最新-上海格致中学2018届高三第一学期期中考试---物理精品

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上海市达标名校2018年高考一月质量检测物理试题含解析

上海市达标名校2018年高考一月质量检测物理试题一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1．放置于固定斜面上的物块，在平行于斜面向上的拉力F作用下，沿斜面向上做直线运动。

拉力F和物块速度v随时间t变化的图象如图，则不正确的是：（）A．第1s内物块受到的合外力为0.5NB．物块的质量为11kgC．第1s内拉力F的功率逐渐增大D．前3s内物块机械能一直增大2．平行板电容器C与三个可控电阻R1、R2、R3以及电源连成如图所示的电路，闭合开关S，待电路稳定后，电容器C两极板带有一定的电荷，要使电容器所带电荷量减少。

以下方法中可行的是（）A．只增大R1，其他不变B．只增大R2，其他不变C．只减小R3，其他不变D．只减小a、b两极板间的距离，其他不变3．如图所示，“娃娃机”是指将商品陈列在一个透明的箱内，其上有一个可控制的抓取玩具的机器手臂的机器，使用者要凭自己的技术操控手臂，以取到自己想要的玩具。

不计空气阻力，关于“娃娃机”，下列说法正确的是（）A．玩具从机械爪处自由下落时，玩具的机械能守恒B．机械爪抓到玩具匀速水平移动时，玩具的动能增加C ．机械爪抓到玩具匀速上升时，玩具的机械能守恒D ．机械爪抓到玩具加速上升时，机械爪做的功等于玩具重力势能的变化量4．如图所示，固定斜面上放一质量为m 的物块，物块通过轻弹簧与斜面底端的挡板连接，开始时弹簧处于原长，物块刚好不下滑。

现将物块向上移动一段距离后由静止释放，物块一直向下运动到最低点，此时刚好不上滑，斜面的倾角为θ，重力加速度为g ，最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力，则在物块向下运动过程中，下列说法不正确的是()A ．物块与斜面间的动摩擦因数为tan θB ．当弹簧处于原长时物块的速度最大C ．当物块运动到最低点前的一瞬间，加速度大小为sin g θD ．物块的动能和弹簧的弹性势能的总和为一定值5．人类对物质属性的认识是从宏观到微观不断深入的，下列说法正确的是（）A ．晶体的物理性质都是各向异性的B ．露珠呈现球状是由于液体表面张力的作用C ．布朗运动是固体分子的运动，它说明分子永不停歇地做无规则运动D ．当分子力表现为斥力时，分子力和分子势能总是随分子间距离的减小而减小6．如图所示，纸面为竖直面，MN 为竖直线段，空间存在平行于纸面的足够宽广的水平方向匀强电场，其大小和方向未知，图中未画出，一带正电的小球从M 点在纸面内以0v 的速度水平向左开始运动，以后恰好以大小为02v v = 的速度通过N 点．已知重力加速度g,不计空气阻力．则下列正确的是（）A ．小球从M 到N 的过程经历的时间0v t g=B ．可以判断出电场强度的方向水平向左C ．从M 点到N 点的过程中小球的机械能先增大后减小D．从M到N的运动过程中速度大小一直增大二、多项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分7．2019年9月21日，“多彩贵州”自行车联赛在赤水市举行第五站的赛事一辆做匀变速直线运动的赛车，初速度v0=5m/s，它的位置坐标x与速度的二次方v2的关系图像如图所示，则（）A．赛车的加速度大小为2.5m/s2B．赛车在t=2s时速度为0C．赛车在前2s内的位移大小为7.5mD．赛车在1s时的位置坐标为2.375m8．在用油膜法估测分子大小的实验中，所用油酸酒精溶液的浓度为η，且n滴溶液体积为V。

2018-2019学年上海市黄浦区格致中学高一上学期期中考试物理试卷

2018-2019学年上海市黄浦区格致中学高一上学期期中考试物理试卷一、单选题1. 小球从距地面5m高处落下,被地面反向弹回后,在距地面2m高处被接住,则小球从高处落下到被接住这一过程中通过的路程和位移的大小分别是( )A. 7m 7mB. 5m 2mC. 5m 3mD. 7m 3m【答案】D【解答】小球的起点在A末点在B，由图可知AB的长度为3米，因此其位移大小为3m，路程为小球经过的轨迹长度，由题意可知，路程为7m，故ABC错误，D正确。

2. 刘翔能够获得雅典奥运会110米跨栏冠军,取决于他在这110米中( )A. 某时刻的瞬时速度大B. 撞线时的瞬时速度大C. 平均速度大D. 起跑时的加速度大【答案】C【解答】110米跨栏比赛,位移相等,时间短的为冠军,是相同位移内比时间,而平均速度等于位移与时间的比值,所以刘翔能够获得雅典奥运会110米跨栏冠军,取决于他在这110米中平均速度大.所以C选项是正确的,A、B、D错误.所以C选项是正确的.3. 下列说法中正确的是（）A. 物体的速度改变量越大，加速度越大B. 物体在单位时间内速度变化越大，加速度越大C. 物体速度大，加速度也大D. 物体速度为零，加速度也为零【答案】B【解答】A. 速度改变量越大，但不知道改变所用时间，故不能确定加速度越大，A错误；B. 加速度是速度变化和所用时间的比值，也就是单位时间内速度的变化，故B正确；C. 物体速度大说明物体运动快，物体运动快不能说明物体的速度变化也快，故C错误；D. 物体速度为0时加速度不一定为0，竖直上抛的物体在最高点速度为0但加速度不为0，故D错误。

