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英国文学史选读复习资料

英国文学史选读复习资料

英国文学史选读复习资料英国文学史选读复习资料英国文学史是世界文学史中的重要组成部分,涵盖了从中世纪到现代的众多文学作品和作家。

在这篇文章中,我们将回顾一些英国文学史上的重要时期和作品,以帮助大家更好地理解和复习这一领域。

1. 中世纪文学中世纪文学是英国文学史的起点,以骑士文学和宗教文学为主要形式。

《贝奥武夫》是中世纪英国文学中最重要的作品之一,讲述了贝奥武夫与怪物格伦德尔的战斗。

此外,中世纪还有许多神秘的抒情诗歌和教会文学,如《悲歌》和《坎特伯雷故事集》。

2. 文艺复兴时期文艺复兴时期是英国文学史上的黄金时代,代表作家包括莎士比亚、斯宾塞和培根。

莎士比亚的戏剧作品是世界文学的瑰宝,如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》。

斯宾塞的史诗《仙后》也是这一时期的杰作,描绘了亚瑟王的传奇故事。

3. 17世纪文学17世纪是英国文学史上的变革时期,文学形式更加多样化。

约翰·米尔顿的史诗《失乐园》是这一时期的代表作之一,探讨了人类的堕落和救赎。

约翰·唐纳的戏剧作品《魔法师》则展示了他对权力和政治的深刻洞察力。

4. 18世纪文学18世纪是英国文学史上启蒙时代的兴起,代表作家包括亚历山大·蒲柏和塞缪尔·约翰逊。

蒲柏的诗歌作品《伊甸园》和《人类的悲剧》探讨了人类的自由意志和苦难。

约翰逊的《英语词典》对英语语言的规范化和发展起了重要作用。

5. 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学是19世纪英国文学的重要流派,代表作家包括威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治。

华兹华斯的诗歌作品《抒情诗集》和《普雷德斯》强调了自然和个人情感的重要性。

柯勒律治的《抒情诗集》则表达了对自然的热爱和对社会不公的关注。

6. 维多利亚时代文学维多利亚时代是英国文学史上的繁荣时期,代表作家包括查尔斯·狄更斯和艾米莉·勃朗特。

狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》和《双城记》揭示了当时社会的不公和贫困问题。

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。

代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。

)The father of English poetry.It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的,广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Matin LutherC. William LanglandD. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集:first time to use …heroic couplet‟(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three:King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama i s the real mainstreamof the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology(占星术)2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam Shakespeare6. William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616①Historical plays:Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ;RichardII;Henry VIII②Four Comedies:<As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜;<A Midsummer Night‟S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant OfVenice>威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies:<Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually iniambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.IV The 18th Century:Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架,并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起,与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。

英国文学史及选读复习资料

英国文学史及选读复习资料

英国文学史及选读复习资料英国文学史及选读复习资料英国文学历史悠久而丰富多样,涵盖了从中世纪到现代的各个时期和流派。

在这篇文章中,我们将探索英国文学史的一些重要时期和作品,并提供一些选读复习资料,帮助读者更好地了解和掌握英国文学。

中世纪文学是英国文学史的起点,其代表作品包括《贝奥武夫》和《坎特伯雷故事集》。

《贝奥武夫》是一部史诗,描写了勇敢的英雄贝奥武夫的冒险故事。

《坎特伯雷故事集》是一部讲述了一群人在前往坎特伯雷朝圣途中分享故事的作品,通过这些故事,揭示了中世纪社会的各个层面。

文艺复兴时期是英国文学史的重要里程碑,该时期的作品受到古希腊罗马文化的影响,充满了人文主义的精神。

莎士比亚是这一时期最杰出的作家之一,他的作品包括诗剧《哈姆雷特》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。

这些作品以其深刻的人物刻画和复杂的情节而闻名,被认为是世界文学的瑰宝。

17世纪是英国文学史上的黄金时代,其中最重要的作家是约翰·米尔顿。

他的史诗《失乐园》被誉为英国文学的巅峰之作,以其对人类自由意志和权力的思考而著称。

此外,约翰·多恩也是这一时期的重要作家,他的诗歌作品以其独特的形式和思想深度而受到赞誉。

18世纪是英国文学史上的启蒙时代,这一时期的作品强调理性和科学思维。

亚历山大·蒲柏是这一时期最重要的作家之一,他的诗歌作品《诗人的墓》和《奥德赛》被广泛阅读和研究。

此外,詹姆斯·汤姆森的长诗《四季》也是这一时期的重要作品,描绘了大自然的美丽和变化。

19世纪是英国文学史上的浪漫主义时期,作家们追求情感和个体的表达。

威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治是浪漫主义诗歌的代表作家,他们的作品强调对自然和内心世界的关注。

此外,查尔斯·狄更斯是这一时期最重要的小说家之一,他的作品《雾都孤儿》和《双城记》等揭示了当时社会的不公和人性的复杂性。

20世纪是英国文学史上的现代主义时期,作家们挑战传统文学形式和观念。

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料
以下是一些关于英国文学史的复习资料:
1. 《英国文学的发展与演变》(The Development and Evolution of British Literature):这本书提供了英国文学史的全面概述,从中世纪到现代不同时期的文学作品和文学流派都有介绍。

2. 《英国文学史导论》(Introduction to British Literary History):这本导论书通过对英国文学史的重要事件、作家和作品进行深入讲解,帮助读者理解英国文学的演变和发展。

3. 《英国文学史简明教程》(A Short History of English Literature):这本书以简明清晰的语言介绍了英国文学史的重要内容,包括不同时期的文学作品和重要作家的生平和作品。

