Raymond Carver - Cathedral

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历史_自我与叙事形式_论雷蒙_卡佛短篇小说_不确定式_结尾及其成因

历史_自我与叙事形式_论雷蒙_卡佛短篇小说_不确定式_结尾及其成因

前言结尾对短篇小说而言非常重要。

爱伦·坡(Allan Poe)以来的短篇小说理论均十分重视结尾,坡本人在谈到短篇小说的结尾与情节的关系时,认为结尾对短篇小说的“统一效果”至关重要,必须“时时将结尾放在心中,才能让事件服务于意图的发展”[1](P67)。

俄国文论家埃钦鲍姆(E -jxenbaum)在讨论欧·亨利的短篇小说时,认为“从本质上讲,短篇小说的所有力量聚积在其结尾。

就像从飞机上抛下的一枚炸弹,它必须急速下坠,以便能以最大力量击中目标”[1](P81)。

弗兰克·科尔默德(Frank Kermode)认为结尾就像基督教中的世界末日“启示”,给小说之前的那些行动赋予意义和阐释[2](P29)。

小说家R.德玛瑞尼斯(R.DeMarinis )则强调,小说的结尾“必须照亮……小说的前面部分”,他认为好的结尾应该能给人物或读者带来“顿悟时刻”[3](P40)。

所有这些论述都表明,短篇小说结尾的重要功能是让读者理解前后事件的因果关联,从而找到整个叙事的意义,洞悉作者的创作目的。

为了实现这一功能,小说的结尾必须呈现一种“明确的”状态,不能提供“多余”(excessive )的游离信息,也不能“不足”(inadequate ),而是要在文本“信息”与读者“消化理解”之间达到某种平衡[4](P91-97),否则读者将难以准确把握叙事的意义。

然而,随着现代主义和后现代主义创作手法的兴起,短篇小说的“确定性”遭受到猛烈冲击。

批评家们区分了以“事件的发生、发展和结束”为核心的传统“模仿小说”,和以“人物内心的情感、情绪或叙述语调与意象的变化”为核心的现代“抒情小说”[5](P216-221),前者的结尾多为封闭的,后者多为开放的,即“内含某个重大冲突没有得到解决”[6](P13),从而使叙事呈现出某种“不确定性”。

然而,虽然学界普遍看到,开放式的作品都有不同程度的“不确定性”,但对于不同作家的“不确定性”,乃至“不确定性”的整体诗学特征,学界却鲜有涉猎。

精神生态视域中的雷蒙德_卡佛小说_杨春梅

精神生态视域中的雷蒙德_卡佛小说_杨春梅

精神生态视域中的雷蒙德·卡佛小说杨春梅摘要:雷蒙德·卡佛是美国二十世纪下半叶的著名作家,在当代小说界极具影响力。

用短篇小说的形式,卡佛刻画了现代社会中底层小人物的痛苦人生,展现了这些小人物的精神生态。

在人类精神生态危机日益严重的今天,卡佛小说的生态文学价值得到了充分的体现。

从精神生态的视角解读雷蒙德·卡佛的小说,并揭示作品对于生态文明建设的现实指导意义,是本文写作的主旨。

二十一世纪是生态文明建设的时代。

随着地球生态危机的迅速蔓延和日益加剧,生态问题已成为现代人无法回避的话题。

几百年来工业文明的迅猛发展,一方面极大地丰富了人类的物质生活,另一方面却把他们赖以生存的地球生态系统推到了濒临崩溃的边缘。

在品尝自然生态失衡、生存环境恶化的苦果的同时,现代人惊恐地发现,生态灾难已经蔓延到了人类社会的精神领域。

与自然生态危机相比,人类的精神生态危机是一种内在的、深层的危机,其杀伤力并不亚于前者。

科技的进步和物质的丰富,给人类带来享乐的同时,也带来了生存环境的恶化和人类机体的退化;随之而来的,还有人类美好情感的消失以及精神家园的破碎。

在现代社会的虚浮表层下,许多人正饱受孤独与虚无的折磨。

在二十世纪下半叶的美国社会有这样的一个群体:他们是来自社会底层的“低级蓝领”;他们当中有推销员、修车工、清洁工、餐馆侍者、剃头匠等等;失业、破产、酗酒、家庭破裂、居无定所是他们中大多数人的共同经历,而痛苦、绝望、虚无则是他们共同的精神疾患。

雷蒙德·卡佛(Raymond Carver)就曾经是他们当中的一员———这位在奔波劳顿与精神困境中苦苦挣扎了大半辈子的蓝领作家,用最为真实的语言和独特的艺术手法,生动地再现了他所熟谙的那些小人物的故事。

用卡佛自己的话,“写这类被生活淹没了的人”———这就是卡佛小说的主要内容。

一、精神生态批评与卡佛小说雷蒙德·卡佛(1938-1988)是美国二十世纪下半叶著名的作家,在当代小说界极具影响力,曾被誉为“美国的契柯夫”、“海明威之后美国最伟大的短篇小说家”以及“美国八十年代后短篇小说复兴的最大功臣”等。

手写作业名词解释

手写作业名词解释

手写作业名词解释1.白描:国画的一种画法,纯用线条勾画,不加彩色渲染。

或表示文字简练单纯,不加渲染烘托的写作风格。

2.细描:也叫“工笔”。

它像绘画中的工笔画一样,用极细腻的笔法精细地描绘人物和事物,对事物的主要特征作细致入微的刻画,也称为工笔。

这种描写,文字绚丽,色彩斑斓,有如镂金错彩,绚丽华美。

常运用对比、比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞手法。

3.《燕山夜话》:是一本杂文集。

作者马南邨(本名邓拓,马南邨乃其笔名),自1961至1963年在《北京晚报》的《燕山夜话》专栏陆续发表杂文,共五集,收杂文一百五十篇。

涉及文学、历史、哲学、经济等各方面,针砭社会弊病,表达人生见解,具有很强的知识性和趣味性。

写作上,旁征博引,文字生动流畅,文采斐然。

4.消息:也叫新闻,是一种以简要文字迅速及时地报道新闻事实的最基本的新闻体裁。

消息是新闻的主要形式,通常以叙事为主。

其篇幅短小,言简意赅,有一定的结构模式,报道事件及时迅速,适用于传播新鲜的、重要的、有趣的事实。

5.通讯:有时也称为通讯报道,它是报道典型人物,典型事件,典型问题和典型经验的新闻文体,它是记叙文的一种,是报纸、广播电台、通讯社常用的文体。

它常常运用叙述、描写、抒情、议论等多种手法,具体、生动、形象地反映新闻事件或典型人物等,富有表现力和感染力。

6.新闻特写:是以集中突出的、生动形象的描绘报道新闻事件的新闻体裁。

是区别于消息与通讯的一种体裁。

它摄取新闻事实中最富有特征的表现力的片断,通过多种表现手法作具有强烈视觉及情感效果的着力刻画,使其产生立体感,从而更集中、突出地表现新闻事实和主题。

7.雷蒙德·卡佛:(Raymond Carver,1938—1988),“美国二十世纪下半叶最重要的小说家”和小说界“简约主义”的大师,是“继海明威之后美国最具影响力的短篇小说作家”。

《伦敦时报》在他去世后称他为“美国的契诃夫”。

美国文坛上罕见的“艰难时世”的观察者和表达者,并被誉为“新小说”创始者。

雷蒙德-卡佛短篇小说的隔阂与对话

雷蒙德-卡佛短篇小说的隔阂与对话

雷蒙德?卡佛短篇小说的隔阂与对话一、沉默的自我与人物雷蒙德·卡佛(Raymond Carver)是美国20世纪后半叶最重要的小说家之一,他的短篇小说创作标志着“极简主义”(minimalism)文学风格的成熟。