4. 从同一高度处相隔1s先后由静止释放两个相同的小球，不计空气阻力，它们在空中下落过程中（）A. 两球间距离保持不变，速度之差也保持不变B. 两球间距离越来越大，速度之差也越来越大C. 两球间距离越来越大，而速度之差保持不变D. 两球间距离越来越小，而速度之差保持不变【答案】C【解答】以释放第2个球开始计时，第一个球此时的速度v1=gt=10m/s，经过t时间后，第一个球的速度v=v1+gt，第二个球的速度v′=gt，则两球的速度差△v=v-v′=10m/s．两球的速度之差保持不变，；以释放第2个球开始计时，第一个球此时的速度v1=gt=10m/s，与第二球之间的距离x1=gt2=×10×1m=5m．经过t时间后，第一个球的位移x=v1t+gt2，第二个球的位移x′=gt2，两球之间的距离为：△x=（x+5）-x′=5+10t，时间增大，两球间的距离越来越大，故C正确5. 关于弹力,下列说法正确的是( )A. 只要两个物体接触就一定产生弹力B. 物体间有弹力就一定有摩擦力C. 物体间粗糙并有弹力就一定有摩擦力D. 物体间有摩擦力就一定有弹力【答案】D【解答】A、弹力产生的条件是相互接触挤压,相互接触的物体之间不一定挤压,故不一定有弹力作用,故A错误;B、C、D、摩擦力产生条件包括弹力产生条件、接触面粗糙和相对运动或相对运动趋势,故有摩擦力物体间一定有弹力,但有弹力的物体间不一定有摩擦力,故B,C错误,D正确;6. 如图是某质点的运动图象，由图象可以得出的正确结论是（）A. 0﹣4s内的位移大小是3mB. 0﹣1s内加速度是2m/s2C. 0﹣4s内平均速度是2m/sD. 0﹣1s内的速度方向与2﹣4s内速度方向相反【答案】B【解答】A、v﹣t图象的“面积”表示位移，所以0﹣4s内的位移大小为s=2=5，平均速度是v=，故AC错误．B、v﹣t图象的斜率表示加速度，所以0﹣1s内加速度是a=k==2m/s2，故B正确；D、0﹣4s内的v﹣t图象均位于横轴上方，这表示速度的方向相同，即与规定的正方向相同，故D错误．7. 下列四组共点力中,合力不可能为零的是（）A. 3N、4N和5NB. 3N、4N和8NC. 10N、5N和5ND. 6N、6N和8N【答案】B【解答】三力合成时要使合力为零，应使任意两力之和大于第三力，任意两力之差小于第三力．8. 如图所示是一个质点作匀变速直线运动s～t图中的一段．从图中所给的数据可以确定质点在运动过程中经过图线上P点所对应位置时的速度大小一定（）A. 大于2m/sB. 等于2m/sC. 小于2m/sD. 无法确定【答案】A【解答】物体做的是匀变速直线运动，p点为位移的中间位置，而这段时间的平均速度的大小为2m/s，根据匀变速直线运动的规律可知，此段位移的中间时刻的瞬时速度即为2m/s，由于中间时刻的瞬时速度要小于中间位置的瞬时速度，所以P点速度要大于2m/s，所以A正确．9. 水平桌面上静止放置一个重160N的物体,与桌面间的动摩擦因数为0.3,当依次用25N、45N、70N的水平力拉此物体时,物体受到的摩擦力依次为(设最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力)( )A. 25N、45N、70NB. 25N、45N、45NC. 0、0、48ND. 25N、45N、48N 【答案】A【解答】因最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力,故最大静摩擦力为：F m=μmg=0.3×160=48N；当拉力为25N和45N时时，物体处于静止，摩擦力分别等于25N和45N；当拉力为70N时，拉力大于最大静摩擦力，物体发生滑动，受到的为滑动摩擦力，大小为：f=μmg=0.3×160=48N；故选：D.10. 一物体以足够大的初速度做竖直上抛运动，在上升过程中最后1s内的初瞬时速度大小和最后1s内的位移大小分别为：（g=10m/s2）（）A. 10m/s，10mB. 10m/s，5mC. 5m/s，5mD. 由于不知道v0的大小，无法计算【答案】B【解答】竖直上抛运动的上升和下降过程具有对称性；采用逆向思维法，上升过程中最后1s初的瞬时速度的大小等于自由落体运动的1s末的瞬时速度，为：v=gt=10m/s；上升过程中最后1s内的位移的大小等于自由落体运动的第1s 的位移大小，为：h=1/2gt2=12×10×12=5m；故选：B11. A、B、C三个物体通过细线和光滑的滑轮相连，处于静止状态，如图所示，C是一箱砂子，砂子和箱的重力都等于G，动滑轮的质量不计，打开箱子下端开口，使砂子均匀流出，经过时间t0流完，则图中哪个图线表示在这过程中桌面对物体B的摩擦力f随时间的变化关系（）∙ A.∙ B.∙ C.D.【答案】B【解答】设绳子的张力大小为T.以AB两个物体组成的整体作为研究对象，根据平衡条件得，桌面对物体B的摩擦力f=2T.设t时刻砂子流掉的重力为G′，则由题可知，G′=kt，t时刻对C:由平衡条件得，2T=2G−G′，则有f=2G−G′=2G−kt，可见，f与t是线性关系，f−t图象是向下倾斜的直线。

上海市金山中学2018届高三物理上学期期中试题

金山中学2017学年度第一学期高三年级物理学科期中考试卷（考试时间：60分钟满分：100分）一、选择题（共40分。

第1-8小题，每小题3分，第9-12小题，每小题4分。

每小题只有一个正确答案。

）1、下列哪一句话可从牛顿第一定律演绎得出（）（A ）质量是物体惯性的量度（B ）物体的运动需要力来维持（C ）质量一定的物体加速度与合外力成正比（D ）物体有保持原有运动状态的特性2.教科书中这样表述牛顿第一定律：一切物体总保持匀速直线运动状态或静止状态，直到有外力迫使它改变这种状态为止。

其中“改变这种状态”指的是改变物体的（）（A ）加速度（B ）速度（C ）位置（D ）受力3.一个弹性小球，在光滑水平面上以4m/s 的速度向左垂直撞到墙上，碰撞后小球以大小为2m/s 速度向右运动。

则碰撞前后小球速度变化量 v 的大小和方向分别为（）（A ）2m/s ，向右（B ）2m/s ，向左（C ）6m/s ，向右（D ）6m/s ，向左4.质量为2kg 的质点仅受两个力作用，两个力的大小分别为3N 和5N 。

则该质点的加速度的值可能为（）（A ）0.5m/s 2（B ）0.75m/s 2（C ）3.5m/s2（D ）4.5 m/s 25.如图所示为A 、B 两物体做匀速圆周运动时向心加速度a 随半径r 变化的图线，由图可知( )．A ．A 物体的线速度大小不变B ．A 物体的角速度不变C ．B 物体的线速度大小不变D ． B 物体的角速度与半径成正比6.如图所示，a 、b 两细绳一端系着质量为m 的小球，另一端系在竖直放置的圆环上，开始时绳b 水平。

设绳a 、b 对小球作用力的合力大小为F 合。

现将圆环在竖直平面内逆时针极其缓慢地向左滚动90°，在此过程中（）（A ）F 合始终增大（B ）F 合保持不变（A ） F 合先增大后减小（D ）F 合先减小后增大7.三段材质完全相同且不可伸长的细绳OA 、OB 、OC ，它们共同悬挂一重物，如图所示，其中OB 水平，A 端、B 端固定。