4. 网络资源:有许多网站提供关于英国文学史的资料和学
术文章,如英国文学史学术网站、大学的文学部门网站等。

你可以在搜索引擎上搜索英国文学史相关的关键词,找到
适合你的学习资料。

5. 学术论文和专著:在学术期刊和图书馆中,你可以找到
许多针对英国文学史的研究论文和专著,这些都是深入了
解英国文学史的重要资源。

无论使用哪种资料,重要的是要有系统地学习和复习英国
文学史,理解各个时期的文学作品和文学流派的特点和发
展趋势,同时熟悉一些重要的作家和作品。

英国文学史复习材料

英国文学史复习材料

Old and Medieval English Literature1.How to define the period of Old English Literature?English literature begins with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England at about 450 and ends at 1066, the year of Norman Conquest of England of Old English literature, a few relics are still preserved. All of them are poems, or songs by the Anglo-Saxon scop or gleeman (minstrels) who sang of the heroic deeds of old time.2.What does Old English Poetry include?Old English poetry includes two groups: the religious group and the secular one. The former is mainly on biblical themes. For example, Genesis A, Genesis B and Exodus are poems based on the Old Testament, while the latter shows the harshness of circumstance and the sadness of the human lot. A typical example is England’s national epic Beowulf.3.What is the plot and theme of England’s national epic Beowulf?Beowulf, nephew of the king of the Geats, hears that Hrothgar, a Danish king, is in great trouble. The kingdom of the king is harassed by a monster called Grendel. He at once sails there, grapples with the monster, and wounds in fatally. Then comes Grendel’s mother, a she-monster, in revenge of her son. Beowulf follows her to her under water cave and kills her with a giant sword. With these honors won, he returns to his homeland and reigns as its king for 50 years. Then a fire-breathing dragon comes out of its den and kills many people. Though old now, Beowulf still kills its single-handedly. But he, too, is fatally wound and later dies. 4.What is epic?Epic is an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, like Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey.It usually celebrates the feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes. The action is simple but full of magnificence. Today, some long narrative works, like novels that reveal an age and its people are also called epic.5.How to define the Medieval Period in English literature?The Medieval period in English literature starts at 1066, the year of Norman Conquest, and ends at about the 15th century. The early part of the period, i.e. from 1066 to the mid-14th century, English literature flourishes with the appearance of writers like Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Gower, and others.pared with Old English literature, what are the characteristics of Medieval EnglishLiterature?In comparison with Old English literature, Medieval English literature deals with a wider range of subjects. It is uttered by more voices and in greater diversity of styles, tones and genres. And it is deeply influenced by the principles of the medieval Christian doctrine, which are primarily concerned with the issue of personal salvation. Romance become a popular literary form, indicating the age to be a chivalric rather than heroic one.7.What is the miracle play?The miracle play, he medieval dramatization of a Biblical story (e.g., Cain and Abel) or of a sain t’s life, was chiefly popular from the twelfth through the fifteenth centuries. The term is sometimes limited to plays on saint’s lives. The Biblical plays are then called mystery plays.8.Why is Chaucer regarded as ―the Father of English Poetry‖?Originally, Old English poems are mainly alliterative verses with few variations. Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace it. In The Romaunt of the Rose, he first introduced to English the octosyllabic couplet. In TheLegend of Good Women, he used for the first time in English heroic couplet. And in his masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales, he employed heroic couplet with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.Besides this, though he drew influence from French, Italian and Latin models, he is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language. His production of so much excellent poetry was an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country.And he made the dialect of London the foundation for Modern English speech. Small wonder latter day writer, John Drydon would call him ―the Father of the English Poetry‖.9.What is Heroic Couplet?Heroic couplet is rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter, often containing a complete thought.There is a fairly heavy pause a the end of the first line and a still heavier one at the end of the second. Commonly there is a parallel or an antithesis within a line, or between the two lines. It is called heroic because in England, especially in the 18th century, it was much used for heroic (epic) poems.10.What is Chaucer’s literary achievement?(1) First of all, he presented a comprehensive realistic picture of his age and created awhole gallery of vivid characters in his works, especially in The Canterbury Tales.(2) He anticipated a new era, the Renaissance. In his works, the spirit of Renaissance can bealready seen.(3) He developed his characterization to a higher level by presenting characters with bothtypical qualities and individual dispositions.(4) And he greatly contributed to the maturing of English prosody by adopting differentrhyming skills. Drydon called him ―Father of English poetry‖.11.What is popular ballad?Ballad is originally a song intended as the accompaniment to a dance. In the modern sense, a ballad is just a simple spirited poem in short stanzas in which some popular story is graphically narrated. The English popular ballad flourished from the 12th century to the 15th century, reflecting the life of the people then. And the most remarkable ones are the Robin Hood ballads. These are ballads about an outlawed hero who lives in the forest with his men, robs the rich and help the poor. Major collections of these ballads did not begin until the 18th century and the most creditable among them are Thomas Percy’s Relics of Ancient English Poetry, Walter Scott’s Minstrels of the Scottish Border, etc.12.How would you define the term Renaissance?This term refers to a great bourgeois cultural movement in Europe which began in the 14th century and continued to the mid-17th century. It first started from Italy and then spread all over Europe. Originally, the term means ―rebirth‖ or ―revival‖. And the movement seems to be a rebirth or revival of ancient Greek and Roman culture, caused by a series of historical events, such as the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalistic ideas in Medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman catholic church.13.How to define the term Humanist?Humanism is a system of beliefs upheld by writers and artists of the Renaissance period in fighting against medieval asceticism. It states that man is godly, that man is able to find truth, goodness and beauty, and that man is in control of the present life rather than being controlled by God. Briefly, humanism puts man at the center of their beliefs and takes man to be the measure of every thing while the former asceticism puts God at the center of their beliefs and takes personal salvation to be the most important thing on the earth for man.14.What are the main characteristics of humanist writings?Humanist writings affirm the value of man and repudiate the absolute control of man by God.They call for man’s freedom in thinking, praise man’s worldly aspirations, and denunciate the feudalistic control of man’s thought. They state that man has a right for earthly happiness and that asceticism is against human nature. In them, reason and science are put into a very high place while mysticism is thrown away. They are mostly realistic in essence.15.What is bland verse?This term, which was first brought into England by Surrey, is used to name the unrhymed iambic pentameter line in poetry.16.What is sonnet?Sonnet is a type of poem consisting of one single fourteen-line stanza. It was perfected by the Italian poet in the 13th century and introduced into England in the early 16th century.English sonnets in terms of structure, largely fall into two classes: the Petarchian or Italian form and the Shakespearian or English form. The form divides its fourteen lines of iambic pentameters into two parts: one octet and one sestet; while the latter consists of three quatrains and a final couplet. The three quatrains develop the poem’s subject consistently and the couplet condenses the emotion into an epigram.17.Why is Edmund Spencer regarded as ―the poet’s poet‖?Edmund Spencer (1552~1599) is the author of Faerie Queene, creator of the Spencerian stanza and one of the greatest figures of the Renaissance period in England. His poetry usually enjoys five qualities : (1) a perfect melody, (2) a rare sense of beauty, (3) a splendid imagination, (4) a lofty moral purity and seriousness; and (5) a dedicated idealism. It is just his idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as “the poet’s poet.18.What is the Spencerian stanza?A Spencerian stanza is one that consists of eight five-foot iambic lines, followed by aniambic line of six feet, rhyming ababbcbcc. It is so named because it was Spencer that first used this form in his masterpiece Faerie Queene.19.What is the dominant theme in Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus?Dr. Faustus is a play based on the German legend of a magician. The hero, Dr. Faustus, aspires for knowledge and in order to get it, sells his soul to the devil. He experiences a lot of strange things and finally meets his tragic end.The play’s dominant moral is human passion for knowledge, power and happiness; it also reveals man’s frustration in realizing the high aspirations in a hostile moral order. And the confinement to time is the cruelest fact of man’s condition.20.What is Marlowe’s literary achievement?Marlowe’s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English. It is Marlowe who brought vitality and grandeur into the blankverse with his ―mighty lines‖, which carry strong emotions.Marlowe’s second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance heroes for the English drama. Both Tumburlaine and Dr. Faustus, characterized by endless aspiration for power, knowledge and glory, are typical in possessing the true Renaissance spirit.Owing to the above, though Marlowe is not strong in dramatic construction, and his women characters are somehow pale, he is still regarded as an eminent pioneer of the English drama.21.Roughly speaking, Shakespeare’s literary career can be divided into four periods. What are thefour periods? And what are the major works in each period?Shakespeare’s dramatic works can be divided into four periods: The first period of Shakespear e’s drama career was one of apprenticeship, characterized by histories, and comedies, including Henry VI, Richard III, The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Eerona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.In the second period, Shakespeare’s style and approach became highly individualized. By constructing a complex pattern between different characters and between appearance and reality, Shakespeare made subtle comments on a variety of human foibles. However, optimism still prevails in most of the works.Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies.His optimism waned in this period and strong touch of pessimism marked most of his works, which revealed the society to be an evil one. The famous four tragedies were all written in this period, which include Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth.The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principal romantic tragicomedies.22.What is the theme of The Merchant of Venice?The traditional theme of the play is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.But modern critics tend to view it from another aspect. Many people today regard the play as a satire of the Christian’s hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews, here represented by Shylock.23.What are the common characteristics shown in the four great tragedies of Shakespeare?Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common.(1) Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in adifficult situation. His fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.(2) Each hero has his weakness of nature. Hamlet, the melancholic scholar-prince, faces thedilemma between action and mind. Othello’s inner weakness is mad use of by the outside evil force. The old King Lear, who is unwilling to totally give up his power, makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity. And Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.(3) The whole play is usually centered about the hero. All characters and incidents serve butto set him off.(4) And along with the portrayal of the weakness and bias of the hero, the sharp conflictsbetween the individual and the evil forces in the society is also revealed.24.How to analyze the complicated character of Hamlet?Without a knowledge of his character, Hamlet’s story would hardly be intelligible. Hamlet is neither a frail and weak-minded youth nor a thought-sick dreamer. Though he is deprived of his right to the throne, he is still loved and respected by everyone. Though a scholar, he is also fearless and impetuous in action. We see him rushing after the Ghost, killing Polonious, dealing with Claudious’agents, boarding the pirate, leaping into the grave and at last executing his revenge. A mere scholar can never do such things.Hamlet is humanist, a man who is free from medieval prejudices and superstitions. He has an unbounded love for the world rather for heaven. He cherishes a profound reverence for man and a firm belief in man’s power over destiny. Such a delight in nature and man is characteristic of the humanists of the Renaissance.His intellectual genious is outstanding. He is a close observer of man and manners. His quick perception drives him to penetrate below the surface of things and question what others take for granted. So he is forever unmasking his world.From these we may know that Hamlet is not a mere scholar, simply meditative by nature.On the country, Hamlet is a man of genius, highly complicated and educated, a man of profound perception and sparkling wit. He is a scholar, soldier, and statesman all combined.His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance.And it is just because he is blessed with such a profound perception that he, through his personal wrongs, perceives something rotten in the state affairs and his sense of personal wrongs grows to a disgust for world in which such crimes prevail. He seems to understand that his mere revenge upon his uncle would in on way solve the problems that trouble and upset him. This, and this only, is the cause of his profound melancholy and his delay in action.So Hamlet’s melancholy expresses, in a way, the crisis of humanism at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century.25.Why is it said that Shakespeare’s heroines are ―the daughters of the Renaissance‖?In Shakespeare’s plays, he shows an equalitarian attitude toward women. His heroines no longer cling about the neck of a father or a husband, unable to defend themselves. Instead, they are of a new type. They are witty, bold, loving, optimistic and faithful. They are happy and make the others happy. They carry their destinies with them and in speaking and thinking as well as in feeling are men’s equals or even superiors. Though there are moments of weariness and frailty, their courage never fails them in times of danger. And with every pang of affection and anxiety they only grow stronger and more capable of coping with the situation. In the ideal women of his plays, the heart and head sway away equal. This is best exemplified in the character of Portia, heroine of The Merchant of Venice. She is beautiful, prudent, resourceful and witty. She chooses her own husband and is capable of rising to an emergency. She is independent in character and takes her own path of life. In a word, Shakespeare’s heroines are the masters of their own fates and in them, the influence of the Renaissance can also be seen. Some people even call them ―daughters of the Renaissance‖.Their splendor is unprecedented in the English history and it is not until the modern age that women characters again obtain equal position with men.26.What is Shakespeare’s literary achievement?(1) Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature.(2) Shakespeare is amazingly prolific. Within 22 years, he produced 37 plays, 154 sonnets,and 2 long poems.(3) Shakespeare was skilled in may poetic forms, the song, the sonnet, the couplet, and thedramatic blank verse.(4)Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the EnglishRenaissance, and one of the greatest writers the world over.27.Who is Bacon and what are the three classes of his works?Francis Bacon (1561~1626), a representative of the English Renaissance, is a well-known philosopher, scientist, and essayist. He lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking, and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge. His Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of the English prose.And some phrases have even entered the English literary tradition.His works can be divided into three groups. The most important works of his first group, the philosophical ones, include The Advancement of Learning(1605), written in English;Novum Organum (1620), an enlarged Latin version of the Advancement of Learning, etc. his literary works are in the second group, among which the most famous is his Essays. And the third group is his professional works, including mainly Maxims of Law and The Learned Reading Upon the Statue of Uses.28.What is the characteristics of Bacon’s Essays?Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and powerfulness. The neatness, preciseness, the gravity, and the weightiness are the essential qualities of his writings.The theme of the essays vary, including his personal opinions on friendship, love, old age, beauty, public performance, etc. the essays are well arranged and enriched by Biblical allusions, metaphors and cadence. So the reasoning is very persuasive.29.How would you define ―Metaphysical Poetry‖?‖Metaphysical Poetry‖ is commonly used to name the works of the 17th century poets who wrote under the influence of John Donne (1575~1631), leader of the school, Andrew Marvell, George Herbert, Richard Crashaw, and Henry Vaughan. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassic periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech. The imagery is drawn from actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved with God, or with himself.30.What is the social and background of John Milton’s writings?Milton lives in the 17th century, a century of revolution and restoration in the English history.During the Tudor dynasty (1485~1603), the crown seemed to be able to win the support of the English bourgeoisie. But at the end of Elizabethan’s reign, clashes between the two appeared and under Charles I, the situation became worse as he insisted upon absolute monarch and paid no attention to the people’s cries. A civil war broke out in the 1642 and lasted till 1649. the revolutionary camp won and England became a Republic. Later, the revolutionaries split up and Cromwell, leader of the big bourgeoisie, put down the middle bourgeoisie and declared dictatorship. After his death, parliament recalled Charles II to England in 1660. the Restoration ushered in a period of white terror to the country. Many Republicans were killed. Then, afraid of another revolution, the big bourgeoisie, expelled Charles II and invited William, Prince of Orange, from Holland, to be king of England in1688. this was called ―Glorious Revolution‖, glorious because it was bloodless and there was no revival of the revolutionary demands.31.Who is Milton? What are his major works? And what is the social significance of his writings?John Milton, the greatest 17th century English poet and writer of political pamphlets, serves as the representative writer of the English revolutionary camp. During the Revolution, he used hi pen as the weapon in fighting against the king and the Catholic Church. His representative works in this period are Defense of the English People (1650), Second Defense of the English People (1652), and Areopagitica (1644)。