卡佛在小说中着力描绘美国社会蓝领阶层生活的困厄和前途的渺茫,关注现代人在一个异化社会中的生存状态是他的创作主旨。

在卡佛的小说中,这些蓝领人物的一大特色就是缺乏符合社会交往规约的语言表达能力和交流沟通能力,他们在小说世界中往往沉默不语,存在严重的交流障碍。

许多评论家都指出卡佛小说人物的这一特点。

迈克尔·杰哈特认为:“正如评论家所普遍指出的那样,这些人物不能将他们的沮丧用语言表达出来并与人沟通,这导致了他们在社会、道德、精神等方面的瘫痪。

” [1]。

劳里·钱皮恩认为:“事实上,人物不同其他人交流时卡佛小说常出现的主题。

” [2]戴维德·伯克塞尔和卡桑德拉·菲利普在谈到卡佛早期出版的短篇小说集《请你安静些好吗?》(Will You Please Be Quiet,Please?)时同样指出卡佛的小说世界是“没有交流的、处在沉默边缘的世界”。

[3]20世纪七八十年代,美国大众承受着能源危机和里根经济政策造成的经济危机,他们或失业、或做着繁重的工作却看不到未来,卡佛正是着其中的一员。

卡佛出身工人家庭,年轻时做过数份零工以维持生计,其创作题材来自于它自身的生活体验,卡佛笔下困厄蓝领的经历大体相似:他们是失败又失意的美国平民,靠微薄的薪水维持生存,完全丧失体面的权利。

在《论创作》(On Writing)一文中,卡佛说,创造不光靠才华,也靠他特有的、与众不同的世界观:作家把自己对事物的看法通过艺术形式表现出来,创造出不同的艺术世界,就算大功告成。

卡佛的小说试图精准再现生活的压迫导致的人的麻木,不善于沟通、和交流障碍。

这种交流障碍导致他们只能酗酒、沉迷于电视、一人独处,而酗酒、沉迷电视、独处又反过来作用于人物,使人物变得更无言、更不能交流,于是小说人物陷入了一个恶性循环的怪圈。

雷蒙德·卡佛《羽毛》的符号学解读

雷蒙德·卡佛《羽毛》的符号学解读

雷蒙德卡佛《羽毛》的符号学解读沈静宇【摘要】《羽毛》是美国简约派小说家雷蒙德·卡佛的一篇短篇小说。

小说叙述了一对夫妇去朋友家做客的一次经历以及之后的一些情况。

本文试图用符号学能指/所指理论视角,通过对文本的细读,分析小说中孔雀、小孩、牙齿、羽毛、头发等主要符号的所指意义,解读小说的深层内涵。

%Feathers is one of the American minimalist writer Raymond Carver's short stories. It narrates the experience of a couple's visit of a friend and what happened after the visit. From the perspective of signifier/signified theory of semiotics, this paper analyzes the signified meaning of the signs in the story such as peacock, child, teeth, feathers, hair and silence through detailed reading of the text, so as to interpret the deep intention of the story.【期刊名称】《清远职业技术学院学报》【年(卷),期】2012(005)001【总页数】4页(P58-61)【关键词】雷蒙德·卡佛;《羽毛》;符号学;文学符号【作者】沈静宇【作者单位】苏州大学外国语学院,江苏苏州215006【正文语种】中文【中图分类】I712一雷蒙德·卡佛与短篇小说《羽毛》雷蒙德·卡佛(Raymond Carver)是简约派小说家最重要代表人物之一。

20世纪80年代,美国文坛中简约派(minimalism)短篇小说异峰突起,独树一帜。

cathedral 读后感

cathedral 读后感

cathedral 读后感English Response:"Cathedral" by Raymond Carver is a deeply moving and thought-provoking short story that explores the complexities of human connection and the transformative power of art. The story revolves around the encounter between two men, one of whom is blind and the other is sighted. Through their interactions and shared experience of appreciating a painting, they are both able to transcend their limitations and gain a deeper understanding of the world and themselves.The blind man, Robert, initially comes across as isolated and disconnected from his surroundings. However, his encounter with the narrator, a sighted man who is initially skeptical of Robert's abilities, challenges these assumptions. As they sit together in a cathedral, Robert asks the narrator to describe a painting that has been placed there. The narrator's initial resistance gives wayto a growing sense of awe and wonder as he realizes the depth of Robert's imagination and his ability to visualize the painting through his own unique perspective.Through the act of describing the painting, thenarrator is forced to confront his own narrow-mindedness and prejudices. He learns to appreciate the beauty and complexity of the world beyond what he can physically see. In turn, Robert gains a sense of empowerment and agency as he realizes that his blindness does not define him. He is able to experience the painting in a way that is uniquely his own, and this experience allows him to connect with the narrator on a profound level.The story ultimately highlights the transformative power of art. It demonstrates how art can transcend physical barriers and facilitate human connection. By sharing their experience of the painting, the two men are able to overcome their differences and gain a deeper understanding of themselves and the world around them.Chinese Response:《大教堂》由雷蒙德·卡佛创作,是一篇感人肺腑、发人深省的短篇小说,探讨了人际关系的复杂性和艺术的变革力量。