【解析】上海市师大附中2018届高三上学期期中考试物理试题

2017-2018学年上海师大附中高三（上）期中物理试卷一.单项选择题（每题4分）1. 下列说法中正确的是（）A. 伽利略猜想自由落体的运动速度与下落时间成正比，并直接用实验进行了验证B. 牛顿第一定律、牛顿第二定律都可以通实验来验证C. 单位m、kg、s是一组属于国际单位制的基本单位D. 用比值法定义的物理概念在物理学中占有相当的比例，例如加速度就是采用比值定义法【答案】C【解析】伽利略猜想自由落体的运动速度与下落时间成正比，但是并没有通过实验直接验证，选项A错误；牛顿第一定律不可以通过实验直接验证，选项B错误；在国际单位制中，m、kg、s是力学中的三个基本单位，选项C正确；用比值法定义的物理概念在物理学中占有相当比例，例如加速度就是采用了比值定义法，选项D错误；综上本题选C.2. 关于曲线运动，下列说法中正确的是（）A. 曲线运动不一定是变速运动B. 做曲线运动物体的速度方向保持不变C. 物体受到变力作用时就做曲线运动D. 做曲线运动的物体受到的合外力可能是恒力【答案】D............考点：曲线运动。

3. 如图所示，分解一个水平向右的力F，F=6N，已知一个分力F1=4N和另一个分力F2与F的夹角为30°，以下说法正确的是（）A. 只有唯一解B. 一定有两组解C. 可能有无数解D. 可能有两组解【答案】B【解析】试题分析：根据平行四边形定则或者三角形定则作图分析：若F1＜Fsin30°，无解；若F1=Fsin30°，唯一解；若F＞F1＞Fsin30°，两解；若F1＞F，唯一解．解：已知合力、一个分力的方向、另一个分力的大小，根据平行四边形定则作图，如图所示：由于F＞F1＞Fsin30°，即6N＞F1＞3N，故一定有两组解；故选：B．【点评】本题关键是根据平行四边形定则作图分析，知道合力与分力是等效替代关系；要注意题目中的数量关系：．4. “神舟十一号”发射升空后，飞行了43小时53分钟，绕地球运行27圈，与天宫二号完成自动交会对接，这标志着我国航天事业又迈上了一个新台阶．假定正常运行的“神舟十一号”飞船和通信卫星（同步卫星）做的都是匀速圆周运动，下列说法正确的是（）A. 飞船的线速度比通信卫星的线速度小B. 飞船的角速度比通信卫星的角速度小C. 飞船的运行周期比通信卫星的运行周期大D. 飞船的向心加速度比通信卫星向心加速度大【答案】D【解析】根据题意可知神州十一号的运行周期小于24小时，即小于通讯卫星的周期，所以飞船的角速度大于通讯卫星的角速度，选项BC错误；由开普勒第三定律可知，神州十一号的运行半径小于通信卫星，再根据可知，飞船的线速度大于通讯卫星的线速度，选项A错误；再根据可知，飞船的向心加速度大于通讯卫星的向心加速度，选项D正确，综上本题选D.5. 如图所示，AO、BO、CO是完全相同的绳子，并将钢梁水平吊起，若钢梁足够重时，绳子AO先断，则（）A. θ=120°B. θ＞120°C. θ＜120°D. 不论θ为何值，AO总是先断【答案】C【解析】试题分析：以结点O为研究对象，分析受力，作出力图，由平衡条件得出AO绳与BO 绳（C0绳）的拉力关系，由数学知识分析θ的范围．解：以结点O为研究对象，分析受力，作出力图如图．根据对称性可知，BO绳与CO绳拉力大小相等．由平衡条件得：F AO=2F BO cos当钢梁足够重时，AO绳先断，说明F AO＞F BO，则得到，2F BO cos＞F BO，解得，θ＜120°故选：C．【点评】本题是简单的力平衡问题．对于悬绳问题，一般以结点为研究对象，分析受力是解题的关键．6. 在“研究两个共点力的合成”的实验中，有同学各自画了以下的力图，图中 F1、F2是用两把弹簧秤同时拉橡皮筋时各自的拉力，F′是用一把弹簧秤拉橡皮筋时的拉力；画出了F1、F2、F′的图示，以表示F1、F2的有向线段为邻边画平行四边形，以F1、F2交点为起点的对角线用F表示，在以下四幅图中，只有一幅图是合理的，这幅图是（）A. B.C. D.【答案】C【解析】试题分析：力的合成遵循平行四边形定则，理论值是根据平行四边形定则作出的，实际值是用一根弹簧量出来的，故实际值一定与橡皮筋伸长方向共线．解：解：以表示F1、F2的有向线段为邻边画平行四边形，以F1、F2交点为起点的对角线用F表示，故F是理论值，存在误差，不一定与橡皮筋伸长方向共线．F′是用一把弹簧秤拉橡皮筋时的拉力，是实际值，一定与橡皮筋伸长方向共线．故ABD错误，C正确；故选：C．【点评】本题关键明确验证力的平行四边形定则中理论值可能有偏差，而实际值偏差小，一定与F3共线．7. 如图光滑的四分之一圆弧轨道AB固定在竖直平面内，A端与水平面相切，穿在轨道上的小球在拉力F作用下，缓慢地由A向B运动，F始终沿轨道的切线方向，轨道对球的弹力为N．在运动过程中（）A. F增大，N减小B. F减小，N减小C. F增大，N增大D. F减小，N增大【答案】A【解析】对球受力分析，受重力、支持力和拉力，如图，根据共点力平衡条件，有N=mgcosθ F=mgsinθ其中θ为支持力N与竖直方向的夹角；当物体向上移动时，θ变大，故N变小，F变大；故A正确，BCD错误．故选A．注：此题答案应该是A.视频8. 如图所示，细线的一端固定于O点，另一端系一小球．在水平拉力作用下，小球以恒定速率在竖直平面内由A点运动到B点．在此过程中拉力的瞬时功率变化情况（）A. 逐渐增大B. 逐渐减小C. 先增大，后减小D. 先减小，后增大【答案】A【解析】因为小球是以恒定速率运动，即它是做匀速圆周运动，那么小球受到的重力G、水平拉力F、绳子拉力T三者的合力必是沿绳子指向O点．设绳子与竖直方向夹角是θ，则=tanθ（F与G的合力必与绳子拉力在同一直线上）得F=Gtanθ二、多选选择题（2&215;4=8分）9. 一质点做匀速圆周运动，其线速度大小为4m/s，转动周期为2s，则（）A. 角速度为0.5rad/sB. 转速为0.5r/sC. 轨迹半径为mD. 加速度大小为4πm/s2【答案】BCD【解析】试题分析：由，A错；转速，B对；轨道半径：，C对；加速度大小为：，D对。

2024学年上海市上海中学物理高三第一学期期中质量检测试题含解析

2024学年上海市上海中学物理高三第一学期期中质量检测试题注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2．答题时请按要求用笔。