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料英国文学史复习资料英国文学史是指英国国内从古代到现代的文学作品和文学发展的历史。

以下是英国文学史的复习资料。

1. 古代文学时期(公元前450年至公元1066年)古代英国文学时期主要包括凯尔特传统和盎格鲁-撒克逊文学。

凯尔特传统涵盖了关于亚瑟王、魔法和传说的故事。

盎格鲁-撒克逊文学以史诗和散文的形式存在,其中最著名的作品是《贝奥武夫》和《安德·狄德》。

2. 中世纪文学时期(1066年至1485年)中世纪英国文学时期由法国诺曼人的入侵而引入众多法语和拉丁语的作品。

其中最著名的作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》,它由杰弗里·乔叟写成,并包含了各种各样的故事。

3. 文艺复兴时期(1485年至1660年)文艺复兴时期是英国文学的黄金时期,以莎士比亚为代表。

莎士比亚的作品包括许多戏剧,如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》等。

其他重要的作家还包括斯宾塞、马洛等。

4. 17世纪文学时期17世纪文学时期是英国社会和政治变革的时期,也是宗教分裂的时期。

约翰·米尔顿的《失乐园》被认为是这一时期最重要的作品之一。

其他作家还包括约翰·唐纳森、詹姆斯·谢尔顿等。

5. 启蒙时期(1660年至1785年)启蒙时期是英国文学史上的一次重要转折点,代表了对理性、科学和自由思想的追求。

著名作家包括强纳森·斯威夫特、丹尼尔·笛福、亚历山大·蒲柏、简·奥斯汀等。

6. 浪漫主义时期(1785年至1837年)浪漫主义时期是对启蒙时期理性主义的反应。

浪漫主义作品强调情感、个人主义和自然。

威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·柯勒律治、约翰·济慈等都是这一时期的重要作家。

7. 维多利亚时代(1837年至1901年)维多利亚时代是英国帝国的鼎盛时期,文学作品多样化。

查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》、古斯塔夫·福楼拜的《名利场》等作品成为经典。

(完整版)英国文学简史期末测验考试复习要点刘炳善版(英语专业大必备)

(完整版)英国文学简史期末测验考试复习要点刘炳善版(英语专业大必备)

英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一、中世纪文学(约5世纪—1485)•《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf)•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。

(Father of English Poetry)《坎特伯雷故事》(The Canterbury Tales)二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期—17世纪初)•托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More )《乌托邦》(Utopia)•埃德蒙·斯宾塞(Edmund Spenser)《仙后》(The Faerie Queene)•弗兰西斯·培根(Francis Bacon)《论说文集》(Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛Christopher Marlowe•《帖木儿大帝》(Tamburlaine)•《浮士德博士的悲剧》(The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus)•《马耳他岛的犹太人》(The Jew of Malta)威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》(Romeo and Juliet)、《哈姆莱特》(Hamlet)、《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《李尔王》(King Lear)、《麦克白》(Macbeth)历史剧《亨利四世》(Henry IV)传奇剧《暴风雨》(The Tempest)本·琼生Ben Johnson•《人人高兴》(Every Man in His Humor)•《狐狸》(V olpone)•《练金术士》(The Alchemist)三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿John Milton《失乐园》(Paradise Lost)《复乐园》(Paradise Regained)诗剧《力士参孙》(Samson Agonistes)•约翰·班扬(John Bunyan)《天路历程》(The Pilgrim’s Progress)•威廉·康格里夫(William Congreve)《以爱还爱》(Love for Love)《如此世道》(The Way of the World)四、启蒙时期文学(17世纪后期—18世纪中期)18世纪初,新古典主义成为时尚。

英国文学史资料

英国文学史资料

英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksPart 1. Early and Medieval English Literature早期和中世纪的英国文学1. Beowulf贝奥武夫: the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons2.William Langland威廉·郎兰Piers the Plowman耕者皮尔斯3. Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里•乔叟(1340~1400)①<The Canterbury Tales> 坎特伯雷故事集②<Troilus and Criseyde> 特罗勒斯和克莱西(意大利)③<The Romaunt of Rose> 玫瑰传奇(翻译)Part 2. The English Renaissance英国文艺复兴时期文学4. Thomas More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535①<Utopia>乌托邦5.Philip Sidney菲利普·锡德尼爵士①Astrophel and Stella爱星者和星星②Apology for Poetry诗辩6. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599 (后人称之为“诗人的诗人”)①<The Faerie Queene>仙后--allegory (for Queen Elizabeth)②<The Shepherd’s Calendar>牧人日历7. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626①<Essays> 随笔(famous quotas: <Of studies>)8.Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗•马罗1564~1595①<Doctor Faustus> 浮士德博士②<T amburlaine> 铁木真③<The Jew of Malta> 马耳他的犹太人9. William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616①Venus and Adonis 维纳斯与阿都尼斯The Rape of Lucrece 鲁克丽丝受辱记The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍记Love’s Labour’s Lost爱的徒劳Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Much Ado about Nothing 无事生非The Merry Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流女人Measure for Measure 一报还一报The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事The Tempest 暴风雨The comedy of errors错中错Cymbeline 辛白林Pericles 佩里科尔斯Timon of Athens 雅典的泰门Coriolanus 科里奥兰纳斯Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉All’s Well That Ends Well 终成眷属Troilus and Cressida 特洛埃围城记Julius CaesarKing John 约翰王②Four Comedies:<A s Yo u L i k e I t>皆大欢喜;<Twelfth Night>第十二夜;<A Midsummer Night‟S Dream>仲夏夜之梦;<The Merchant Of Venice> 威尼斯商人③Four tragedies:<Hamlet> 哈姆莱特;<Othello> 奥赛罗;<King Lear> 李尔王;<Macbeth> 麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>10. Ben Jonson本·琼森1572-1637①<Every Man in His Humour> 人人高兴②<V olpone,or the Fox> 狐狸③<The Alchemist>(1610)炼金术士④<Bartholomew> 巴索罗谬诗集Part 3. The Period of The English Bourgeois Revolution英国资产阶级革命时期文学11. John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674①Epics:<Paradise Lost>失乐园<Paradise Regained>复乐园②Dramatic poem:< Samson Agonistes>力士参孙③<Areopagitica>论出版自由④<On His Deceased Wife >1658(梦亡妻)12. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688①allegory< The Pilgrim‟s Progress >天路历程(John Donne约翰·邓恩)13. Andrew Marvell安德鲁·马维尔To His Coy Mistress致他娇羞的女友14. John Dryden约翰·德莱顿1631-1700(long poem) Absalom and Achitophel 亚布萨伦与琦图菲尔 (124)All for love 一切为了爱Part 4.The Eighteenth century英国18世纪文学15. Richard Steele理查德·斯蒂尔1672-1729The Tatler 闲谈者The Spectator旁观者16. Alexander Pope 亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744①< Essay on Criticism> 批评论②<The Rape of the Lock> 卷发遇劫记③<Essay on Man> 人论<The Dunciad>群愚史诗17. Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745(Dublin, Ireland)A Tale of a Tub 木桶的故事The Battle of the Books 书战Gulliver’s Travels 格列夫游记(Four parts: Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国the Flying Island 飞岛国-Laputa the Yahoos慧马国-Houyhnhnm)Pamphlets on Ireland 关于爱尔兰的小册子:(1.<A Modest Proposal> 一个小小的建议 2.<The Drapier’s Letters> 布商的书信)18. Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731(小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。

英国文学简史期末考试复习要点刘炳善版(英语专业大三必备)

英国文学简史期末考试复习要点刘炳善版(英语专业大三必备)

英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 一、中世纪文学(约5世纪—1485)•《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf) ) •《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight杰弗利·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer) ―英国诗歌之父ǁ。

(Father of English Poetry)《坎特伯雷故事》(The Canterbury Tales)二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期—17世纪初)•托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More )《乌托邦》(Utopia)•埃德蒙·斯宾塞(Edmund Spenser)《仙后》(The Faerie Queene) •弗兰西斯·培根(Francis Bacon)《论说文集》(Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛Christopher Marlowe •《帖木儿大帝》(Tamburlaine))•《浮士德博士的悲剧》(The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus •《马耳他岛的犹太人》(The Jew of Malta)威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare 喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of V enice)悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》(Romeo and Juliet)、《哈姆莱特》(Hamlet)、《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《李尔王》(King Lear)、《麦克白》(Macbeth)历史剧《亨利四世》(Henry IV)传奇剧《暴风雨》(The Tempest)本·琼生Ben Johnson •《人人高兴》(Every Man in His Humor)•《狐狸》(V olpone)•《练金术士》(The Alchemist)三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿John Milton《失乐园》(Paradise Lost)《复乐园》(Paradise Regained)诗剧《力士参孙》(Samson Agonistes)•约翰·班扬(John Bunyan)《天路历程》(The Pilgrim’s Progress)•威廉·康格里夫(William Congreve)《以爱还爱》(Love for Love)《如此世道》(The Way of the World)四、启蒙时期文学(17世纪后期—18世纪中期)18世纪初,新古典主义成为时尚。

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料英国文学史复习资料第一章:中世纪文学1.1 安格鲁-撒克逊时期(5世纪-1066年)- 口头传统和史诗:《贝奥武夫》- 基督教文学:《凡尔登战役》1.2 后征服时期(1066年-1485年)- 基督教文学:《格尔罗与黛斯蒙德》- 骑士文学:《亚瑟王传说》、《罗宾汉传》第二章:文艺复兴时期(1485年-1603年)2.1 草原学派- 约翰·斯克利- 托马斯·莫尔2.2 伊丽莎白时代- 威廉·莎士比亚:《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 - 克里斯托弗·马洛:《第一部十诫》第三章:17世纪文学3.1 评剧派- 本·琼生:《伊丽莎白时代断头台上的十一个人》- 约翰·福特:《佩里克尔斯·普林》3.2 枪炮派- 约翰·洛克:《论人类理解》- 托马斯·霍布斯:《利维坦》第四章:启蒙时代(18世纪)4.1 洛克主义- 亚当·斯密:《国富论》- 大卫·休谟:《人性的研究》4.2 唯理主义- 亚历山大·波佩:《怪异小说》- 理查德·斯蒂文森:《金银岛》第五章:浪漫主义(19世纪)5.1 威廉·华兹华斯:《抒情诗》5.2 柯勒律治:《唐吉诃德》第六章:维多利亚时代6.1 珍奥斯汀:《傲慢与偏见》6.2 狄更斯:《雾都孤儿》6.3 奥斯卡·王尔德:《道林·格雷的画像》第七章:现代主义(20世纪)7.1 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫:《至灵宴》7.2 乔治·奥威尔:《1984》7.3 约瑟夫·康拉德:《黑暗之心》第八章:后现代主义(20世纪末至今)8.1 萨尔曼·鲁西迪:《午夜的孩子》8.2 伊恩·麦克尤恩:《第二个苏格拉底》8.3 泽拉尔·纳西莫夫:《洛丽塔》总结:英国文学史涵盖了从中世纪到现代的丰富多样的文学作品。

英国文学史概述

英国文学史概述

Ⅴ The 17th Century
The earlier seventeenth century, and especially the period of the English Revolution (1640–60), was a time of intense ferment in all areas of life — religion, science, politics, domestic relations, culture.
Four Genres of Literature
– Fiction Myths, parables(allegory), romances, novels, short stories
– Poetry Relies on imagery, figurative(比喻的,修饰丰 富的) language, sound
– Drama Made up of dialogue and set direction Designed to be performed
– Prose News reports, feature articles, essays, editorials, textbooks, historical and biographical works
• Neoclassicism. A revival in literature in the late 17th and 18th centuries, characterized by a regard for the classical ideals of reason, form, and restraint.
• Literary Traits Enlightenment and Neoclassism , the early age of Romanticism

英国文学发展史一览

英国文学发展史一览

英国文学发展史一览1.English Literature of Anglo-Saxon PeriodTime: about 7th centuryFeatures: verse literature (唱诗)two groups: pagan (非宗教性的) and religiousMain works:“Beowulf”poetry by Caedmon and Cynewulf2.English Literature of Middle CenturiesTime: mid 11th Century – 15th CenturyFeatures:1.influence of the Norman Conquest2.Main works and writers:3.the Romances (骑士文学)4.Chaucer’s “The Canterbury Tales”3.English Literature of RenaissanceTime: early 16th Century—mid 17th CenturyFeatures: the first glori ous period of English literary history, “ A nest of singing birds …” (百家争鸣,百花齐放)Main writers:1.Thomas More2.Edmund Spencer3.Francis Bacon4.Shakespeare4.English Literature during the Bourgeois RevolutionTime:1625—1688The English Bourgeois Revolution begins from 1642Features:Puritan age represented by John MiltonMain literary form: PoetryMain writers:John Milton 1608--16745.English Literature of the 18th CenturyFeatures:Also as the Enlightenment Movement Period (启蒙时期)It is divided into 3 stages:1.“Glorious revolution” to the end of 1730’s;2.The mature period (1740’s—1750’s);3.The last period covers the rest decades of the 18th century.Main authors:(小说家)Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding(诗人)Alexander Pope6.Romanticism in EnglandTime: 1798--1832Features:1.是英国文学史上诗歌最为繁盛的时期;2.分为消极和积极两组。

英美文学British Writers and Works-中英文对照

英美文学British Writers and Works-中英文对照

British Writers and WorksThe Anglo-Saxon Period●The Venerable Bede 比得673~735⏹Ecclesiastical History of the English People 英吉利人教会史●Alfred the Great 阿尔弗雷得大帝849~899⏹The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 盎格鲁—萨克逊编年史The Late Medieval Ages●William Langland 威廉·兰格伦1332~1400⏹Piers the Plowman 农夫比埃斯的梦●Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340(?)~1400⏹The Books of the Duchess悼公爵夫人⏹Troilus and Criseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德⏹The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集⏹The House of Fame声誉之宫●Sir Thomas Malory托马斯·马洛里爵士1405~1471⏹Le Morte D’Arthur亚瑟王之死The Renaissance●Sir Philip Sydney菲利普·锡德尼爵士1554~1586⏹The School of Abuse诲淫的学校⏹Defense of Poesy诗辩●Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599⏹The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历⏹Amoretti爱情小唱⏹Epithalamion婚后曲⏹Colin Clouts Come Home Againe柯林·克劳特回来了⏹Foure Hymnes四首赞美歌⏹The Faerie Queene仙后●Thomas More托马斯·莫尔1478~1535⏹Utopia乌托邦●Francis Bacon弗兰西斯·培根1561~1626⏹Advancement of Learning学术的推进⏹Novum Organum新工具⏹Essays随笔●Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗·马洛1564~1595⏹Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝⏹The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人⏹The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧●William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚1564~1616⏹Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱利叶⏹Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人⏹Henry IV亨利四世⏹Julius Caesar尤利乌斯·凯撒⏹As You Like It皆大欢喜⏹Hamlet哈姆莱特⏹Othello奥赛罗⏹King Lear李尔王⏹Macbeth麦克白⏹Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克里奥佩特拉⏹Tempest暴风雨⏹poetry: Venus and Adonis; The Rape of Lucrece (Venus and Lucrece); The Passionate Pilgrim,the SonnetsThe 17th Century●John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608~1674⏹L’Allegre 欢乐的人⏹IL Pens eroso 沉思的人⏹Comus柯玛斯⏹Lycidas利西达斯⏹Of Education论教育⏹Areopagitica论出版自由⏹The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩⏹The Second Defence of the English People再为英国人民声辩⏹Paradise Lost失乐园⏹Paradise Regained复乐园⏹Samson Agonistes力士参孙●John Bunyan约翰·班扬1628~1688⏹Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners功德无量⏹The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程⏹The Life and Death of Mr Badman败德先生传⏹The Holy War圣战●John Dryden约翰·德莱顿1631~1700⏹All for Love一切为了爱情⏹Absalom and Achitophel押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔⏹The Hind and Panther牝鹿与豹⏹Annus Mirabilis神奇的年代⏹Alexander’s Feast亚历山大的宴会⏹An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 论戏剧诗The 18th Century●Alexander Pope亚历山大·蒲柏1688~1744⏹Essay on Criticism批评论⏹Moral Essays道德论⏹An Essay on Man人论⏹The Rape of the Rock卷发遇劫记⏹The Dunciad愚人记●Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰逊1709~1784⏹The Dictionary of English Language英语辞典⏹The Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望之虚幻⏹London伦敦⏹The Lives of Great Poets诗人传●Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特1667~1745⏹The Battle of Books书战⏹ A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事⏹The Drapper’s Letters一个麻布商的书信⏹ A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议⏹Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记●Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福1660~1731⏹The Review (periodical founded by Defoe)评论报⏹Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记●Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707~1754⏹The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫·安德鲁⏹The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大诗人江奈生·威尔德⏹Amelia爱米利亚⏹The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆·琼斯⏹The Historical Register for 1736一七三六年历史记事⏹Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英国●Samuel Richardson塞缪尔·理查逊1689~1761⏹Pamela (Virtue Rewarded)帕米拉●Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗·格尔德斯密斯1730~1774⏹The Traveller旅游人⏹The Deserted Village荒村⏹The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传⏹The Good Natured Man好心人⏹She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱⏹The Citizens of the World世界公民●Thomas Gray托马斯·格雷1716~1771⏹An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽诗⏹Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat爱猫之死⏹The Bard游吟诗人●Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德·布林斯利·施莱登1751~1816⏹The Rivals情敌⏹The School for Scandal造谣学校⏹St. Patrick’s Day (The Scheming Lieutenant)圣·派特立克节⏹The Duenna伴娘⏹The Critic批评家The Romantic Age●Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯1759~1796⏹Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗⏹John Anderson, My Jo约翰·安德生,我的爱人⏹ A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰⏹Auld Long Syne往昔时光⏹ A Man’s a Man for A’That不管那一套⏹My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心在那高原上●William Blake威廉·布莱克1757~1827⏹Songs of Innocence天真之歌⏹Songs of Experience经验之歌⏹America亚美利加⏹Europe欧罗巴⏹Milton弥尔顿⏹Jerusalem耶路撒冷⏹The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻●William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770~1850⏹We Are Seven我们是七个⏹The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女⏹Imitations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood不朽颂⏹The Prelude序曲⏹Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集●Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔·泰勒·科尔律治1772~1834⏹The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子颂⏹Christabel柯里斯塔贝尔⏹Kubla Khan忽必烈汗⏹Frost at Night半夜冰霜⏹Dejection, an Ode忧郁颂⏹Biographia Literaria文学传记●George Gordon Byron乔治·戈登·拜伦1788~1824⏹Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰尔德·哈罗德尔游记⏹Manfred曼弗雷德⏹Cain该隐⏹Don Juan唐·璜⏹When We Two Parted当初我们俩分别●Persy Bysshe Shelley波西·比希·雪莱1792~1822⏹Queen Mab麦步女王⏹Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛⏹The Cenci钦契一家⏹The Masque of Anarchy, Hellas专制者的假面游行⏹Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯⏹Ode to the West Wind西风颂⏹To a Skylark致云雀●John Keats约翰·济慈1795~1821⏹On a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂⏹Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂⏹Ode to Autumn秋颂⏹To Psyche普塞克颂⏹On First Looking in Chapman’s Homer初读查普曼翻译的荷马史诗有感●Sir Walter Scott沃尔特·斯科特爵士1771~1832⏹The Lady of the Lake湖上夫人⏹Waverley威弗利⏹Guy Mannering盖曼纳令⏹Rob Roy罗伯·罗伊⏹Ivanhoe艾凡赫⏹Kenilworth肯纳尔沃斯堡⏹Quentin Durward昆廷·达沃德⏹St. Ronan’s Wells圣罗南之泉●Jane Austen简·奥斯丁1775~1817⏹Sense and Sensibility理智与情感⏹Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见⏹Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德庄园⏹Emma爱玛⏹Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺⏹Persuasion劝导●Charles Lamb查尔斯·兰姆1775~1834⏹Tales from Shakespeare莎士比亚戏剧故事集⏹John Woodvil约翰·伍德维尔The Victorian Age●Charles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯1812~1870⏹Sketches by Boz波兹特写⏹The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传⏹Oliver Twist奥利弗·特维斯特(雾都孤儿)⏹The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店⏹Barnaby Rudge巴纳比·拉奇⏹American Notes美国杂记⏹Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱淑尔维特⏹ A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌⏹The Chimes教堂钟声⏹The Cricket on the Hearth灶上蟋蟀⏹Dombey and Son董贝父子⏹David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔⏹Bleak House荒凉山庄⏹Hard Times艰难时世⏹Little Dorrit小杜丽⏹ A Tale of Two Cities双城记⏹Great Expectations远大前程⏹Our Mutual Friend我们共同的朋友⏹Edwin Drood艾德温·朱特●William Makepeace Thackeray威廉·麦克匹斯·萨克雷1811~1863⏹Vanity Fair名利场⏹Pendennis潘登尼斯⏹The Newcomers纽克姆一家⏹The History of Henry Esmond亨利·埃斯蒙德●Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂·勃朗特1816~1855⏹Professor教师⏹Jane Eyre简·爱⏹Shirley雪莉⏹Villette维莱特●Emily Bronte艾米莉·勃朗特1818~1854⏹Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄●George Eliot乔治·艾略特1819~1880⏹Adam Bede亚当·比德⏹The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊⏹Silas Marner织工马南⏹Romola罗慕拉⏹Felix Holt菲利克斯·霍尔特⏹Middlemarch米德尔马契⏹Daniel Deronda丹尼尔·德龙拉●Thomas Hardy托马斯·哈代1840~1928⏹ A Pair of Blue Eyes一双蓝眼睛⏹The Trumpet Major号兵长⏹Desperate Remedies非常手段⏹The Hand of Ethelberta艾塞尔伯塔的婚姻⏹Under the Greenwood Tree绿荫下⏹Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣⏹The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长⏹Tess of the D’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝⏹Jude the Obscure无名的裘德●Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德·丁尼生1809~1892⏹In Memoriam悼念⏹Break, Break, Break冲击、冲击、冲击⏹Idylls of the King国王叙事诗●Robert Browning罗伯特·白朗宁1812~1889⏹Dramatic Lyrics戏剧抒情诗⏹Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戏剧故事及抒情诗⏹Men and Women男男女女⏹Dramatic Personae登场人物⏹The Ring and the Book环与书●Elizabeth Barrett Browning伊丽莎白·芭蕾特·白朗宁1806~1861⏹Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗⏹The Cry of the Children孩子们的哭声●John Ruskin约翰·罗斯金1819~1900⏹Modern Painters现代画家⏹The Seven Lamps of Architecture建筑的七盏明灯⏹The Stone of Venice威尼斯石头●Oscar Wilde奥斯卡·王尔德1856~1900⏹The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子故事集⏹The Picture of Dorian Gray多利安·格雷的画像⏹Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子⏹ A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的女人⏹An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫⏹The Importance of Being Earnest认真的重要1900~1950●William Butler Yeats威廉·勃特勒·叶茨1865~1939⏹The Responsibilities责任⏹The Wild Swans at Coole库尔的野天鹅⏹The Tower钟楼⏹The Winding Stair弯弯的楼梯●John Galsworthy约翰·高尔斯华绥1867~1933⏹Forsyte Saga福尔塞世家●The Man of Property有产业的人●In Chancery进退维谷●To Let招租出让⏹The End of the Chapter一章的结束●James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯1882~1941⏹ A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man一个青年艺术家的肖像⏹Ulysses尤利西斯⏹Finnegans Wake芬尼根的苏醒⏹Dubliners都柏林人●Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅·沃尔芙1882~1941⏹Mrs Dalloway达洛维夫人⏹To the Lighthouse到灯塔去⏹The Waves浪●David Herbert Lawrence戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯1885~1930⏹Sons and Lovers儿子与情人⏹The Rainbow虹⏹Women in Love恋爱中的女人⏹Lady Chatterley’s Lover查特莱夫人的情人●George Bernard Shaw乔治·伯纳·萧1856~1950⏹Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业⏹Man and Superman人与超人⏹Major Barbara巴巴拉少校⏹Pygmalion匹格玛利翁⏹Heartbreak House伤心之家⏹The Apple Cart苹果车⏹Saint Joan圣女贞德American Writers and WorksColonial Period●Jonathan Edwards乔纳森·爱德华兹1703~1758⏹The Freedom of the Will意志的自由⏹The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended原罪说辩●Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706~1790⏹Poor Richard’s Almanac格言历书⏹Autobiography自传Romantic Period●Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文⏹ A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty纽约外史⏹The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.见闻札记⏹ A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada征服格拉纳达⏹The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉⏹Rip Van Winkle瑞普·凡·温克尔●James Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯·菲尼莫·库柏1789~1851⏹The Spy间谍⏹Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五部曲◆The Deerslayer杀鹿者◆The Last of the Mohicans最后的莫西干人◆The Pathfinder探路者◆The Pioneer开拓者◆The Prairie草原●Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱莫生1803~1882⏹Nature论自然●Henry David Thoreau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817~1862⏹ A Week on the Concord and Merrimack River康克德和美利马科河上的一周⏹Walden华尔腾⏹ A Plea for John Brown为约翰·布朗请命●Nathaniel Hawthorne纳萨尼尔·霍桑1804~1864⏹Twice-told Tales故事重述⏹Mosses from and Old Manse古宅青苔⏹The Scarlet Letter红字⏹The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁楼的房子⏹The Marble Faun大理石雕像●Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819~1891⏹Typee泰比⏹Omio欧穆⏹Mardi玛地⏹Redburn莱德伯恩⏹White Jacket白外套⏹Moby Dick白鲸(莫比·迪克)⏹Pierre皮埃尔⏹Billy Budd比利·巴德●Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819~1892⏹Leaves of Grass草叶集●Emily Dickenson艾米莉·迪金森1830~1886⏹Because I Can’t Stop for Death因为我不能等待死神⏹I Heard a Fly Buzz – When I died我死时听到了苍蝇的嗡嗡声⏹Mine – by the Right of the White Election我的丈夫——选择如意情人的权利⏹Wild Nights – Wild Nights暴风雨夜●Edgar Allen Poe埃德加·艾伦·坡1809~1849⏹Ms Found in a Bottle在瓶子里发现的手稿⏹The Murders in the Rue Morgue莫格路上的暗杀案⏹The Purloined Letter被盗的信⏹The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌⏹Ligeia丽姬娅⏹The Masque of the Red Death红色死亡的化妆舞会⏹The Philosophy of Composition创作哲学⏹The Poetic Principle诗歌原理⏹Review of Hawthorne’s Twice-told Tales评霍桑的《故事重述》The Age of Realism●William Dean Howells威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯1837~1920⏹The Rise of Silas Lapham塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹⏹ A Modern Instance现代婚姻●Henry James亨利·詹姆斯1843~1916⏹The American美国人⏹Daisy Miller戴希·米勒⏹The Portrait of a Lady一个青年女人的画像⏹The Turn of the Screw拧螺丝⏹The Ambassadors使节⏹The Wings of the Dove鸽翼⏹The Golden Bowl金碗●Mark Twain马克·吐温1835~1910⏹The Gilded Age镀金时代⏹The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索亚历险记⏹The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝里·芬历险记⏹Life on the Mississippi在密西西比河上⏹ A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court在亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州的美国佬⏹The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug败坏了哈德莱堡的人American Naturalism●Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871~1945⏹Sister Carrie嘉丽妹妹⏹Financier金融家⏹The Titan巨头⏹The Stoic斯多噶⏹Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘⏹American Tragedy美国的悲剧⏹The Genius天才●Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克兰1871~1900⏹Maggie, a Girl of the Street街头女郎麦琪⏹The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章⏹The Black Riders and Other Lines黑衣骑士及其他⏹War Is Kind战争是仁慈的The Modern Period●Ezra Pound埃兹拉·庞德1885~1972⏹Cantos诗章●Thomas Sterns Eliot托马斯·斯特恩斯·艾略特1888~1965⏹The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock杰·阿尔弗雷德·普鲁夫洛克的情歌⏹The Waste Land荒原⏹Hollow Man空心人⏹Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三⏹Four Quarters四个四重奏⏹Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案⏹The Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会⏹The Confidential Clerk机要秘书⏹The Sacred Wood圣林⏹Essays on Style and Order风格与秩序论文集⏹After Strange Gods拜异教神●Robert Frost罗伯特·弗洛斯特1874~1963⏹ A Boy’s Will一个男孩的意愿⏹Mountain Interval间歇泉⏹New Hampshire新罕布什尔● F. Scott Fitzgerald弗·斯科特·费兹杰拉德1896~1940⏹This Side of Paradise人间天堂⏹Flappers and Philosophers轻佻女郎与哲学家⏹The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和该死的(漂亮冤家)⏹The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨币(灯绿梦渺)⏹Tender is the Night夜色温柔⏹All the Sad Young Man一代悲哀的年轻人⏹The Last Tycoon最后的巨头●Ernest Hemingway厄内斯特·海明威1899~1961⏹In Our Time在我们的时代里⏹Winner Take Nothing胜者无所得⏹The Torrents of Spring春潮⏹The Sun Also Rises太阳照常升起⏹ A Farewell to Arms永别了,武器⏹Death in the Afternoon午后之死⏹To Have and Have Not富有与贫穷⏹Green Hills of Africa非洲青山⏹The Fifth Column第五纵队⏹For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣⏹The Old Man and the Sea老人与海●Sinclair Lewis辛克莱·刘易斯1885~1951⏹Main Street大街⏹Babbitt巴比特⏹Arrowsmith埃罗史密斯⏹Dodsworth陶兹华斯⏹Elmer Gantry埃尔莫·甘德里●Willa Cather薇拉·凯瑟1873~1947⏹Alexander’s Bridge亚历山大的桥⏹O Pioneers啊,拓荒者!⏹The Song of the Lark莺之歌⏹My Antonia我的安东尼娅●William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897~1962⏹The Marble Faun玉石雕像⏹Soldier’s Pay兵饷⏹Mosquitoes蚊群⏹Sartoris家族小说⏹The Sound and the Fury喧嚣与骚动⏹As I Lay Dying在我弥留之际⏹Light in August八月之光⏹Absalom, Absalom押沙龙,押沙龙⏹Go Down, Moses去吧,莫西●John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克1902~1968⏹Cup of Gold金杯⏹Tortilla Flat煎饼坪⏹In Dubious Battle胜负未决的战斗⏹Of Mice and Men人与鼠⏹The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄The Post-War Period●Jerome David Salinger杰罗姆·大卫·赛林格1919~⏹Catcher in the Rye麦田里的守望者●Joseph Heller约瑟夫·海勒1923~1999⏹Catch-22第二十二条军规●Saul Bellow索尔·贝罗1915~⏹Dangling Man晃来晃去的人⏹The Adventures of Augie March奥吉·玛其历险记- 11 - 11⏹Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德森⏹Herzog赫索格⏹Mr. Sammler’s Planet塞姆勒先生的行星⏹H umboldt’s Gift洪堡的礼物⏹The Dean’s December院长的十二月American Drama●Eugene O’Neil尤金·奥尼尔1888~1953⏹Beyond the Horizon天边外⏹The Emperor Jones琼斯皇帝⏹The Hairy Ape毛猿⏹Desire under the Elms榆树下的欲望⏹The Iceman Cometh卖冰的人来了⏹Long Day’s Journey into Night长夜漫漫路迢迢●Tennessee Williams田纳西·威廉姆斯1911~1983⏹The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园⏹ A Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车⏹Summer and Smoke夏与烟⏹Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫●Arthur Milller亚瑟·米勒1915~⏹The Man Who Had All the Luck交好运的人⏹All My Sons都是我的儿子⏹Death of a Salesman推销员之死⏹The Crucible萨勒姆的女巫⏹ A View for the Bridge桥头眺望●Edward Albee爱德华·阿尔比1928~⏹Zoo Story动物园故事⏹Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼娅·沃尔芙?Black American Literature●Richard Wright理查德·赖特1908~1960⏹Uncle Tom’s Children汤姆叔叔的孩子们⏹Native Son土生子⏹Black Boy黑孩子●Ralph Ellison拉尔芙·爱丽森1914~1994⏹Invisible Man看不见的人●James Baldwin詹姆斯·鲍德温1924~1987⏹Go Tell It on the Mountain向苍天呼吁⏹Notes of a Native Son土生子的札记⏹Nobody Knows My Name没有人知道我的名字⏹The Fire Next Time下一次将是烈火●Toni Morrison托妮·莫瑞森1931~⏹The Bluest Eye最蓝的眼睛⏹Song of Solomon所罗门之歌⏹Tar Baby柏油孩子⏹Beloved宠儿- 12 - 12。

英国文学简史_概述 中文翻译

英国文学简史_概述 中文翻译

英国文学简史_概述中文翻译1、大不列颠人(英国人)在开始学习英国文学史之前,了解一下英国这个民族是很必要的。

英国这个民族是一个混血族。

早期居住在这个岛上的居民是凯尔特人的一个部落,我们现在称它为大不列颠人。

大不列颠人把这个岛屿命名为大不列颠岛,凯尔特人是其原始居民。

他们分为几十个小部落,每个部落都以小屋群居为主。

“最古老的凯尔特人法律今天归结起来显示出氏族任然充满着生命力”。

英国人曾生活在部落社会。

2、罗马人的占领在公元前55年,大不列颠岛被罗马征服者凯撒入侵,而这是的凯撒刚刚占领了高卢。

但是罗马人刚登上大不列颠岛海岸时,就遭到了在首领领导下的大不列颠人的狮子般疯狂的反击,随着罗马将领来来往往的这个世纪,直到公元78年英国从被于罗马帝国完全征服过。

伴随着罗马人的侵略占领,罗马式的生活方式也开始融入英国。

罗马式剧院和澡堂很快的在城镇中兴起。

而这些高雅的文明只不过是罗马侵略者的娱乐享受方式罢了,大不列颠人民却像奴隶一样被压迫着。

罗马人的占领持续了将近400年,在这期间,罗马人因其军事目的在岛上修建了后来被称之为罗马路的纵横交错的公路,这些公路在后期发展中起到了很大的作用。

沿着这些公路开始建立起大量的城镇,伦敦就是其中之一,开始成为重要的贸易中心城市。

罗马的占领也带来了基督教文化。

但是在15世纪初期,罗马帝国处于逐渐的衰落阶段。

公元410年,所有罗马军队撤回欧洲大陆再也没有返回。

因此,也标志这罗马人占领的结束。

3、英国人的占领同时,大不列颠也被成群的海盗给侵略着。

他们是来自北欧的三个部落:盎格鲁人,撒克逊人和朱特人民族。

这三个部落在大不列颠海岸登路,把大不列颠人民赶到西部和北部,然后自己定居下来。

朱特人占领了岛屿东南部的肯特。

撒克逊人占领了岛屿南部地区,并建立起像韦塞克斯,埃塞克斯和东萨塞克斯这样的小王国。

盎格鲁人席卷了东部中部地区,并在东英吉利亚建立王国。

七个像这样的王国在大不列颠岛上逐渐出现。

到公元7世纪,这些小王国开始合并成为今天称为英格兰的统一王国,或被称作盎格鲁人之国。

英国文学通史第2卷

英国文学通史第2卷

英国文学通史第2卷《英国文学通史第2卷》是一部关于英国文学的著作,主要介绍了从古英语时期到20世纪末的英国文学发展历程。

这本书详细阐述了各个时期的文学流派、代表作家及其作品,以及英国文学在整个发展过程中的主题变迁、风格演变等方面的内容。

本书旨在为广大读者提供一个全面、系统的英国文学学习参考资料。

以下是这本书的各个时期的部分代表作品和作家:1.古英语时期(约450-1100年):- 代表作品:《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf)- 代表作家:无名氏2.诺斯曼时期(1100-1500年):- 代表作品:《尼伯龙根之歌》(The Nibelungenlied)- 代表作家:未知3.文艺复兴时期(1500-1660年):- 代表作品:莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet)、约翰·凯奇的《乌托邦》(Utopia)- 代表作家:威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare)、托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More)4.17世纪文学(1660-1700年):- 代表作品:约翰·弥尔顿的《失乐园》(Paradise Lost)、约翰·班扬的《天路历程》(Pilgrim's Progress)- 代表作家:约翰·弥尔顿(John Milton)、约翰·班扬(John Buny an)5.18世纪文学(1700-1800年):- 代表作品:丹尼尔·笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》(Robinson Crusoe)、简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice)- 代表作家:丹尼尔·笛福(Daniel Defoe)、简·奥斯汀(Jane Aust en)6.19世纪文学(1800-1900年):- 代表作品:查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)、夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简·爱》(Jane Eyre)- 代表作家:查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)、夏洛蒂·勃朗特(C harlotte Brontë)7.20世纪文学(1900-2000年):- 代表作品:乔治·奥威尔的《1984》、弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《达洛维夫人》(Mrs. Dalloway)- 代表作家:乔治·奥威尔(George Orwell)、弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫(V irginia Woolf)。

【精编范文】英国文学史复习资料-word范文 (26页)

【精编范文】英国文学史复习资料-word范文 (26页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==英国文学史复习资料篇一:英国文学史复习资料英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted invast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer‘s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some wordsin a sentencebegin with the same consonant sound(头韵)Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled wayUnderstatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创―双韵体‖,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

英国文学史简介(中文版)

英国文学史简介(中文版)

Early and Medieval English Literature(449-1485)英国中世纪文学史大致可分为盎格鲁-撒克逊(The Anglo-Saxon Period,449-1066)和中古英语(The Middle English Period,1066-1485)两个时期。

公元前八九世纪高卢(Gaul,今法国)人迁入不列颠岛,成为英国最早的居民。

公元1世纪至410年,英伦三岛为罗马人占领。

449年开始,北欧日耳曼部族的朱特人(Jutes)、盎格鲁人(Angles)和撒克逊人(Saxons)陆续入侵不列颠。

他们的语言——盎格鲁-撒克逊语(Anglo-Saxon)或古英语(Old English)——也开始广为传播。

597年,奥古斯丁(Saint Augustine,?-604)率40余名修士来到英格兰传教,基督教开始在不列颠岛盛行。

盎格鲁-撒克逊时代最重要的文学作品是长达3 000多行的头韵史诗《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf,700-750),讲述了一个斯堪的纳维亚的民间传说。

古英语散文的杰出代表是比德(the Venerable Bede,673-735)的《英吉利人民宗教史》(Ecclesiastical History of the English People,731-732),其中包括英国第一宗教诗人开德蒙(Caedmon)充满神奇色彩的生平事迹。

该作品用拉丁文写成,后译成英文,是了解早期英国历史的珍贵史料。

公元891年,韦塞克斯(Wessex)国王艾尔弗雷德(Alfred,849-901)开始组织修士汇编《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》(The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle),后人一直续编至1154年。

这是第一部用英语写成的散文巨著,文风简约、质朴,对英国散文的发展产生了深远的影响。

1066年,诺曼底公爵威廉(William,Duke of Normandy)打败英军,夺得王位,成为英国威廉一世(William I),史称“诺曼征服”(the Norman Conquest).此后今300年的时间里,法语一直是英国统治阶层的语言,教会学者用拉丁文写作,英语只在民众中通用,以至于在12世纪之前几乎没有用英文写成的文学作品。

英国文学史重要资料详细解读

英国文学史重要资料详细解读

英国文学史重要资料详细解读1 The Medieval Age1. Types of LiteraturePoetry,Drama,Prose(novels, short stories, and essays)Anglo-Saxons:2. Three tribes---- the Angles, the Saxons, the JutesLanguage: Germanic dialects3. Anglo-Saxon historyAnglo-Saxon period : 449-1066;Anglo-Norman period : 1066-1350;Literature is divided into two parts: Pagan(异教)and Christian4. The Middle AgesIn Europe: usu. from 5th c. to 16th c., marked by division of Western Christianity in the Reformation, the rise of humanism in the Italian Renaissance, and beginnings of European overseas expansion which allowed for the Columbian Exchange.In Britain: 446-14666. 3 stages of English lg DevelopmentOld English /Anglo-Saxon (usu. the language up to 1066);Middle English (about 1100-1500);Modern English (about 1500-present)II. Beowulf and balladsBeowulf: heroic epic; 1st English national literary workcf: First Chinese literary workThe Book of Songs (Classic of Poetry)(《诗经》)(305 poems from Xizhou to middle Chunqiu: folk songs, sacrificial songs and ceremonial songs )III. Geoffrey Chaucer(ca 1343-1400)Major works: The House of Fame(1379-1384) ;Troilus andCriseyde(1372-1385) ;The Canterbury Tales(1386-1400) Status in literature : “father of English poetry” & one of the greatest narrative poets in Britain;first great poet in the current English language;IV. Selected writing1. The Canterbury TalesOriginal plan: a collection of stories in a frame tale, between 1387 and 1400 about 30 pilgrims from London to Canterbury. Each pilgrim, from all layers of society, tells 4 stories to each other to kill time while traveling.Part IV The Renaissance1. RenaissanceDefinition---(Fr.)rebirth or revival: a cultural movement roughly from 14th to 17th c., from Italy in late Middle Ages and later to the rest of Europe; a revival of learning based on classical sources;Influence: literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, religion, & other aspects of intellectual enquiry; best known for artistic developments & contributions of such polymaths(博学大师) as Leonardo da Vinci & Michelangelo, who inspired the term "Renaissance men".Renaissance marked a transition from the Medieval Period to the modern age in European history.2) Two features of Renaissance(1) a thirst for classical lit.: They discovered and read ancient Greek & Roman classics which ledto flowering of painting, sculpture, architecture and so on.(2) a keen interest in life and human activities rather than religion3) Representatives & their famous worksLeonardo. Da Vinci(1452-1519) Mona Lisa (1479-1528), La Gioconda, wife of Francesco del Giocondo The Last Supper 14982) Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564) sculptor, painter, architect & poet David Gigantic marble, started in 1501 & finished in 1504 The Holy Family with the infant St. John the Baptist (the Doni T ondo)The Creation of Adam (Fragment of the Sistine Chapel ceiling)1511-12 Fresco(壁画):The Separation of Light and Darkness (1508-1512), Sistine Chapel, V atican3) Dante (1472-1629)Dante Alighieri:poet, prose writer, lit. theorist, moral philosopher, political thinkerDivine Comedy(《神曲》)T o be widely considered the central epic poem of Italian literature, & as one of greatest works of world lit.2. Old England in TransitionHistorical background: 16th c----from feudalism to capitalism: “sheep devoured men” by Thomas More Absolute monarchy: break off with the Pope, dissolving all the monasteries & abbeys(修道院), confiscating their lands and proclaiming himself head of the Church of England. Absolute monarchy reached its summit during reign of Queen Elizabeth(1558-1603).Hundred Years’War with France(1336-1453) ?civil wars.Henry VII(1481-1509): Tudor dynasty, a centralized monarchy of a totally new type, which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie.sea power after defeating Spaindevelopment of science & art3. English RenaissanceDefinition: Largely literary, a great number of classical works were translated into Eng. during 16th c., which was carried out by progressive thinkers of humanists.Chief interest: not in ecclesiastical(基督教的;(与)教会(有关)的)knowledge, but in man, his environment & doings; brave fight for emancipation(解放)of man from tyranny of the church and religious dogmas.Greatest achievement:Elizabethan drama →Shakespeare, C. Marlow (blank verse) & B. Johnson;prose →F. Bacon, T. More (Utopia)Subject matter: away from religious subjects, & into other realms of social & personal lifeII. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)1. Life and career1564: Born in market town--- Stratford-upon-Avon; 1571: local grammar school (Latin & Greek); 1585, left for London, 1st worked by taking care of horses, gradually joined actors, & by 1592, a leading actor. In addition to acting, began to write plays and poems.2. WorksRoughly 4 periods: 37 plays, 2 narrative poems & 154 sonnets1590 -1594 -- apprenticeship: early history plays & a group of comedies1595 -1600 -- rapid growth & development: more careful & artistic work, better plot, and amarked increase in knowledge of human nature1601 - 1608-- gloom and depression: a period of his tragedies1609 -1612-- restored serenity: calm after storm1) ComedyAll’s Well That Ends Well (dark comedy) As You Like It The Comedy of Errors Cymbeline (romantic tragic comedy)(辛白林)Love’s Labour’s Lost (《爱的徒劳》) Measure for Measure The Merry Wives of Windsor Merchant of VeniceA Midsummer Night's Dream Much Ado About Nothing Pericles, Prince of TyreTaming of the Shrew The Tempest(骚动)(romantic tragicomedy) Troilus and Cressida Twelfth Night Two Gentlemen of Verona Winter's Tale (romantic tragicomedy)2) History Henry IV, part 1 Henry IV, part 2 Henry VHenry VI, part 1 Henry VI, part 2 Henry VI, part 3 Henry VIII King John RichardII Richard III3) Tragedy Antony and Cleopatra Coriolanus Hamlet * Julius Caesar King Lear * Macbeth * Othello * Romeo and Juliet Timon of Athens Titus Andronicus4) Poetry Sonnets A Lover's Complaint The Rape of Lucrece V enus and Adonis Funeral Elegy(哀歌)by W.S.3. Shakespeare’s achievements1) He represents the trend of history in giving voice to the desires & aspirations of the people: peace under a strong monarch who would unite the whole country.2) Humanism: More important than his historical sense of his time, he reflects the spirit of his age.3) Characters are “round”(many aspects or dimensions): vice & virtue commingle, true of common sense of humanity;4) Originality: though drawing mostly from sources known to audience, his plays are original for his instilling into old materials a new spirit.5) Shakespeare as a great poet---both a great dramatist & poet:Sonnets, long poems, his dramas all in poetic form rich in images, conceit(别出心裁的比喻), metaphors & symbols;lyrical, poetical, ecstatic, pathetic(狂喜的), cynical(愤世嫉俗的), sarcastic, and ironic.6) Shakespeare as master of the English language:A command of about 15,000 words with different meanings of the same word, or vice versa; many of his quotations & phrases have been absorbed into the English lg.4. Work study: HamletMaster art---madness real & sham; intentional killing & unintentional; play within the play;reversion or surprise turn of events; hesitation: both love & hatred for the mother;killing & delay; language & characterization, etc.Languagecourtly: elaborate, witty discourse Hamlet is most skilled at rhetoric: highly developed metaphors, stichomythia(轮流对白), & in 9 memorable words, deploying both anaphora(首语重复)& asyndeton(连接词省略): "to die: to sleep—/ T o sleep, perchance to dream".precise & straightforward,st. punsThemerevenge & struggle for the throne within the court, but main purpose was for the revelation of sthmore profound & realistic: contradiction between humanist ideals and the reality.Soliloquy(独白)a dramatic speech delivered by one character speaking aloud while under the impression of being alone. The soliloquist reveals inner thoughts & feelings to audience, either in supposed self-communion or in a consciously direct address; also known as interior monologue(内心独白). Hamlet's soliloquiesHe interrupts himself, vocalising either disgust or agreement with himself, & embellishing(润色) his own words. He has difficulty expressing himself directly and instead blunts thrust of his thought with wordplay. It is not until late in the play, after his experience with the pirates, that he is able to articulate his feelings freely.译文欣赏生存还是毁灭,这是一个值得考虑的问题;默然忍受命运暴虐的毒箭,或是挺身反抗人世间无涯的苦难,通过斗争把它们扫清,这两种行为,哪一种更高贵?死了;睡着了;什么都完了;要是在这一种睡眠之中,我们心头的创痛,以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击,都可以从此消失,那正是我们求之不得的结局。

七年级下册英历史知识点

七年级下册英历史知识点

七年级下册英历史知识点七年级下册英语历史知识点历史是一门重要的学科,它让我们了解过去发生的事情,更好地理解现在的世界。

英语历史知识也是英语学习中的一个重要组成部分。

在七年级下册的英语学习中,学生们需要掌握以下重要历史知识点:1. 英国的芝加哥大火1881年10月8日,芝加哥发生大火,此次火灾共造成了300名人员死亡, 100,000名人员失业和30万人流离失所。

然而,芝加哥的重建展现了美国的恢复能力和经济实力,它们奠定了美国在世界上的地位。

2. 伊丽莎白女王一世和莎士比亚伊丽莎白女王一世是英格兰历史上最著名的君主之一,她在位期间实现了英格兰的繁荣和稳定。

莎士比亚是英国最伟大的文学家之一,他的作品在世界文学史上具有重要的地位。

伊丽莎白女王和莎士比亚的生活和创作为英国文化和历史做出了杰出的贡献。

3. 美国的南北战争美国南北战争(1861-1865)是美国历史上最重要的一场战争。

战争的原因是南部的奴隶制度和北部的反对奴隶制度的运动之间的矛盾。

战争结束后,美国废除了奴隶制度,并采取了其他措施来缓解南北之间的紧张关系。

4. 印度的非暴力独立运动印度的非暴力独立运动是印度历史上最重要的运动之一。

该运动由甘地领导,追求印度的独立和自由。

运动采用非暴力的方式进行抗议和抵抗,使印度成为非暴力运动的典范。

5. 中国的文化大革命文化大革命是中国历史上重要的事件之一,发生在1966年至1976年之间。

这是一场由毛泽东领导的基于社会主义观念的政治运动。

然而,运动的运作方式和结果导致了大规模的文化和人口的破坏。

掌握这些英语历史知识点对于学习英语以及理解世界历史都是非常有帮助的。

希望通过学习这些知识,同学们可以更好地了解和理解世界和我们自己的历史。

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英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer‟s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:ing alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence beginwith the same consonant sound(头韵)Some examples on P5ing metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled wayUnderstatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。

代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。

)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集:first time to use …heroic couplet‟(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three:King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the EnglishRenaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。

)The poets‟poet.The first to be buried in the Poet‟s corner of Westerminster Abbey①<The Faerie Queene>仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:ing Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight linesin iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.② <The Shepherds Calendar>牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.③ <Amoretti>爱情小唱2. Thomas More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535One of the greatest English humanists①<Utopia>乌托邦3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626(哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。

)Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man‟s reason.①<The Advancement of Learning>学术的推进②<Essays>随笔(famous quotas: <Of studies>)The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted bydifferent people to pursue studies.4. Ben Jonson①<Comedy of Humours>②<Volpone, or the fox>狐狸5. Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama(完善了无韵体诗。

)Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.①<The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus>浮士德博士的悲剧(根据德国民间故事书写成)②<Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝③<The Jew of Malta>马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616①Historical plays:Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ;Richard II;Henry VIII②Four Comedies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <AMidsummer Night‟S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王;<Macbeth>麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of14 lines, usually in iambicpentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century1. John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。

)①Epics: <Paradise Lost>失乐园<Paradise Regained>复乐园②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙③ <Areopagitica>论出版自由<The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩④ <On His Blindness>我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical ofItalian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure thesuffering best.2. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。

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