2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研题源,考研真题,模拟题4

阅读题源英国的老龄化危机现在，许多经济大国开始面临人口老龄化危机。

英国就是其中之一。

缩减的适龄劳动力人群和增加的养老需求，让英国政府很是头疼。

政府自三年前就开始采取措施颁布新令改革养老金和退休政策，试图平衡逐渐缩小的政府收入和日渐增加的开支。

测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：greying头发变灰，代指老龄化demographic人口统计，人口分布think-tank智库UK pensions:tough choices as‘old age support ratio’shrinks（475words）By Josephine Cumbo------------------------------------------------------Over the course of the20th century the UK made big strides to improve the life expectancy of its citizens,who100years ago were considered middle-aged at25.Back in1901,a male could typically expect to live to45.By2012,life expectancy for men had nearly doubled to79,according to the Office for National Statistics(ONS).While rising longevity is cause for celebration,the challenges of a greying population are looming large,not only for retirement income systems,but also for health and social care services.As in other developed countries,advances in medicine and diets have contributed to UK citizens living longer,a trend set to continue.By2050, the proportion of the UK population aged65and over is projected to reach nearly a quarter at24per cent,up from17per cent in2012,according to the ONS.Strikingly,the fastest increases will be among the“oldest old”,with 资料来源：育明考研考博官网the proportion aged85and over forecast to treble from2per cent to6 per cent.Academics say these rapidly evolving demographic changes will affect everyone in society,regardless of age.“At worst,not only could it imply rising poverty,poor health and the erosion of social care for those in old age over the coming decades,but also lower standards of living for all of us,as ageing acts as a drag on economic growth and the future delivery of public services,”says David Sinclair,director of the International Longevity Centre UK,a think-tank.One of the main worries is that as the proportion reaching retirement age grows,the number of working age people will shrink as birth rates decline.This is a concern because UK state pension payments are funded through taxation and national insurance contributions from those of working age.The number of working age people to every pensioner,or the“old age support ratio”,is forecast to fall to 2.9by2050,from 3.3in the mid-1970s to2006.“Tax revenue from those in work may fail to keep up with demand for social security and healthcare from an increasingly large proportion of people aged over65and out of work and who have poor health,”adds Mr Sinclair.“This will force governments to make tough choices.”Given this looming problem,the government has pushed back the qualification age for the state pension to67by2028.Currently,the state pension age is set to equalise at65for women and men by2018.It has also taken steps to address big shortfalls in private pension savings,through the automatic enrolment of eligible staff into workplace pensions.Under this policy,introduced three years ago,2per cent of a worker’s qualifying earnings is saved into a pension,comprising a contribution from employer,employee and tax relief,rising to8per cent by2018.资料来源：育明考研考博官网What sector of the government’s system is not affected by the greying population?∙Retirement Income∙Health∙Education∙Social CareBy2020,how big will UK’s population of over65years old be?∙17%of the entire population∙About a quarter of the entire population∙One tenth of the entire population∙More than half of the entire populationWhat’s the author’s attitude towards the“greying population”phenomenon?∙Indifferent∙Easy∙PositiveC What age does the government want to change for the qualification ofstate pension?∙65∙67∙60资料来源：育明考研考博官网资料来源：育明考研考博官网70英国的老龄化危机解析C 文章第三段提到人口老龄化影响到政府的不只有退休金，还有健康与社会保障系统。