3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5．保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1、如图所示是物体在某段运动过程中的v﹣t图象，在t1和t2时刻的瞬时速度分别为v1和v2，则时间由t1到t2的过程中（）A．速度不断增大B．加速度不断增大C．位移不断增大D．平均速度2、如图所示，直线a和曲线b分别代表在平直公路上行驶的汽车甲和乙的位移—时间图像，则由图像可知A．在t l时刻，乙车追上甲车B．甲车做匀变速直线运动，乙车做变加速直线运动C．从t l到t2这段时间内，乙车的速率先减小后增大，方向保持不变D．从t l时刻之后(不包含t l时刻)到t2时刻这段时间内，甲、乙两车相遇两次3、如图所示，一直角三角形处于平行于纸面的匀强电场中，∠A=91°，∠B=31°，ACϕϕ>，B点的电势为2ϕ，C点的电势为1．一带电的长为L，已知A点的电势为(0)粒子从C点以0v的速度出发，方向如图所示(与AC边成61°)．不计粒子的重力，下列说法正确的是A．电场强度的方向由B指向CB．电场强度的大小为3 3L ϕC．若粒子能击中图中的A点，则该粒子的比荷为20 6v ϕD．只要粒子的速度大小合适，就可能击中图中的B点4、如图是滑雪场的一条雪道．质量为70kg的某滑雪运动员静止由A 点沿圆弧轨道滑下，在B点以53m/s 的速度水平飞出，落到了倾斜轨道上的C点(图中未画出)．不计空气阻力，θ＝30°，g 取10 m/s2，则下列判断正确的是( )A．落到C点时重力的瞬时功率为35007WB．BC 两点间的落差为53mC．该滑雪运动员腾空的时间为1sD．若该滑雪运动员从更高处滑下，落到倾斜轨道上时落点在C下方与轨道夹角增大5、小明希望检验这样一个猜想：从斜面滑下的小车，装载物体的质量越大，到达斜面底部的速度越快．图示为两种不同直径车轮（颜色不同），装有不同木块（每个木块的质量相同）从不同高度释放的小车．你认为小明应该选用哪3种情况进行比较（）A．G O R B．G S W C．S T U D．S W X6、如图所示，物体A 静止在光滑的水平面上，A 的左边固定有轻质弹簧，与A 质量相等的物体B 以速度v 向A 运动并与弹簧发生碰撞，A 、B 始终沿同一直线运动，则A 、B组成的系统动能变化最大的时刻是A ．A 开始运动时B ．A 和B 的速度相等时C ．B 的速度等于零时D ．A 的速度等于v 时二、多项选择题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

上海省市金山中学2018届高三上学期期中考试物理---精校解析Word版

金山中学2017学年度第一学期高三年级物理学科期中考试卷一、选择题（共40分。

第1-8小题，每小题3分，第9-12小题，每小题4分。

每小题只有一个正确答案。

）1. 下列哪一句话可从牛顿第一定律演绎得出（）A. 质量是物体惯性的量度B. 物体的运动需要力来维持C. 质量一定的物体加速度与合外力成正比D. 物体有保持原有运动状态的特性【答案】D【解析】一切物体在不受外力时，总保持静止状态或匀速直线运动状态。

静止状态或匀速直线运动状态是指原来静止的将保持静止状态，原来运动的将保持匀速直线运动状态。

故选D。

2. 教科书中这样表述牛顿第一定律：一切物体总保持匀速直线运动状态或静止状态，直到有外力迫使它改变这种状态为止。

其中“改变这种状态”指的是改变物体的（）A. 加速度B. 速度C. 位置D. 受力【答案】B【解析】试题分析：“改变这种状态”指的是改变物体的速度，即运动的速度的大小和方向，只要速度的大小或方向的一个发生了改变，则物体的运动状态就发生了改变，选项B正确。

考点：牛顿第一定律。

3. 一个弹性小球，在光滑水平面上以4m/s的速度向左垂直撞到墙上，碰撞后小球以大小为2m/s速度向右运动。

则碰撞前后小球速度变化量的大小和方向分别为（）A. 2m/s，向右B. 2m/s，向左C. 6m/s，向右D. 6m/s，向左【答案】C【解析】规定初速度方向为正，即向左为正，速度变化量，负号表示方向向右，故C正确．4. 质量为2kg的质点仅受两个力作用，两个力的大小分别为3N和5N。

则该质点的加速度的值可能为（）A. 0.5m/s2B. 0.75m/s2C. 3.5m/s2D. 4.5 m/s2【答案】C【解析】3N和5N的合力范围为：2N≤F≤8N，故加速度的最大值为：a max=m/s2＝4m/s2，加速度的最小值为：a min=m/s2＝1m/s2，故C正确，ABD错误。

故选C。

5. 如图所示为A、B两物体做匀速圆周运动时向心加速度a随半径r变化的图线，由图可知( )．A. A物体的线速度大小不变B. A物体的角速度不变C. B物体的线速度大小不变D. B物体的角速度与半径成正比【答案】A【解析】A图中a与r成反比，则由向心加速度公式a=可知，A物体的线速度大小不变，故A正确；A图中a与r成反比，则由向心加速度公式a=可知，A物体的线速度大小不变，由v=ωr角速度是变化的．故B错误；B图中a与r成正比，则由向心加速度公式a=ω2r可知，B物体运动的角速度保持不变，由v=ωr线速度是变化的．故C错误；B图中a与r成正比，则由向心加速度公式a=ω2r可知，B物体运动的角速度保持不变，故D错误．故选A.6. 如图所示，a、b两细绳一端系着质量为m的小球，另一端系在竖直放置的圆环上，开始时绳b水平。

2018年上海市东格致中学高三物理期末试卷含解析

2018年上海市东格致中学高三物理期末试卷含解析一、选择题：本题共5小题，每小题3分，共计15分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意1. 如右图所示，图形凹槽半径R=30cm，质量m=1kg的小物块在沿半径方向的轻弹簧挤压下处于静止状态。

已知弹簧的劲度系数k=50N/m，自由长度L=40cm，一端固定在圆心O处，弹簧与竖直方向的夹角为37°。

取g=10m/s2，sin37°=0.6，cos37°=0.8。

则（）A．物块对槽的压力大小是15NB．物块对槽的压力大小是13NC．槽对物块的摩擦力大小是6ND．槽对物块的摩擦力大小是8N参考答案：BC由受力分析可知物体退槽的压力，槽对物块的摩擦力。