英文文学评论,雷蒙德卡佛《大教堂》

英文文学评论,雷蒙德卡佛《大教堂》

Jing C***Professor Stephanie DennyEnglish 110226 September 2015Isolation and ReunionThe novel “Cathedral” was written by American Minimalistwriter and poet Raymond Carver in 1982. After a thorough analysis of “Cathedral”, one can understand the fictional construction of its charactersandcomprehend the purpose of the theme presentedin thisnovel.Throughout the conflict between the narrator “I”, his wife and the blind man, Carver shows the significance of “Cathedral”, which symbolizes love, hope and redemption. In the opening of the story, Carver highlights the main characters common bond of solitude. Although they share that similarity, they are all very different.Initially, Narrator “I” hadan active relationship with his wife, but as time passed he became more and more isolated, apatheticand lonesome. Carver usesunreliable first person characterthe “I” to talkabout his wife’s past in regards toher mental activity. Itmeans they had always maintained a great line of communication with each other; his wifealways opened up to him about herself. Carver never explains how the couple began to separate and become indifferent with one another. It may have been the stress of his job, or the dullness of his life altogether, butthe “I” began to isolate himself from his wife and everyone else. He was did not have a social life or friends for that matter;something that was discovered during a conversation between he and his wife.Instead, the“I” would comfort himself by indulging in alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana and TV shows.The culture of television is also an important part of Carver’s works “Simmons argues that television's presence in Carver's stories signals two things:a moral vacuity and historical superficiality in the lives of characters attributable in part to television's evisceration of historical "depth" in their lives” (Mullen 52). It was during this time thata poor blind man chosethe “perfect” time to visit an old friend, the “I’s” wife. During the blind man’s visit, the narrator andhost“I” become defensive and display resentment against the friendship between his wife and the blind man because the blind touched his wife 10 years ago, “She told me he touched his fingers to every part of her face, her nose--- even her neck! She never forgot it” (104). Although the blind man has never occupy her, the “I” still feels very mind of this old friend of her because “the sense of touch is more intrinsic than vision” (Armour 145), furthermore, they kept touch in the past ten years. So when the blind man arrives at his house, all readers can smells narrator’s antipathy, “This blind man, feature this, he was wearing a full beard!A beard on a blind man! Too much, I say” (106). Start from here, the conflict is set at the beginning of the story.The second character in this story is the narrator’s wife. She considered suicide in her first marriage and now she’s suffering another lonely marriage due to lack communications with her husband.Carver showcases her current badmarriage through contrast it with her friendship with blind man. “Over the years, she put all kinds of stuff on tapes and sent the tapes off lickety-split…She and I began going out, and of course she told her blind man about it. She told him everything” (105). Carver doesn’t give any clear and direct reasoningto explain why this couple’s relationship is crumbling, buthe writes, “Once she asked me if I’d like to hear the latest tape from the blind man…I said okay… W e were interrupted, a knock at the door, an d we didn’t ever get back to the tape. I’d heard all I wanted to” (105). From here, readers should know the answer, the “I” doesn’t care about her and her tapes and he does n’t care for the blind man as well. Therefore, the blind’s visit sharpens the conflictsof the story.The third character, as well as the key character of “Cathedral” is the blind man. He isalso isolated, but dissimilar from the narrator who is self-isolating and his wife who is isolated by her husband. The Blind man is isolated by the social discrimination and biases. “He was no one I knew…My idea of blind man came from the movies. In the movies, the blind moved slowly and never laughed…A blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to” (104); “…Beulah and the blind man had themselves a church wedding…just the two of them, plus the minister and the minister’s wife” (106). Unfortunately, this blind man visits this inhospitable host, and without a doubt, the narrator is very impolite to him. In response to the “I’s” hostility, theblindman demonstrates his tolerance as well as intelligence. When the “I” sneers at him with the sites of the Hudson River sight viewing boat, he changes the topic tactfully to his “distinguishedbeard (107)”.When the “I” talk s about the changing the TV channel, the blind replies, “Whatever you want to watch is okay…Learning never ends… I got ears”(110).The blind man also doesn’t refuse marijuana when offered a smoke from the “I”. He simply replies, “There’s a first time for everything” (109). Thus it can be understood that all responses from the blind man are very friendly and open-minded. No matter how cruel his life, and no matter how poorly people have treated him, the blind man always remains positive and optimistic. Carver gives blind man a character that is completely accepting of reality, which is the opposite ofthe “I”. The conflict is sharpened by the contrast between the two different characters--- the insightful blind man and isolated normal vision the “I”.Finally, when the story reachesthe climax, Carver shows the readers his finalredemption--- Cathedral.What is the cathedral symbolize in this story?First it represents the life, “If somebody says c athedral to you, do you have any notion what they’re talking about”, “I know they took hundred s of workers fifty to hundred years to build…they never lived to see the completion oftheir work. In that wise, bub, they’re no different from the rest of us, right?”(111). Secondly, the cathedral represents faith, which was once heldby people but is now lost. “In those olden days, when they built cathedrals, men wanted to be close to God…God was an important part of life…I don’t believe in it, in any thing” (111). Lastly, the cathedral also represents the hope and love in blind man’s faith. Church is mentioned twice in this story, onc e at blind man’s wedding, and again during the TV show. Although the blind man can’t see the building of cathedral, he already knows the meaning of it. The cathedralrepresents the most essential regression of human interaction. The blind man wants to enticethe narrator with it, showing the“I” how amazing the cathedral looks like in his mind: as happiness, love and hope. At the close of the story, “I” finds his perfect cathedral in his mind with his eyes closed. “His concerns are the relationship between sight and insight, the mind’s eye and the theme of blindness, the disjunction between the eye of the artist and the production of the artist’s hand. The works, all of which appear in the text, are of several varieties: depiction of blindness, relation of blindindividuals to their environment, blindness cured, blindness that brings insight, the self-portrait and self-portrait series and its diachronic relationship to landscape portrait ure.”(Forman)Carver’s story represents a minimalistic-style novel.Carver hopes this story can help every confused and isolated personfind hope, love and begin to reestablish healthy forms of communication. He realizesmany peopleisolate themselves from crowds, such as the narrator.Carver gives the solution of how to return each isolated individualback to the world: hope,while finding the homeland of the soul, which is the cathedral.Works CitedRaymond, Carver. “Cathedral.” Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama and Writing. Ed. X.J Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 8th Compact Ed. New York: Pearson, 2016.415-16. Print.Mullen, Bill. "A Subtle Spectacle: Televisual Culture inthe Short Stories of Raymond Carver."Critique 39.2 (1998): 99. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Sept. 2015.Armour, Leslie. "Paper Machine/On Touching--Jean-Luc Nancy." Library Journal130.14 (2005): 145-146. Literary Reference Center. Web. 21 Sept. 2015.Forman, Robert J. "Memoirs ofthe Blind." Magill’S Literary Annual 1995 (1995): 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 21 Sept. 2015.。

当我们谈论爱情时我们在谈论什么

当我们谈论爱情时我们在谈论什么

作者介绍
瑞蒙·卡佛(Raymond Carver,1938年5月25日-1988年8月2日)是美国短篇小说家,诗人。其被誉为自海 明威以来,最具有影响力的美国短篇小说家。《伦敦时报》推崇他是「美国的契诃夫」。
精彩摘录
这是《当我们谈论爱情时我们在谈论什么》的读书笔记模板,可以替换为自己的精彩内容摘录。
当我们谈论爱情时我们在谈论什么
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 读书笔记 05 作者介绍
目录
02 内容摘要 04 目录分析 06 精彩摘录
思维导图
本书关键字分析思维导图
经典
东西
女人 事
先生
纸袋
谈话
爱情
主义
之父 牛仔服
修理
文学
家门口 父亲 水
爱情
大众
咖啡
内容摘要
极简主义文学之父雷蒙德·卡佛经典成名作。
目录分析
01
你们为什么 不跳个舞?
02
取景框
03
咖啡先生和 修理先生
04
凉亭
06
纸袋
05
我可以看见 最细小的东 西
1
洗澡
2
告诉女人们我 们出去一趟
3
在牛仔服之后
4
家门口就有这 么多的水
5
第三件毁了我 父亲的事
01
严肃的谈话
02
平静了他身 上
06
还有一件事
05
当我们谈论 爱情时我们 在谈论什么
雷蒙德卡佛的短篇小说奉行着奥卡姆剃刀一样的铁律,删繁就简,如无必要,全然抛弃,这种简洁文风可能 会让一部分习惯小说就该就一个故事的来龙去脉详略描述得当的读者有些摸不着头脑。
你们因爱而发光。所有这些,所有这些我们正在谈论的爱情,只不过是一种记忆罢了。

世界上最大的书店

世界上最大的书店

世界上最大的书店世界很大不知道去哪里?那就去书店吧,会有意想不到的惊喜哟,你去过书店你也知道书是放在舒适而安静的地方,那么问题来了,最大的书店那么去过了吗?不知道没关系,下面跟着小编的小步伐一起来认识一下吧。

世界上最大的书店TOPNo.10 Cook & Book比利时,布鲁塞尔中国人常说“君子远庖厨”,读书人一派清高气象,丝毫没有烟火色。

时间破除了这一“魔咒”,字里行间与柴米油盐交叠。

“书”与“厨”成为书店的主角也不再是一件太意外的事。

Cook & Book,就是比利时布鲁塞尔街头书与美食最美的相遇。

整个书店由9个区嵌套而成,每个区因售卖的书籍主题不同而设计了不同的风格,氛围各有差异,但相同的是都搭配有餐饮空间。

这里的空间可以灵活地应付不同活动、客人的需要,如需要办一场私人饭局的话,也可预定其中一家主题馆用餐,另外艺术馆每个月还有演唱会、短片放映等活动。

踏入文学书店,你会第一眼看到头顶漂浮的“文学天花板”。

No.9 先锋书店(Librairie Avant-Garde)中国,南京南京的先锋书店被美国CNN和《国家地理》同时称为“中国最美书店”,在这次的全球十佳书店榜单上,更是全亚洲唯一上榜的书店。

