,warping of metal part during heat treatment or shrinkage of a ceramic part during sintering.Surface processing operations include: (1) cleaning, (2) surface treatments, and (3) coating and thin film deposition processes. Cleaning includes both chemical andmechanical processes to remove dirt, oil, and other contaminams from the surface. Surface treatments include mechanical working, such as shot peeing and sand blasting, and physical processes, like diffusion and ion implantation. Coating and thin film deposition processes apply a coating of material to the exterior the workpart. Common coating processes include electroplating ,anodizing of aluminum, and organic coating (call it painting).Thin film deposition processes include physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition to form extremely thin coatings of various substances. Several surface processing operations have been adapted to fabricated semiconductor materials (most commonly silicon) into integrated circuits for microelectronics. These processes include chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, and oxidation. They are applied to very localized areas on the surface of a thin wafer of silicon (or other semiconductor material) to create the microscopic circuit.Assembly Operations. The second basic type of manufacturing operation is assembly, in which two or more separate parts are joined to form a new entity. Components of the new entity are connected together either permanently or semi-permanently. Permanent joining processes include welding, brazing, soldering, and adhesive bonding. They combine parts by forming a joint that cannot be easily disconnected. Mechanical assembly methods are available to fasten two (or more) parts together in a joint that can be conveniently disassembled. The use of threaded fasteners (e. g. screws, bolts, nuts) is important traditional methods in this category. Other mechanical assembly techniques that form a permanent connection include rivets, press fitting, and expansion fits. Special assembly methods are used in electronics. Some of the methods are identical to adaptations of the above techniques. For example, soldering is widely used in electronics assembly is concerned primarily with the assembly of components (e. g. integrated circuit packages) to printed circuit boards to produce the complex circuits used in so many of today’s products.1.2.2 Other Factory OperationsOther activities that must be performed in the factory include material handing and storage, inspection and testing, and coordination and control.Material Handling and Storage. A means of moving and storing materials between processing and/or assembly operations is usually required. In most manufacturing plants, materials spend more time being moved and stored than being processed. In some cases, the majority of the labor cost in factory is consumed in handling, moving, and storing materials. It is important that this function be carried out as efficiently as possible.Eugene Merchant, an advocate and spokesman for the machine tool industry for many years, observed that material in a typical metal machining batch factory or job shop spend more time waiting or being moved than in processing. About 95% of a part’s time is spent either moving or waiting (temporary storage). Only 5% of its time is spent on the machine tool. Of this 5%, less than 30%of the time on the machine (1.5% of the total time of the part) is time during which actual cutting is taking place. The remaining 70% (3.5% of the total) is required for loading and unloading, part handling and positioning, tool positioning, gauging, and other elements of nonprocessing time. These time proportions provide evidence of