B 文章第四段统计数据表示到2020年，65岁以上的人群会达到全部人口的四分之一左右。

D 文章第九段作者使用了“concern”这个词来形容人口老龄化的情况，所以可以看出作者是担心这个情况的。

B 文章倒数第三段写了政府希望在2028年以前把领取政府退休金的年龄要求从65岁升至67岁。

对外经济贸易大学2016年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试翻译硕士351英语翻译基础[冲刺模拟一Part 1Terminology and Phrase Translation (30%)Section one:Translate the following terms into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10point).1.Phonemic contrast 6.Assimilationplementary distribution 7.Dissimilation3.Back-formation 8.Semantic disambiguation 4Bound morpheme9.Paraphrase资料来源：育明考研考博官网.5.Ambiguity10.AdaptationSection Two:Translate the following terms into English.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points).1.申报财产 6.停火协议2.公开财产7.党要管党、从严治党3.公开收入8.提案制4.气候融资9.赢得连任5.观察员国10.和平发展Section Three:Give full forms of the following acronyms and translate them into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)1.APEC 6.NASA2.IOC 7.ASEAN3.ISO 8.SCO4.OPEC 9.IAEA5.WTO10.IMFPart II Passage Translation (120%)资料来源：育明考研考博官网Section One:Translate the following passage into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(60points)Washington Mutual Bank,known also as WaMu,rose out the ashes of the great Seattle fire to make its first home loan in 1890.By 2004,WaMu had become one of the nation’s largest financial institutions and a leading mortgage lender.Its demise just four years later provides a case history that traces not only the rise of high risk lending in the mortgage field,but also how those high risk mortgages led to the failure of a leading bank and contributed to the financial crisis of 2008.For many years,WaMu was a mid-sized thrift,specializing in home mortgages.In the 1990s,WaMu initiated a period of growth and acquisition,expanding until it became the nation’s largest thrift and sixth largest bank,with $300billion in assets,$188billion in deposits,2,300branches in 15states,and over 43,000employees.In 2003,its longtime CEO,Kerry Killinger,said he wanted to do for the lending industry what Wal-Mart and others did for their industries,by catering to middle and lower income Americans and helping the less well off buy homes.Soon after,WaMu embarked on a strategy of high risk lending.By 2006,its high risk loans beganincurring record rates of delinquency and default,and its securitizations saw ratings downgrades and losses.In 2007,the bank itself began incurring losses.Itsshareholders lost confidence,and depositors began withdrawing funds,eventually causing a liquidity crisis.On September 25,2008,119years to the day of its founding,WaMu was seized by its regulator,the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS),and sold to JPMorgan Chase for $1.9billion.Had the sale not gone through,WaMu’s failure might have exhausted the $45billion Deposit Insurance Fund.Washington Mutual is the largest bank failure in U.S.history.This case study examines how one bank’s strategy for growth and profit led to the origination and securitization of hundreds of billions of dollars in poor qualitymortgages that undermined the U.S.financial system.WaMu had held itself out as a prudent lender,but in reality,the bank turned increasingly to higher risk loans.Its fixed rate mortgage originations fell from 64%of its loan originations in 2003,to 25%in 2006,while subprime,Option ARM,and home equity originations jumped from 19%of the originations to 55%.Using primarily loans from its subprime lender,Long Beach Mortgage Corporation,WaMu’s subprime securitizations grew sixfold,increasing from about $4.5billion in 2003,to $29billion in securitizations in 2006.From 2000to 2007,WaMu and Long Beach together securitized at least $77billion in subprime loans.WaMu also increased its origination of Option ARMs,its flagship product,which from 2003to 2007,represented as much as half of all of WaMu’s loan originations.In 2006alone,Washington Mutual originated more than $42.6billion in Option ARM loans and sold or securitized at least $115billion,including sales to the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac).In addition,WaMu dramatically increased its origination andsecuritization of home equity loan products.By 2007,home equity loans made up $63.5billion or 27%of its home loan portfolio,a 130%increase from 2003.At the same time that WaMu was implementing its High Risk Lending Strategy,WaMu and Long Beach engaged in a host of shoddy lending practices that contributed资料来源：育明考研考博官网to a mortgage time bomb.Those practices included qualifying high risk borrowers for larger loans than they could afford;steering borrowers to higher risk loans;accepting loan applications without verifying the borrower’s income;using loans with teaser rates that could lead to payment shock when higher interest rates took effect later on;promoting negatively amortizing loans in which many borrowers increased rather than paid down their debt;and authorizing loans with multiple layers of risk.In addition,WaMu and Long Beach failed to enforce compliance with their lending standards;allowed excessive loan error and exception rates;exercised weak oversight over the third party mortgage brokers who supplied half or more of their loans;and tolerated the issuance of loans with fraudulent or erroneous borrower information.They also designed compensation incentives that rewarded loan personnel for issuing a large volume of higher risk loans,valuing speed and volume over loan quality.(WALL STREET AND THE FINANCIAL CRISIS:Anatomy of a Financial Collapse)Section Two:Translate the following passage into English.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(60points)“初次分配体制改革是缩小收入差距的关键。