先锋书店创办于1996年,它的前身是一个破旧的防空洞。

其为读者打造的建筑之元素、宗教之情结、人文之关怀的书店阅读空间,吸引了众多国内外读者的聚集,使其成为南京重要的文化地标。

“大地上的异乡者”是南京先锋书店的标识,取自奥地利诗人特拉克尔的诗句。

寓意人的精神永远在寻觅一个无所在的故乡,好的书店应该是读书人的精神家园。

在读者心中,先锋就是这样一所精神家园。

No.8 Gertrude & Alice Cafe Bookstore澳大利亚,悉尼两个女孩,一段刻骨铭心的爱恋,还有对真理不断探索的信念,这就是Gertrudeand Alice书店名字的来历。

1907年的巴黎,Gertrude与Alice第一次相见,动荡的社会和残酷的战争,却让这段爱情显得格外美丽,这份深情就在曾经的灰色年代静静蔓延着。

cathedral

cathedral

Report of “Cathedral”I.A introduction of the authorRaymond Carver, a poet and short-story writer who chronicled the lives of America's working poor, came from the hardscrabble world. ''I'm a paid-in-full member of the working poor,'' he said in one of two interviews with The New York Times last spring. ''I have a great deal of sympathy with them. They're my people.''Mr. Carver was born on May 25, 1938, in Clatskanie, Ore., to Clevis Raymond Carver, a sawmill worker, and the former Ella Beatrice Casey, a waitress. He was brought up in a gray tract house in Yakima, Wash., where he began a lifelong love affair with fishing. He died of lung cancer yesterday at his home in Port Angeles, Wash. He was 50 years old.Frog, as he was nicknamed, used to sit at the foot of his parents' bed and listen to his father read from Zane Grey books or tells his own tales of hunting and fishing. Before long, the boy was telling his own stories, amateurish efforts at escapism that drew groans from the grown-up Carver when he recalled them in the 1988 interviews. It was not until he went to Chico State College in California in 1958 and took John Gardner's creative writing course that he became serious about writing.Mr. Carver graduated from Humboldt State College in California in 1963, and then attended the Iowa Writers W orkshop. He published his first story, ''Pastoral,'' and his first poem, ''The Brass Ring,'' in literary magazines while still at Humboldt.But writing had to take second place to earning a living. Mr. Carver was married within a year of leaving high school and soon had a family to support. He returned to the W est Coast with his wife, the former Maryann Burk, and their two children, Christine LaRae and Vance Lindsay. Like a displaced person, he knocked around California with his family, moving from one dead-end job to another in search of a better life. He began achieving recognition as a writer in 1967 when his story ''Will You Please Be Quiet, Please?'' was selected for the anthology ''Best American Short Stories.''II .A brief introduction of the storyThe narrator’s wife had been kept in touch with a blind friend for a long time. One day, the blind man reached their home to visit the wife. The wife behaved enthusiastically, while the narrator was indifferent and treated the blind with discrimination. Due to the previous warning from his wife, he restrained his dislike and tried to get on well with the blind man.Compared with other blind people, the blind man was special. He was of more wisdom. At the end of the story, the blind man taught the narrator how to draw a cathedral, which eased the host’s tight nerves.III.About the themeFirstly, I put my emphasis on the relationship between the wife and the blind people. They got to know each other because the woman once was employed to read newspaper for the blind man, which indicates that the blind man never gave up pursuing knowledge. At that time, the woman had already told the unspeakable secret to the blind man. After separating, the woman kept in touch with the blind man via sending tapes. The woman had affluent experiences, such as divorce, suicide, remarriage. Face with hurt, she would rather tell a distant blind man than communicate with her husband. It made me think about our reality. Many people who are addicted to chatting online. They and the woman are same. They enjoy a sense of mystery and distance. Maybe they only want to find a soul mate to talk about the real thinking in their heart. After that, they can wear their masks again. Distance sometimes means safety.Secondly the narrator’s special characters are noticeable. His life was boring and in his world, there is no friend. Maybehe even didn’t feel the real joy and sorrow. He discriminated against both the color and the blind .when the blind man visited him, he felt uneasy and jealousy. He wondered why his wife cared the blind man that much and he observed the blind man carefully. In reality, like the man, many people live homeless and aimless lives. They have eyes, but they can’t see the blos soming flowers. They have ears, but they can’t hear the beautiful sound. They have mouth, but they can’t express love and appreciation. Compared with the disabled physically, they are the true disabled. The man led by the blind man learned how to draw a cathedral which he had seen for several times while the blind had never seen. He began to learn to touch and feel life.I hope we can also learn to how to enrich our lives and extend our limits.Last I want to analysis the relationship between the blind man and his wife. His wife, Beulah, was very great and special black women. She diagnosed with gland cancer. It was the blind man that gave her a church wedding. Witnessed by God, they built a small but warm family. In the narrator’s opinion, he felt strange and even showed sympathy for the women. He thought it was a disappointing thing for a wife to marry a man who couldn’t see her beauty. In contrast, I think their story tells uswhat true love is. The love is pure, regardless of sex or money. IV Good Expressions1. Maybe I just don’t understand poetry. I admit it’s not the first thing I reach for when I pick up something to read.2. We ate everything there was to eat on the table. We ate like there was no tomorrow.3. There is a first time for everything. But I don’t feel anything yet.。

雷蒙德·卡佛诗歌的疾病叙事及医学人文关怀

雷蒙德·卡佛诗歌的疾病叙事及医学人文关怀

雷蒙德卡佛诗歌的疾病叙事及医学人文关怀熊敏娟; 杨晓霖【期刊名称】《《医学与哲学》》【年(卷),期】2019(040)018【总页数】4页(P48-51)【关键词】雷蒙德·卡佛; 诗歌; 元病理叙事; 医学人文【作者】熊敏娟; 杨晓霖【作者单位】南方医科大学外国语学院广东广州 510515; 葡萄牙里斯本大学—南方医科大学联合公共卫生政策与管理项目葡萄牙里斯本 1649-026【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R-0诗歌叙事是最古老、最具特色的艺术形式之一,也是文学在叙事医学人文教学中发挥作用的重要叙事文类。

雷蒙德·卡佛(Raymond Carver,1938年~1988年)是美国最著名的极简主义短篇小说作家之一,然而,他在诗歌创作方面也非常有造诣,只是没有受到文学评论界的关注。

在医学人文领域,他的诗歌作为非常有价值的阅读和阐释的素材,能够有效地引发医学生和医学教育者的深度反思。

本文中卡佛的诗歌主要参考克莱普(Sandra Lee Kleppe)在《卡佛诗歌中的医学人文》一文中所列诗歌,诗歌的中文翻译引自舒丹丹译的《我们所有人:雷蒙德·卡佛诗全集》,部分译文有细微调整。

