Part3-写作前的准备
toefl口语——speaking summary
EXP---采用慢速,两个较为深入的观点即可满足要求.宁愿有条理(well organized)的提前结束观点(此时可以加入一些总结性的话,well ,that `s all about it),也不极为吃紧的结束/甚至未能完成回答.万一提前几秒钟回答完毕,可以做一总结性的陈述。
不要慌乱而引入了新的观点,比如waht`s more,而要告诉他们我已经从容的答好了。
根据经验,总结性的陈述一定放在最后,这样在充分背完出彩的小点后,还能博得加分,至少不至于因为乱了分寸丢分。
To sum up 要充分信任自己准备已久的小点并坚决使用,而不是自己临场发挥的实力首先构思结构,或递进式,或正反式。
其次列出提纲,找到两点突破口。
What`s more, 举例是最强有力的论证,也更占时间。
R-L-S类题目(3/4)R亦需要做笔记,因为写作的时候不能回去看文章.尽量使用不同的vcb和语法结构对所听到和读到的信息进行转述.PART 1模板:引语+body:Speaking of (events in my culture),i`d like to talk a little bit about the ....To begin with ,what`s really impressive to me is its ....;in addtion,equally important is ....;most significantly,....wrap up:作总结性的声明Place:推荐类开场白介绍语:Here in this city,u have a load of places to go for a dinner.but in my mind, there is hardly a place that can match.......,considering all the aspects as to judgeing a restaurant.1环境:(first of all)what impresses me the most is the charming set inside it.Once u step into the gate,u might think u have actually come to the wrong place.with all the decoration suggesting that u are in an art gallery,rather than a common restaurant,i am sure u will get kind of surprised.Trip :the sky there is serene and the beach is always full of sunshine. You can imagine how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself leisurely lying on the beach, when the sun is setting down, when the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing.2价格&服务:Of course ,besides....,Considering the price that is rare among such top-rankingrestaurants,it all the time impresses customers with the superb quality of their services.3以不变应万变:::::::通用模板之交通&历史&友好:(most importantly,)As to the location,it won`t let u down.located in the center of the city, _is accessible by several bus and subway lines,and thus can be reached within half an hour from any part of the city,even during rush hour.everytime u feel like getting a fine dinner,it is really convienent simpy to choose any one of those various forms of transportation without too much trouble.Back in the times of the 1960s,the _ was already a very popular _for the citizens of that age.from then on ,there have always been famous magazines which refer to it as a pride of the locality.people there are really hospitable ,and I made friends with some gorgeous French girls in that restaurant. One of them even gave me a little watch as a souvenir of our friendship.Event:天气晴好:It was a really good day, and the weather was good too.the sun is shining andthe wind keep breezing in a gentle way,which makes us really enjoyable.结束的晚宴:there was an after party held in a restaurant outside, where we were talking a lot about what happened in the past .we all enjoy great pleasure that time,which will be no doubt kept in my mind for quite a long timePerson:(opening speech)I think a good friend should be first of all .....气质:(what is really impressive to me is that) Everytime he walks in ,he brings a strong feeling of authority,quite sub-consciously though and that gives all the people around a sense of trustworthiness.成就:So far,no one in our school has made more breakthroughs in the field of english teaching methods than ...,and he also made possible many wonders of our teaching reform/in terms of teaching reform.和蔼友善:Most importantly,I admire her so much because she is not only a teacher to me but also a very good friend. Last summer, she invited me to dine in her home.During the dinner,we talked a lot ,chatted with each other as if we are family.friendliness:a friend should first of all be friendly.as is often the case,friend is the one who u will be with for quite a long time,maybe even for the whole lifetime.thus,no one may prefer to somebody who behave rather rudely,blurting out insulting words toward people all the time.instead,people never fail to fascinate others with a friendly behavior.As to me ,whenever i was badly in need of help,he should immediately come over and lend me a favor and,get me out of the time of difficulty.of course,this should be done without preconditions(无条件)物品:(Movie / music / book / celebrity/Holiday/invention)as for ...,anything that can interest a child and make him learn is a good one.yet to pick the favorite is quite a matter of personal choice and mine is placed on...Plasticine:.......,plasticine is one of the very objects that i really cherish in my life.For the first reason,Plasticine is such an thing,that as long as u have a gd enoughimagination,u can use it to make every possible shape in ur mind,ranging from a rabbit to a lion and from a plane to a ship.thus,by regularly thinking up original ideas,it largely improves my imagination.Perhaps more importantly,plasticine is the first ever present i have received in my life,esspecially one from my best friend.(Once upon a time ,it was a dream shared by all boys and girls to receieve plasticine as their bithday present,and i was that lucky to receive one from my best friend.)Hot pot:it is unique throughtout the world,其他都有;有着悠久历史;it is easy to gethot pot,which is best known in sichuan ,is really unique throughout the world.(other food,like the noodles ,the dumplings and so on, all can be seen in other parts of the world.)u can put everything u like into it,after a while,when the water is boiling ,u can take them out and enjoy the tasty food.(the hot pot is also known to be really spicy.)in addition,it has a relatively long history.people from other countries may get to know a little bit of chinese cuisine during the process of eating st but not the least,it really convenient to get one,besides ,with little expenses.Relax:whenever i am (doing)...,all that i`m concentrating on is to (follow the attractive plot,thinking what`s happening ,what will occur to the characters next,what if i were the main character ).because of this ,i can easily forget about troublesome things and get rid of however great pressure placed on my shoulders.as is often the case,after doing so,i may definitely get filled with energy and have the confidence to manage the work in the rest of the day.Personally, my favorite room is my STUDY-room because it looks so pretty and so comfortable. In the end because my bed-room is very quiet that I can concentrate my attention on my homework.. All in all the big bed, the free space and the quiet atmosphere are the main reasons why my bed-room is the room I would like to live in.IMPORTANT DECISIONS:Broaden my eyesight:being here,it all the time broadens my eyesight to see different kinds of cutting-edge technologies that definitely take the lead throughout my country .what`s more important to me is that,it provides me WITH much more opportunities to meet and deal with all kinds of difficulties all by myself,which to a certain degree, help me to build up both confidence and experience.besides,it is also a city of fashion,which is really attractive and appeling to me.PET:Dogs are amazing creatures! Everytime i stay together with my pet dog,i may alwaysbe attracted to the little creature and get fully relaxed myself.it means a lot to me,i mayfeel really happy and what`s more,.....Traditional new yearEven if u r indifferent to most festive events,u still cannot resist the charm of a family reunion dinner,which marks the defining feature of the festival.PART2一般采用正反论证。
高教版2021基础模块3Part 3-4 Unit 4 Customer Service教案
课题Unit 4 CustomerService(Reading andwriting)课型Reading andwriting课时2授课班级授课时间90mins授课教师教材分析本课教学内容选自高等教育出版社出版的“十四五”职业教育国家规划教材,《英语3 基础模块》中第四单元的阅读和写作(Reading and writing)板块,本阅读语料是“投诉和处理投诉”的话题,要求学生通过阅读文章,能判断如何处理投诉,概括文章的主题、梳理投诉信息、推测投诉者的投诉内容,并能使用恰当的词汇与句型完成投诉经历的描述,回复投诉信。
学情分析经过听说内容的学习,学生已能根据情境选用得体的用语进行常见的投诉,能够使用常见句型处理投诉。
通过阅读一封投诉信的回信,学习清晰地描述向其合作客户表达歉意,并解释原因和给出解决问题的方法表达和沟通,引导学生分析中西方的投诉信的不同,进一步培养概括、提炼、分析关键信息的阅读能力,以及职场语言沟通能力和思维差异感知能力。
通过写作夯实语言基础,描述投诉经历,回复顾客的投诉信,培养逻辑表达能力。
学习目标Knowledge objectives:To learn words and phrases to reply a complaint: leaflet,deliver, sincere,apology, due to,It happened that...,in charge of,try one’s best to do sth,arrange,as quickly as possible,make sure,mention,delay,cause lose to, request,reduce...by...To be able to use these sentences skillfully:Since we have been partners for so long, we’ll try our best to work out a better solution for you.Even though you didn’t express such a request, we will reduce the price of the leaflets by 15%.Ability objectives:To understand the letter and know the clear procedures to reply a complaint letter. To be able to write a letter to deal with an after-sale complaint.Emotional objectives:To understand and accept the different complaints between Chinese and English. To develop senses of service and honesty in doing business.学习重难点To get the clear procedures to reply a complaint letter.To write a reply letter using proper expressions and right procedures.教学方法小组讨论法、任务教学法、情境教学法课前准备PPT课件,语音素材,图片教学媒体PPT课件、多媒体设备、语音素材、拓展资源包等教学过程教学环节教师活动设计学生活动设计设计意图Step 1: Warming up 1.Play a video to find“More ways to make acomplaint”.1)Review the expressions to make and deal with acomplaint,and underline those appearing in thedialogue.2)Brainstorm more ways to make a complaint andcompare the difference with Chinese.●go to the shop (face to face)●make a telephone call●set an email2.Discuss and answer:What will you do in thefollowing situations?1) You received incorrectly delivered goods.2) The delivery of your order is delayed.3) The delivery man placed a wrong address sheeton your package.1.Watch the videoand review theexpressions learnedlast period.Thenbrainstorm more waysto make a complaint.2.Discuss how to dealwith the after-saleproblems and choosea proper way to makea complaint.读前活动,视频展示电话投诉的场景,复习有关投诉的表达,头脑风暴找出投诉的更多方法,设计售后问题,选择投诉方式,锻炼审辩性思维能力,为后续的阅读活动做语言和信息的铺垫。
雅思口语part3该怎样准备
【导语】雅思⼝语part3这部分的题⽬相对较难,如果我们在雅思⼝语part3部分准备充分的话,也是有可能拿⾼分。
以下是整理的雅思⼝语part3该怎样准备,欢迎阅读!1.雅思⼝语part3该怎样准备 1、要提前准备话题故事,即准备聊天的素材。
关键看你的重点是什么,但前提是你必须有个⼤致的故事框架,才有可能⾃然的完善这个故事。
到第三部分,其实还是这些相关内容,只不过是random shoot,考官问哪些,你就说哪些就Ok了,核⼼的备考内容还是⼀样的,这样可以更有效率的准备。
2、学会分析问题。
学会思考,更要学会defend yourself. ⽐如,why there are more and more youngcouples choosing not to have children?原因很多,没钱,没时间,没兴趣都有可能,但是哪些对你来说⽐较有触动,或者⽐较有直接的想法就说那个。
2.雅思⼝语考试需要带什么 雅思⼝语考⽣需要携带与笔试相同的证明资料,⽐如⾝份证,⼩卡⼦等,因为我们仍需要与报名表中的资料核对。
在考⽣进⼊⼝试教室之前,考场管理⼈员和⼝试考官都会检查这些⽂件。
另外,雅思⼝语考试带什么?有的同学们还在问需不需要带橡⽪擦,铅笔,稿纸之类的。
⼀般来说,⼝语考试时,考官都会为考⽣准备好这些东西的。
如果你还是不放⼼的话,也可以随⾝带着,视情况⽽定。
希望同学们抓紧时间练好⼝语,除了雅思⼝语之外,⼤家也不要忘了其他板块的复习,最重要的是,不要把单词给忘了。
3.雅思⼝语考什么 雅思⼝语考试实⾏的是⼀对⼀谈话的⾏式。
可分三个part,每个雅思⼝语部分答题时间是3-4分钟左右,雅思⼝语考试时间整体为10-15分钟。
Part1:谈谈⼀般话题(⽣活作息上、⽂化习惯上、个⼈兴趣等等) Part2:主考官抽出⼀张(⾓⾊扮演卡)(Cuecard),卡上写明⼀个模拟的事件,环境或状况,由考⽣向主考官依卡提出各种问题。
雅思口语part3问题套路全讲解
雅思口语p a r t3问题套路全讲解(总3页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--不少同学在准备雅思口语的时候喜欢把重点都放在Part2上面,而Part3的问题往往是看一眼就过去了。
但实际上Part3的问题往往很抽象又难回答,更不可能像雅思口语Part 2一样有一份具体的题库,如果是毫无准备的情况下被问到,经常是卡壳而没有条理地胡说一通,前面的精心准备也大打了折扣。
今天就分享一下常见的雅思口语Part3问题规律,和一些答题的思路,以不变应万变。
Young vs. Old / Children vs. Adult很眼熟对不对没错,这就是套到任何一个话题都能用的神百搭问题。
并且可以幻化出无数个类似但不相同的问题来,比如:Do young people and oldpeople have different attitudes towards X What do you think young/oldpeople should do X Do you do X the same way when you were a child等等等等,总而言之就是想问随着年龄的增长,对某一个事物或者行为的看法或者做法有什么样的改变。
因为这个问题是可以放进任何一个语境里提问的,所以大家不要想当然的认为这其中就一定有差异,有的时候反而找不出任何差异,那也就诚实回答即可,不必牵强附会硬要找出什么区别来。
这个问题其实不难,套路就是先回答有没有差异,如果有就说说看,如果没有就说没有。
Chinese people大概是因为外国人自然就对中国感兴趣,很多话题里会出现What do Chinesepeople think of How do most Chinese people do X等等冠冕堂皇的问题,这种问题宏观又抽象,情急之下非常难回答的圆满,其实不论问题是什么,都可以这么回答——There is no way for me to know each Chinese’sopinion, but personally speaking, ..., 后接自己对这个话题的观点,很巧妙地就能避开宏观,从自己的观点出发,也不怕他后续接着提问了。
PET Writing Part3
PET Writing Part3Exam Tip1. 开始写作前先在纸上列一个提纲。
记住要使用正确的时态,并且确保叙述的故事有开头、故事情节和结尾。
Exam Tip2. 写作前,将所需要的词汇列出来。
认真考虑故事中会发生的事情,故事中的人物是谁。
因为题目的要求只能写大约100个单词,因此考生要仔细计划,不然故事可能只能写到一半,故事的结尾就比较牵强。
Exam Tip3. Ask yourself some questions; such as “How do youcontinue? So, you should get some ideas by askingyourself: Where? when? who? why? How(long,often,far,etc)?Your English teacher has asked you to write a story.Your story must beginwith the following sentence:Eg:When the teacher walkED into the room we WERE verysurprised at his apprearance…The questions will be asked should content:Question1.How did he look like?Question2.What did he take?Question3.What were we doing when he came in?Question4.What did the other students talk about him?He was probably in his early fifties and was completely bald.Hehad a long grey beard and a moustache.He was very thin andwas wearing old, but very clean clothes.He was notgood-looking but he had a kind and friendly face, and lovelybright blue eyes.We learnt that the teacher’s name was Mike and that he had spent many years travelling around the world.We had a very interesting lesson that day, and we enjoy his lessons today.Eg: An amazing journey…My uncle has always loved travelling always promised to take me on a long journey when I was old enough.When I was 18 I reminded him of his promise.i told him I was going to university the following year and that this was my last chance to have an adventure.He agreed to take me on an amazing journey.We began in Dover, when we caught a boat across the Channel.When we arrived in France, we hired a car and dorve south.The roads were very good not some very intersting people.In pairs, we caught a train to Spain, and from Spain we travelled by boat to Africa.Finally we flew home.I learnt a lot on my journey and plan to visit some of those places again as soon as I can.。
15个最奇葩的雅思口语part3问题
15个最奇葩的雅思口语part3问题雅思口语的part3通常被视为最难说的一部分,而且part3的好坏往往起到这样的作用——在考官犹豫该给你6.5还是7时,要不要给你加上这0.5分。
所以说,part3就是想要争取高分的烤鸭的必争之地。
这15个最奇葩的雅思口语part3问题雅思口语的part3通常被视为最难说的一部分,而且part3的好坏往往起到这样的作用——在考官犹豫该给你6.5还是7时,要不要给你加上这0.5分。
所以说,part3就是想要争取高分的烤鸭的必争之地。
不过,part3也以难度大、题目多、题目抽象而著名。
所谓的难度,很大一定程度包含考官常常不按常理不按套路所提的问题,于是就会有很多奇葩问题被考生吐槽——“excuseme?这怎么回答?二脸懵逼”。
其实,应对奇葩问题最好的办法就是一本正经的正常说话咯!个中奥义在何处,就在这篇文章里!我们下面就来看15道被誉为“最奇葩”的雅思口语题目。
1.学生用电子词典会导致他们犯错吗?说实话觉得用电子词典并不会有什么错呀...好吧,既然你诚心诚意地发问了,我就大慈大悲地想一想电子词典的性质、特点、平时和人的联系、平时应用的场景。
于是,有了!可以说excessive reliance, we will believe that all the explanations and usages in the dictionaryare right,Although e-dictionary brings convenience, it also contributes tothelack ofconsideration and innovation.还有一个稍微牵强点的理由就是会沉迷于电子产品…2.对人友好和对人礼貌的区别是什么???什么工作会经常假装友好?谁会经常对不喜欢的人友好? Whats the difference between pretend to befriendly and polite这题目真的是大写的黑人问号脸,friendly和polite在我的理解应该是亲疏的区别(其实口语考试就是这样,对任何问题没有绝对的对错,说你的看法,有道理即可),不管是陌生人还是亲近的人都应该有礼貌,亲近的人更应该用友好的态度,everyoneneed to be polite to anyoneelse, but don’t need to befriendly.接着可以用举例子展开,拉长说话的内容,比如:for example , i need to be friendly to..because ifeel..because i want he/shefeel..However...同时我还觉得每个工作都要假装友好啊,especially the serviceindustry. The more people we meetin a day, the more friendly we pretend to be.后面一个问题也是这样回答,也可以说情商高的人(people withhigh emotional intelligence)也会经常对不喜欢的人友好。
人教版英语八年级下册Unit3教材解读(英语教案)
Unit3 名师教材解读1. Textbook Analysis教材解读本单元以“家务琐事与许可(Chores and permission)”为话题,围绕做家务,让学生学会如何礼貌地提出请求和征求许可。
Section A在内容上侧重谈论家务琐事及家庭互助,对学生家庭责任感的建立、良好生活习惯养成以及良好社会行为习惯的培养起着重要作用,需要学生学习、操练有关语言内容和技能。
在语法方面,要求学生掌握“could”句型不同功能的分辨及应答,培养学生的实际运用能力。
在情感态度方面,教师借助本部分内容的学习,帮助学生养成文明礼貌、体谅家人、勤动手的好习惯,让学生意识到自己有必要帮助父母亲做一些力所能及的事情减轻父母的负担,养成良好的生活习惯和劳动习惯,学会照顾自己,培养学生的独立意识。
Section B在话题上,侧重孩子和家长在家庭事务方面的不同分工及关系,是知识的扩展和综合的语言运用.本部分注重学生的个人表达能力训练,重点练习动词短语的用法。
从谈论家务---对家务的看法.父母和孩子之间承担的家务延展到社交、休闲等等。
在语言上,进一步丰富与家务相关的话题词汇及短语并鼓励学生的创造性发挥。
在技能上,将听说能力综合,让学生学会通过扩大阅读量,用略读快速把握文章大意,提高阅读技巧培养语感。
突出阅读训练,由读促写。
在教学策略上,教师主导,学生主体师生双边活动。
在情感上,让学生学会有礼貌地与人沟通交流,帮助父母做力所能及的家务,增强孩子的责任感、动手能力和观察能力,促使孩子思考解决问题的办法,培养孩子的耐心、坚持不懈及积极上进的生活态度。
1.1 Section A 1a 活动1a是Lead-in部分。
旨在通过Free talk导入新的语言现象,谈论家务琐事及家务互助。
通过结对活动,讨论做哪些家务活来引入本单元的重点词汇。
教师可以鼓励学生了解他人和反思自己的生活习惯,提出不同琐事表达法以及礼貌委婉地提出要求的句型表达,是词汇及句型的输入阶段。
高三英语一轮复习讲义:读后续写之动作描写及主题升华
读后续写之动作描写及主题升华Part 1 必备表达动作描写:(一)手部动作1.shake hands with sb.与某人握手2. clap one's hands拍手3. hold one's hand tightly/gently紧紧/轻轻握住某人的手4. gather sb into one's arms把某人搂进怀里5. throw/fling one's arms around sb用双臂搂住(throw-threw-thrown:fling-flung-flung)6.grab/squeeze one's arm/wrist抓住/挤压手臂/手腕7. pat one's head拍拍某人的脑袋8. give sb a tap on the shoulder轻拍了某人肩膀9.stroke sth.轻抚10.stretch out a hand伸出一只手11.roll up one’s sleeves挽起袖子12.spread one's arms张开双臂13.rub one's eyes揉眼睛14.scratch one's head挠头15.rest one’s chin in one’s hands双手托着16.lift sth提起,举起17.tap sth轻敲,轻叩18.reach into one's pocket把手伸进口袋19.pull sth from one's pocket/put out sth拿出,抽出20.fumble in one's pocket for the key在口袋里胡乱摸找钥匙21.snatch sth from one's hand从某人手里一下夺过某物22.press sth into one's hand把…按入手中,将…塞进手里23.cling on to紧紧抓住(cling-clung-clung)24.wipe the sweat from one's forehead擦去额头上的汗25.clutch sth紧握,抱紧,抓紧26.gesture for sb to do sth/gesture that+clause 向某人示意做某事(二)脚上动作“走”1.make one's way through/to穿过…/去往2.elbow one's way through/to挤了过去3.head for somewhere前往4.step back/forward退一步;进一步5.race飞快冲,快速移动6.dash/dart猛冲,急奔7.drag one's feet back home拖着腿回家(形容困难地缓慢行走)8.flee逃跑(flee-fled-fled)9.limp/hobble跛行10.stagger摇摇晃晃地走;stagger to one's feet摇摇晃晃地站起来11.stumble绊脚;跌跌撞撞地走12. tiptoe踮着脚走13.creep into one's tent蹑手蹑脚地爬进帐篷14.sneak/slip out of one's house 偷偷溜出家15.storm out of the room 愤怒走出房间16. slip over滑倒17.wander around the street游荡,徘徊18.stroll along the beach漫步19.slow one’s stride放慢脚步20.stride back大步返回21.pace up and down走来走去,来回踱步“站”22.leap/spring to one's feet一跃而起,立马站起来(leap-leapt-leapt, spring-sprang- sprung)23.stand rooted to the spot站在原地不动24.stamp one's feet跺脚25.crouch蹲(三)头部动作1.shake one's head摇头6.lower one’s head低头2.lift one’s head抬头3.stick one's head out探头4.hold one's head in one's hands双手抱头5.pat one’s head拍一拍头7.duck one's head缩头,低着头8.rest one’s head on sb’s shoulder 把头靠在某人肩膀上9.clear one’s head清醒一下头脑(四)看1. have a glance at;glance at sth.匆匆一看2. stare at盯着3. gaze at凝视,注视(因惊讶或感兴趣)4. glare at怒目而视5. with a puzzled look in one's eyes眼中有一丝困惑6. widen one's eyes瞪大眼睛7. lower one's eyes眼睛朝下看8. fix one's eyes on sb盯着某人9. eyes fall on目光落在10. look away(from…)(从…)移开了目光11. turn one's eyes to目光转向⋯12. catch sight of看到13. sb/sth come into sight某人/某物出现在视野中14. sb/sth disappear from sight某人/某物从视野中消失Part 2 必备句型动作描写主语+谓语A,B and C.我参加颁奖仪式的上台动作: 面带微笑—走上舞台—骄傲地挺起胸膛I wore a smile on my face, strode onto the stage and puffed out my chest with pride.获奖后老师对我的赞扬的动作:朝我眨眼睛—竖起了大拇指—绽放笑容I was greeted by my teacher's smiling eyes. “Well done!” he blinked at me, gave me a thumbs-up and broadened a bright smile.我赶紧穿上外套,抓起书包,像箭一样向学校冲去。
专题07 书面表达(深圳专用)-3
2023深圳市中考英语逆袭冲刺名校模拟真题速递第三期专题07 书面表达一、材料作文1.(2023·广东深圳·统考一模)假如你是深圳山河中学的学生义工社团负责人李华,你校将在“五四青年节”举办校园义卖活动为“扶贫公益基金”筹集善款,请根据以下提示撰写宣传海报的英文版内容。
提示:1.目的:弘扬“五四精神”,伸出援助之手;2.时间:2023年5月4日下午15:00—17:30;3.地点:学校操场;4.内容:(1)准备义卖物品(旧书、文具、体育用品、玩具等);(2)制作义卖海报;(3)进行义卖活动;5.呼吁:……。
参考词汇:校园义卖charity sale要求:1.80词左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数内;2.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名;3.可适当增加细节,以使条理清楚、行文连贯;4.标点正确,书面整洁。
In order to carry forward the spirit of the May 4th Movement___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________Join in and give your helping hands!【答案】例文In order to carry forward the spirit of the May 4th Movement and extend a helping hand, I am writing to invite you to participate in the big charity sale, which will take place on the playground in our school. It will be held from 15:00 p.m. to 17:30 p.m. on May 4th, 2023.The charity sale will be hosted by our monitor where we will sell stationery, used books, sports suits, lovely toys, handcrafts and so on, and all proceeds will benefit needy children in the countryside. We are going to makeposters and have a charity sale. I know you have showed great interest and promise in our activity, so I hope you can come to take part in it. I think it will be a meaningful experience and let us see it together.Join in and give your helping hands!【详解】[总体分析]①题材:本文是一篇材料作文;①时态:时态为“一般将来时”;①提示:写作要点已给出,要求根据提示内容对校园义卖活动进行介绍,适当添加细节,并突出写作重点。
剑桥BEC真题中级第三辑口语解析(Part-3-Discussion)
第三辑Test 1Staff MagazineYour company is planning to introduce an internal magazine to keep staff informed of company developments.You have been asked to help plan the staff magazineDiscuss the situation together, and decide:●What type of information to include in the magazine●Which type of staff should contribute to the magazine●How often the magazine should be published【题目分析】企业内刊你所在的公司目前正计划发行企业内部期刊以帮助员工随时了解公司的发展状况。
要求你帮助策划企业内刊的设计。
你们一起讨论这个话题,并决定:●杂志包括哪些内容●杂志所定位的员工类型●杂志的发行周期【词汇、短语】特写feature 视觉的visual熟悉的,了解的up-to-speed 上交submit使适应,定位orient 承诺,奉献commitment【句型点击】●正面评价观点Good idea!I really appreciate what you’ve saidYou’ve made a very good point.That’s interesting!【参考范例】A: I think the staff magazine should be published four times a year and contains news and features about events in the company and the achievements of staff.B: I don’t think so. A monthly publication of news , analysis, opinions, interviews, competitions and feedback would be bette r, which can cover a wide range of topics, of interest to staff.C: I prefer the monthly. The magazine is an easy and convenient way of keeping up-to-speed with everything that’s going on in the company. In addition, staff magazine is designed to create a corporate culture that can connect all people in. so, the more, the better.A: Ok, maybe you are right. Staff magazine should involve everyone and everything in the company. A rich, prompt and diverse coverage satisfies all needs and expectations. By the way, what could be the target audience of the magazine?B: since every issue is designed to give staff a better understanding of our business, to share knowledge and experiences, to provide interest and entertainment and to show readers why the company is a good place to work, the magazine should beoriented to all the staff members.C: You can target the staff magazine to different groups, for individual department may want their version of the magazine.Moreover, staff should be encouraged to become involved in producing the magazine and building a sense of community and engagement.A: An employee magazine, um, sounds nice. And printed staff magazines can be out of date before staff even read them; so what about e-magazine, which allows content to be alive and up to date?B: Good idea! Then staff can get information across in an engaging and visual way. Down-loading and uploading old and new issues are really easy through the internet and intranet. Anyone can easily submit their article or update in the relevant section of the staff magazine.C: So many ways to improve the magazine and the staff magazine is such a great commitment to help staff to communicate better, and be better informed. Even the clients can get useful information and grasp business opportunities from the staff magazine.第三辑Test 2Video ConferencingThe company you work for is concerned about the amount of time staff spend traveling to meetings in other branches of the company, and is looking at alternatives.You have been asked to make recommendations about introducing video conferencing.Discuss the situation together and decide:●What the company needs to know about the meetings that take place at present.●What are the advantage and disadvantage of video conferencing might be●What kinds of practical preparations would be needed before introducing the system?【题目分析】电视会议你所在的公司目前很关注员工出差到其他分公司开会的用时问题,正在寻找可替代的开会方式。
丁往道英语写作手册 part3 第三题答案
英语写作手册part3 第三题答案Ш.Rewrite the following by putting the short sentences into complex sentences, or sentences with participial (分词) , prepositional, or other phrases:1. Xu comes from a working-class family and he enrolledin college last fall.2. The dean issued a bulletin that the library wouldremain open on weekends.3. Last night was a wild night that the thunder roaring,the wind blowing a gale and the rain falling in torrent.4. The temperature must have fallen considerably duringthe night that there are icicles on the trees.5. He returned to his hometown where he had been away fortwelve years and he looked in vain for the familiar landmarks.6. We have made some progress, but we still have a longwe to go.7. The sky was cloudless and the sun was shining brightly.8. There were over two hundred passengers on board theplane, about one third of whom were foreigners.9. As the girl’s mother was a famous pianist, she beganto learn to play the piano when she was a child. 10. Napoleon was born in 1769 when Corsica had just beenacquired by France.11. A stormy applause broke forth as soon as she appearedon the stage .12. The gypsies are really a nomadic people from Indiawho were once thought to be Egyptians, migrated into Europe.13. Because of the new workers are young and inexperienced,they are eager to learn from the veteran worker. 14. It was a poor quarter where there were lot of smallhuts which doted a hillside with mud walls and straw roofs.15. Hearing that his father was ill, he was anxious togo home to see him, so he went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket.。
美国大学英语写作 答案PART.3
A NSWER KEYPART THREE: SPECIAL SKILLS17 Taking Essay ExamsActivity (Step 2), 331First, Mark wrote down the heading and then numbered the sources of stress under it. Also, in parentheses beside each point he added an explanation (or:supporting material). Then he circled the four key words, and he wrote down the first letter of each word underneath his outline. Mark then used the first letter in each key word to make up a catchphrase that he could easily remember. Finally, he tested himself over and over until he could recall all four of the sources of stress that the first letters stood for. He also made sure that he recalled the supporting material that went with each idea.Activity (Step 3), 3321. b 4. c2. d 5. a3. eActivity 1 (Step 5), 3361. Mark begins with a sentence that clearly states what his paper is about.2. Notice the corrections that Mark made . . .3. The four signal words . . . are first, Another, third, and Most common (or:For example). Activity 2 (Step 5), 336Answers will vary.18 Writing a SummaryActivity 1, 339–345Here is a sample summary of the article “Power Learning”:“Power Learning”describes three proven techniques for improving study skills: time control, classroom note-taking, and textbook study.Time control is a matter of carefully scheduling your activities. The first step is to circle important dates on a large calendar. Record your study plan for one week or one day on the same calendar. This study plan should include set times for eating, going to classes, working, commuting, studying, and relaxing. Perhaps the best way to control your time is to make a list of the things you have to do. Mark the most important items on the list so that you will remember to do them first. Cross jobs off your list as you do them, and reschedule any uncompleted tasks.Class notes can also be improved if you follow a regular procedure. Attending classes regularly helps, as does developing a system of abbreviations to use in your notes. You should also record any information your instructor writes on the board or enumerates (presents in a numbered list). “Emphasis words”such as “important”or “chief”can also help you decide what to take notes on, since they indicate the main ideas. Examples and information on how ideas are related to each other should also be included. Filling in incomplete notes and reviewingthem soon after class help ensure that you have the complete record you need to understand and remember what was said.Finally, following an organized sequence of steps will help you master difficult textbooks. After making sure you understand the title of a textbook chapter, try skimming the first and last paragraphs to see if they introduce or summarize main ideas. Headings, subheadings, words in boldface or italic print, and pictures or diagrams provide further clues to key points. Once you have previewed the chapter, you should read it carefully, marking definitions and examples, enumerations, and emphasis words by highlighting, underlining, or adding symbols in the margins. As you read the material a second time, take notes in simplified outline form. Study these notes one section at a time by asking yourself questions and answering them without looking back at your notes.Therefore, improved study skills are the result of taking control of your time, improving your in-class note-taking, and studying textbooks in an organized way.Activities 2 and 3, 346 Activity (Summarizing a Book), 346 Answers will vary. Answers will vary.19 Writing a ReportActivities 1 and 2, 351Answers will vary.20 Writing a Résumé and Job Application LetterActivity, 357Answers will vary.21 Using the Library and the InternetActivity, 358Ans wers will vary.Activity (Card Catalog), 360–361A. 1. Answers will vary.2. subject sectionB. 1. Answers will vary. Example: Beloved2. Answers will vary. Example: Men at Work3. Edward Gibbon4. Richard Nelson Belles5. Answers will vary. Examples: Being Adopted: The Lifelong Search for Self—David M.Brodzinsky et al; Raising Adopted Children—Lois Ruskai Melina6. The Lives of a Cell Silent Springa. Lewis Thomas a. Rachel Carsonb. Viking b. Fawcett Crest orHoughton Mifflinc. 1974 c. 1964 (Fawcett) or1994 (Houghton Mifflin)d. QH331/T45 d. QH545.P4/C38e. Biology— e. Pesticides—Environmental aspectsPhilosophyPesticides—ToxicologyPesticides and wildlifeInsect pests—biological control7. Answers will vary, depending on the books chosen.Activity (Book Stacks), 362–363Option 1: Library of Congress System Option 2: Dewey Decimal System1. d1. c2. a2. c3. c 3. bActivity 1, 3651. Find books on your topic or Research a topic through the subject section of the book file.2. Find articles on your topic or Research a topic through the subject section of magazine files. Activity 2, 365-366Answers will vary.Activity, 373–375Answers will vary.22 Writing a Research PaperActivity (Works Cited), 3861. Zuckerman, Larry. The Potato. Boston: Faber and Faber, 1998.2. Gibbs, Nancy. “The Age of Ritalin.” Time 30 Nov. 1998: 86-96.3. Stone, Andrea. “Today’s Military Tougher on Families.” USA Today 27 Nov. 1998:1A-2A.4. Papalia, Diane E., and Sally W. Olds. Human Development. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.5. Hitchens, Christopher. “Goodbye to All That.” Harper’s Nov. 1998: 37-47.。
公共英语三级作文写作技巧
公共英语三级作文写作技巧英文回答:1. Understand the Test Format and Requirements.Public English Test Level 3 (PET3) assesses candidates' ability in reading, writing, listening, and speaking. The writing section typically consists of two tasks:Task 1: A short letter, email, or report (50-80 words)。
Task 2: An extended essay (150-200 words)。
2. Choose a Topic and Develop a Clear Thesis.For Task 1, select a topic that is familiar andrelevant to the task, then craft a clear and concise thesis statement that expresses your main argument.For Task 2, carefully read the prompt and identify thetopic and the specific question or opinion being sought. Formulate a thesis statement that directly addresses the issue presented.3. Structure Your Essay.Organize your essay logically and coherently. A typical essay structure includes:Introduction: Introduce the topic and state your thesis statement.Body Paragraphs: Provide evidence and support for your thesis, using examples, data, or personal experiences.Transition Sentences: Connect your ideas smoothly and guide the reader through your train of thought.Conclusion: Restate your thesis statement, summarize your main points, and offer a final thought or call to action.4. Use Appropriate Language and Vocabulary.PET3 requires you to demonstrate a good command of English vocabulary and grammar. Use precise and accurate language, avoiding colloquialisms or slang. Use a variety of sentence structures to add depth to your writing.5. Proofread Carefully.After completing your essay, proofread it meticulously for errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Correct any mistakes before submitting your work.中文回答:1. 理解考试形式和要求。
如何准备英语三级考试作文范文
如何准备英语三级考试作文范文English: To prepare for the English Level 3 exam essay writing, it is important to start by familiarizing yourself with the format and requirements of the test. Make sure you understand the different types of essay questions that may be asked, such as argumentative, narrative, descriptive, or compare/contrast essays. Practice writing essays on a variety of topics to improve your writing skills and develop your ability to express ideas clearly and cohesively. Pay attention to grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure to ensure your writing is fluent and error-free. Additionally, it can be helpful to read sample essays and study the writing techniques used by proficient writers. Finally, allocate enough time to plan, write, and revise your essays during the exam to ensure that your ideas arewell-organized and effectively communicated.中文翻译: 为了准备英语三级考试的作文写作,首先要熟悉考试的格式和要求。
准备高三了做准备英文作文
准备高三了做准备英文作文英文回答:As I enter my final year of high school, I am feeling a mix of excitement and nervousness. This year is going to be crucial for my future, as I will be preparing for college and taking important exams. I know that I need to stay focused and work hard in order to achieve my goals. I also want to make the most of this year and create lasting memories with my friends.I have already started to plan out my study schedule and set specific goals for each subject. I know that time management will be key in order to stay on top of my workload. I also want to make sure that I am taking care of my mental and physical health, so I plan to incorporate regular exercise and relaxation techniques into my routine.I am also looking forward to participating in extracurricular activities and taking on leadership roles.I believe that these experiences will not only look good on my college applications, but also help me develop important skills such as teamwork and communication.Overall, I am ready to take on the challenges of senior year and make it a memorable and successful year.中文回答:准备高三了,我感到兴奋和紧张。
人教版(部编)七年级语文上册写作实践3:《我们是一家人》名师课件
在线课堂
批注:一般说来,对事情的经过进行慢镜头切分,以四到 六步为最佳,过少不具体,过细会显得啰嗦。此外,慢镜头 切分是对一件事情的经过进行切分,而非呈现多件事。
“慢镜头切分”将事情的经过放慢,接下来,我们应做什 么呢?
提示:
写作任务
1.家庭的温暖、亲情的可贵,是立意的核心。可以写家
庭成员间的互敬互让,也可以写成员间的关怀与支持,还
可以写大家一起面对困难、解决问题等。
2.把要写的事情梳理一遍,看重点写什么,怎样写思路
比较清楚。
3.要恰如其分地表达你的情感。有了情感的参与,文章
才会充实饱满,有血有肉,也才会让人感动。
在线课堂
教师的亲情故事:大年三十下午,舅妈带领着全家人 启动了一项浩大的工程——帮外婆洗澡,一家子幸福 地辞旧迎新。
课文中的亲情故事:初春,我们一家在田野漫步,在处 理走大路还是走小路的分歧时,我们用孝老爱幼的方式 完满解决了问题。
●“一句话简介”原理 用一句话简介故事,就是把故事的六要素说清楚,做到要 素完整,事件明了。
02 章 节
Part
试题解说
试题解说
本次写作内容为一件事,要通过这件事来表现自己家 庭的温暖、亲情的可贵。记述这件事,第一需要你从自 己的家庭生活中选择一件印象深刻的事,并思考,你想 要通过这件事表现你们是怎样的一家人。
试题解说
记述一件事,第一要有明确的事件,然后用六要素法简洁 完整地概述,并在此基础上,将事件的经过写具体。经过具 体,可以像慢镜头回放那样,将事件切分为若干个连贯的环 节,随后再将事件中人物的表现还原。
“快!帮我找找,耳环不见啦!” “哦!哦!”
准备过程英文作文
准备过程英文作文英文:Preparing for something is always a daunting task, whether it's preparing for a test, a job interview, or a trip. However, with proper planning and organization, the process can be much smoother and less stressful. In this essay, I will share my personal experience and tips on how to prepare for something effectively.Firstly, I always start by setting a clear goal or objective. This helps me to focus on what exactly I need to prepare for and what steps I need to take. For example, if I am preparing for a test, I will set a goal of achieving a certain grade and then break down the topics that I need to study.Secondly, I create a schedule or timeline for my preparation. This helps me to stay on track and ensuresthat I have enough time to cover all the necessarymaterials. I usually use a planner or a calendar app to schedule my study sessions, practice tests, and any other necessary tasks.Thirdly, I gather all the necessary materials and resources. This includes textbooks, notes, practice tests, and any other relevant materials. I also make sure that I have a quiet and comfortable study space where I can focus without distractions.Lastly, I always try to stay positive and motivated throughout the preparation process. This can be achieved by setting small achievable goals, rewarding myself after completing a task, or seeking support from friends and family.中文:准备某件事情总是令人畏惧的,无论是准备考试、面试还是旅行。
Part3-4 Unit5 Ancient Civilization教案-【中职专用】高一英语同步精
Part3-4 Unit5 Ancient Civilization教案-【中职专用】高一英语同步精品课堂(二)(高教版2021·基础模块2)Unit 5 Ancient Civilization Part 3-4教学目标:1.能够理解并掌握本单元相关的阅读和写作技能,如读懂表格、地图等,能够写一篇简单的历史文章。
2.能够积极参与课堂讨论,能够就古代文明的特点、发展方向等问题与同学有所交流。
3.在完成作业时,能够有条理地思考、合理地部署时间,确保作业的高质量完成。
教学重点:掌握本单元的阅读和写作技能,如读懂表格、地图等,能够写一篇简单的历史文章。
教学难点:能够就古代文明的特点、发展方向等问题与同学有所交流。
教学过程:Step 1:Lead-in1.请学生们回答问题:你们最喜欢的历史人物是谁?为什么?2.播放音频,播放一首题为“The Glory That Was Rome”的歌,学生们听听这首歌会想到哪些东西?3.让学生们自由发表意见,然后老师总结,介绍Termini视角下的Roman Culture.Step 2: Reading and Vocabulary1.教师分发手头的阅读材料,学生们阅读之后回答问题。
2.学生们互相验证答案,并解释答案背后的原因。
3.学生们在讨论时发现了新词汇,教师替学生们带来了新单词的解释和词型变化。
4.教师要求学生们在朗读篇章后,用自己的话回答问题,帮助他们更好地理解文字。
Step 3: Skills Practice1.教师引导学生更多地了解历史小说与历史记载,他们有什么不同?如何了解古代文化?2.完成填空题,以更好地理解学过的内容。
3.给学生们一个表格,并让他们根据阅读材料填写表格。
Step 4: Group Work1.将学生分为小组,让他们就古代文明的特点、发展方向等问题进行讨论。
2.老师在讨论中出现的新问题或观点,可让学生们顺其自然,反复思考并加以讨论。
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(5) 出版事项(出版地、出版者、出版年、卷期号等)。 出版地指出版者的城市名,对于同名异地或不为人们 所熟悉的城市,可在其名前附加省名、州名、国名等。 对于出版者中包含了地名,出版地不能省略,如, “北京:北京大学出版社”,不能写成“北京大学出 版社”。 对于报纸和专利文献,要著录出版日期,其形式为 YYYY-MM-DD. 对于期刊的出版年份、卷号(期号)著录有以下3种形式: 1) 年,卷(期)型,如:1980, 92(2)。 2) 年(期)型,如:1985(4)。 3) 年,卷型,如1987, 5。
(4)电子文献 对于数据库(database)、计算机程序(computer program)及 电子公告(electronic bulletin board)等电子文献类型的参考 文献,建议标识为:数据库[DB],计算机程序[CP],电子公 告[EB]。 电子文献的载体类型及其标识。对于非纸张型载体的电子文 献,当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型标识中同时标 明其载体类型。建议采用以下标识:磁带(magnetic)[MT], 磁盘(disk)[DK],光盘[CD],联机网络(online)[OL]。 电子文献类型与载体类型标识基本格式为[文献类型标识/载体 类型标识] • 例如: • [DB/OL]联机网上数据(database online) • [DB/MT]磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape) • [M/CD]光盘图书(monograph on CD ROM) • [CPபைடு நூலகம்DK]磁盘软件(computer program on disk) • [J/OL]网上期刊(serial online) • [EB/OL]网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online)
怎么形成论点和论据呢?
三、形成论点和论据
论点是从材料的分析、研究中产生的,不 能先定论点,后找适合证明论点的材料。 论点的确立实际上是调查研究的问题,是 感性认识上升为理性认识的问题。 从材料的提炼中确立论点要力求正确,并 有新的见解,确立的论点,首先要能说服 自己,做到有理有据。
怎么确定研究方法呢?
第三节 写作前的准备
一、掌握理论知识 二、积累资料 三、形成论点和证据 四、确定研究方法
一、掌握理论知识 撰写毕业论文之前,必须具备哪些理论知识呢?
掌握物业(物流)管理的基本理论知识; 掌握地理学规划、资源利用等相关基础理论; 掌握经济学知识(如企业管理的相关知识)及其应用; 掌握经济/管理/规划/现象研究必须具备的方法论知识, 如统计学、会计学、计算机应用等有关数据分析方法的 基本知识; 掌握一些与本学科相关的其它学科的理论知识。
别忘记写上班别、 姓名、学号哦
四、确定研究方法
研究方法是指从事研究的计划、策略、 手段、工具、步骤、过程的总和,是 研究的思维方式、行为方式、程序和 准则的集合。 常用方法:文献资料整理分析,数据 统计分析,调查访谈,问卷调查,实 验研究,实地测量,等等。
课后作业
作业二:
根据本课所学的文献编写原则, 编写8条不同类型的参考文献,下 周上课前提交。
不同类型文献的具体写法
数据库 电子公 参考文献类型 专著 期刊文章 论文集 报纸文章 学位论文 报告 标准 专利 告 J C N D R S P DB EB
文献类型标识 M
1. 专著
[序号]作者. 书名[M]. 出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码 例如: [1] 张志建.严复思想研究[M]. 桂林:广西师范大学出版社, 1989:32-34,40,50-57. [2] 马克思恩格斯全集:第1卷[M]. 北京:人民出版社, 1956:56.
2. 期刊文章
[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码 例如 : [1] 郭英德. 元明文学史观散论[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科 学版),1995,12(3):23-25. [2] 周一德,陈明,朱定宽,等. 论中国物流的发展方向[J]. 商 务流通,2003,(5):215.
二、积累资料
资料的搜集与筛选——占有资料
占有资料的重要性 参考资料是科研和写作的基础 从参考资料中提炼有用数据 从对参考资料的整理中产生新观点 占有数据才可能多视角地看问题 参考资料与学术研究的继承性
资料的搜集与筛选——搜集资料
资料的范围: 第一手资料 他人的研究成果 边缘学科的材料 名人的有关论述,有关的政策文献等 背景材料 资料来源: 调查数据 图书馆资料 网上数据与资料
3. 学位论文 [序号]作者.篇名[D].地点:单位名称,年份。 例如: [1] 刘伟.汉字不同视觉识别方式的理论和实证研究 [D]. 北京:北京师范大学,1998.
4. 报告 [序号]作者.篇名[R].地点:单位名称,年份. 例如: [1] 白秀水,刘敢,任保平. 西安金融、人才、技 术三大要素市场培育与发展研究[R]. 西安:陕 西师范大学西北经济发展研究中心,1998. [2] 谭刚.深圳物流业发展现状[R].深圳:深圳 综合开发研究院,2005.
资料的搜集与筛选——整理资料
分类筛选: 鉴别资料和数据的适用性 辨析资料的全面性 辨析资料的真实性 辨析数据和资料是否新颖 辨析资料的典型性
资料的搜集与筛选——记录资料
(1) 主要责任者
是指对文献的知识内容负主要责任的个人或团体,包括 专著作者、论文集主编,学位申请人、专利申请人、报 告撰写人、期刊文章作者、析出文章作者等。 多个责任者之间以“,”分隔,责任者超过3人时,只著录 前3个责任者,其后加“等”字(英文用 et al )。 主要责任者只列姓名,其后不加“著”、“编”、“合 编”等责任说明文字。 外文主要责任者用原著,姓名前后应尊重各国的习惯。 作者不明时,此项可省略。
译作:
[序号] [国别]主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].译 者.出版地:出版者,出版年,起止页码. 例如: [9] [美]Glenn W.Suter Ⅱ.生态风险评价(第二版)[M]. 尹大强,林志芬,刘树深译.北京:高等教育出版社,2011, 2-10.
年鉴:
[1]广州市统计局编.广州统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计 出版社,2002:32-45.
5. 报纸文章
[序号] 主要责任者. 文献题名[N]. 报纸名, 出版日期 (版次). 例如: [13] 谢希德. 创造学习的思路[N]. 人民日报, 1998-12-25(10).
6. 电子文献
[序号] 主要责任者. 电子文献题名[文献类型/载体 类型]. 电子文献的出版或可获得地址, 发表或更新 日期/引用日期(任选). 例如: [21] 王明亮. 中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工 程 [EB/OL]./pub/wml.txt/9808 10-2.html, 1998-08-16/1998-10-04.
电子文献(学校版)
[序号] 主要责任者.电子文献题名[Z].电子文献的出处或 可获得地址,发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选). 例如: [1] 王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进 展[Z](1996-2000),[Online]Available: /learning/online_guide.asp?l ink_id=8 (April 17,2000) [2]“成功之旅”, /~cg/index1.htm (2000/4/17)
(2) 文献名及版本(初版省略) 文献名包括书名、论文题名、专利题名、析出 题名、论文集名、等。 文献名不加书名号“《》”。 (3) 文献类型及载体类型标识 根据GB 3469-83规定,以英文大写字母方式标 识以下各种参考文献类型: 专著[M],论文集[C],报纸文章[N],期刊文章 [J],学位论文[D],报告[R],标准[S],专利[P]。
(6) 参考文献起止页码。 参考文献的最末一项一般为“页码”,指引文所在的 位置编码。 应著录引文所在的起始页码或起止页码,如为起止页, 则在2个数字之间用“-”号(原来用“~”号)连接。如: 10-12。 若论文中多次引用同一文献上的多处内容,则应依次 著录相应的引文所在起始页码或起止页码,各次之间 用“,”相隔。例如:1987: 25-30, 40, 101-120.