2. 足球运动员将一只沿水平方向飞来的足球反向踢回的过程中，若足球动量变化量的大小为10kg·m/s，则（）A．足球的动量一定减小 B．足球的动量一定增大C．足球的动量大小可能不变 D．足球的动量大小一定变化参考答案：C3. 根据热力学规律和分子动理论判断下列说法，其中正确的是A．一定质量的气体压缩时，气体一定放出热量B．分子间的距离增大时，分子之间的斥力和引力均减小C．理想气体在等温变化时，内能不变，因而与外界不发生热量交换D．热量能够从高温物体传到低温物体，但不可能从低温物体传到高温物体参考答案：答案:B4. 如图是某质点的运动图象，由图象可以得出的正确结论是（）A．0-1 s内加速度是2m／s2B．0-4 s内的位移大小是3mC．0-4 s内平均速度是2m／sD． O-l s内的速度方向与2-4 s内速度方向相反参考答案：A5. （多选题）如图所示，磁场中固定一个电荷量为Q的正点电荷，一个电荷量为q，质量为m的带电粒子（重力不计）以正点电荷为圆心在匀强磁场中做匀速圆周运动，测得以不同的绕行方向绕正电荷做半径为r的圆周运动时，周期之比为2：1，已知静电力常量为k，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．粒子可能带正电，以不同的绕行方向做圆周运动时所受洛伦兹力大小相等B．粒子一定带负电，且沿逆时针方向旋转时的线速度是沿顺时针方向时的C．粒子顺时针旋转时，向心加速度大小为D．粒子逆时针旋转时，向心加速度大小为参考答案：BC【考点】带电粒子在匀强磁场中的运动；洛仑兹力．【分析】根据带电粒子受到的洛伦兹力方向进行分析，再根据向心力公式明确粒子可能的运动情况；再结合二者之间的关系由向心力公式列式，联立即可求得加速度．【解答】解：A、若粒子带正电，则受到的电场力一定向外，则当顺时针转动时，合力向外，粒子不可能做圆周运动，故A错误；B、根据A的分析可知，粒子一定带负电；根据v=可知，线速度之比为1：2；由于逆时针转动时，向心力较小，故线速度较小，因此沿逆时针方向旋转时的线速度是沿顺时针方向时的；故B正确；C、顺时针转动时，洛伦兹力向里，则有：F库+Bqv1=ma1；而逆时针转动时，洛伦兹力向外，F库﹣Bqv2=ma2；由于v1=2v2；a1=4a2；则有：联立解得：a2=；a1=；故C正确，D错误；故选：BC．二、填空题：本题共8小题，每小题2分，共计16分6. 为“验证牛顿第二定律”，某同学设计了如下实验方案：A．实验装置如图甲所示，一端系在滑块上的轻质细绳通过转轴光滑的轻质滑轮，另一端挂一质量为m＝0.5 kg的钩码，用垫块将长木板的有定滑轮的一端垫起．调整长木板的倾角，直至轻推滑块后，滑块沿长木板向下做匀速直线运动；B．保持长木板的倾角不变，取下细绳和钩码，接好纸带，接通打点计时器的电源，然后让滑块沿长木板滑下，打点计时器打下的纸带如图乙所示．请回答下列问题：(1)图乙中纸带的哪端与滑块相连_______________________________________________________________________．(2)图乙中相邻两个计数点之间还有4个打点未画出，打点计时器接频率为50 Hz的交流电源，根据图乙求出滑块的加速度a＝________m/s2.(3)不计纸带与打点计时器间的阻力，滑块的质量M＝________kg.(g取9.8 m/s2)参考答案：(1)取下细绳和钩码后，滑块加速下滑，随着速度的增加点间距离逐渐加大，故纸带的右端与滑块相连．(2)由Δx＝aT2，得a＝＝ m/s2＝1.65 m/s2.(3)匀速下滑时滑块所受合外力为零，撤去钩码滑块所受合外力等于mg，由mg＝Ma得M＝2.97 kg.7. 水平放置的平行板电容器，其上板开有一个小孔，一质量为m，电量为q的带正电液滴，自空中自由下落，由小孔进入匀强电场，设两板电势差为U，距离为d，要使液滴在板间下落的高度为，则液滴在板外自由下落的高度h= 。