the significance of material handling and storage in a typical factory.Inspection and Test. Inspection and test are quality control activities. The purpose of inspection is to determine whether the manufactured product meets the established design standards and specifications. For example, inspection examines whether the actual dimensions of a mechanical part are within the tolerance indicated on the engineering drawing for the part . Testing is generally concerned with the functional specifications of the final product rather than with the individual parts that go into the product. For example, final testing of the product ensures that it functions and operates in the manner specified by the product designer.Coordination and Control. Coordination and Control in manufacturing includes both the regulation of individual processing and assembly operations as well as the management of plant level activities. Control at the process level involves the achievement of certain performance objectives by properly manipulating the inputs and other parameters of the process.Control at the plant level includes effective use of labor, maintenance of the equipment, moving material in the factory, controlling inventory, shipping products of good quality on schedule, and keeping plant operating costs at a minimum possible level. The manufacturing control function at the plant level represents the major point of intersection between the physical operations in the factory and the information processing activities that occur in production.制造经营制造可以定义为应用物理和化学的变化过程来改变初始原材料的几何形状，性能和外貌来生产出零件或产品；制造也包括用许多零件来组装出一个产品。
制造业常用英语词汇
klarker_xie 2006-08-21 09:43 总经理办公室General manager’s office模具部Tooling department项目部Project department品质部Quality department计划部Plan department制造部Manufacture departmentKeypad产品部Keypad departmentIMD 产品部IMD department五金部Metal stamping department设计科Design section冲压车间Stamping workshop电镀车间Plating workshop物控科Production material control section计划科Plan section仓务科Warehouse section商务科Business section品质规划科quality plan sectionIQC科IQC sectionIPQC科IPQC sectionOQC科OQC section检测中心measurement center项目规划科Project plan section项目XX科Project section XX试模科Mold test section成本科Cost section设备科Facility section采购科Purchase section综合办General affairs office编程科Programming section模具工程科Tooling engineering section模具装配车间Mold assembly workshop文控中心Document control center (DCC) 注塑车间Injection workshop喷涂车间Spray painting workshop装配车间Assembly workshop总经理General manager (GM)经理managerXX部门经理Manager of XX department原料库Raw material warehouse半成品库Semi-finished product warehouse 成品库Finished product warehouse科长section chief主任chief部门主管department head 主管, 线长supervisor组长Foreman, forelady秘书secretary文员clerk操作员operator助理assistant职员staff二、产品超声波焊接ultrasonic welding 塑胶件Plastic parts塑材Raw parts喷涂件Painted parts装配件Assembly parts零件Component原料Raw material油漆Paint稀释剂Thinner物料编号part number三、模具注塑模具injection mold冲压模具Stamping tool模架mold base定模座板Fixed clamp plate A板A plateB板B plate支承板support plate方铁spacer plate回位销Return pin导柱Guide pin动模座板Moving clamp plate 顶针ejector pin单腔模具single cavity mold 多腔模具multi-cavity mold浇口gate合模力clamping force锁模力locking force循环时间cycle time老化aging螺杆screw镶件Insert主流道sprue分流道runner浇口gate直浇口direct gate点浇口pin-point gate测浇口edge gate潜伏浇口submarine gate 浇口套sprue bush流道板runner plate排气槽vent分型线（面）parting line 定模Fixed mold动模movable mold型腔cavity凹模cavity plate，凸模core plate斜销angle pin滑块slide拉料杆sprue puller定位环locating ring脱模斜度draft滑动型芯slide core螺纹型芯threaded core热流道模具hot-runner mold熔合纹weld line三板式模具three plate mold脱模ejection脱模剂release agent注射能力shot capacity注射速率injection rate注射压力injection pressure保压时间holding time闭模时间closing time电加工设备Electron Discharge Machining 数控加工中心CNC machine center万能铁床Universal milling machine平面磨床Surface grinding