卡佛自20世纪80年代从“生存现实主义”向“人文现实主义”转变[1],从这一时期开始,他的诗歌作品中开始大量出现后现代元病理人文元素。

本文从医学人文视角对卡佛的诗歌进行研究,并分析作为一名诗人,他是如何背离现代主义和后现代主义的范式,创作出充满医学人文关怀的诗句。

1 疾病叙事:疾病类型与叙事视角卡佛的前半生充满了苦难与失望,失业、酗酒、破产、妻离子散、友人背弃,晚年又罹患肺癌,50岁便英年早逝。

他曾说:“我觉得诗要比其他作品更接近我、更特别、更难能可贵……所有的诗都有一个‘自传’的成分在。

有些情节的确很像某个时间在我身上发生过的事情。

”[2]因此,他的诗歌中涉及到酗酒、癌症、失眠症等疾病题材的作品占了相当的分量,甚至有些诗歌以此为标题,如《驾车时饮酒》(Drinking While Driving)、《酒》(Alcohol)、《干杯》(Cheers)、《冬季失眠症》(Winter Insomnia)、《患癌的邮递员》(The Mailman as Cancer Patient)、《烟斗》(The Pipe)、《药》(Medicine)、《烟灰缸》(The Ashtray)等。

短篇小说的魅力推荐十个短篇小说家

短篇小说的魅力推荐十个短篇小说家

短篇小说的魅力推荐十个短篇小说家一篇紧凑、简练、个性鲜明的短篇小说,能够在短暂的篇幅内完整地呈现一个故事,甚至是一个世界观。

这种节制、独具匠心的语言艺术,在文学领域里有着重要地位。

本文将推荐十位短篇小说家,介绍他们的作品和风格。

章一:瑞文·加纳(Reverend Gilbert White)瑞文·加纳拥有一位清晰、幽默的笔触,他的短篇小说探索了真情、幽默与哀伤混杂的人性。

代表作有《三毛马弗莱》(Three Owls, 1951)和《伊丽莎白女王在雷克亚未健行》(Queen Elizabeth Walk, 1971)。

章二:约翰·切弗(John Cheever)约翰·切弗是美国现代短篇小说的开创者之一,他以强烈的个人风格创作了一系列的现实主义小说,通过探讨中产阶级生活状态,表达出对现代都市生活的种种质疑。

代表作有《信任让你免于恐惧》(Trust Me, 1957)和《游泳人》(The Swimmer, 1964)。

章三:约翰·巴特(John Barth)约翰·巴特是短篇小说家、小说家、散文家,以及散文小说家。

他在马克·特威恩和弗兰克·欧康纳的影响下,形成了一种惊人的充满幽默感和信念礼仪的小说风格。

代表作有《管家和明星》(The Burglar and the Beast, 2012)和《欢迎来到索瑞亚》(Welcome toSörmland, 2007)。

章四:艾莉斯·门罗(Alice Munro)艾莉斯·门罗被誉为现代短篇小说的女王,她的短篇小说中没有太多惊奇的意外,却以微妙的好奇心描绘了人类生活的一些复杂之处。

代表作有《跟第二任老公出门旅行的女人》(The Woman Who Slept with Her Second Husband and Didn’t Talk, 2002)和《跨过普鲁斯特村》(Crossing to Safety, 1991)。

物性书写安·贝蒂《两面神》的物叙事研究

物性书写安·贝蒂《两面神》的物叙事研究

物性书写:安・贝蒂《两面神》的物叙事研究郭颖摘要:在安•贝蒂的短篇小说《两面神》中,那只含蓄又显眼的白碗被主人公深深溺爱着,充满了难以名状的神秘感,小说从头到尾对这一物件的描写,使读者处处体会到“物”的强大力量。

而正是这种物性的张力,作用于叙事进程,推动了叙事的发展。

安・贝蒂独具匠心的描写,打破了传统的叙事角度,突显了“物”在小说中的重要地位,使该小说成为其物性书写的代表作而具有真实可信的审美魅力。

关键词:《两面神》;碗;物性;叙事进程;叙事策略中图分类号:1106.4文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-0962(2021)01-0041-07引言安•贝蒂(Ann Beattie,1947-)是当代美国久负盛名的短篇小说家,与雷蒙德•卡佛(Raymond Carver)齐名。

纵观国内学界的研究,大多集中在新现实主义、极简主义、女性主义、互文性等。

比如,李晨歌(2011)着力在后现代消费社会的视域下解读小说,从而揭示岀美国新现实主义小说的本质特征;黄姗姗(2019)则从“观看”方式的角度探讨了女性在性别权力斗争中的命运;笔者(2017)也曾将她的《大大的外部世界》(7%e big outside如。

加)与海明威的名篇《雨中的猫》(Cat in the rain)进行互文性对比分析。

毫无疑问,这些评论都从不同侧基金项目:广东省哲学社会科学外语专项“美国短篇小说批评与理论研究"(GD17WXZ26);广东省教育厅普通高校优秀青年创新人才培养计划项目“新迷茫一代:安・贝蒂短篇小说研究"(2017WQNCX016)。

作者简介:郭颖,硕士,南方医科大学外国语学院副教授,研究方向为美国文学。

41广东外语外贸大学学报2()21年第1期面深入地剖析了作品的内涵,但若细读,不难发现,安•贝蒂很多时候会花费大量的笔墨对物件进行细节描述,从“极简主义”大多惜墨如金的笔风来看,贝蒂物性书写的匠心着实值得充分关注。

雷蒙德·卡佛的短篇小说

雷蒙德·卡佛的短篇小说

雷蒙德·卡佛的短篇小说作者:唐书哲来源:《新高考·英语进阶(高二高三)》2015年第04期作者简介雷蒙德·卡佛(Raymond Carver,1938~1988),美国短篇小说家和诗人,20世纪80年代短篇小说复兴的重要力量之一,出生于俄勒冈州乡间贫穷的锯木工人家庭,父亲酗酒,成长环境无缘文化的熏陶。

19岁时和高恋人结婚,之后迷了养家糊口曾一度辗转漂泊,做过各种工作,并在此期间开始酗酒。

但卡佛在多年辗转中并未中断过上学和写作,1961年开始文学创作,1966年获得爱荷华大学硕士学位。

1983年卡佛获得“施特劳斯津贴”,开始了不为生计发愁的日子,成为了职业作家。

可是五年后,吸烟又毁掉了他的肺,并在1988年要了他的命,享年50岁。

作品简介日本作家村上春树曾这样评价过卡佛:“他的名字会留在美国文学史中,他留下的65篇短篇小说中,至少有六篇收录在以下几个小说集中:《请你安静些,好吗?》(Will You Please Be Quiet,Please?,1976),《愤怒的季节》(Furious Seasons,1977),《当我们谈论爱情的时候,我们到底在谈论什么》(What We Talk about When We Talkabout Love,1981),《大教堂》(Cathedral,1983),《大象》(Elephant,1988)。

卡佛的短篇小说语言浅显简洁,没有多余的修饰,作品中处处隐藏着超越日常生活的奇妙意外,有着一种让人忍俊不禁的痛快幽默和刺痛人心的现实感。

选文来自《当我们谈论爱情的时候,我们到底在谈论什么》。

文章赏析《你们为什么不跳个舞》一文散发着淡淡的悲伤,给人以刺痛心灵的现实感。

卡佛曾说:“用普通但准确的语言描写普通事物,并赋予它们广阔而惊人的力量,这是可以做到的;写一句表面看来无伤大雅的寒暄,并随之传递给读者冷彻骨髓的寒意,这是可以做到的。

”在本文中,卡佛都做到了。

大学英语阅读大教堂读后感

大学英语阅读大教堂读后感

大学英语阅读大教堂读后感The "Cathedral" by Raymond Carver is a poignant narrative that delves into the complexities of human relationships and the power of empathy. It's a story that resonates deeply, reminding us of the unspoken bonds that can form between the most unlikely of individuals.The protagonist's encounter with the blind man is a testament to the idea that sight is not the only way to perceive the world. Carver's use of dialogue and minimal description allows the reader to fill in the visual gaps, creating a vivid image of the cathedral in one's mind.What struck me most was the transformation in the protagonist's attitude towards the blind man. Initially,there's a sense of discomfort and awkwardness, but as thestory progresses, a genuine connection is forged. It's asubtle yet profound illustration of how stepping out of one's comfort zone can lead to personal growth.The story's climax, where the cathedral is described through touch and imagination, is a powerful moment. It transcends the physical and enters the realm of the spiritual, suggesting that true understanding comes from within and isnot limited by our senses.Carver's narrative style is deceptively simple, yet it carries a profound weight. The sparse language and theabsence of a traditional plot structure challenge the reader to engage more deeply with the text, inviting personal interpretation and reflection."The Cathedral" is a reminder of the importance of empathy and the limitless potential for connection. It's a story that lingers, urging the reader to consider the unseen aspects of life and the beauty that can be found in unexpected places.In conclusion, Carver's "The Cathedral" is a masterful piece of literature that invites introspection and challenges preconceived notions about communication and understanding. It is a story that speaks to the heart and mind, urging us to see beyond the surface and connect with the world in a more profound way.。

Cathedral Raymond Carver(《大教堂》雷蒙德.卡佛)

Cathedral  Raymond Carver(《大教堂》雷蒙德.卡佛)

Cathedral Raymond Carver大教堂雷蒙德.卡佛文章中英文分析《大教堂》是他最著名的短篇之一。

主人公的妻子多年来与一位盲人朋友保持联系。

一次,盲人朋友终于要来拜访这对夫妇,妻子兴致勃勃,主人公却非但不激动,反而竭力克制自己毫无理由的敌意和鄙夷。

和其他一些故事一样,主人公对生活这种无所谓和厌弃相混合的态度,始终是个没有提示的谜题。

除了从卡佛自己的生活经历入手,恐怕很难找到别的解释。

《大教堂》结尾,主人公在闭着眼睛和盲人一起画画的过程中,绷紧的神经终于放松下来。

不是四两拨千斤,而是花大量篇幅在天平一端放了过多郁闷之后,在另一端放一茶匙淡淡的欢欣意思意思。

然而,这便是雷蒙德·卡佛。

Cathedral Summary"Cathedral" opens with the narrator telling the reader in a conversational tone that a blind friend of his wife's is coming to visit them. The narrator is clearly unhappy about the upcoming visit. He then flashes back to the story of how his wife met the blind man when she worked for him as a reader. At the time, she was engaged to marry an officer in the Air Force. When she tells the blind man goodbye, he asks if he can touch her face. The touch of his fingers on her face is a pivotal moment in her life, something the narrator does not understand.Although his wife has maintained contact with the blind man for ten years, this will be the first time she has seen him since her marriage, subsequent divorce, and remarriage. Robert, the blind man, has just lost his wife and will be traveling to Connecticut to visit with her family. Along the way he will spend the night at the home of the narrator and his wife. His wife tells the narrator that Robert and his wife, Beulah, were inseparable.ThemesAlienation and LonelinessLike the characters in many of Carver's works, the main characters experience, or have experienced, alienation and loneliness. The narrator is unhappy in his work, jealous of his wife, and unconnected to other human beings. In addition to not being connected to others himself, he seems to resent his wife's connections to other people as well. When he speaks of the impending visit by the blind man he states, ''I wasn' t enthusiastic about his visit ... A blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to.’’ Further, once Robert arrives...The narrator is not an articulate man; consequently, the narration is filled with gaps that the reader must fill in.“Cathedral” Plot SummaryThe story’s narrator informs the readers that a friend of his wife’s, a man who happens to be blind, is on his way to visit. The narrator is not enthusiastic about the visit because blind people make the narrator uncomfortable, mainly because the narrator has no real experience with the blind.In addition to his uneasiness with the blind, the narrator is uncomfortable with his wife’s relationship with the blind man. The wife and Robert, the blind man, have maintained a close relationship via tape recordings mailed back and forth, and the narrator finds this unsettling. Despite the narrator’s feelings about the visit, Robert shows up, and the three of them dine together, and Robert and the narrator get to know each other.CharactersRobert: Robert, the blind man, is a long-time friend of the narrator’s wife. Robert has maintained a close relationship with the narrator’s wife since she worked for him years ago. Since then, they have stayed in touch. Robert works hard to get to know that narrator, too, while he is visiting them, pushing the narrator to talk and interact with him, bringing the narrator out of his shell of closed-off ignorance.The narrator’s wife also seems to have some internal struggle, mainly due to what is divulged about her past. She was married before and suffered from loneliness. She has attempted suicide in the past, and now she is in a difficult marriage once again. Surely, had the story been told from her perspective, the depths of her internal struggle would be brought further to light.At the end of “Cathedral,” the narrator has a life-changing moment, or an epiphany, while trying to tell Robert what a cathedral looks like. The narrator, when first trying to explain what the cathedral looks like, struggles for the word s. However, upon Robert’s encouragement, loosens up, and draws the cathedral with Robert, guiding his hand with a pencil onto paper.This is a close personal connection and intimate moment of communication for the narrator, and it impacts him greatly. The narrator is able to connect with Robert, and this is the moment where the narrator can put aside his insecurities and actually interact with someone else. It changes the narrator; he says, “It was like nothing else in my life up to now” (Carver 108).Throughout Cathedral, the boundaries the narrator has placed on his interaction and communication with others are eroded by Robert’s patient persistence in getting to know him. As a result, the narrator confronts his own insecurities and misconceptions, not just about Robert and the blind, but also about his own ability to interact with others.。

英文名著的语段

英文名著的语段

英文名著的语段1. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way..." - Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities2. "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife." - Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice3. "Call me Ishmael." - Herman Melville, Moby-Dick4. "All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way." - Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina5. "It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen." - George Orwell, 19846. "It was love at first sight. The first time Yossarian saw the chaplain he fell madly in love with him." - Joseph Heller, Catch-227. "I am doomed to remember a boy with a wrecked voice - not because of his voice, or because he was the smallest person I ever knew, or even because he was the instrument of my mother's death, but because he is the reason I believe in God; I am a Christian because of Owen Meany." - John Irving, A Prayer for Owen Meany8. "The scar had not pained Harry for nineteen years. All was well." - J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows9. "It was a pleasure to burn." - Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 45110. "I could hear the human noise we sat there making, not one of us moving, not even when the room went dark." - Raymond Carver, Cathedral。

Cathedral读后感

Cathedral读后感

Fangyuan Wang (2010201367)Appreciation of modern proseDecember 26,2011Reflection on " Cathedral " by Raymond Carver "There's none so blind as those who will not see." This ancient proverb is just at the heart of Raymond Carver's "Cathedral ".In Raymond Carver’s short story "Cathedral ", a man and his wife are visited at their home by an old blind man named Robert whom the wife used to assist. Though apathetic and distant at first, the man eventually opened up to Robert.The unnamed narrator of the story ( the man himself ) was insecure, close-minded, and lacks basic communication skills at the beginning of the story. As Robert urged the narrator to begin to have a discussion, the narrator started to rethink not only his prejudice toward the blind, but also his outlook on communication and personal connection.In the beginning, the narrator was not so enthusiastic about the visit for the reason that that blind man made the narrator uncomfortable, especially when the narrator saw his wife staying and taking care of the blind, mainly because the narrator has no real experience with the blind. We can take the following sentences for example." Now this same blind man was coming over to sleep in my house."" ' Maybe I could take him bowling,' I said to my wife. She was at the draining board doing scalloped potatoes. She put down the knife she was using and turned around."" ' If you love me,'she said, ' you can do this for me. If you don't love me, okay. But if you had a friend, any friend, and the friend came to visit, I'd make him feel comfortable.' She wiped her hands with the dish towel. "" ' I don't have any blind friends,' I said. "" ' You don't have any friends,' she said. 'Period. Besides,' she said, 'goddamn it, his wife's just died! Don't you understand that? The man's lost his wife!' "In addition to his uneasiness with the blind, the narrator wa s uncomfortable with his wife’srelationship with the blind man. His wife and Robert, the blind man, had maintained a close relationship for a long period of time and the narrator finds it unsettling.There is another prove which we can know flawing his character." I didn't answer. She'd told me a little about the blind man's wife. Her name was Beulah. Beulah! That's a name for a colored woman."" ' Was his wife a Negro?' I asked. "" 'Are you crazy?' my wife said. ' Have you just flipped or something?'......"" ' I'm just asking,' I said. "At the end of the story, the narrator opened his mind to robert through the drawing of cathedral . As far as I'm concerned, the cathedral in this novel is a magnificent structure that requires cooperation and coordination for its creation.In the novel, there is a contrast between the blind and the narrator. The blind man maintained close relations, as he did with the narrator's wife, and had a loving marriage with his late wife. However, the narrator, on the other hand, lacked that spiritual base——he was not close to his wife and he did not like his job and had no friends.Though the man is fully able to see with his eyes, the commentary from his sight is just bland. The blind man and the narrator share their blindness with each other. The narrator is blind to much of the beauty around him. Instead, the blind man often sees this beauty.In the end, the blind man brought him into a new understanding of the physical world. The story shows a single moment which would suddenly become life-altering.。

雷蒙德·卡佛《好事一小件》的存在主义解读

雷蒙德·卡佛《好事一小件》的存在主义解读

雷蒙德·卡佛《好事一小件》的存在主义解读摘要:《好事一小件》是美国短篇小说家、诗人雷蒙德·卡佛的获奖之作,收集在1983年他的第三部小说集《大教堂》中,在小说的字里行间中充斥着存在主义因素。

本文试着从荒谬世界中孤独的个体和个人的自我选择两个方面对作品中的存在主义因素进行分析,为这部作品提供一个新的阐释视角。

关键词:《好事一小件》雷蒙德·卡佛存在主义荒谬自我选择中图分类号:i106.4 文献标识码:a一引言《好事一小件》是美国现代作家雷蒙德·卡佛的短篇小说,荣获1983年“欧·亨利小说奖”第一名。

卡佛被誉为“美国20世纪下半叶最重要的小说家”,是“继海明威之后美国最具影响力的短篇小说作家”。

他的小说情节平淡,语言朴实简单,少用修饰词汇,人物性格主要借助对话来体现,结尾往往呈开放式,需读者积极参与其中才能获得独特的阅读体验。

这篇小说讲述了安和霍华德有一个幸福的家庭,安很满足于她目前平淡温和的生活。

但是意外却在儿子过生日那天发生了,儿子被车撞倒,司机却跑掉了。

医院里,虽然安怀疑儿子是昏迷,但主治医生却说只是休克,最后孩子还是不幸地离开了人间。

小说没有过多地描述孩子的死,而是着重刻画了活着的人们的悲剧,期间,面包师不停打来的莫名电话更是加深了等待中的夫妇的焦虑,甚至使安歇斯底里,但小说结尾却使人看到了生活的一缕曙光。

文章中到处充满了存在主义的影像,而存在主义最具代表性、将其发扬光大的人物是法国的萨特。

本文尝试运用萨特的这一理论,从世界是荒谬的及自由选择两个方面对这部文学作品进行解读。

二世界是荒谬的,人生是痛苦的作为一个文学流派,存在主义是在第二次世界大战后出现的,主要表现在法国文学中,50年代达到高潮,也飘到了美国乃至东方一些国家,它主要研究人的生存环境和生存意义,着重指出人类社会的荒谬及人与人之间关系的异化,但它不是一种消极的思潮,而是提倡人们对自由的追求,对自己命运的掌握及创造。

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Cathedralpage 849; “The Ashtray,” page 852; “On ‘Errand,“’ page 853; Henri “From Chekhov,” page 855; Tom Jenks’s “The Origin of ‘Cathedral,“’ page 858; Arthur M. Saltzman’s “A Reading of ‘What We Talk About When We Talk About Love,“’ pageR A Y M O N D C A R V E RCathedralThis blind man, an old friend of my wife’s, he was on his way to spend the night. His wife had died. So he was visiting the dead wife’s relatives in Connecticut. He called my wife from his in-laws’. Arrangements were made. He would come by train, a five-hour trip, and my wife would meet him at the station. She hadn’t seen him since she worked for him one summer in Seattle ten years ago. But she and the blind man had kept in touch. They made tapes and mailed them back and forth. I wasn’t enthusiastic about his visit. He was no one I knew. And his being blind bothered me. My idea of blindness came from the movies. In the movies, the blind moved slowly and never laughed. Sometimes they were led by seeing-eye dogs. A blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to.That summer in Seattle she had needed a job. She didn’t have any money The man she was going to marry at the end of the summer was in officers’ training school. He didn’t have any money, either. But she was in love with the guy, and he was in love with her, etc. She’d seen something in the paper: HELP WANTEDand about their life together in the military She told the blind man she loved her husband but she didn’t like it where they lived and she didn’t like it that he was a part of the military-industrial thing. She told the blind man she’d written a poem and he was in it. She told him that she was writing a poem about what it was like to be an Air Force officer’s wife. The poem wasn’t finished yet. She was still writing it. The blind man made a tape. He sent her the tape. She made a tape. This went on for years. My wife’s officer was posted to one base and then another. She sent tapes from Moody AFB,But we were interrupted, a knock at the door, something, and we didn’t ever get back to the tape. Maybe it was just as well. I’d heard all I wanted to.Now this same blind man was coming to sleep in my house.“Maybe I could take him bowling,” I said to my wife. She was at theCathedralfriends,” she said. “Period. Besides,” she said,“goddamn it, his wife’s just died! Don’t you understand that? The man’s losthis wife!”I didn’t answer, She’d told me a little about the blind man’s wife. Her name was Beulah. Beulah! That’s a name for a colored woman.“Was his wife Negro?” I asked.“Are you crazy?” my wife said.“Have you just flipped or something?”She picked up a potato. I saw it hit the floor, then roll under the stove. “What’s wrong with you?”she said. “Are you drunk?”“I’m just asking,” I said.Right then my wife filled me in with more detail than I cared to know.I made a drink and sat at the kitchen table to listen. Pieces of the story beganto fall into place.Beulah had gone to work for the blind man the summer after my wifehad stopped working for him. Pretty soon Beulah and the blind man had themselves a church wedding. It was a little weddingjust the two of them, plus the minister and the minister’s wife. But it was a church wedding just the same. It was what Beulah had wanted, he’d said. But even then Beulah must have been carrying the cancer in her glands. After they had been inseparable for eight years Beulah’s health went into a rapid decline. She died in a Seattle hospital room, the blind man sitting beside the bed and holding on to her hand. They’d married, lived and worked together, slept together and then the blind man had to bury her. All this without his having ever seen what the goddamned woman looked like. It was beyond my understanding. Hearing this, I felt sorry for the blind man for a little bit. And then I found myself thinking what a pitiful life this woman must have led. Imagine a woman who could never see herself as she was seen in the eyes of her loved one. A woman who could go on day after day and never receive the smallest compliment from her beloved. A woman whose husband could never read the expression on her face, be it misery or some-thing better. Someone who could wear makeup or notI’m imagining nowsure, I blamed him for thatC a t h e d r a land then lit another one. This blind man filled his ashtray and my wife emptied it.When we sat down at the table for dinner, we had another drink. Mywife heaped Robert’s plate with cube steak, scalloped potatoes, green beans.I buttered him up two slices of bread. I said, “Here’s bread and butter foryou.” I swallowed some of my drink.“Now let us pray,” I said, and the blind man lowered his head. My wife looked at me, her mouth agape. “Pray thephone won’t ring and the food doesn’t get cold,” I said.We dug in. We ate everything there was to eat on the table. We ate likethere was no tomorrow. We didn’t talk. We ate. We scarfed. We grazed thattable. We were into serious eating. The blind man had right away located hisfoods, he knew just where everything was on his plate. I watched with admiration as he used his knife and fork on the meat. He’d cut two pieces ofmeat, fork the meat into his mouth, and then go all out for the scallopedto them!something like that. But I heard nothing of the sort. More talk of Robert. Robert had done a little of everything, it seemed, a regular blind jack-of-all-trades. But most recently he and his wife had had an Amway distributorship, from which, I gathered, they’d earned their living, such as it was. The blind man was also a ham radio operator. He talked in his loud voice about conversations he’d had with fellow operators in Guam, in the Philippines, in Alaska, and even in Tahiti. He said he’d have a lot of friends there if he ever wanted to go visit those places. From time to time, he’d turn his blind face toward me, put his hand under his beard, ask me something. How long had I been in my present position? (Three years.) Did I like my work? (I didn’t.) Was I going to stay with it? (What were the options?) Finally when I thought he was beginning to run down, I got up and turned on the TVMy wife looked at me with irritation. She was heading toward a boil. Then she looked at the blind man and said, “Robert, do you have a TV?”The blind man said, “My dear, I have two TVs. I have a color set and a black-and-white thing, an old relic. It’s funny, but if I turn the TV on, and I’m always turning it on, I turn on the color set. It’s funny, don’t you think?”I didn’t know what to say to that. I had absolutely nothing to say to that. No opinions. So I watched the news program and tried to listen to what the announcer was saying.“This is a colorgo upstairs and put on my robe. I think I’ll change into something else. Robert, you make yourself comfortable,” she said.“I’m comfortable,” the blind man said.“I want you to feel comfortable in this house,” she said.“I am comfortable,” the blind man said.C a t h e d r a lC a t h e d r a ldon’t know viaducts,either? Sometimes the cathedrals have devils and such carved into the front.Sometimes lords and ladies. Don’t ask me why this is,” I said.100 Raymond CarverHe was nodding<The whole upper part of his body seemed to begood, am I?” I said.He stopped nodding and leaned forward on the edge of the sofa. As he listened to me, he was running his fingers through his beard. I wasn’t getting through to him, I could see that. But he waited for me to go on just the same. He nodded, like he was tryng to encourage me. I tried to think what else to say “They’re really big,”I said. “They’re massive. They’re built of stone. Marble, too, sometimes. In those olden days, when they built cathedrals, men wanted to be close to God. In those olden days, God was an important part of everyone’s life. You could tell this from their cathedral-building. I’m sorry,”I said, ‘but it looks like that’s the best I can do for you. I’m just no good at it.”“That’s all right, bub,” the blind man said. “Hey listen. I hope you don’t mind my asking you. Can I ask you something? Let me ask you a simple question, yes or no. I’m just curious and there’s no offense. You’re my host. But let me ask if you are in any way religious? You don’t mind my asking?”I shook my head. He couldn’t see that, though. A wink is the same asa nod to a blind man. “I guess I don’t believe in it. In anything. Sometimes it’s hard. You know what I’m saying?”“Sure I do,” he said.“Right,” I said.The Englishman was still holding forth. My wife sighed in her sleep. She drew a long breath and went on with her sleeping.“You’ll have to forgive me,”I said. “But I can’t tell you what a cathedral looks like. It just isn’t in me to do it. I can’t do any more than I’ve done.”The blind man sat very still, his head down, as he listened to me.I said, “The truth is, cathedrals don’t mean anything special to me. Nothing. Cathedrals. They’re something to lookthey are.”It was then that the blind man cleared his throat. He brought something up. He took a handkerchief from his back pocket. Then he said, “I get it, bub. It’s okay It happens. Don’t worry about it,” he said. “Hey listen to me. Will you do me a favor? I got an idea. Why don’t you find us some heavy paper? And a pen. We’ll do something. We’ll draw one together. Get us a pen and some heavy paper. Go on, bub, get the stuff,” he said.So I went upstairs. My legs felt like they didn’t have any strength in them. They felt like they did after I’d done some running. In my wife’s room, I looked around. I found some ballpoints in a little basket on her table. And then I tried to think where to look for the kind of paper he was talking about.Downstairs, in the kitchen, I found a shopping bag with onion skins in the bottom of the bag. I emptied the bag and shook it. I brought it into the living room and sat down with it near his legs. I moved some things, smoothed the wrinkles from the bag, spread it out on the coffee table.The blind man got down from the sofa and sat next to me on the carpet.He ran his fingers over the paper. He went up and down the sides of the paper. The edges, even the edges. He fingered the corners.Cathedral 101“All right,” he said.“All right, let’s do her.”He found my hand, the hand with the pen. He closed his hand over my hand. “Go ahead, bub, draw,” he said. “Draw. You’ll see. I’ll follow along with you. It’ll be okay Just begin now like I’m telling you. You’ll see. Draw,” the blind man said.So I began. First I drew a box that looked like a house. It could have been the house I lived in. Then I put a roof on it. At either end of the roof, I drew spires. Crazy“Swell,” he said. “Terrific. You’re doing fine,” he said.“Never thought anything like this could happen in your lifetime, did you, bub? Well, its a strange life, we all know that. Go on now. Keep it up.”I put in windows with arches. I drew flying buttresses. I hung great doors. I couldn’t stop. The TV station went off the air. I put down the pen and closed and opened my fingers. The blind man felt round over the paper. He moved the tips of his fingers over the paper, all over what I had drawn, and he nodded.“Doing fine,”the blind man said.I took up the pen again, and he found my hand. I kept at it. I’m no artist. But I kept drawing just the same.My wife opened up her eyes and gazed at us. She sat up on the sofa, her robe hanging open. She said,“What are you doing? Tell me, I want to know.”I didn’t answer her.The blind man said,“We’re drawing a cathedral. Me and him are working on it. Press hard,”he said to me. “That’s right. That’s good,” he said.“Sure. You got it, bub. I can tell. You didn’t think you could. But you can, can’t you? You’re cooking with gas now. You know what I’m saying? We’re going to really have us something here in a minute. How’s the old arm?” he said.“Put some people in there now. What’s a cathedral without people?”My wife said,“What’s going on? Robert, what are you doing? What’s going on?”“It’s all right,” he said to her. “Close your eyes now,” the blind man said to me.I did it. I closed them just like he said.“Are they closed?” he said. “Don’t fudge.”“They’re closed,,’ I said.“Keep them that way,” he said. He said, “Don’t stop now. Draw.”So we kept on with it. His fingers rode my fingers as my hand went over the paper. It was like nothing else in my life up to now.Then he said, “I think that’s it. I think you got it,” he said. “Take a look. What do you think?”But I had my eyes closed. I thought I’d keep them that way for a little longer. I thought it was something I ought to do.“Well?” he said. “Are youI said.i。

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