2018年上海市格致中学高中高三上学期期初中中考试英语试卷试题

格致中学二〇一七学年度第一学期期中考试高三年级英语试卷（共10 页）( 测试 120 分钟内完成，总分150 分，试后交答题卷 )I.Listening Comprehension(30%) Section AShort ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear aconversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,1.A. Sorry. B. Annoyed. C. Excited. D. Puzzled.and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.2.A. An B. A surgeon. C. An artist. D. Aaccountant.B. 3200 yuan.scientist.D. 36003.A. 2000 yuan. C. 1200 yuan.4.A. On a plane.yuan.B. In a physical medical roomC. In a boat.D. In a school rest room.5.A. A job. B. An article. C. A book. D. An6.A. Twins. B. Classmates.author.D. Cousins.C. Friends.7. A. Give his ankle a good rest. B. Treat his injury immediately.C. Continue his regular exercises.D. Be careful when climbing steps.8. A. Go on a diving tour in Europe. B. Add 300dollars to his budget.C. Travel overseas on his own.9.case they should be late.D. Join a package tour to Mexico.A. In case some problems should occur.B. InC. To avoid more work later on.D. To make better preparations.10. A. The rock band needs more hours of practice.B.The rock band is going to play here for a month.C.Their hard work has resulted in a big success.D. He appreciates the woman’s help with the band.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s)and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s).The conversation(s)and the passage(s) will be read twice, butthe questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Its strong education system. B. Itspopulation.C. Its growing tourism industry.D. Its bilingual signs.12. A. All citizens receive quality English teaching.B.More money should be spent on teacher training.C.An English-speaking environment should be built.D.Tourism industry should be promoted.13. A. The foreign investment will increase.B.It will bring the economic and social benefits.C.The education system will be strengthened.D. It will improve Singapore’s ranking in English level.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. He shopped for groceries.B. He took care of his sick parent.C. He cared for his younger brother.D.He made important family decisions.15. A. It may help children grow up quickly.B.It may force children to sacrifice their childhoods.C. It will turn children’s responsibility into a delight.D. It will make children more isolated and confused.16. A. Children getting satisfaction from helping others.B. Children taking on adult responsibility.C. Frustration and stress caused to children by parents.D. The environment for children’s better growth.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Tour guide. B. Journalist. C. Editor. D. Typist.18. A. Some newly discovered scenic spots.D.The beautiful Amazon rain forest.19.A. In news weeklies.B. In newspapers ’ Sunday editions.C.In a local evening paper.D.In overseas editions of U. S. magazines.20.A. To become a professional writer.B.To get her life story published soon.C.To be employed by a newspaper.D.To sell her articles to a news service.II.Grammarand Vocabulary (共20分每题1分)Section ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passagescoherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank."How should a Nobel laureate dress" asked Kazuo Ishiguro, who, 40 minutes earlier, had found out he21 (award) the Nobel Prize for Literature.To say the news was unexpected is an understatement. He literally couldn'tbelieve it.22that was, his phone began to ring constantly, an orderly queue of TV crews started to form outsidehis front door ("how do they all know where I live"), and his publishers dispatched atop team to his house as back-up.This was not fake news. This was delightful, surprising news. Maybethere were others who23(win) instead, he wondered. "But that is the nature of prizes. They are alottery."24chaos reigned around him, he was calm, assured and thoughtful,25 (talk) (after nipping upstairs to fetch a smart jacket for our interview) abouthis belief in the power of stories and26those that he wrote would often explore wasted lives and opportunities."I've always had 27faith that it should be possible, if you tell storiesin a certain way, to transcend barriers of race, class and ethnicity."For me, he is one of the great living writers working in any language. Allwriters can tell stories.Ishiguro tells stories on28 level.He places the reader in some sort of alternative reality - which might be the future,it might be the present, it might be the past. They feel like places that are whole andreal, 29you don't know them.They're weird and not necessarily happy places. But they're places that you caninhabit and relate to,and you become deeply involved with the characters. That'sthe writer's job --- he just does it30 (good) than mostSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word canonly be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. B. C. D. E.assessment withdraw actual issues concreteF.G. fully-H.I.migrations committed irregular implementedJ.K.irreversib initiativeNow, let me say a few words to our American friends. Climate change is one of themajor31of our time. It is already changing our daily lives but it is global.Everyone is impacted. And if we do nothing, our children will know a world of _32 ,of wars, of shortage. A dangerous world. It is not the future we want for ourselves.It is not the future we want for our children. It is not the future we want for ourworld.Today, the President of the United States, Donald Trump, announced his decisionto33the United States from the Paris Agreement. I do respect his decision, but I do thinkit is an34 mistake both for the US and for our planet.I just said it to President Trump, in a few words a few minutes ago this. Tonight, I wishtell the United States: France believes in you. The world believes in you. I know thatyou are a great nation. I know your history, our common history.To all the scientists,engineers,entrepreneurs,and responsible citizens were disappointed by the decision of the president of the United States, I want to say 35towhothey will find in France a second homeland. I call onus, to work together on 36 solutions for our them —climate,comeourand work hereenvironment.withI canassure you: France will not give up the fight.I reaffirm clearly that Paris agreement will remainand will be3837not justbyFrance,but by all the other nations.Over the coming hours,I willopportunity to speak with our main partners to define a common strategy and to launchnew39. I already know that I can count on themI call on you to remain confidence. We will succeed, because we are40because wherever we live, whoever we are, we all share the same responsibility to makeour planet great again.have ,theIII.ReadingComprehension Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent moremoney on its pets than on its children. Although this is a rather shocking statistics,it should not41anyone who has seen thebeautiful doggy bedroom or the quiet shady groves where loved pets rest.It is possible that Americans are unique in treating their little friends in this way, butthe information we have suggests that the English,too, are42to their pets.This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain morevitamins than human food or,at least, are43 less nutritious.They certainly cost st year the British public spent twohundred million pounds on pet food alone,44veterinary (兽医的 ) bills oranimal furniture. It is difficultnot to feel45with this when one considers what the same amount could do forvictims of starvation andpoverty, so it is46for me to get hot under the collar when I read an oldman left all his money to hisdog home.There are a variety of reasons why I find the popularity of British pets 47. They cause physicalproblems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting ridof the mess that dogs leave on the streets.Many people find this funny,but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It isthe threat of rabies---a disease with no known cure---that has made the English government impose strict48on animals coming into the United Kingdom. Whenthe Spanishgovernment recently49 a number of homeless dogs as protection against thesame threat, English touristimmediately wrote letters to the newspapers50about mass murder.Another problem is the51of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat,and theycontinually pester their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when thesweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonzo". Then they just52it. This brings meto my last point. Pets, which run free, are often not53at all.English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone's pet and you must have read ofchildren being hurt by some pets of their own.54, I would only suggest that we have got our55wrong and thatsomething should be doneabout it.41. A. alert B. surprise C. disappoint D. interest42. A. hostile B. polite C. subject D. available43. A. seldom B. far C. frequently D. totally44. A. in spite of B. regardless of C. not to mention D. rather45. A. delighted B. patient C. concerned than D.46. A. usual B. natural C. ridiculous unsatisfied D. essential47. A. inevitable B. understandable C. unacceptable D. common48. A. orders B. punishments C. treatments D.49. A. cured B. destroyed C. enclosed restrictions D. drove50. A. inquiring B. caring C. worrying D.51. A. B. hesitation C. expectation complaining D. kindness52.thoughtlessnessB. scoldC. desertD. bind A. isolate53. A. funny B. sweet C. precious D. loving54. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Meanwhile55. A. mind B. behavior C. love D. prioritySection BDirections :Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,passage you have just read.ADaniel Anderson, a famous psychologist,believes it ’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, hesays, for problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images. Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what theysee.Actually,children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TVwith them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational programas a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching televisionis not related to reading doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to theradio and playing sports. Things like parent ’s educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading.“A child’s reading ability is best predicted by howmuch a parent reads, ” Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ scoresand affects school performance.But here,too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it.In fact,research suggests that it’s the other way around.“If you’re smart young,you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,” Anderson says. Yet, people oflower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.However,by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effectsas conventionally believed,Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.56. Which of the following is most related to children’s reading abilityA. Radio-listening.B. Television-watching.C. Parents ’ reading list.D. Parents ’ educational57. Anderson believes that.background.A.the more a child watches TV, the smarter he isB.the younger a child is, the more he watches TVC.the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TVD.the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school58.What is the main purpose of the passageA.To advise on the educational use of TV.B. To describe TV’s harmful effects on children.C. To explain traditional views on TV influences.D. To present Anderson ’s unconventional ideas.BA hospital has been forced to ban Pokemon Go players from the site after a monster hub(妖怪枢纽站)was found in the A&E department.Royal Stoke University Hospital discovered that its casualty unit (急诊室) is on the same spot as a Pokemon Go‘gym’—— where players can train their newly caught Nintendo creatures.The University Hospitals of North Midlands Trust agreed last week that patients can play Pokemon Go on wards because walking around is healthy. But the Trust has beenforced to post a warning on its website about public access to A&E. It said if PokemonGo becomes a major annoyance it would ask Nintendo——which decides on the locationsof the virtual gyms according using GPS—— to have it removed from the premises (道馆 ).Kevin Parker, associate chief nurse, said,“Members of the public who do not needto be at Royal Stoke should not attempt to enter A&E or any other part of the hospital building to play the game. The A&E department is incredibly busy this summer. We want the public to understand that anybody who visits the hospital solelyto play the game will provide an unwanted distraction to the important work of the hospital.I ’m also aware of various reports in the media of unsafe areas that the game has been played in. ”“Royal Stoke University Hospital is a safe area where gamers can enjoy PokemonGo.” Michelle Harris, those already in hospital.the Trust ’s manager, said the game could still be played “Werecognize that the Pokemon Go game encourages walkingbyand exercise,which is something that the Trust is equally keen to promote, ”she said.There are a number of“walking routes”be used to combine walking and playing times a week, can help reduce the risk diabetes, and heart disease. ”etheofstablished throughout the Trust that cangame.“Walking just30 minutes,fivepreventable illnesses such as obesity,There have been several warnings about the game since its UK release. Last week agroup of teenagers in Wiltshire were left stranded almost 100ft underground after theygot carried away searching for Pokemon Go characters. The four boys, aged 16 and 17,ended up getting lost and had to wait to get a phone signal before they could callfor help.Eventually,they contacted Dorset and Wiltshire Fire and Rescue team, who took them to safety.Damien Bence,of the fire and rescue team, said: “Pokemon Gois obviously leading people into dangerous situations.”59. I t seems that Pokemon Go is a game.A.designed to help patients in hospital recover soonerB.helping cure such diseases as obesity, diabetes and heart diseaseC.encouraging players to walk and exercise instead of staying indoorsD.warning teenagers of the places easy to get lost or attacked60.The A&E department is incredibly busy because .A. more patients’ arrival increases the workload of the A&E departmentB. doctors ’ playing the game makes the A&E department less efficientC. players ’ injury inc reases the workload of the A&E departmentD. players ’ arrival disturbs the work of the A&E department61.The underlined word in the last paragraph probably means .A. hurtB. disturbedC. trappedD. threatened62.The passage is mainly about.A.the negative effects of Pokemon Go since its UK releaseB.the applications of Pokemon Go in hospitals since its UK releaseC.the popularity of Pokemon Go since its UK releaseD.the establishment of Pokemon Go virtual gyms since its UK release(C)While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to beway ahead in at least one undesirable category.“Womenare particularly susceptibleto developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,”according to Dr.Yehuda,chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran ’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect thestress response,causing females under stress to produce more of the triggerchemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, whenstressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs)removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased“opportunities”for stress.“It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well.It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,”says Dr.Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s, ” she observes,“it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they becomeworn out from it more visibly and sooner. ”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes.“I think that the kinds ofthings that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature.Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress.Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposedto tend to be in domestic situations,by,unfortunately,parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finishcollege.“I struggled a lot to get the college degree.I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.”Later,her marriage ended and she became a single mother.“It’s the hardest thingto take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay thedebt.I lived frompaycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations,with few breaks,and fee ling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding waysto diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.63.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphsA)Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.B)Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.C)Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.D)Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.64. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be.A) domestic and temporary.B) irregular and violent.C) durable and frequent.D) trivial and random.65. The sentence“I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”shows that.A) Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.B) Alvarez’s salary bare ly covered her household expenses.C)Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.D)Alvarez paid practically everything by check.66.Which of the following would be the best title for the textA)Strain of Stress: No Way OutB)Responses to Stress: Gender DifferenceC)Stress Analysis: What Chemicals SayD)Gender Inequality: Women Under StressSection CDirections : In the following passage, some sentences have been removed. Choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are twoextra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.A． This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunitywhen it presents itself.B． People find jobs in an infinite number of ways.C．it’s almost impossible to find a good job by answeringadvertisement in newspaperswanted to be a sailor.D． Take for example the young man whoE． It is very important to seize an opportunity when it presents itself.F． He spent the rest of his life happily sailing the ships he had alwaysChoosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have tomake in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. Oneloved.important question that you might ask yourself is:“How do I 67.There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in at the right time.68 . He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall getthea goodrightjob ”placeships,but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them.Hisfather was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. Oneday, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complainingthat he could think, the lad(not sail少年 )because one member of his crew was sick.Without stopping tooffered to take his place.69.70 . If the lad had gone home to ponder mayhave missed his（考虑） his decision for a week, hechance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take itand use it well.Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs (美差). When you go for a job interview or fill out an application,you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying. Butthere was one person who landed an excellent job by telling the interviewer all the company’s faults.And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.IV. Summary Writing (15分)Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 70 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, thereis nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was,thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So didthe king of England in began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe livedwith dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attackof disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the18th century.Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea:clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has thehate for dirt, however, gone too farAttitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist, encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And thelatter position is gaining some ground.(302 words)第 II卷V. TranslationDirections : Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given inthe brackets.71.你是不是就在这家新开的饭店里看见疑犯推行犯罪(it)72.学外语时没有必要不懂装懂，否则你总有一天会后悔的。