machine万能摇臂钻床Universal radial movable driller 立式钻床Vertical driller倒角chamfer键Key键槽keyway间距pitch快速成型模Rapid prototype tool （RPT）四、品管SPC statistic process control品质保证Quality Assurance(QA)品质控制Quality control(QC)来料检验IQC Incoming quality control 巡检IPQC In-process quality control校对calibration环境试验Environmental test光泽gloss拉伸强度tensile strength盐雾实验salt spray test翘曲warp比重specific gravity疲劳fatigue撕裂强度tear strength缩痕sink mark耐久性durability抽样sampling样品数量sample sizeAQL Acceptable Quality level批量lot size抽样计划sampling plan抗张强度Tensile Strength抗折强度Flexural Strength硬度Rigidity色差Color Difference涂镀层厚度Coating Thickness导电性能Electric Conductivity粘度viscosity附着力adhesion耐磨Abrasion resistance尺寸Dimension(喷涂)外观问题Cosmetic issue不合格品Non-conforming product 限度样板Limit sample五、生产注塑机injection machine冲床Punch machine嵌件注塑Insert molding双色注塑Double injection molding薄壁注塑Thin wall molding膜内注塑IMD molding ( In-mold decoration）移印Tampo printing丝印Silk screen printing热熔Heat staking超声熔接Ultrasonic welding (USW）尼龙nylon黄铜brass青铜bronze紫(纯)铜copper料斗hopper麻点pit配料compounding涂层coating飞边flash缺料Short mold烧焦Burn mark缩水Sink mark气泡Bubbles破裂Crack熔合线Welding line流痕Flow mark银条Silver streak黑条Black streak表面光泽不良Lusterless表面剥离Pelling翘曲变形Deformation脏圬Stain mark油污Oil mark蓝黑点Blue-black mark顶白Pin mark拉伤Scratch限度样品Limit sample最佳样品Golden sample预热preheating再生料recycle material机械手Robot机器人Servo robot试生产Trial run; Pilot run (PR) 量产mass production切料头Degate产能Capacity能力Capability参数Parameter二次加工Secondary process六．物控保质期shelf lifeABC分类法ABC Classification装配Assembly平均库存Average Inventory批号Batch Number批量生产Mass Production提货单Bill of Lading物料清单Bill of Material采购员Buyer检查点Check Point有效日期Date Available修改日期Date Changed结束日期Date Closed截止日期Date Due生产日期Date in Produced库存调整日期Date Inventory Adjust 作废日期D ate Obsolete收到日期Date Received交付日期Date Released需求日期Date Required需求管理Demand Management需求Demand工程变更生效日期Engineering Change Effect Date 呆滞材料分析Excess Material Analysis完全跟踪Full Pegging在制品库存In Process Inventory投入/产出控制Input/ Output Control检验标识Inspection ID库存周转率Inventory Carry Rate准时制生产Just-in-time (JIT)看板Kanban人工工时Labor Hour最后运输日期Last Shipment Date提前期Lead Time负荷Loading仓位代码Location Code仓位状况Location Status批量标识Lot ID批量编号Lot Number批量Lot Size机器能力Machine Capacity机器加载Machine Loading制造周期时间Manufacturing Cycle Time制造资源计划Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) 物料成本Material Cost物料发送和接收Material Issues and Receipts物料需求计划Material Requirements Planning (MRP)现有库存量On-hand Balance订单输入Order Entry零件批次Part Lot零件编号Part Number (P/N)零件Part领料单Picking List领料/提货Picking产品控制Product Control产品线Production Line采购订单跟踪Purchase Order Tracking需求量Quantity Demand毛需求量Quantity Gross安全库存量Safety Stock在制品Work in Process零库存Zero Inventories七．QS-9000中的术语APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan，产品质量先期策划和控制计划PPAP Production Part Approval Process,生产件批准程序FMEA Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis,潜在失效模式及后果分析MSA Measure System Analysis,测量系统分析SPC Statistical Process Control,统计过程控制审核Audit能力Capability能力指数Capability Indices控制计划Control Plans纠正措施Corrective Action文件Documentation作业指导书Standard operation procedure (SOP); Work instruction 不合格品Nonconformance不合格Nonconformity每百万零件不合格数Defective Parts Per Million, DPPM预防措施Preventive Action程序Procedures过程流程图Process Flow Diagram, Process Flow Chart 质量手册Quality Manual质量计划Quality Plan质量策划Quality Planning质量记录Quality Records原始数据Raw Data反应计划Reaction Plan返修Repair返工Rework现场Site分承包方Subcontractors产品product质量quality质量要求quality requirement顾客满意customer satisfaction质量管理体系quality management system质量方针quality policy质量目标quality objective质量管理quality management质量控制quality control质量保证quality assurance组织organization顾客customer供方supplier过程process服务service设计与开发design and development：特性characteristic可追溯性trace ability合格conformity缺陷defect纠正correction让步concession放行release报废scrap规范specification检验inspection试验test验证verification评审review测量measurement普通原因Common Cause均值Mean极差Range稳定性Stability计量型数据Variables Data变差Variation重复性Repeatability再现性Reproducibility稳定性Stability线性Linearity分辨率Resolution过程更改Process change质量功能展开QFD外观项目Appearance Item初始过程能力Preliminary Process Capability材料清单Bill of Material设计确认Design Validation设计验证Design Verification八．