2019—2020学年度上海格致中学第一学期高三年级期中考试高中物理

2019—2020学年度上海格致中学第一学期高三年级期中考试高中物理物理试题〔测试120分钟内完成，总分150分，试后交答卷纸〕〔本试卷g=10m/s2〕一、单项选择题〔每题4分，共20分〕1．甲、乙两辆汽车沿同一平直路面行驶，它们由同一位置动身后的v t 图象如下图，以下讲法正确的选项是t时刻A．甲比乙晚动身t时刻乙追上甲B．1t时刻乙在甲前面C．2v tD．乙追上甲前两车最远距离一定大于102．将质量相同的同种气体A、B分不密封在体积不同的两容器中，保持两部分气体体积不变，A、B两部分气体的压强随温度t的变化曲线如下图。

那么以下讲法错误的选项是A．A部分气体的体积比B部分小。

B．A、B直线的延长线将相交于t轴上的同一点。

C．A、B气体温度改变量相同时，压强改变量相同。

D．A、B气体温度改变量相同时，A部分气体压强改变量较大。

3．如下图，a为放在赤道上的物体；b为沿地球表面邻近做匀速圆周运动的人造卫星；c为地球同步卫星。

以下关于a 、b 、c 的讲法中正确的选项是A ．a 、b 、c 作匀速圆周运动的向心加速度大小关系为c b a a a a >>B ．a 、b 、c 作匀速圆周运动的向心加速度大小关系为a b c a a a >>C ．a 、b 、c 作匀速圆周运动的线速度大小关系为c b a v v v >=D ．a 、b 、c 作匀速圆周运动的周期关系为a c b T T T =>4．汶川大地震后，为解决灾区群众的生活咨询题，党和国家派出大量直升飞机空投救灾物资。

有一直升机悬停在空中向地面投放装有物资的箱子，如下图，设投放初速度为零，箱子所受的空气阻力与箱子下落速度的平方成正比，且运动过程中箱子始终保持图示姿势，在箱子下落过程中，以下讲法正确的选项是A ．箱内物体对箱子底部始终没有压力B ．箱子刚从飞机上投下时，箱内物体受到的支持力最大C ．箱子接近地面时，箱内物体受到的支持力比刚投下时大D ．假设下落距离足够长，箱内物体有可能不受底部支持力而〝飘起来〞5．如下图，水平抛出的物体，抵达斜面上端P 处，其速度方向恰好沿着斜面方向，然后紧贴斜面无摩擦滑下，以下图像物体沿x 方向和y 方向运动的速度——时刻图像，其中正确的选项是二、多项选择题〔每题5分，共20分〕6．半圆柱体P 放在粗糙的水平地面上，其右端有固定放置的竖直挡板MN ，在P 和MN 之间放有一个光滑平均的小圆柱体Q，整个装置处于静止，如下图，假设用外力使MN 保持竖直，缓慢地向右移动，在Q到达地面往常，P始终保持静止。