常用缩略词语OEM Original Equipment ManufacturerANOVA 方差分析法Analysis of VarianceDFMEA 设计失效模式及后果分析Design Failure Mode and Effects AnalysisDOE 试验设计Design of ExperimentGR&R 量具的重复性和再现性Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility PFMEA 过程失效模式及后果分析Process Failure Mode and Effect AnalysisQSR 质量体系要求Quality System RequirementQFD 质量功能展开Quality Function DeploymentBOM 物料清单Bill of MaterialCpk 稳定过程的能力指数Capability for stable processLCL 下控制限Lower Control LimitUCL 上控制限Upper Control LimitLSL 工程规范下限Lower Specification LimitX(—)--R图均值一极差图Average-Range Chart防错（POKA-YOKE）Mistake ProofingETA 预计到达Estimate to be arrivePO 定单Purchase orderM/C 机器machineRFQ 报价需求Request for quotationMFI 熔融流动指数Melt flow indexFAI 全尺寸检测报告First article inspectionCOC 材质证明Certificate of complianceALT 加速老化试验Accelerated life testCRR 承认书Component review reportOT 加班Over timeCAP 矫正计划Corrective action planR&D 研发Research and DevelopmentASAP 尽快As soon as possibleECN工程更改通知Engineering change noticeDCN 设计更改通知Design change noticeOTD 准时交货On time delivery九．通用词语确保ensure构想construct会签con-sign功能Function机构organization外观appearance适用apply to作业流程Operation flow附件attachment商务人员business personnel汇总summarize指定相关人员designated personnel新产品开发说明会new product development explanation meeting 拟定Prepare委托entrust认证qualify电子档Soft copy3D文件3D database移转Transfer执行ConductXXX申请单XXX Application form 客户要求Customer requirement 启动Kick off评估Evaluation作业员Operator批准, 承认Approval合同评审Contract review可靠性Reliability相关的Relevant程序Procedure制程Process流程图Flow chart产品Product生产Production资材Logistics责任Responsibility跟进Follow-up交付Delivery汇总Summarize外协加工subcontract指定相关人员designated personnel 编号number附件attachment产品名称Description周期循环时间Cycle time模具号Mold No,数量quantity ( Qt’y )备注remarkSAP号SAP No.客户Customer表单Form初步的Preliminary版本Version根本原因Root cause（喷漆）夹具Fixture（设备）小夹具Jig设备Equipment设施Facility制造部Manufacture department Keypad产品部Keypad departmentIMD 产品部IMD department五金部Metal stamping department设计科Design section冲压车间Stamping workshop电镀车间Plating workshop物控科Production material control section 计划科Plan section仓务科Warehouse section商务科Business section品质规划科quality plan sectionIQC科IQC sectionIPQC科IPQC sectionOQC科OQC section检测中心measurement center项目规划科Project plan section项目XX科Project section XX试模科Mold test section成本科Cost section设备科Facility section采购科Purchase section综合办General affairs office编程科Programming section模具工程科Tooling engineering section模具装配车间Mold assembly workshop文控中心Document control center (DCC) 注塑车间Injection workshop喷涂车间Spray painting workshop装配车间Assembly workshop总经理General manager (GM)经理managerXX部门经理Manager of XX department原料库Raw material warehouse半成品库Semi-finished product warehouse 成品库Finished product warehouse科长section chief主任chief部门主管department head主管, 线长supervisor组长Foreman, forelady秘书secretary文员clerk操作员operator助理assistant职员staff二、产品超声波焊接ultrasonic welding 塑胶件Plastic parts塑材Raw parts喷涂件Painted parts装配件Assembly parts零件Component原料Raw material油漆Paint稀释剂Thinner油墨Ink物料编号part number三、模具注塑模具injection mold冲压模具Stamping tool模架mold base定模座板Fixed clamp plate A板A plateB板B plate支承板support plate方铁spacer plate回位销Return pin导柱Guide pin动模座板Moving clamp plate 顶针ejector pin单腔模具single cavity mold 多腔模具multi-cavity mold浇口gate合模力clamping force锁模力locking force开裂crack循环时间cycle time老化aging螺杆screw镶件Insert主流道sprue分流道runner浇口gate直浇口direct gate点浇口pin-point gate测浇口edge gate潜伏浇口submarine gate 浇口套sprue bush流道板runner plate排气槽vent分型线（面）parting line定模Fixed mold动模movable mold型腔cavity凹模cavity plate，凸模core plate斜销angle pin滑块slide拉料杆sprue puller定位环locating ring脱模斜度draft滑动型芯slide core螺纹型芯threaded core热流道模具hot-runner mold熔合纹weld line三板式模具three plate mold脱模ejection脱模剂release agent注射能力shot capacity注射速率injection rate注射压力injection pressure保压时间holding time闭模时间closing time电加工设备Electron Discharge Machining 数控加工中心CNC machine center万能铁床Universal milling machine平面磨床Surface grinding machine万能摇臂钻床Universal radial movable driller 立式钻床Vertical driller倒角chamfer键Key键槽keyway间距pitch快速成型模Rapid prototype tool （RPT）四、品管SPC statistic process control品质保证Quality Assurance(QA)品质控制Quality control(QC)来料检验IQC Incoming quality control 巡检IPQC In-process quality control 校对calibration环境试验Environmental test光泽gloss拉伸强度tensile strength盐雾实验salt spray test翘曲warp比重specific gravity疲劳fatigue撕裂强度tear strength缩痕sink mark耐久性durability抽样sampling样品数量sample sizeAQL Acceptable Quality level批量lot size抽样计划sampling plan抗张强度Tensile Strength抗折强度Flexural Strength硬度Rigidity色差Color Difference涂镀层厚度Coating Thickness导电性能Electric Conductivity粘度viscosity附着力adhesion耐磨Abrasion resistance尺寸Dimension(喷涂)外观问题Cosmetic issue不合格品Non-conforming product限度样板Limit sample五、生产注塑机injection machine冲床Punch machine嵌件注塑Insert molding双色注塑Double injection molding薄壁注塑Thin wall molding膜内注塑IMD molding ( In-mold decoration）移印Tampo printing丝印Silk screen printing热熔Heat staking超声熔接Ultrasonic welding (USW）尼龙nylon黄铜brass青铜bronze紫(纯)铜copper料斗hopper麻点pit配料compounding涂层coating飞边flash缺料Short mold烧焦Burn mark缩水Sink mark气泡Bubbles破裂Crack熔合线Welding line流痕Flow mark银条Silver streak黑条Black streak表面光泽不良Lusterless表面剥离Pelling翘曲变形Deformation脏圬Stain mark油污Oil mark蓝黑点Blue-black mark顶白Pin mark拉伤Scratch限度样品Limit sample最佳样品Golden sample预热preheating再生料recycle material机械手Robot机器人Servo robot试生产Trial run; Pilot run (PR) 量产mass production切料头Degate产能Capacity能力Capability参数Parameter二次加工Secondary process六．物控保质期shelf lifeABC分类法ABC Classification装配Assembly平均库存Average Inventory批号Batch Number批量生产Mass Production提货单Bill of Lading物料清单Bill of Material采购员Buyer检查点Check Point有效日期Date Available修改日期Date Changed结束日期Date Closed截止日期Date Due生产日期Date in Produced库存调整日期Date Inventory Adjust作废日期D ate Obsolete收到日期Date Received交付日期Date Released需求日期Date Required需求管理Demand Management需求Demand工程变更生效日期Engineering Change Effect Date 呆滞材料分析Excess Material Analysis完全跟踪Full Pegging在制品库存In Process Inventory投入/产出控制Input/ Output Control检验标识Inspection ID库存周转率Inventory Carry Rate准时制生产Just-in-time (JIT)看板Kanban人工工时Labor Hour最后运输日期Last Shipment Date提前期Lead Time负荷Loading仓位代码Location Code仓位状况Location Status批量标识Lot ID批量编号Lot Number批量Lot Size机器能力Machine Capacity机器加载Machine Loading制造周期时间Manufacturing Cycle Time制造资源计划Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) 物料成本Material Cost物料发送和接收Material Issues and Receipts物料需求计划Material Requirements Planning (MRP)现有库存量On-hand Balance订单输入Order Entry零件批次Part Lot零件编号Part Number (P/N)零件Part领料单Picking List领料/提货Picking产品控制Product Control产品线Production Line采购订单跟踪Purchase Order Tracking需求量Quantity Demand毛需求量Quantity Gross安全库存量Safety Stock在制品Work in Process零库存Zero Inventories七．QS-9000中的术语APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan，产品质量先期策划和控制计划PPAP Production Part Approval Process,生产件批准程序FMEA Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis,潜在失效模式及后果分析MSA Measure System Analysis,测量系统分析SPC Statistical Process Control,统计过程控制审核Audit能力Capability能力指数Capability Indices控制计划Control Plans纠正措施Corrective Action文件Documentation作业指导书Standard operation procedure (SOP); Work instruction 不合格品Nonconformance不合格Nonconformity每百万零件不合格数Defective Parts Per Million, DPPM预防措施Preventive Action程序Procedures过程流程图Process Flow Diagram, Process Flow Chart质量手册Quality Manual质量计划Quality Plan质量策划Quality Planning质量记录Quality Records原始数据Raw Data反应计划Reaction