上海高三高中物理期中考试带答案解析

上海高三高中物理期中考试班级:___________ 姓名：___________ 分数：___________一、选择题1.如图所示，一个闭合导体圆环固定在水平桌面上，一根条形磁铁沿圆环的轴线运动，使圆环内产生了感应电流．下列四幅图中，产生的感应电流方向与条形磁铁的运动情况相吻合的是（）A．B．C．D．2.月球的存在对地球的潮汐现象产生影响，若地球和月球的关系如图所示时，高潮的位置是（）A．仅A处B．仅B处C．A和B处D．C和D处3.关于天然放射线性质的说法正确的是（）A．γ射线就是中子流B．α射线有较强的穿透性C．β射线是高速电子流D．电离本领最强的是γ射线4.关于电磁波，下列说法正确的是（）A．电磁波在真空中的传播速度与电磁波的频率有关B．周期性变化的电场和磁场可以相互激发，形成电磁波C．电磁波在传播过程中可以发生干涉、衍射，但不能发生反射和折射D．利用电磁波传递信号可以实现无线通信，但电磁波不能通过电缆、光缆传输5.在“用油膜法估测分子的大小”实验中，用a ml纯油酸配制成b ml的油酸酒精溶液，现已测得一滴溶液c ml，将一滴溶液滴入水中，油膜充分展开后面积为S cm2，估算油酸分子的直径大小为（）A．B．C．D．6.为了尽量减少地磁场对实验现象的影响，在做奥斯特实验时（）A．必须在地球赤道上进行B．通电直导线应该沿南北方向水平放置C．通电直导线应该沿东西方向水平放置D．通电直导线必须竖直放置7.质点以加速度a 做匀变速直线运动，经过一段时间t ，质点的速度为v t ，速度的改变量为Δv ，则（） A ．a 越大v t 也越大 B ．a 越大Δv 可能越小 C ．a 与Δv 方向一定相同 D ．a 与Δv 方向一定相反8.如图所示为一列沿x 轴负方向传播的简谐横波在t ＝0时的波形图。

经过时间t 1，Q 点振动状态传到P 点，则t 1时刻（）A ．Q 点正在波谷位置，速度沿y 轴的正方向B ．Q 点加速度沿y 轴的正方向C ．P 点正在平衡位置且向y 轴的负方向运动D ．位于1cm ＜x ＜3cm 内的所有质点正在向y 轴的负方向运动9.如图所示，质量为m 的带电滑块，沿绝缘斜面匀速下滑。

2017-2018学年上海市黄浦区格致中学高一上学期期中物理试卷

2017-2018学年上海市黄浦区格致中学高一上学期期中物理试卷一、单选题1. 关于质点，下列说法中正确的是（）A. 质点就是几何点B. 质点就是质量很小的点C. 质点就是体积很小的点D. 质点就是用来代替物体的有质量的点【答案】D【分析】质点的定义是用来代替物体的有质量的点，如果在研究的问题中，物体的形状、大小及物体上各部分运动的差异是次要或不起作用的因素，就可以把物体看做一个质点。

质点是一个理想化模型，实际上并不存在，所以A、B、C错误，D正确。

2. 关于物体运动的速度和加速度的关系，下列说法正确的是（）A. 加速度就是增加的速度B. 速度越大，加速度也越大C. 速度变化越快，加速度一定越大D. 加速度的方向保持不变，速度方向也一定保持不变【答案】C【分析】加速度大小等于单位时间内速度的变化量，不是增加的速度，所以A错误，C正确；速度很大的物体做匀速直线运动，加速度为0，所以B错误；平抛运动，加速度方向保持不变，速度方向时刻改变，所以D错误。

3. 下列说法中，正确的是（）A. 有受力物体，就必定有施力物体B. 力只能产生在相互接触的物体之间C. 施力物体施力在先，受力物体受力在后D. 力是一个物体就能产生的，而并不需要其他物体的存在【答案】A【分析】力是物体对物体的作用，一个力必然涉及两个物体：一个受力物体，一个施力物体，所以A正确，D错误；两块磁铁之间没有接触也会产生力，所以B错误；力的作用是相互的，物体受力的同时也对施力物体产生力的作用，所以C错误。

4. 下列公式中能反映匀变速直线运动速度与位移关系的是（）A. v t2=v02+2axB. v t=v0+atC. x=v0t+1/2at2D. v=x/t 【答案】A【分析】匀变速直线运动的速度位移关系为v t 2-v02=2ax，所以A正确，B、C、D错误。

5. 关于重力，下列说法正确的是（）A. 球体的重心一定在球心上B. 物体上只有重心处才受到重力作用C. 物体向上抛出时受到的重力小于它静止时受到的重力D. 同一物体在同一地点，无论运动状态如何，其所受重为都一样大【答案】D【分析】重心不仅与物体的形状有关，还与质量分布有关，所以球体的重心不一定在球心上，所以A错误；物体上各处都受到重力，所以B错误；物体的重力与物体的运动状态无关，所以C错误；G=mg，所以D正确。

上海市格致中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中物理试题

（4）由图可知弹簧的劲度系数为________N/m：通过图和表可知砝码盘的质量为________g（结果均保留两位有效数字，g取。
四、解答题
19．某幼儿园要在空地上做一个滑梯，根据空地的大小，滑梯的水平跨度确定为6m。设计时，滑板和儿童裤料之间的动摩擦因数取0.4。设计人员将滑梯高度设定为2.5m。设计人员这样设计是否合理？请建立模型并通过计算说明理由。
（1）汽车过ETC通道时，从开始减速到恢复正常行驶的过程中的位移大小
（2）汽车通过人工收费通道时，从开始减速到恢复正常行驶的时间
（3）某位同学为计算汽车通过ETC通道比通过人工收费通道节约的时间，将第二问的结果与汽车过ETC通道时从开始减速到恢复正常行驶的时间作差得出结果。请判断该方法是否正确？若正确，请计算该节约的时间：若不正确，分析并说明理由（不需要计算出节约的时间）。
D．小鸟把树枝抓得越紧，但它所受的摩擦力不变
5．一根质量分布未知的棒静置于光滑的半圆形碗内。棒受到三个力的作用，以下所画棒受到的重力与弹力的示意图正确的是（）
A． B．
C． D．
6．下框流程图展示了伽利略在对自由落体运动的研究过程中运用的科学研究方法，其中方框1和2中的方法和对应内容均正确的是（）
A．通过的路程为115mB．平均速率为13m/s
C．平均速度为5m/s，方向竖直向上D．平均速度为2m/s，方向竖直向下
二、填空题
13．在“测量做直线运动物体的瞬时速度”的实验中，每次实验均要求小车________释放，其理由是保证小车________，从而比较不同宽度挡光片测得的平均速度的差别。
14．如图（a），一个小球在固定的轨道AB上往复运动，其位移-时间图像如图（b）所示。则小球在时的瞬时速度为__________ ，到内的平均速度为__________ 。