Plan返修Repair返工Rework现场Site分承包方Subcontractors产品product质量quality质量要求quality requirement顾客满意customer satisfaction质量管理体系quality management system 质量方针quality policy质量目标quality objective质量管理quality management质量控制quality control质量保证quality assurance组织organization顾客customer供方supplier过程process服务service设计与开发design and development：特性characteristic可追溯性trace ability合格conformity缺陷defect纠正correction让步concession放行release报废scrap规范specification检验inspection试验test验证verification评审review测量measurement普通原因Common Cause 均值Mean极差Range稳定性Stability计量型数据Variables Data 变差Variation重复性Repeatability再现性Reproducibility稳定性Stability线性Linearity分辨率Resolution过程更改Process change质量功能展开QFD外观项目Appearance Item初始过程能力Preliminary Process Capability材料清单Bill of Material设计确认Design Validation设计验证Design Verification八．常用缩略词语OEM Original Equipment ManufacturerANOVA 方差分析法Analysis of VarianceDFMEA 设计失效模式及后果分析Design Failure Mode and Effects AnalysisDOE 试验设计Design of ExperimentGR&R 量具的重复性和再现性Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility PFMEA 过程失效模式及后果分析Process Failure Mode and Effect AnalysisQSR 质量体系要求Quality System RequirementQFD 质量功能展开Quality Function DeploymentBOM 物料清单Bill of MaterialCpk 稳定过程的能力指数Capability for stable processLCL 下控制限Lower Control LimitUCL 上控制限Upper Control LimitLSL 工程规范下限Lower Specification LimitX(—)--R图均值一极差图Average-Range Chart 防错（POKA-YOKE）Mistake ProofingETA 预计到达Estimate to be arrivePO 定单Purchase orderM/C 机器machineRFQ 报价需求Request for quotationMFI 熔融流动指数Melt flow indexFAI 全尺寸检测报告First article inspection COC 材质证明Certificate of compliance ALT 加速老化试验Accelerated life testCRR 承认书Component review reportOT 加班Over timeCAP 矫正计划Corrective action planR&D 研发Research and DevelopmentASAP 尽快As soon as possibleECN工程更改通知Engineering change notice DCN 设计更改通知Design change notice OTD 准时交货On time delivery九．通用词语确保ensure构想construct会签con-sign功能Function机构organization外观appearance适用apply to作业流程Operation flow附件attachment商务人员business personnel汇总summarize指定相关人员designated personnel新产品开发说明会new product development explanation meeting 拟定Prepare委托entrust认证qualify电子档Soft copy3D文件3D database移转Transfer执行ConductXXX申请单XXX Application form客户要求Customer requirement启动Kick off评估Evaluation作业员Operator批准, 承认Approval合同评审Contract review可靠性Reliability相关的Relevant程序Procedure制程Process流程图Flow chart产品Product生产Production资材Logistics责任Responsibility跟进Follow-up交付Delivery汇总Summarize外协加工subcontract指定相关人员designated personnel 编号number附件attachment产品名称Description周期循环时间Cycle time模具号Mold No,数量quantity ( Qt’y )备注remarkSAP号SAP No.客户Customer表单Form初步的Preliminary版本Version根本原因Root cause（喷漆）夹具Fixture（设备）小夹具Jig设备Equipment设施Facility送，提交（样品）Submit责任部门,责任人Responsible by （大的）目标Objective(小的，具体的)目标Target格式Format上岗证Qualification card需求Requirement。
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Boundaries
AnHai:diaper factory; Anle factory ,Women & Children Anle factory, Women Anerle factory, panty liner factory;
Subsidiaries: FuShun, Shang Yu, Cheng Du, Hen Nan
Luo Gai
输出
Out
由罗概确认的已填入成品完成FPY数据的表格（4，8）
Completed FPY Finished Goods . Data to input into table（4，8）verified & approved
byLuo Gai
为何要进行评估Reason for measurement
people and get them into ‘do it right the first time’ mind-set which is important in the
company culture
与结果指标的联系
Linkage to results
提高一次通过率可以减少流程中的在产品，缩短反应时间，便于及时发现质量问题，并改进质量，更好地利用现有资源
基线设立的依据
2001年12月和2002年第一.二周一次通过率平均值
Average of Dec 2001 and first 2 weeks of 2002 data
能力可达绩效
Entitlement
一次通过率为96.5%
Entitlement=96.5%
可达绩效设立依据
Basifor Entitlement
Detailed data reviewed monthly in the CFT and review the updated Cockpit Charts at the first CFT meeting monthly. CFT Measurement Specialist will prepare the weekly data charts and the Cockpit Chart.Panel owners will insure data is input to the Measurement Specialist on time
评估专员(张碧月)
Measurement Specialist (Zhang Bi Yue)
签名:
Sign.
日期:
Date:
流程顾问(林宝开)
Process Resultant (Lim Poh Khai)
签名:
Sign.
日期:
Date:
跨功能小组领导(黄攸源)
CFT Leader (Huang You Yuan)
业务流程
Business ProΒιβλιοθήκη essFulfillment
绩效指标图例及数字
Panel Legend and Number
Manufacturing FPY, Panel 4
绩效指标负责人
Panel owner
罗概
Luo Gai
分流程描述
Sub-process description
生技流程
Factories Fulfillment Process
衡量指标定义
Measurement definitions
一次通过率是指在流程中第一次偿试就被完成、被接受且没有返工等纠正措施的进程中行动的百分比。（以片为计量单位，不含边角料,护垫按4片折算为1片卫生巾）
FPY is percentage of AIPs that complete a process the first time through without rework(Measure as pieces, excluding residues, 4 pieces Panty liner is equivalent to 1 piece of Napkin)
FPY是流程驱动指标，它衡量产品在生产流程中第一次尝试就成功而不需返工、分检。
提高FPY可以保证更好地控制流程并促使高质量产品上市。FPY驱动人们的行为变革
并可告诉人们要建立第一次就做对的思想在公司文化中的重要性。
FPY is a process driver which measures Products going through fulfillment process
返工品：不是第一次尝试就完成的，有经过返工或重检通过的产品。
Rework: Products that did not pass the first time ,which has been reprocessed or rechecked
废品：生产过程中产生的，不能做为成品的部分。
Scrap: Useless product and material which cannot be used to make the final products( exclude residues)
衡量指标计算公式
及图表生成
成品－返工品output－rework
一次通过率（周）FPY(Weekly) =×100%
成品+废品output + scrap
成品:所有入成品库的产品。
Output: The quantity of all finished product that delivery to finished product warehouse.
目标状况的96.5%是依据历史数据的最佳绩效设定的
The entitlement of 96.5% is based on historical best
绩效考评图整合流程
Cockpit chart consolidation process
每月CFT会议回顾每月的详细资料，CFT衡量专员将准备好的资料表和考评图，在下月第一个CFT会议上回顾最新的绩效考评图。绩效指标负责人要保证及时将资料送至衡量专员。
数据来源
Data source
资料由各生产厂的统计员收集，表格由罗概负责提供。见表( See attach form)
Data is collected by statistician in factory,Luo Gaiprovide the form
基线
Base line
一次通过率为94.5%
Baseline=94.5%
first time success requiresNo rework & recheck.High FPY could assure good process
control and hign quality Products to the maket.FPY drives behaviour changes in the
Improve FPY can reduce the amount of WIP in process, improve the ability to reduce quality defects and improve quality, shorten response time, and better utilize existing resources.
范围
Scope
所生产的安乐、安尔乐、安儿乐、安而康产品
All Diaper, Anle, Anerle products
由罗概提供的，将流程中在产品检验的数据填入FPY表的表格（4，8）
In Process WIP to be inspected .Data to input into FPY table number (4,8) supplied by
收集的频率
Frequency of data collection
每天收集FPY，每周四下午6点为一周的资料收集时间，周六将收集的数据汇总并报给CFT的衡量专员；周成果在下周CFT会议上回顾。每月第5个工作日将收集的数据汇总并将结果报给CFT的衡量专员；月成果将在下月第一个CFT会议上回顾
Collect WIP each day. Each Thursday 6:00pm is the data collection time for the week, report the data to the Specialist on Saturday Review weekly result each CFT meeting. Consolidate data and report the result to the Measurement Specialist at the fifth work day monthly, Monthly result review at the first CFT meeting following month.
签名
Sign.
日期:
Date:
评估负责人(许大座)
Measurement Owner ( Xu Da Zuo)
签名
Sign.
日期:
Date: