生态学双语词汇汇编

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生态学专业英语词汇

《生态学专业英语词汇》一、生态学基础词汇1. 生态系统（Ecosystem）2. 生物多样性（Biodiversity）3. 生态位（Niche）4. 食物链（Food Chain）5. 食物网（Food Web）6. 生物量（Biomass）7. 生产者（Producer）8. 消费者（Consumer）10. 环境因子（Environmental Factor）二、生态学过程与现象1. 竞争（Competition）2. 捕食（Predation）3. 共生（Symbiosis）4. 生物入侵（Biological Invasion）5. 生物放大（Biological Magnification）6. 生态演替（Ecological Succession）7. 生物地球化学循环（Biogeochemical Cycle）8. 碳循环（Carbon Cycle）9. 氮循环（Nitrogen Cycle）10. 水循环（Water Cycle）三、生态学分支与研究方向1. 景观生态学（Landscape Ecology）2. 生态系统生态学（Ecosystem Ecology）3. 行为生态学（Behavioral Ecology）4. 进化生态学（Evolutionary Ecology）5. 环境生态学（Environmental Ecology）6. 应用生态学（Applied Ecology）7. 恢复生态学（Restoration Ecology）8. 城市生态学（Urban Ecology）9. 乡村生态学（Rural Ecology）10. 海洋生态学（Marine Ecology）四、生态学实验与技术研究1. 生态调查（Ecological Survey）2. 样方调查（Quadrat Sampling）3. 实验设计（Experimental Design）4. 遥感技术（Remote Sensing）5. 地理信息系统（GIS）6. 生态模型（Ecological Model）7. 生态模拟（Ecological Simulation）8. 环境监测（Environmental Monitoring）9. 生态修复（Ecological Restoration）10. 生物指示物（Bioindicator）五、生态学政策与管理1. 生态保护（Ecological Conservation）2. 生态红线（Ecological Red Line）3. 生态补偿（Ecological Compensation）4. 生态规划（Ecological Planning）5. 生态风险评估（Ecological Risk Assessment）6. 可持续发展（Sustainable Development）7. 生态文明建设（Ecological Civilization Construction）8. 环境影响评价（Environmental Impact Assessment）9. 生态系统服务（Ecosystem Services）10. 自然保护区（Nature Reserve）六、生态学理论与概念深化1. 生态效率（Ecological Efficiency）描述能量或物质在生态系统中从一个营养级传递到下一个营养级的效率。

生态学专业术语英汉对照2

Ecology 生态学individuals 个体population 种群communities 群落ecosystems 生态系统behavioral ecology 行为生态学physiological ecology 生理生态学evolutionary ecology 进化生态学molecular ecology 分子生态学fitness 适合度natural selection 自然选择adaptation 适应genotype 基因型phenotype 表型phenotypic plasticity 表型可塑性offspring 后代genes 基因nongenetic factors 非遗传因素not inherited 不遗传conditions 条件resources 资源environmental variation 环境变异internal regulation 内调节homeostasis 稳态negative feedback 负反馈tolerance 耐受性temperature 温度not depletable 不能耗掉solar radiation 太阳辐射decouple 退耦niche 生态位habitat 栖息地multidimensional niche space多维生态位空间Fundamental niche基础生态位Realized niche 实际生态位Prey 猎物Foraging 觅食Dimension 轴或维Global wind pattern 地球的风型The circulation of oceans 洋流Rain 降雨Havoc['hævək]灾害Hurricane 飓风Latitude 纬度Irradiance[i'reidiəns,-si]辐射度Summer solstice 夏至Winter solstice 冬至Adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却Scale 尺度Coriolis effect 科里奥利效应Intertropical convergence zone热带辐合带Jet streams 急流Albedo 反照率Gulf stream 墨西哥湾流Lee of a continent 背风面Upwelling 上涌流Adiabatic lapse rate 绝热温度递减率Inversion 逆温Heat of condensation 凝结热Heat 热Temperature profiles温度剖面Relative humidity 相对湿度Saturated water 饱和水water vapor 水蒸汽microclimate 微气候thermal['θə:məl]conductivity 热传导chemical properties of water 水的化学特性penetration of light through water光线穿透水Energy transfer and water phases能量转化和水相Deplete 耗竭Ions 离子Electropositive 正电性的Electronegative 负电性的Beer’s law 比尔定律Heat capacity 热容量Maximum density 最大密度Latent heat of vaporization增发潜热Heat of fusion 溶解热Sublimation 升华Soil water 土壤水Field capacity 田间持水量The uptake of water by roots根对水的吸收Aquatic plants 水生植物Water availability 水的可利用性Plant productivity 植物生产力Permanent wilting point 永久萎焉点Potential evapotranspiration rate潜在蒸发蒸腾速率Capillary pores 毛细管孔隙Resource depletion zone 资源枯竭区Halophytes 盐生植物Water balance in fish 鱼类的水平衡Amphibians 两栖类Water conservation by terrestrial animals 陆生动物的水保持Mammalian 哺乳动物Kidneys 肾脏Bladder 膀胱Beavers 河狸Osmoregulation 渗透调节Countercurrent exchange 逆流调节Hypertonic 高渗的Homeotherms 恒温动物Poikilotherms 变温动物Ectotherms 外温动物Endotherms 内温动物Temperature thresholds 温度阀Mechanisms 机理Enzyme 酶The thermoneutral zone 热中性区Dehydration 脱水Rates of development and growth发育和生长速度Acclimation and acclimatization 驯化和气候驯化Developmental threshold Temperature 发育温度阀Physiological time 生理时间Vernalization 春化Species distribution 物种分布Evolved response 进化反应Mean temperature 平均温度Isotherm 等温线Radiant energy 辐射能Photosynthesis 光合作用Efficiency of radiant energy conversion 辐射能的转换效率Changes in the intensity of radiation 辐射强度的变化Strategic and tactical response of plants to radiation 植物对辐射的战略和战术响应Compensation point 补偿点Photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）光和活性辐射Efficiency of Photosynthesis 光合作用效率Photosynthetic capacity 光合能力Diurnal and annual rhythms of solar radiation 太阳辐射日节律和年节律Resource depletion zone 资源耗竭带Strategic difference 战略差异Tactical response 战术响应Transpiration 蒸腾Net assimilation 净同化量Nutrient sources 营养物资源Nutrient budgets 营养预算Terrestrial communities 陆地群落Aquatic communities 水生群落Geochemistry 地球化学Global biogeochemical cycles 全球生物地球循环Mechanical weathering 机械风化Chemical weathering 化学腐蚀Wetfall 湿降落Dryfall 干降落Rainout component 雨水冲失成分Washout component 水冲失成分Streamflow 溪流Denitrification 脱氮Endorheic内陆湖泊Biogeochemistry 生物地球化学Hydrosphere carbon 水圈的碳Weathering 风化作用Nitrogen cycle 氮循环Phosphorus 氮Sediment 沉积型Lithospheric 岩石圈Sulfur 硫The fate of matter in the community群落中物质的命运Producers 生产者Consumers 消费者Decomposers 分解者Autotrophs 自养生物Grazing mammals 草食哺乳动物Phytoplankton 浮游植物Zooplankton 浮游动物Bacteria 细菌Fungi 真菌Nonliving 无生命Food chains 食物链Primary and secondary production 初级和次级生产力Net Primary production 净初级生产力Aphotic zone 无光区Photic zone 透光区Primary consumers 初级消费者Secondary consumer 次级消费者Soil formation 土壤形成The soil profile 土壤剖面Primary classification：the great soil groups 主要分类：大土壤群Higher vegetation 高等植物Dynamic mixture 动态混合物Organic matter 有机质Cells 细胞Pedology 土壤学Subsoil 亚土壤Mineral soil 矿物质土壤Parent material 母质Soil series 土系Soil surveyor 土壤勘测员Succession 演替Ecosystem patterns 生态系统格局Soil horizons 土层Humic acids 腐植酸Great soil groups 土壤群Population size 种群大小Age and stage structure 年龄和时期结构Zygote 受精卵Unitary organism 单体生物Modular organism 构件生物Ramets 无性系分株Clone 无性系Genet 基株Evolutionary individuals 进化个体Immediate ecological impact 直接生态作用Stable age distribution 稳定年龄分布Age pyramid 年龄金字塔Stationary age distribution 固定的年龄分布Stage structure 时期结构Sizes classes 个体大小群Natality 出生率Mortality 死亡率Survivorship 存活率Life tables 生命表K-factor analysis k-因子分析The fecundity schedule 生殖力表Population growth 种群增长Density-independent Population growth 非密度制约性种群增长Density-dependent growth-the logistic equation 密度制约性种群增长：逻辑斯缔方程Life expectancy 生命期望Survivorship curve 存活曲线Cohort 同生群Age-specific survival rate 特定年龄存活率Key factors 关键因子Killing factor 致死因子Basic reproduction rate 基础繁殖率Carrying capacity 环境容纳量Estimating density 估计密度Mark release recapture 标记重捕法H3Density dependence密度制约Equilibrium population density 平衡种群密度Relative density相对密度Allee effect阿利效应Exactly compensating准确补偿Undercompensating补偿不足Overcompensating过度补偿H4Population fluctuations 种群波动Chaos 混沌Expanding and contracting populations 增长种群和收缩种群Stable limit cycle 稳定极限环I1Competition 竞争Predation 捕食Parasitism 寄生Mutualism互利共生Intraspecific competition种内竞争Interspecific competition种间竞争Exploitation competition利用性竞争Interference competition干扰性竞争Cannibalism 自相残杀Altruism 利他主义Commensualism 偏利共生Amensualism偏害共生I2Dispersal扩散Territoriality领域性Niche shift生态位转移Allelopathy异株克生Competive asymmetry 竞争不对称Scramble competition争夺竞争Contest competition格斗竞争Zero net growth isocline零增长等斜线Self-thinning自疏Inbreeding近亲繁殖Reproductive value繁殖价值Leks 求偶场I3Competitive exclusion 竞争排斥Limiting similarity 极限相似性Competitive release 极限释放Character displacement 性状替换Apparent competition 表观竞争Enemy-free space 无敌空间Highly heterogeneous 高度异质性Gaps 断层Probability refuge 隐蔽机率J1Herbivores 食草动物Carnivores 食肉动物Omnivores 杂食动物Chemical defences 化学防御Behavioral strategies 行为对策Specialists 特化种Generalist 泛化种Monophagous单食者Oligophagous寡食者Polyphagous 多食者Parasites 寄生者J2Predator switching 捕食者转换Profitability of prey 猎物收益率Plant defence 植物防御The ideal free distribution 理想自由分布Functional response 功能反应Superpredation 超捕食K1Parasites 寄生物Modes of transmission 传播方式Social parasites 社会性寄生物Helminth worms 寄生蠕虫Insects 昆虫Necrotrophs 食尸动物Parasitoids 拟寄生物The cellular immune response 细胞免疫反应Vectors 媒介Optimal habitat use 最佳生境利用Brood parasitism 窝寄生Evolutionary constraint 进化约束K2Immunity 免疫Cevolution协同进化Gene for gene 基因对基因Mimics 模仿Herd immunity 群体免疫Antigenic stability 抗原稳定L1Pollination 传粉Symbiotic 共生性Obligate 专性Lichens 地衣Outcrossing 异型杂交Mitochondria 线粒体Chloroplasts 叶绿体M1Reproductive values 生殖价Hypothetical organism 假定生物Migration 迁移Senescence衰老Diapause 滞育Dormancy 休眠Longevity 寿命Enormous variation 巨大变异Energy allocation 能量分配Semelparity 单次生殖Iteroparity 多次生殖Carrying capacity 容纳量Current/future reproduction当前/未来繁殖Habitat disturbance 环境干扰The current/future reproductive output 当前/未来繁殖输出A high/low cost of reproduction 高/低繁殖付出Seed bank 种子库Torper蛰伏Hibernation 冬眠Cryptobiosis 隐生现象Aestivation 夏眠Migration 迁徙Morphological forms 形态学性状Generations世代Mechanistic level 机制水平N1Cooperation 合作Grouping-benefits 集群-好处Altruism 利他行为Group defens e 群防御Inclusive fitness 广义适合度Eusociality 真社会性Hymenoptera 膜翅目Haplodiploid 单倍二倍体Venomous sting毒刺N2Sex 性The costs of inbreeding 近交的代价Self-fertilization 自体受精Sexual versus asexual reproduction 有性和无性生殖Sex ratio 交配体制Monogyny 单配制Polygyny 一雄多雌制Polyandry 一雌多雄制Inbreeding depression 近交衰退Hermaphrodite 雌雄同体Recombine 重组Rare type advantage 稀少型有利Equal investment 相等投入Local mate competition局域交配竞争Epigamic 诱惑性Intrasexual selection 性内选择Intersexual selection 性间选择O1Alleles 等位基因Polymorphism 多型Genetic drift 遗传漂变Genetic bottleneck 遗传瓶颈Rare species 稀有物种Extinction 灭绝Chromosome染色体Genotype 遗传型Phenotype 表现型Gene pool 基因库Gel electrophoresis 凝胶电泳O2Gene flow 基因流Differentiation 分化Sibling species 姊妹种Genetic revolution 遗传演变Peripheral isolates 边缘隔离PTransfer efficiencies 转换效率（net）primary productivity (净)初级生产力Respiratory heat 呼吸热Grazer system 牧食者系统Food chains 食物链Pathways of nutrient flow营养物流Food webs 食物网QCommunity structure 群落结构Community boundaries 群落边界Guilds同资源种团Community organization 群落组织Species diversity 物种多样性Energy flow 能量流Superorganism 超有机体Species-poor/rich 物种贫乏/丰富Biomass stability 生物量稳定性Tundra 冻原Island biogeography 岛屿生物地理学Turnover rate 周转率Source of colonists 移植者源Relaxation松弛Edgespecies 边缘物种Interior species 内部物种Corridor 走廊Greenways 绿色通道Community assembly群落集合Grazers 食草动物Carnivores 食肉动物Keystone species 关键物种Dominance control 优势控制Habitat affinity生境亲和力Prey switching 猎物转换RSuccession 演替Climax Community 顶级群落Pioneer species 先锋物种Primary succession 原生演替Alluvial deposit 冲积层Secondary succession 次生演替Acidifying effect 酸化作用Opportunistic机会主义Cellulose 植物纤维素Lignin 木质素Resource ratio hypothesis 资源比假说Fluctuations 波动Cyclic succession 循环演替Disturbance 干扰Patch dynamics板块动态Mini-succession 微型演替Cambium 形成层Neotropical forest 新热带雨林Priority effect 优先效应SVegetation 植被Ecotones 群落交错区Climate map 气候图Biomes 生物群系Heat budget 热量预算Zonation 分带Grassland 草地Primary regions 基本区域Desertification 荒漠化Arctic tundra 北极冻原Alpine tundra 高山冻原Permafrost 永冻层Coniferous boreal forest北方针叶林Temperature forest 温带森林Tropical forest 热带森林Salinization 盐渍化Primary saltwater regions 基本盐水区域Opens oceans 开阔海洋Continental shelves 大陆架The intertidal zone 潮间带Salt marsh 盐沼Mudflats淤泥滩Mangroves 红树林Pelagic 浮游生物Photic zone 有光带Phyto plankton 浮游植物Nekton 自泳动物Benthic 底栖Rocky shore 岩岸Zonation 分带Streams 溪流Ponds 池塘Environmental concerns 环境关系Catchment area 集水区Temperature inversion 温度逆转Biomanipulation 生物处理TThe goals of harvesting 收获目标Quota limitation 配额限制Environmental fluctuation环境波动Maximum possible yiel最大可能产量Net recruitment 净补充量Surplus yield 过剩产量Age structure 年龄结构Population data 种群数据Stable equilibrium 稳定平衡Harvesting effort 收获努力Gun licences 猎枪执照Rod licences钓鱼许可证Upwelling of cold water冷水上升流Fisheries 渔业Ocean productivity 大洋生产力The tragedy of the common公共灾难Overexploitation 过捕Pollution 污染Global decline 全球性下降By-catch 附带收获Community perturbations 群落扰动Oil spills 原油泄漏Eutrophication 富营养化Algal blooms 水华Red tides 赤潮Biomagnification 生物放大作用UPest 有害生物Natural enemies 天敌Ruderal 杂草型Economic/aesthetic injury level 经济/美学损害水平Cultural 栽培Biological control 生物防治‘Silent spring’寂静的春天Chemical toxicity 化学毒性Evolution of resistance抗性进化Microbial insecticide微生物杀虫剂Inoculation接种Augmentation扩大Inundation 爆发VRare species 稀有种Genetic diversity 遗传多样性Extinction 灭绝Endemic species 特有种Habitat fragmentation 生境片段化Insularization 岛屿化Biodiversity 生物多样性Strategies for conservation保育对策Antarctic treaty 南极协议Ecotourism生态旅游WAir pollution空气污染Acid rain 酸雨Water pollutants 水体污染物Soil pollution 土壤污染Acid deposition 酸降Pathogens病源体Chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量Anaerobes 厌氧菌The greenhouse effect 温室效应Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Ozone 臭氧Photochemical smog 光化学烟雾XOverview 概述Soil erosion 土壤侵蚀Soil compaction 土壤硬结Contour ploughing等高耕作Cover crops 覆盖作物No-till farming 免耕农业。

常用生态学词汇(汉英英汉翻译汇编)

常用生态学词汇（汉英-英汉翻译汇编）常用生态学词汇abiotic component,非生物成分absolute reproductive value,绝对生殖价abundance,多度abyssal zone,深海带abyssobenthic zone,深渊带acclimation,驯化accumulation horizon,淀积层Acid precipitation,酸沉降Acid rain,酸雨aestivation,夏眠age structure,年龄结构age-specific life table,特定年龄生命表Agricultural economical zoning,农业经济区位Agricultural resources,农业资源Agroecosystem,农业生态系统Allee’s principle,阿利氏定律alleles,等位基因allelochemic,异种信息素/种间外激素Allelochemicals,他感物质Allelopathy,他感作用Allen’s rule,阿伦法则allopatric speciation,异域种化altruism,利他行为Artificial auxiliary energy,人工辅助能asexual reproduction,无性生殖association,群丛association group,群丛组association table,群丛表association unit theory,群丛单位理论Autecology,个体生态学autogenic succession,自发演替Auxiliary energy,辅助能balancing selection hypothesize,平衡说Bergman’s rule,贝格曼规律bethal zone,半深海带biocoenosis,生物群落bioconcentration,生物浓缩Biogecochemical cycle,生物地球化学循环Biological agriculture,生物农业Biological control,生物防治Biological energy subsidies,生物辅助能biological enrichment,生物富集Biological oxygen demand (BOD),生化需氧量（生化耗氧量）biomagnification,生物放大Biomass,生物量biome,生物带bionomic strategy,生态对策biosphere,生物圈bottle neck,瓶颈CAM plant,CAM植物cannibalism,同种相食carnivores,食肉动物Carrying capacity,环境容纳量catastrophic,灾难性因素chamaephytes (Ch),地上芽植物character displacement,特征替代cheliophytes,阴性植物Chemical ecology,化学生态学Chemical oxygen demand (COD),化学耗氧量climate climax,气候顶级climax,顶级群落climax community,顶级群落cline,渐变群clumped,集群分布co-adapted system,协同适应系统co-dynamics,相互动态co-evolution,协同进化cohort,同生群cohort life table,同群生命表cold desert,冷荒漠colonization,定居, 建群coloration,色泽Commensalisms,偏利作用communities in littoral zone,沿岸生物群落communities in the limnetic zone,湖沼带生物群落communities in the profundal zone,深水带生物群落community,群落Community ecology,群落生态学companion species,伴生种compensatory predation,补偿性捕食Competition,竞争competition coefficient,竞争系数Competition exclusion principle,竞争排斥原理competition hypothesis,竞争假说competitive exclusion,竞争排除competive lottery,抽彩式竞争Components structure,组分结构conservation,保守主义者conspicuousness,显著度constancy,恒有度contest competition,干扰竞争contest type of competition,争夺型竞争continental rise,大陆隆continental shelf,大陆架continental slope,大陆坡convergent adaptation,趋同适应convergent oscillation,趋同波动cost of gene recombination,基因重组价cost of mating,交配价cost of meiosis,减数分裂价courtship behavior,求偶行为coverage,盖度crude density,原始密度cryptophytes(Cr),隐芽植物Decomposer,分解者decomposition,分解作用delayed density dependence,延后密度制约density effect,密度效应density ratio,密度比density-dependent,密度制约density-independent,非密度制约Desertification,土地沙漠化detrital food chain,碎屑食物链detritus feeder,食碎生物Detritus food chain,腐食食物链diagrammatic life table,图解式生命表diapause,滞育diffuse competition,分散竞争directional selection,定向选择discrete generation,离散世代disruptive selection,分裂选择disturbance climax/disclimax,偏途顶级divergent oscillation,趋异波动dominance,优势度dominant species,优势种dominant-submissive,支配—从属关系dry desert,干荒漠dynamic life table,动态生命表dynamic-composite life table,动态混合生命表Eco-economical zoning,生态经济区位Ecological agriculture,生态农业Ecological amplitude,生态幅ecological density,生态密度ecological dominance,生态优势Ecological effect,生态效益Ecological efficiency,生态效率Ecological engineering,生态工程ecological environment,生态环境ecological equivalent,生态等值种ecological factor,生态因子ecological invasion,生态入侵ecological natality,生态出生率Ecological pyramid,生态金字塔（生态锥体）ecological release,生态释放Ecological succession,演替Ecological sustainability,生态持续性Ecology,生态学ecosystem,生态系统ecosystem development,生态系统的发育Ecosystem ecology,生态系统生态学Ecotone,群落交错区（生态交错区）ecotone hypothesis,生态交错带假说Ecotope,景观元素（生态点）ecotype,生态型ectotherm,外温动物edge effect,边缘效应eitolation phenomenon,黄化现象Emergent property of system,系统的整合特性emigration,迁出endogenous migration,内因性迁移endotherm,内温动物Energy analysis,能流分析Energy flow chart,能流图Energy flow path,能流路径Energy flow structure,能流结构Energy flowing,能量流Entropy,熵environment,环境environment hormone,环境激素equilibrium theory,平衡理论euphotic zone,透光带euryecious,广栖的euryhaline,广盐性的euryhydric,广水性的euryphagic,广食性的eurythermal,广温性的eurytopic species,广适种eutrophication,富营养化evergreen hardwood forest,常绿硬材林Evolution ecology,进化生态学exogenous migration,外因性迁移exploitive competition,利用竞争exponential growth,指数增长Exponential growth form,种群指数增长模式facultative parthenogenesis,兼性孤雌生殖family selection,家庭选择farmland ecosystem,农田生态系统fecundity,生育力fecundity schedule,生育力表feedback,反馈,反馈作用feeding niches,取食生态位filter food,滤食性生物finite rate of increase,周限增长率First law of thermodynamics,热力学第一定律fitness,适合度floristic-structural classification,植物区系-结构分类系统fluctuation,波动food chain,食物链Food chain structure,食物链结构Food web,食物网formation,群系formation,植物群系formation group,群系组foundational niche,基础生态位（生态龛）Free energy,自由能freshwater ecology,淡水生态学freshwater ecosystem,淡水生态系统function response,功能反应Functional component abundance,功能组分冗余gamete selection,配子选择gaps,缺口gaseous cycle,气体循环gene pool,基因库geographic variation,地理变异geographical theory of speciation,物种形成geometric growth,几何级数增长geophytes(G),地下芽植物Goase’s theory,高斯理论gradient hypothesis,梯度假说grazer,牧食生物grazing food chain,捕食食物链greenhouse effect,温室效应gross primary production,总初级生产力group selection,群选择guild,同资源团habitat,生境heath,石楠群丛height,高度hemicryptophytes (He),地面芽植物herbivore,食植动物heterotroph,异养生物heterotrophic succession,异养演替hibernation,冬眠homeostasis,内稳态homeostasis,自调节稳态homeostatic organism,内稳态生物homeostatic process,内稳定过程human demography,人口统计学Human ecology,人类生态学humus,腐殖质hydrarch succession,水生演替hydrosere,水生演替系列immigration,迁入importance value,重要值individual converse rate,个体转化率industrial melanism,工业黑化现象inner capacity increase,内禀增长力inner-environment,内环境instantaneous rate of increase,瞬间增长率intensity,强度interference competition,干扰竞争intermediate disturbance hypothesis,中度干扰假说internal distribution pattern,内分布型interspecific relationship,种间关系intertidal zone,潮间带intraspecific relationship,种内关系inversely density dependent,反密度制约Island ecology,岛屿生态学keystone species,关键种kin selection,亲选择k-strategists,k-策略者land cover,土地覆盖land use,土地利用Landscape ecology,景观生态学law of constant final yield,最后产量衡值法则law of the minimum,最小因子法则law of tolerance,耐受性法则layer,层leached layer,淋溶层leaf area index（LAS）,叶面积指数lentic ecosystem,静水生态系统life cycle,生活周期life expectancy,生命期望life form,生活型life form spectrum,生活型谱life history,生活史life history strategy,生活史对策lifespan,生活年限lifetime,寿命limit of tolerance,忍受性限度littoral zone,沿岸带lotic ecosystem,流水生态系统macroclimate,大气候macrofauna,大型生物Marine ecology,海洋生态学marine ecosystem,海洋生态系统maximum natality,最大出生率maximum sustained yield,最大持续生产量megafauna,巨型生物mexofauna,中型生物microclimate,小气候microcolony,微菌落microcommunities,小群落micro-ecosystem,微生态系统micro-environment,微环境microfauna,小型生物microplankton,小型浮游生物migration,迁徙,迁移modular organism,构件生物modules,构件Molecular ecology,分子生态学monoclimax theory,单元演替顶级monocultute,单种养殖monogamy,单配偶制monpohagous,单食性monsoon forest,季风林mortality,死亡率mortality curve,死亡曲线mosaic,镶嵌性natality,出生率n-dimensional niche,n维生态位negative feedback,负反馈net primary production(GP),净初级生产力neutrality controversy,中性说论战niche,生态位niche compression,生态位压缩niche separation,生态位分离niche shift,生态位分离non-equilibrium theory,非平衡理论non-homeostatic organism,非内稳态生物ocean-current,洋流omnivores,杂食动物open community,开放群落open shrublands,稀疏灌丛opportunist,机会主义者ordination,排序ornamentation,修饰pan-climax,泛顶级pantropical,泛热带区parabiosphere,副生物圈parapatric speciation,邻域种化（物种形成）parasites,寄生生物parasitoidism,拟寄生parent material,母质层parental care,亲代关怀parental investment,亲代投资patch,斑块per capita growth rate,每员增长率perclimax,前顶级peritrophic mycorrhizae,周边营养性菌根phanerophytes(Ph),高位芽植物phenotype,表现型photoperiodism,光周期现象phyplankton,浮游植物physiognomy,外貌Physiological ecology,生理生态学physiological natality,生理出生率phytochrom,色素pioneer community,先锋群落plankton,浮游生物Poission distribution,泊松分布polyandry,一雌多雄制poly-climax theory,多元顶级理论polygamy,多配偶制polygyny,一雄多雌制polymorphism,多型现象polyphagous,多食性的population,种群Population ecology,种群生态学porosity,粒间空隙positive feedback,正反馈post-climax,超顶级predation,捕食作用predator,捕食者present reproductive value,当前繁殖价prevail climax,优势顶级prey,猎物pre-zygotic mechanism,合子前隔离primary production,初级生产primary succession,初级演替primary succession,原生演替principle of allocation,分配原理principle of competitive exclusion,竞争互斥原理production,生产量production rate,生产率productivity,生产力progressive succession,进展演替protogynous hermaphrodism,雌雄同体pyramid of energy,能量金字塔radiation adaptation,趋异适应random,随机分布rare species,偶见种reaction time lag,反应滞时reactive species,反映性物种realized natality,实际出生率realized niche,实际生态位regressive succession,逆行演替relative frequency,相对频度relative reproductive value,相对生殖价reproduction effect,生殖成效reproductive cost,繁殖成本reproductive pattern,生殖格局reproductive time lag,生殖滞时reproductive value,生殖值residual reproductive value,剩余繁殖价resilient stability,恢复稳定性resistant stability,抵抗稳定性Restoration ecology,恢复生态学richness,丰度r-k continuum of strategies,r-k 策略连续系统r-strategists,r-策略者saprovores,食腐者savanna woodland,热带稀树草原林地scavenger,食腐者sciophytes,阴性植物scramble competition,利用性竞争secondary metabolites,次生代谢物质secondary production,次级生产力secondary succession,次生演替sedimentary cycle,沉积循环selective fertilization,选择性受精semelparity,一次繁殖生物semelparous,一次生殖semideserty,半荒漠sex ratio,性比sexual dimorphism,雌雄二型现象sexual reproduction,有性生殖sexual selection,性选择shade plants,耐阴性植物Shannon-Weiner index,香农-威纳指数similarity,相似度Simpson’s diversity index,辛普森多样性指数social group,社群social hierarchy,社会等级social-economic-natural complex ecosystem,社会-经济-自然复合生态系统solar emergy,太阳能值solar transformity,太阳能值转换率spatial pattern,空间格局special heterogeneity,空间异质性speciation,物种形成（种化）species area curve,物种面积曲线species diversity,物种多样性species evenness or equitability,种的均匀度species heterogeneity,种的不齐性species turnover rate,种的周转率spore reproduction,孢子生殖stability-resilience,稳定恢复力stabilizing selection,稳定选择standing crop,现存量static life table,静态生命表stenoecious,窄栖性的stenohaline,窄盐性的stenohydric,窄水性的stenophagic,窄食性的stenothermal,窄温性的steppe,欧亚大草原stochastic model,随机模型stratification,成层现象subassociation,亚群丛组subdominant,亚优势种subformation,亚群系succession,演替succulent,肉质植物summer-green deciduous forest,夏绿落叶林survivorship curve,存活曲线sympatric speciation,同域性物种Synecology,群落生态学synusia,层片Terrestrial ecology,陆地生态学territorial behavior,领域行为territoriality,领域性the –2/3 thinning law,–2/3自疏法则the effect of neighbours,邻接效应therophytes (Th),一年生植物thertnoperiodism,温周期现象thorn forest and scrub,多刺森林和密灌丛time-specific life table,特定时间生命表torpor,蛰伏total neutrality hypothesis,中性说trophic level,营养级trophic relationship,营养关系tundra and cold forest,苔原和冷森林uniform,均匀分布unitary organism,单体生物univoltine insects,单（一）化性的昆虫upper horizon,覆盖层Urban ecology,城市生态学vegetation subtype,植被亚型vegetation type,植被型vegetation type group,植被型组vegetative propagation,营养生殖volume,体积water cycle,水循环weight,重量xerarch succession,旱生演替xerophytes,旱生植物zero net growth isoline（ZNGI）,零增长线zone of emergent vegetation,挺水植物带zooplankton,浮游动物常用生态学词汇（汉英）–2/3自疏法则the –2/3 thinning law CAM植物CAM plantk-策略者k-strategistsn维生态位n-dimensional nicher-k 策略连续系统r-k continuum of strategies r-策略者r-strategists一年生植物therophytes (Th)一次生殖semelparous一次繁殖生物semelparity一雄多雌制polygyny一雌多雄制polyandry人口统计学human demography人工辅助能Artificial auxiliary energy 人类生态学Human ecology几何级数增长geometric growth个体生态学Autecology个体转化率individual converse rate 土地利用land use土地沙漠化Desertification土地覆盖land cover大气候macroclimate大陆坡continental slope大陆架continental shelf大陆隆continental rise大型生物macrofauna小气候microclimate小型生物microfauna小型浮游生物microplankton小群落microcommunities工业黑化现象industrial melanism干扰竞争contest competition干扰竞争interference competition 干荒漠dry desert广水性的euryhydric广适种eurytopic species广食性的euryphagic广栖的euryecious广盐性的euryhaline广温性的eurythermal中性说total neutrality hypothesis中性说论战neutrality controversy中型生物mexofauna中度干扰假说intermediate disturbance hypothesis 丰度richness内分布型internal distribution pattern内因性迁移endogenous migration内环境inner-environment内温动物endotherm内禀增长力inner capacity increase内稳定过程homeostatic process内稳态homeostasis内稳态生物homeostatic organism分子生态学Molecular ecology分配原理principle of allocation分散竞争diffuse competition分裂选择disruptive selection分解作用decomposition分解者Decomposer化学生态学Chemical ecology化学耗氧量Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 反应滞时reaction time lag反映性物种reactive species反密度制约inversely density dependent反馈，反馈作用feedback太阳能值solar emergy太阳能值转换率solar transformity开放群落open community支配—从属关系dominant-submissive无性生殖asexual reproduction气体循环gaseous cycle气候顶级climate climax水生演替hydrarch succession水生演替系列hydrosere水循环water cycle贝格曼规律Bergman’s rule他感作用Allelopathy他感物质Allelochemicals冬眠hibernation出生率natality功能反应function response功能组分冗余Functional component abundance半荒漠semideserty半深海带bethal zone叶面积指数leaf area index（LAS）外因性迁移exogenous migration外温动物ectotherm外貌physiognomy巨型生物megafauna平衡说balancing selection hypothesize平衡理论equilibrium theory正反馈positive feedback母质层parent material生化需氧量（生化耗氧量）Biological oxygen demand (BOD)生产力productivity生产率production rate生产量production生命期望life expectancy生态入侵ecological invasion生态工程Ecological engineering生态出生率ecological natality生态对策bionomic strategy生态交错带假说ecotone hypothesis生态优势ecological dominance生态农业Ecological agriculture生态因子ecological factor生态位niche生态位分离niche separation生态位分离niche shift生态位压缩niche compression生态系统ecosystem生态系统生态学Ecosystem ecology生态系统的发育ecosystem development 生态学Ecology生态环境ecological environment生态经济区位Eco-economical zoning生态金字塔（生态锥体）Ecological pyramid 生态型ecotype生态持续性Ecological sustainability生态效益Ecological effect生态效率Ecological efficiency生态密度ecological density生态幅Ecological amplitude生态等值种ecological equivalent生态释放ecological release生物农业Biological agriculture生物地球化学循环Biogecochemical cycle 生物防治Biological control生物放大biomagnification生物带biome生物浓缩bioconcentration生物圈biosphere生物辅助能Biological energy subsidies 生物富集biological enrichment生物量Biomass生物群落biocoenosis生育力fecundity生育力表fecundity schedule生活史life history生活史对策life history strategy生活年限lifespan生活周期life cycle生活型life form生活型谱life form spectrum生理出生率physiological natality生理生态学Physiological ecology生殖成效reproduction effect生殖值reproductive value生殖格局reproductive pattern生殖滞时reproductive time lag生境habitat石楠群丛heath边缘效应edge effect争夺型竞争contest type of competition亚优势种subdominant亚群丛组subassociation亚群系subformation交配价cost of mating优势顶级prevail climax优势度dominance优势种dominant species先锋群落pioneer community光周期现象photoperiodism关键种keystone species农业生态系统Agroecosystem农业经济区位Agricultural economical zoning 农业资源Agricultural resources农田生态系统farmland ecosystem动态生命表dynamic life table动态混合生命表dynamic-composite life table 协同进化co-evolution协同适应系统co-adapted system合子前隔离pre-zygotic mechanism同生群cohort同种相食cannibalism同资源团guild同域性物种sympatric speciation同群生命表cohort life table地上芽植物chamaephytes (Ch)地下芽植物geophytes(G)地面芽植物hemicryptophytes (He)地理变异geographic variation多元顶级理论poly-climax theory多刺森林和密灌丛thorn forest and scrub 多型现象polymorphism多度abundance多食性的polyphagous多配偶制polygamy存活曲线survivorship curve年龄结构age structure延后密度制约delayed density dependence 异养生物heterotroph异养演替heterotrophic succession异种信息素/种间外激素allelochemic异域种化allopatric speciation当前繁殖价present reproductive value 成层现象stratification有性生殖sexual reproduction机会主义者opportunist杂食动物omnivores次生代谢物质secondary metabolites 次生演替secondary succession次级生产力secondary production死亡曲线mortality curve死亡率mortality肉质植物succulent自发演替autogenic succession自由能Free energy自调节稳态homeostasis色泽coloration色素phytochrom负反馈negative feedback迁入immigration迁出emigration迁徙，迁移migration阴性植物cheliophytes阴性植物sciophytes驯化acclimation伴生种companion species体积volume冷荒漠cold desert初级生产primary production初级演替primary succession利他行为altruism利用性竞争scramble competition 利用竞争exploitive competition 均匀分布uniform寿命lifetime层layer层片synusia岛屿生态学Island ecology忍受性限度limit of tolerance拟寄生parasitoidism旱生植物xerophytes旱生演替xerarch succession每员增长率per capita growth rate 求偶行为courtship behavior沉积循环sedimentary cycle泛顶级pan-climax泛热带区pantropical灾难性因素catastrophic社会-经济-自然复合生态系统social-economic-natural complex ecosystem社会等级social hierarchy社群social group系统的整合特性Emergent property of system补偿性捕食compensatory predation辛普森多样性指数Simpson’s diversity index进化生态学Evolution ecology进展演替progressive succession邻域种化（物种形成）parapatric speciation邻接效应the effect of neighbours阿伦法则Allen’s rule阿利氏定律Allee’s principle陆地生态学Terrestrial ecology净初级生产力net primary production(GP)单（一）化性的昆虫univoltine insects单元演替顶级monoclimax theory单体生物unitary organism单种养殖monocultute单食性monpohagous单配偶制monogamy取食生态位feeding niches周边营养性菌根peritrophic mycorrhizae周限增长率finite rate of increase图解式生命表diagrammatic life table孢子生殖spore reproduction季风林monsoon forest定向选择directional selection定居, 建群colonization实际出生率realized natality实际生态位realized niche性比sex ratio性选择sexual selection抵抗稳定性resistant stability抽彩式竞争competive lottery构件modules构件生物modular organism欧亚大草原steppe沿岸生物群落communities in littoral zone 沿岸带littoral zone泊松分布Poission distribution波动fluctuation牧食生物grazer物种多样性species diversity物种形成geographical theory of speciation物种形成（种化）speciation物种面积曲线species area curve环境environment环境容纳量Carrying capacity环境激素environment hormone现存量standing crop空间异质性special heterogeneity空间格局spatial pattern组分结构Components structure苔原和冷森林tundra and cold forest表现型phenotype非内稳态生物non-homeostatic organism 非平衡理论non-equilibrium theory非生物成分abiotic component非密度制约density-independent顶级群落climax顶级群落climax community亲代关怀parental care亲代投资parental investment亲选择kin selection保守主义者conservation修饰ornamentation前顶级perclimax城市生态学Urban ecology总初级生产力gross primary production恒有度constancy恢复生态学Restoration ecology恢复稳定性resilient stability指数增长exponential growth挺水植物带zone of emergent vegetation 显著度conspicuousness洋流ocean-current相互动态co-dynamics相对生殖价relative reproductive value相对频度relative frequency相似度similarity种内关系intraspecific relationship种间关系interspecific relationship种的不齐性species heterogeneity种的均匀度species evenness or equitability 种的周转率species turnover rate种群population种群生态学Population ecology种群指数增长模式Exponential growth form 绝对生殖价absolute reproductive value耐阴性植物shade plants耐受性法则law of tolerance适合度fitness逆行演替regressive succession选择性受精selective fertilization重要值importance value重量weight食肉动物carnivores食物网Food web食物链food chain食物链结构Food chain structure食植动物herbivore食碎生物detritus feeder食腐者saprovores食腐者scavenger香农-威纳指数Shannon-Weiner index兼性孤雌生殖facultative parthenogenesis 原生演替primary succession原始密度crude density夏眠aestivation夏绿落叶林summer-green deciduous forest 家庭选择family selection捕食作用predation捕食者predator捕食食物链grazing food chain流水生态系统lotic ecosystem浮游生物plankton浮游动物zooplankton浮游植物phyplankton海洋生态系统marine ecosystem海洋生态学Marine ecology热力学第一定律First law of thermodynamics热带稀树草原林地savanna woodland特定年龄生命表age-specific life table特定时间生命表time-specific life table特征替代character displacement瓶颈bottle neck离散世代discrete generation窄水性的stenohydric窄食性的stenophagic窄栖性的stenoecious窄盐性的stenohaline窄温性的stenothermal竞争Competition竞争互斥原理principle of competitive exclusion 竞争系数competition coefficient竞争假说competition hypothesis竞争排斥原理Competition exclusion principle 竞争排除competitive exclusion缺口gaps能流分析Energy analysis能流图Energy flow chart能流结构Energy flow structure能流路径Energy flow path能量金字塔pyramid of energy能量流Energy flowing透光带euphotic zone配子选择gamete selection高位芽植物phanerophytes(Ph)高度height高斯理论Goase’s theory偏利作用Commensalisms偏途顶级disturbance climax/disclimax偶见种rare species减数分裂价cost of meiosis副生物圈parabiosphere基因库gene pool基因重组价cost of gene recombination基础生态位（生态龛）foundational niche寄生生物parasites密度比density ratio密度制约density-dependent密度效应density effect常绿硬材林evergreen hardwood forest排序ordination梯度假说gradient hypothesis淀积层accumulation horizon淋溶层leached layer淡水生态系统freshwater ecosystem淡水生态学freshwater ecology深水带生物群落communities in the profundal zone 深海带abyssal zone深渊带abyssobenthic zone渐变群cline猎物prey盖度coverage粒间空隙porosity营养生殖vegetative propagation营养关系trophic relationship营养级trophic level辅助能Auxiliary energy随机分布random随机模型stochastic model隐芽植物cryptophytes(Cr)领域行为territorial behavior领域性territoriality黄化现象eitolation phenomenon剩余繁殖价residual reproductive value富营养化eutrophication强度intensity斑块patch景观元素（生态点）Ecotope景观生态学Landscape ecology最大出生率maximum natality最大持续生产量maximum sustained yield最小因子法则law of the minimum最后产量衡值法则law of constant final yield植物区系-结构分类系统floristic-structural classification植物群系formation植被亚型vegetation subtype植被型vegetation type植被型组vegetation type group温周期现象thertnoperiodism温室效应greenhouse effect湖沼带生物群落communities in the limnetic zone滞育diapause稀疏灌丛open shrublands等位基因alleles蛰伏torpor超顶级post-climax趋同波动convergent oscillation趋同适应convergent adaptation趋异波动divergent oscillation趋异适应radiation adaptation集群分布clumped微生态系统micro-ecosystem微环境micro-environment微菌落microcolony滤食性生物filter food碎屑食物链detrital food chain群丛association群丛单位理论association unit theory 群丛组association group群丛表association table群系formation群系组formation group群选择group selection群落community群落生态学Community ecology群落生态学Synecology群落交错区（生态交错区）Ecotone零增长线zero net growth isoline（ZNGI）演替Ecological succession演替succession稳定恢复力stability-resilience稳定选择stabilizing selection腐食食物链Detritus food chain腐殖质humus酸沉降Acid precipitation酸雨Acid rain雌雄二型现象sexual dimorphism雌雄同体protogynous hermaphrodism 静水生态系统lentic ecosystem静态生命表static life table潮间带intertidal zone熵Entropy瞬间增长率instantaneous rate of increase 繁殖成本reproductive cost覆盖层upper horizon镶嵌性mosaic。

生态学双语词汇汇编

生态学词汇

生态学词汇第一篇：生态学词汇·生态学词汇1.abundance多度2.Acclimatization 驯化、顺应3.Adaptive radiation 辐射适应4.age—specific life table 特定年龄生命表5.Allen’s rule 艾伦法则6.association 群丛7.Bergman’s rule 伯格曼定律8.Biocoenosis 生物群落9.Biodiversity 生物多样性 10.Biogeochemical cycle 生物地（球）化（学）循环11.Biological zero 生物学零度 12.carnivore 肉食动物13.carrying capacity 环境容纳量14.coevolution 协同进化munity 群落16.consumption efficiency 消费效率17.convergent adaptation 趋同适应18.decomposer 分解者19.density dependent factor 密度制约因子20.density independent factor非密度制约因子21.detrital food chain 碎屑食物链22.diapause 滞育 23.dominance 优势度24.dominance species 优势种 25.dormancy 休眠26.ecologicalamplitude 生态幅27.ecologicalefficiency 生态效率28.ecologicalnatality生态出生率29.ecologicalniche生态位30.ecotone 群落交错区31.ectotherm 外温动物32.edge effect边缘效应33.effective accumulationtemperature 有效积温34.eutrophication水体富营养化 35.food chain食物链 36.food web食物网 37.gene pool基因库38.genetic drift遗传飘变39.grazing food chain 捕食食物链40.guild 同资源种团，共位体 41.herbivore 植食动物、草食动物42.isotonic 等渗的43.keystone species 关键种 w of limiting factors 限制因子法则w of the minimum 最低量法则w of tolerance 耐受性法则 47.Liebig 利比希 48.life form 生活型49.Lindemans efficiency 林德曼效率50.MSY最大持续产量 51.phenology物候学 52.Population种群53.Primary consumer一级消费者 54.Primary succession原生演替 55.principle of competitiveexclusion竞争排斥原理56.pyramid of energy 能量椎体 57.pyramid of number数量椎体 58.survival curve存活曲线 59.synusia 层片60.trophic level营养级61.61、xerarch succession 早生演替第二篇：生态学二姐：你叫我办的事情，我已了解的差不多了。

生态学＆进化生物学词汇精选（原创）

生态学＆进化生物学词汇精选abundance多度（对物种个体数目多少的一种估测指标，多用于群落野外调查）abyssal zone深海带bathyl zone半深海带euphotic zone透光带pelagic zone浮游带，远洋带profundal zone深底带，深水层littoral zone沿岸带，滨海带 limnetic zone湖沼带，湖泊透光层intertidal zone潮间带acclimation驯化（指在实验条件下诱发的生理补偿机制，一般需时较短）acclimatisation驯化（指在自然环境条件下所诱发的生理补偿机制，通常需时较长）acquired character获得性状inheritance of acquired characters获得性状遗传adaptation适应（指生物的形态结构和生理机能与其赖以生存的一定环境条件相适应的现象）adaptive peak适应峰adaptive suite适应组合（生物对一组特定环境条件的适应必定会表现出彼此之间的相互关联性的协同适应特性）aerodynamic method空气动力法（用于测定初级生产量）aestivation夏眠 hibernation冬眠torpor 蛰伏（对恒温动物而言）diapause滞育(指某些昆虫的发育停滞) dormancy休眠age distribution年龄分布age pyramid年龄金字塔，年龄锥体age structure年龄结构increasing population增长型种群stable population稳定型种群declining population衰退型种群agglomerative method归并法agonistic behavior争斗行为altruism利他主义、利他行为（指一个个体牺牲自我而使社群整体或其他个体获得利益的行为）communication通讯行为courtship behavior求偶行为ingestive behavior索食行为parental behavior双亲行为social behavior社群行为territorial behavior领域行为atavism返祖现象atavistic regeneration返祖性再生allele等位基因allelopathy他感作用、克生作用（某些植物分泌一些有害物质，阻止别种植物在其周围生长的现象）allelopathic effects异种抑制效应，他感效应（指植物将其次生物质释放到周围环境中用以抑制别种生物的现象）allelopathic substances他感作用物质ammonification氨化作用（分解含氮有机物产生氨的生物学过程）mineralization矿化作用（微生物分解有机物质，释放CO2和无机物的过程）nitrification硝化作用（氨态氮被微生物氧化成亚硝酸，并进一步氧化成硝酸的过程）amphibian两栖动物reptile爬行动物mammal哺乳动物primate灵长类动物rodent啮齿动物arthropod节肢动物analogous organs同功器官homologous organs同源器官ancon sheep（短腿）安康羊Anthropoid类人猿anthropomorphism人神同性论（18～19世纪，即对社会和人类作神学的、形而上学的解释）antibiosis抗生（一种生物产生物质有害于一起生活的另一种生物）aposematic color警戒色（=warning coloration）protective coloration保护色mimicry拟态archeobacteria古细菌eubacteria真细菌Archeo-pteryx始祖鸟Ardipithecus ramidus始祖阿德猿、始祖南猿Australopithecus afarensis 阿法南猿Australopithecus南方古猿Homo habilis能人（“早期猿人”，早期人类第一阶段的代表）Homo erectus直立人（“晚期猿人或猿人”，早期人类第二阶段的代表）Homo sapiens智人（“化石智人”，早期人类第三阶段的代表，与现代人属同一个种）［人类起源发展的几个阶段］artificial ecosystem人工生态系统natural ecosystem自然生态系统technosphere工艺圈（指城市工业生态系统）agnosphere农艺圈（指农业生态系统）noosphere理智圈（Vernadsky,1945 定义为“人类按其意志、兴趣和利益而重新塑造的生物圈，即人类影响和控制的特殊生态系统”）association coefficient关联系数（表达种对之间是否关联。

生态学词汇

·生态学词汇1.abundance多度2.Acclimatization 驯化、顺应3.Adaptive radiation 辐射适应4.age—specific life table 特定年龄生命表5.Allen’s rule 艾伦法则6.association 群丛7.Bergman’s rule 伯格曼定律8.Biocoenosis 生物群落9.Biodiversity 生物多样性10.Biogeochemical cycle 生物地（球）化（学）循环11.Biological zero 生物学零度12.carnivore 肉食动物13.carrying capacity 环境容纳量14.coevolution 协同进化munity 群落16.consumption efficiency 消费效率17.convergent adaptation 趋同适应18.decomposer 分解者19.density dependent factor 密度制约因子20.density independent factor非密度制约因子21.detrital food chain 碎屑食物链22.diapause 滞育23.dominance 优势度24.dominance species 优势种25.dormancy 休眠26.ecological amplitude 生态幅27.ecological efficiency 生态效率28.ecological natality生态出生率29.ecological niche生态位30.ecotone 群落交错区31.ectotherm 外温动物32.edge effect边缘效应33.effective accumulationtemperature 有效积温34.eutrophication水体富营养化35.food chain食物链36.food web食物网37.gene pool基因库38.genetic drift遗传飘变39.grazing food chain 捕食食物链40.guild 同资源种团，共位体41.herbivore 植食动物、草食动物42.isotonic 等渗的43.keystone species 关键种w of limiting factors 限制因子法则w of the minimum 最低量法则w of tolerance 耐受性法则47.Liebig 利比希48.life form生活型49.Lindemans efficiency 林德曼效率50.MSY最大持续产量51.phenology物候学52.Population种群53.Primary consumer一级消费者54.Primary succession原生演替55.principle of competitiveexclusion竞争排斥原理56.pyramid of energy 能量椎体57.pyramid of number数量椎体58.survival curve存活曲线59.synusia 层片60.trophic level营养级61.61、xerarch succession 早生演替。

生态学与陆地生态系统专业词汇

生态学与陆地生态系统专业词汇英汉对照表absorption.吸收abundance n.丰度abundance ratio丰度比aerophyte n.附生植物air current 气流airdry weight 风干重量airslake vt.风化algea n.藻类, 海藻alpine vegetation高山植被anandrous adj.无雄蕊的anatomise v.解剖, 解析animalcule 微生物anthotaxy /n./植/花序anthropogenic succession 人为演替aquatic macrophyte vegetation水生大型aquatic vegetation水生植物群(落)arbor /5B:b[/ n. 乔木arctic grassland北极草地aridity n.干旱; 贫瘠, 荒芜,干燥性association 群从autoecious adj.[植] 寄生的,(雌雄)异苞同株autotrophic organism 自养生物azotobacteria;hitrgenfixing 固氮作用azotobaction nitrogenfixation 固氮菌bark n.树皮bed rock 基岩billabong n.死水，洼地blue－green algae 蓝藻broadleaf n.阔叶烟草, 阔叶树bud n.芽, 蓓蕾vi.发芽, 萌芽camellia n.[植]茶属, 茶花, 山茶camphor n.[化]樟脑,樟category 种类cay 珊瑚礁chamaephyt 地上芽植物chlorophyll 叶绿素climatic climax vegetation气候顶极植被climatogenic succession 气候性演替climax 演替顶级climax vegetation顶极植被climber n.【植】攀缘植物closed vegetation郁闭植被cloudage n.云量unlight 日照clump n.土块v.丛生coenotype群落类型community n. (生物)群落comparability 相似性component n.成分adj.组成的, 构成的conifer forest 针叶林coniform adj.圆锥形的corrade v.侵蚀craggedness n.陡峭, 崎岖crown of a tree 树冠crust vegetation【生态】结皮植被cupule [5kju:pju:l] n.杯状凹, 壳斗, 吸盘demonstrator 指示性dicotyledon n.双子叶植物difference in temperature 温差dominance 优势种downy adj.绒毛的, 柔和的, 多丘岗的, 丘原的ecological age 生态年龄ecological balance 生态平衡ecological indicator生态指示种ecological stability 生态稳定性ecological succession生态演替ecotype n. /生/生态型effective radiation 有效辐射ellipse n.[数]椭圆, 椭圆形environmental gradient 环境梯度epal n.【植】萼片epiphytic vegetation附生植被eucalypt n.[植]桉树fecundation n.受胎作用, 受精, 受胎flora n. 植物群(某一地区或某一时代的一切植物)植物区系; 植物志florescence n.开花, 开花期forest vegetation森林植物群落framework 组织frigid zone 寒带fungoid n.菌类genus n.种, 类geophytes n.地下芽植物geographic distribution地理分布germ n.微生物, 细菌germinate vi. 发芽, 发育gradient 梯度grass n.【植】禾本科植物grassland n. 草原, 草地, 牧场grassland vegetation草本植被ground vegetation地面植被groundling n. 匍匐植物habitat 生境halophytic vegetation盐生植物hectare n.公顷（等于1万平方米）herbaceous 草本的herbaceous aquatic vegetation草本水生植被herbage n.草本, 草heterotrophy 【生】异养(性)hill n.小山, 丘陵, 斜坡, 山岗humus n.腐殖质hungriness n.饥饿, 荒漠, 渴望hydrophilous vegetation喜水植被indicator vegetation指示植被inlay n.镶嵌intrazonal vegetation隐域植被isotherm n.[地球物理]等温线kittul n.[植] 棕榈leaf layer叶层leaf stalk叶柄sliane n.[植] (=liana) 藤本植物, 蔓生植物liane n./植/ 藤本植物, 蔓生植物lichen 地衣苔藓lichen vegetation地衣植被life intensity 生活强度lowland n.低地magnolia n.木兰, 玉兰类的mangrove vegetation红树植被marine vegetation海洋植物群(落) maritime vegetation海岸植被matted vegetation铺地植被meadow n. 草甸, 草地, 牧场;mesophyll 叶肉monsoon n.季候风, (印度等地的)雨季，季风native vegetation原生植被; 乡土植被nectar gland 蜜腺net Productivity 净生产力nitrate plant 硝盐植物nitrobacteria 硝化细菌noxious aquatic vegetation有毒水生植物群落open vegetation开阔植被ovary n.子房ovule n.胚珠, 卵子parasitic 寄生的peel off 剥落petan.【植】花瓣photosynthesis 光合作用phreatophyte n.[植]( 根深达地下潜水层的) 地下水湿生植物phyllome n. 【植】叶丛; 初始叶;叶原physiological drought 生理干旱phytocoenosis 植物群落pollen n.花粉prairie vegetation草原植被precipitation rain fall 雨量prematurity n.早熟, 过早, 早开花primary production 第一性生产primary succession 原生演替productivity 生产力（率）protist 原生生物pyiogenic succession 火成演替quama n.鳞片, 鳞, 鳞状物recent vegetation现代植被redox 氧化还原regeneration of vegetation 植被再生relative humidity 相对湿度reproduce vi.繁殖, 生殖robur n.[植] 栎树(一种中大型的乔木)root system 根系rosebush n.蔷薇, 灌木sand dune n.[地]沙丘saturation [n] 使饱和，secondary environment次生环境secondary forest 次生林sedge n.[植]莎草shrubbery n.灌木, 灌木林shrubbery mass 灌木群social dominance 群落优势sparseness n.稀疏, 稀少spicebus n.[植]山胡椒, 洋腊梅,stable vegetation【生态】稳定植被straitness n.狭, 狭窄, 狭隘structure 结构submerged vegetation沉水植被substrate ,[生]基质succession 演替succession of community 群落演替summergreen broad-leaf forest 夏绿阔叶林supplant vt.排挤掉, 代替swamp n.沼泽, 湿地,swampland n. 沼泽地temperate grassland温带草原temperate zone n.[地]温带texture n. 质地；纹理;结构；构造theca n.[动][解]囊, 膜, 鞘thorn n.[植]刺, 棘, 荆棘topsoil 上层土，表层土transition n.转变, 转换, 跃迁, 过渡, 变调tropic n.[天](天球的)回归线, 热带tundra n.苔原, 冻土地带turves n.泥炭unstable vegetation不稳定植被upgrowth n.生长, 发育, 发达, 成长物upland grassland高原草原vegetable cover 植物覆盖层vegetation n.[植]植被, (总称)植物、草木vegetation period 植物生长期viviparity n.胎生, 母体发芽water table 潜水面waxen adj.蜡的, 蜡制的, 似蜡的, 柔weathering n.侵蚀, 风化woody 木本的xeromorphic vegetation旱生植被zonal vegetation显域植被, 地带性植被absorption.吸收adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应,amino acid氨基酸, 胺anther.花粉囊autotrophic organism自养生物autotrophic plant自养植物autotrophism 自然氧化biochemistry 生化breath.呼吸, 气息carbon element碳素coenosium群落coenotype群落类型corolla花冠dormancy睡眠, 冬眠ecology 生态学entomoplily[植]虫媒environmental factors环镜因素enzyme[生化]酶fungorum真菌状的,geographic distribution地理分布halophyte盐土植物heliophyte阳生植物heterotroph[生]异养生物homolohydric plant定水植物horny substance 角质hygrophyte湿生植物idiotrophic自养型illumination conditions 光照条件infiltrate渗透inflorescence开花, [植]花, 花序intimidate 胁迫malacophyllous xerophyte软叶植物mesophyte.[植]中生植物metabolism.新陈代谢, 变形metallophyte[生化]金属蛋白moisture content水分net illumination 净光合作用net productivity 净生产力nitrobacteria.硝化细菌perianth [植] 花被photochemical action 光化作用Photosynthesis 光合作用physiology 生理学phytochrome[生化](植物的)光敏色素pistil雌蕊poikilohydric plant变水植物pollination授粉pore气孔protoplasm [生]原生saturation point 开花, [植]花, 花序饱和点sciophyte[植]阴地植物sclerophyllous xerophyte硬叶植物shrub layer灌木层shrubbery灌木丛灌木群shrub灌木, 灌木丛stamen雄蕊, 雄性花蕊stigma (植物)柱头stipule[植]托叶succulent肉质植物terrestrial 陆地transpire 蒸发water potential 水势xerophyte plant旱生植物zonality地带分布。

自然环境类雅思词汇优选份

自然环境类雅思词汇优选份自然环境类雅思词汇 1ecology n. 生态学devastate vt. 毁坏,使震惊devastation n. 破坏, 劫掠vegetation n. 植物,草木,(植物)生长eradication n.连根拔除,根除eliminate v. 除去,排除,剔除[计算机] 消除inspection n. 检查,视察bacteria n. (复数)细菌rainfall n. 降雨，降雨量profound adj. 极深的,深奥的,深厚的,严重的implication n. 暗示,含意terrace n. 平台,阳台,梯田v. 使成阶地,使成梯田vt. 使成梯田surveyor n. 测量员(检查员)channel n. 通道,频道,海峡,方法vt. 引导,开导,形成河道,输送silicon n. 硅exploration n. 探险,踏勘,探测astronaut n. 宇航员astronomy n. 天文学invasive adj. 侵入的, 侵略性的, 攻击性的preservation n. 保存disastrous adj. 灾难性的catastrophe n. 大灾难,大祸,彻底失败contaminate vt. 弄脏,污染chemical adj. 化学的n. 化学制品climate n. 气候, 风气, 气氛dispose vt. 倾向于,处置vi. 销毁erosion n. 腐蚀,侵蚀deforestation n. 森林开伐, 滥伐森林emission n. 发射, 射出, 发行greenhouse n. 温室, 暖房fossil fuel 矿物燃料blaze n. 火焰,烈火vi. 燃烧,发光vt. 燃烧,宣布,在树皮上刻痕,领导,开拓conflagration n. 大火灾, 大火, 突发consumption n. 消费wildlife n. 野生动物volcano n. 火山iceberg n. 冰山, 冷若冰山的人waterfall n. 瀑布equator n. 赤道ecosystem n. 生态系统flooding n. 泛滥, [医]产后出血adj. 泛滥的动词flood的现在分词形式artificial adj. 人造的,虚伪的,武断的fertility n. 肥沃, 丰饶, 生产力fertilise vt. =fertilizespectacular adj. 壮观的, 令人惊叹的n. 惊人之举, 壮观的表演或影视作品lunar adj. 月亮的.,阴历的,银的Celsius adj. 摄氏的Fahrenheit adj. 华氏的n. 华氏温度计horizon n. 地平线;视野;眼界landmark n. 陆标, 划时代的事, 地界标terrestrial adj. 地球的;陆地的，[生物] 陆生的;人间的n. 陆地生物;地球上的人marine n. (海军)士兵或军官, 海景画adj. 海的,海事的,船舶的,航海的shortage n. 不足,缺少irrigation n. 灌溉drought n. 干旱Antarctica n. 南极洲polar adj. 两极的,南辕北辙的,极地的n. 极线,极性carbon dioxide 二氧化碳ultraviolet adj. 紫外线的n.紫外线reef n. 暗礁, 收缩帆部份。

生态学相关英语词汇

生态学相关英语词汇acid rain酸雨afforestation植树造林algae梅藻amphibian两栖类的，两栖动物balance of nature生态平衡bio-diversity生物多样性biosphere生物圈CFCs氟利昂decibel分贝deforestation采伐森林desertification土地沙漠化domestic sewage生活污水ecocide生态灭绝eco-friendy良好的环境eco-label生态标志ecological condition生态环境ecologist生态学家ecology生态学．对环境的科学研究ecosystem生态系，生态系统eco-tourist生态旅游；生态旅游业effluent流出物，排除物environmentalist环境工作者；环境问题专家fauna动物群flora植物群fumes有毒的废气global warming全球变暖green groups绿色环保组织greenhouse effect温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射mammal哺乳动物noxious有毒的nucleic acid(生物)核酸ozone hole臭氧洞ozone layer臭氧层photosynthesis光合作用plankton(总称)浮游动物p0Ilufion index污染指数polymer聚合物refuse垃圾、废物sewage污水sewage disposal污水处理sewage plant污水处理厂sewage purification污水净化soil pollution土壤污染solid waste固体垃圾stratosphere同温层ultraviolet radiation紫外线辐射wipe out a species物种灭绝。

生态学英语词汇-EcologyEnglish

生态学英语词汇-EcologyEnglish生态学词汇生态学ecologyhigher education press 高等教育出版社textbook series for 21st century 面向21世纪课程教材biosphere 生物圈economics 经济学the economy of Nature 自然经济molecular ecology 分子生态学evolutionary ecology 进化生态学autecology 个体生态学physiological ecology 生理生态学population ecology 种群生态学community ecology 群落生态学ecosystem ecology 生态系统生态学landscape ecology 景观生态学global ecology 全球生态学terrestrial ecology 陆地生态学marine ecology 海洋生态学freshwater ecology 淡水生态学island ecology 岛屿生态学urban ecology 城市生态学restoration ecology 恢复生态学engineering ecology 生态工程学human ecology 人类生态学ecological ethics 生态伦理学ecology of plants 植物生态学environment 环境space environment 宇宙环境global environment 地球环境geoenvironment 地理环境regional environment 区域环境microenvironment 微环境inner environment 内环境ecological factors 生态因子ecological environment 生态环境habitat 生境fitness 适合度homeostasis 内稳态homeostatic organisms 内稳态生物non-homeostatic organisms 非内稳态生物eitiolation phenomenon 黄化现象mytilus 贻贝macrosiphum 蚜虫thertnoperiodism 温周期现象phenology 物候学torpor 冬眠dispause 滞育population 种群population genetics 群体遗传学density 密度number 数目unitary organism 单体生物modular organism 构件生物module 构件natality 出生率mortality 死亡率sex ratio 性比age distribution 年龄分布life table 生命表survivorship curve 存活曲线cohort 同生群innate rate of increase 内禀增长率density-independent growth 与密度无关的增长per capitagrowth rate 每员增长率instantaneous rate of increase 瞬时增长率Logistic equation 逻辑斯谛方程maximum sustained yield 最大持续产量ecological invasion 生态入侵spatial pattern 空间格局internal distribution pattern 内分布型uniform 均匀型random 随机型clumped 成群型two dimentional net function interpolation method 二维网函数插值法threeterm local variance analysis 三项轨迹方差法hierarchical analysis of variance 等级方差分析法enigration 迁出immigration 迁入migration 迁移architecture 建筑学结构life history 生活史life cycle 生活周期traits 遗传特性development 发育growth 生长vegetative propagation 营养繁殖spore reproduction 孢子生殖sexual reproduction 有性生殖asexual reproduction 无性生殖exogenous migration 外因性迁移endogenous migration 内因性迁移reproductive effort 繁殖成效present reproductive value 剩余繁殖价值parental investment 亲本投资principle of allocation 分配原理reproductive costs 繁殖成本reproductive patterns 繁殖格局semelparity 一次繁殖生物iteroparity 多次繁殖生物lifespan 生命年限lifetime 寿命r-strategistis r-策略者opportunist 机会主义者conservatism 保守主义ruderal 杂草competition 竞争stress 胁迫selective fertilization 选择受精sexual selection 性选择ornamentation 修饰coloration 色泽courtship behavior 求偶行为sexual dimorphism 雌雄二形the descent of man selection in relation to sex 人类的由来及性选择intraspecific relationship 种内关系interspecific relationship 种间关系positive interaction 正相互作用negative interaction 负相互作用density effect 密度效应the effect of neighbours 邻接效应density independent 非密度制约density dependent 密度制约self-thinning 自疏现象faculative parthenogenesis 兼性孤雌生殖polygyny threshold 多配偶阈值monogamy 单配偶制polygamy 多配偶制polygany 一雄多雌制polyandry 一雌多雄制territory 领域social group 社群territorial behavior 领域行为territoriality 领域性social hierachy 社会等级dominant-submissive 支配-从属ferulic acid 阿魏酸vanillic acid 香草酸niche 生态位spatial niche 空间生态位trophic niche 营养生态位fundamental niche 基础生态位realized niche 实际生态位hypervolume 超体积habitat 生境predation 捕食作用prey 被捕食者predator 捕食者community 群落biocoenosis 生物群落ecotone 群落交错区phytocoenology 植物群落学geobotany 地植物学phytosociology 植物社会学pioneer stage 先锋阶段climax stage 顶极阶段individualistic concept 个体论概念constructive species 建群种subdominant 亚优势种companion species 伴生种rare species 偶见种abundance 多度dominant 优势abundant 丰盛frequent 常见occasional 偶见rare 稀少very rare 很少relative density 相对密度density ratio 密度比coverage 盖度cover ratio 盖度比frequency 频度frequency diagram 频度图解law of frequency 频度定律height 高度weight 重量。

(完整版)生态学(双语)专业英语单词

K-对策者 K-strategistisn维超体积资源空间 n—dimensional hyper—volume n维生态位 n—dimensional nicheRaunkiaer定律 Law of Frequencyr-对策者 r—strategistis奥陶纪 Ordovician period白垩土草地 chalk grassland斑块 patch斑块性 patchiness斑块性种群 patchy population半荒漠 semi—desert半矩阵或星系图 constellation diagrams伴生种 companion species饱和密度 saturation density饱和期 asymptotic phase保护哲学 conservation philosophy北方针叶林 northern conifer forest被动取样假说 passive sampling hypothesis本能 instinct本能行为 instinctive behavior避敌 avoiding predator边缘效应 edge effect变异性 variability标志重捕法 mark recapture methods标准频度图解 frequency diagram表现型适应 phenotypic adaptation并行的 simultaneous并行同源 paralogy捕食 predation不重叠的 non-overlapping残存斑块 remnant patch残余廊道 remnant corridor操作性条件作用 operant conditioning草原生态系统 grassland system层次性结构 hierachical structure产卵和取食促进剂 oviposition and feeding stimulant 产业生态学 industry ecology长日照植物 long day plant超体积生态位 hyper—volume niche成本外摊 externalized cost程序化死亡 programmed cell death尺度效应 scaling effect抽彩式竞争 competive lottery臭氧层破坏 ozone layer destruction出生率 natality或birth rate初级生产 primary production初级生产力 primary productivity初级生产者 primary producer传感器 sensor串行的 serial垂直结构 vertical structure春化 vernalization次级生产 secondary production次级生产力 secondary productivity次生演替 secondary successon粗密度 crude density存活曲线 survival curve存活值 survival value存在度 presence搭载效应 hitchhiking effect大陆—岛屿型复合种群 mainland—island metapopulation 带状廊道 strip corridor单联 single linkage单体生物 unitary organism单位努力捕获量 catch per unit effort单元的 monothetic淡水生态系统 fresh water ecosystem氮循环 nitrogen cycling等级（系统）理论 hierarchy theory等级的 hierarchical底内动物 infauna底栖动物 benthos地表火 surface fire地带性生物群落 biome地理信息系统 geographic information system地面芽植物 hemicryptophytes地上芽植物 chamaephytes地植物学 geobotany第三纪 Tetiary period第四纪 Quaternary period点突变 genic mutation或point mutation电荷耦合器 charge coupled device, CCD顶极阶段 climax stage顶极群落 climax community顶极种 climax species动态率模型 dynamic pool model动态平衡理论 dynamic equilibrium theory动态生命表 dynamic life table动物痕迹的计数 counts of animal signs动物计数 counts of animals冻原 tundra短日照植物 short day plant断层 gaps多波段光谱扫描仪 multichannel spectrum scanner, MSS 多度 abundance多样化 variety多元的 poly thetic厄尔尼诺El Nino反馈feedback反射reflex泛化种generalist防卫行为defennce behavior访花昆虫flower visitor非等级的non-hierarchical非空间模型non—spatial model非内稳态生物non-homeostatic organism非平衡态复合种群nonequilibrium metapopulation非平衡态跟踪生境复合种群nonequilibrium habitat—tracking metapopulation非平衡态下降复合种群nonequilibrium declining metapopulation非生态位non-niche非生物环境physical environment非线性关系nonlinear分布dispersion分解者decomposer分支过程branching process分子分类学molecular taxonomy分子进化的中性理论the neutral theory of molecular evolution分子生态学molecular ecology分子系统学molecular systematics浮游动物plankton负反馈negative feedback）负荷量carrying capacity负相互作用negative interaction负选择negative selection附底动物epifauna复合种群metapopulation富营养化现象eutrohication改良relamation盖度coverage盖度比cover ratio干扰disturbance干扰斑块disturbance patch干扰廊道disturbance corridor干扰作用interference高度height高斯假说Coarse's hypothesis高斯理论Coarse’s theory高位芽植物phanerophytes格林威尔造山运动Grenville Orogenesis 个体individual个体论概念individualistic concept更新renewal功能生态位functional niche攻击行为aggressive behavior构件modules构件生物modular organism关键种keystone species关联系数association coefficients光饱和点light saturation point光补偿点light compensation point光周期photoperiod过滤器filter哈德-温伯格原理Hardy-Weinberg principle 海洋生态系统Ocean ecosytem寒武纪Cambrian period旱生植物siccocolous河流廊道river corridor恒有度contancy红树林mangrove呼吸量respiration互利mutualism互利素synomone互利作用synomonal化感作用allelopathy化学防御chemical defence化学生态学chemical ecology化学物质allelochemicals化学隐藏chemocryptic划分的divisive环境environment环境伦理学environmental ethics环境容纳量environmental carryin capacity环境资源斑块environmental resource patch环境资源廊道environmental resource corridor 荒漠desert荒漠化desertification荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem黄化现象eitiolation phenomenon恢复生态学restoration ecology混沌学chaos混合型mixed type活动库exchange pool获得性行为acquired behavior机体论学派organismic school基础生态位Fundamental niche基质matrix极点排序法polar ordination集群型clumped寄生parasitism加速期accelerating phase价值value价值流value flow间接排序indirect ordination间接梯度分析indirect gradiant analysis减速期decelerating phase简单聚合法lumping碱性植物alkaline soil plant建群种constructive species接触化学感觉contact chemoreception解磷菌或溶磷菌Phosphate—solubiIizing Microorganisms, PSM 进化适应evolutionary adaptation经典型复合种群classic metapopulation经济密度economic density景观landscape景观格局landscape patten景观过程模型process based landscape model景观结构landscape structure景观空间动态模型spatial dynamic landscape model景观生态学landscape ecology净初级生产量net primary production竞争competition竞争排斥原理competition exclusion principle静态生命表static life table局部种群local population距离效应distance effect聚合的agglomerative均匀型uniform菌根mycorrhiza抗毒素phytoalexins可持续发展sustainable development 空间结构spatial structure空间模型spatial model空间生态位spatial niche空间异质性spatial heterogeneity 库pool矿产资源mineral resources廊道corridor离散性discrete利己素allomone利己作用allomona利他行为altruism利他作用kairomonal连续体continuum联想学习associative learning猎食行为hunting behavior林冠火crown fire磷循环phosphorus cycling零假说null hypothesis领悟学习insight learning领域性territoriality流flow绿色核算green accounting逻辑斯谛方程logistic equation铆钉假说Rivet hypothesis密度density密度比density ratio密度制约死亡density－dependent mortality 面积效应area effect灭绝extinction铭记imprinting模拟hametic模型modeling牧食食物链grazing food chain内禀增长率intrinsic rate of increase内稳态homeostasis内稳态生物homeostatic organisms内源性endogenous内在的intrinsic耐阴植物shade－enduring plants能量分配原则principle of energy allocation 能量流动energy flow能源资源energy resources能值emergy泥盆纪Devonian period拟寄生parasitoidism逆分析inverse analysis年龄分布age distribution年龄结构age structure年龄性别锥体age—sex pyramid年龄锥体age pyramids偶见种rare species排序ordination配额quota配偶选择mate selection偏害amensalism偏利commensalism频度frequency平衡选择balancing selection平台plantform平行进化parallel evolution栖息地habitat期望值外推法extrapolation by expected value 气候驯化acclimatisation器官organs亲本投资parental investment亲族选择kin selection趋光性phototaxis趋化性chemotaxis趋同进化convergent evolution趋性taxis趋异进化divergent evolution趋异适应radiation adaptation取食促进剂oviposition and feeding stimulant 取样调查法sampling methods去除取样法removal sampling全联法complete linkage全球global全球变暖global warnning全球定位系统global Positioning System全球生态学global ecology确限度fidelity群丛association群丛单位理论association unit theory群丛组association group群落community群落的垂直结构vertical structure群落生态学community ecology群落水平格局horizontal pattern群落外貌physiognomy群落演替succession群系formation群系组formation group热带旱生林tropical dry forest热带季雨林tropical seasonal rainforest热带稀树草原tropical savanna热带雨林tropical rainforest热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 人工斑块introduced patch人工廊道introduced corridor人口调查法cencus technique人口统计学human demography日中性植物day neutral plant冗余redundancy冗余种假说Redundancy species hypothesis三叠纪Triassic period森林生态系统forest ecosystem熵值entropy value上渐线upper asymptotic社会性防卫行为defence behavior社会优势等级dominance hierarchy摄食行为feed behavior生活史life history生活史对策life history strategy生活小区biotope生活型life form生活周期life cycle生境habitat生境多样性假说habitat diversity hypothesis 生理出生率physiological natality生理死亡率physiological mortality生命表life table生态出生率ecological natality生态对策bionomic strategy生态反作用ecological reaction生态幅ecological amplitude生态工程ecological engineering生态工业ecological industry生态规划ecological planning生态恢复ecological restoration生态经济ecological economics生态旅游ecotourism生态密度ecological density生态农业ecological agriculture生态入侵ecological invasion生态设计ecological design生态适应ecological adaptation生态死亡率ecological mortality生态位niche生态位宽度niche breadth生态位相似性比例niche proportional similarity 生态位重叠niche overlap生态文明ecological civilization生态系统ecosystem生态系统产品ecosystem goods生态系统多样性ecosystem diversity生态系统服务ecosystem service生态系统生态学ecosystem ecology生态系统学ecosystemology生态型ecotype生态学ecology生态因子ecological factor生态元ecological unit生态作用ecological effect生物organism生物地球化学循环biogecochemical cycle生物多样性biodiversity生物量biomass生物潜能biotic potential生物群落biotic community,biome生物群落演替succession生殖潜能reproductive potential剩余空间residual space失共生aposymbiosis湿地wetland湿地生态系统wetland ecosystem湿地植物hygrophyte时间结构temporal structure实际出生率realized natality实际死亡率realized mortality食草动物herbivores食肉动物carnivores食物链food chain食物网food wed矢量vector适合度fitness适应辐射adaptive radiation适应值adaptive value适应组合adaptive suites收获理论harvest theory收益外泄externalized profit衰退型种群contracting population 水平格局horizontal pattern水土流失soil and water erosion 水循环water cycling瞬时增长率instantaneous rate死亡率mortality & death rate松散垂直耦连loose vertical coupling松散水平耦连loose horizontal coupling溯祖过程coalescent process溯祖理论coalescent theory酸性土理论acid soil plant酸雨acid rain随机型random碎屑食物链detritus food chainK-对策者K—strategistisn维超体积资源空间n-dimensional hyper—volume n维生态位n—dimensional nicheRaunkiaer定律Law of Frequencyr—对策者r-strategistis奥陶纪Ordovician period白垩土草地chalk grassland斑块patch斑块性patchiness斑块性种群patchy population半荒漠semi-desert半矩阵或星系图constellation diagrams伴生种companion species饱和密度saturation density饱和期asymptotic phase保护哲学conservation philosophy北方针叶林northern conifer forest被动取样假说passive sampling hypothesis本能instinct本能行为instinctive behavior避敌avoiding predator边缘效应edge effect变异性variability标志重捕法mark recapture methods标准频度图解frequency diagram表现型适应phenotypic adaptation并行的simultaneous并行同源paralogy捕食predation不重叠的non—overlapping残存斑块remnant patch残余廊道remnant corridor操作性条件作用operant conditioning草原生态系统grassland system层次性结构hierachical structure产卵和取食促进剂oviposition and feeding stimulant 产业生态学industry ecology长日照植物long day plant超体积生态位hyper—volume niche成本外摊externalized cost程序化死亡programmed cell death尺度效应scaling effect抽彩式竞争competive lottery臭氧层破坏ozone layer destruction出生率natality或birth rate初级生产primary production初级生产力primary productivity初级生产者primary producer传感器sensor串行的serial垂直结构vertical structure春化vernalization次级生产secondary production次级生产力secondary productivity次生演替secondary successon粗密度crude density存活曲线survival curve存活值survival value存在度presence搭载效应hitchhiking effect大陆—岛屿型复合种群mainland-island metapopulation 带状廊道strip corridor单联single linkage单体生物unitary organism单位努力捕获量catch per unit effort单元的monothetic淡水生态系统fresh water ecosystem氮循环nitrogen cycling等级(系统)理论hierarchy theory等级的hierarchical底内动物infauna底栖动物benthos地表火surface fire地带性生物群落biome地理信息系统geographic information system 地面芽植物hemicryptophytes地上芽植物chamaephytes地植物学geobotany第三纪Tetiary period第四纪Quaternary period点突变genic mutation或point mutation电荷耦合器charge coupled device， CCD顶极阶段climax stage顶极群落climax community顶极种climax species动态率模型dynamic pool model动态平衡理论dynamic equilibrium theory动态生命表dynamic life table动物痕迹的计数counts of animal signs动物计数counts of animals冻原tundra短日照植物short day plant断层gaps多波段光谱扫描仪multichannel spectrum scanner， MSS多度abundance多样化variety多元的poly thetic厄尔尼诺El Nino反馈feedback反射reflex泛化种generalist防卫行为defennce behavior访花昆虫flower visitor非等级的non-hierarchical非空间模型non—spatial model非内稳态生物non-homeostatic organism非平衡态复合种群nonequilibrium metapopulation非平衡态跟踪生境复合种群nonequilibrium habitat—tracking metapopulation非平衡态下降复合种群nonequilibrium declining metapopulation非生态位non-niche非生物环境physical environment非线性关系nonlinear分布dispersion分解者decomposer分支过程branching process分子分类学molecular taxonomy分子进化的中性理论the neutral theory of molecular evolution 分子生态学molecular ecology分子系统学molecular systematics浮游动物plankton负反馈negative feedback）负荷量carrying capacity负相互作用negative interaction负选择negative selection附底动物epifauna复合种群metapopulation富营养化现象eutrohication改良relamation盖度coverage盖度比cover ratio干扰disturbance干扰斑块disturbance patch干扰廊道disturbance corridor干扰作用interference高度height高斯假说Coarse’s hypothes is高斯理论Coarse's theory高位芽植物phanerophytes格林威尔造山运动Grenville Orogenesis个体individual个体论概念individualistic concept更新renewal功能生态位functional niche攻击行为aggressive behavior构件modules构件生物modular organism关键种keystone species关联系数association coefficients光饱和点light saturation point光补偿点light compensation point光周期photoperiod过滤器filter哈德-温伯格原理Hardy—Weinberg principle 海洋生态系统Ocean ecosytem寒武纪Cambrian period旱生植物siccocolous河流廊道river corridor恒有度contancy红树林mangrove呼吸量respiration互利mutualism互利素synomone互利作用synomonal化感作用allelopathy化学防御chemical defence化学生态学chemical ecology化学物质allelochemicals化学隐藏chemocryptic划分的divisive环境environment环境伦理学environmental ethics环境容纳量environmental carryin capacity环境资源斑块environmental resource patch环境资源廊道environmental resource corridor 荒漠desert荒漠化desertification荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem黄化现象eitiolation phenomenon恢复生态学restoration ecology混沌学chaos混合型mixed type活动库exchange pool获得性行为acquired behavior机体论学派organismic school基础生态位Fundamental niche基质matrix极点排序法polar ordination集群型clumped寄生parasitism加速期accelerating phase价值value价值流value flow间接排序indirect ordination间接梯度分析indirect gradiant analysis减速期decelerating phase简单聚合法lumping碱性植物alkaline soil plant建群种constructive species接触化学感觉contact chemoreception解磷菌或溶磷菌Phosphate-solubiIizing Microorganisms， PSM 进化适应evolutionary adaptation经典型复合种群classic metapopulation经济密度economic density景观landscape景观格局landscape patten景观过程模型process based landscape model景观结构landscape structure景观空间动态模型spatial dynamic landscape model 景观生态学landscape ecology净初级生产量net primary production竞争competition竞争排斥原理competition exclusion principle静态生命表static life table局部种群local population距离效应distance effect聚合的agglomerative均匀型uniform菌根mycorrhiza抗毒素phytoalexins可持续发展sustainable development空间结构spatial structure空间模型spatial model空间生态位spatial niche空间异质性spatial heterogeneity库pool矿产资源mineral resources廊道corridor离散性discrete利己素allomone利己作用allomona利他行为altruism利他作用kairomonal连续体continuum联想学习associative learning猎食行为hunting behavior林冠火crown fire磷循环phosphorus cycling零假说null hypothesis领悟学习insight learning领域性territoriality流flow绿色核算green accounting逻辑斯谛方程logistic equation铆钉假说Rivet hypothesis密度density密度比density ratio密度制约死亡density－dependent mortality 面积效应area effect灭绝extinction铭记imprinting模拟hametic模型modeling牧食食物链grazing food chain内禀增长率intrinsic rate of increase内稳态homeostasis内稳态生物homeostatic organisms内源性endogenous内在的intrinsic耐阴植物shade－enduring plants能量分配原则principle of energy allocation 能量流动energy flow能源资源energy resources能值emergy泥盆纪Devonian period拟寄生parasitoidism逆分析inverse analysis年龄分布age distribution年龄结构age structure年龄性别锥体age-sex pyramid年龄锥体age pyramids偶见种rare species排序ordination配额quota配偶选择mate selection偏害amensalism偏利commensalism频度frequency平衡选择balancing selection平台plantform平行进化parallel evolution栖息地habitat期望值外推法extrapolation by expected value 气候驯化acclimatisation器官organs亲本投资parental investment亲族选择kin selection趋光性phototaxis趋化性chemotaxis趋同进化convergent evolution趋性taxis趋异进化divergent evolution趋异适应radiation adaptation取食促进剂oviposition and feeding stimulant 取样调查法sampling methods去除取样法removal sampling全联法complete linkage全球global全球变暖global warnning全球定位系统global Positioning System全球生态学global ecology确限度fidelity群丛association群丛单位理论association unit theory群丛组association group群落community群落的垂直结构vertical structure群落生态学community ecology群落水平格局horizontal pattern群落外貌physiognomy群落演替succession群系formation群系组formation group热带旱生林tropical dry forest热带季雨林tropical seasonal rainforest热带稀树草原tropical savanna热带雨林tropical rainforest热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 人工斑块introduced patch人工廊道introduced corridor人口调查法cencus technique人口统计学human demography日中性植物day neutral plant冗余redundancy冗余种假说Redundancy species hypothesis三叠纪Triassic period森林生态系统forest ecosystem熵值entropy value上渐线upper asymptotic社会性防卫行为defence behavior社会优势等级dominance hierarchy摄食行为feed behavior生活史life history生活史对策life history strategy生活小区biotope生活型life form生活周期life cycle生境habitat生境多样性假说habitat diversity hypothesis 生理出生率physiological natality生理死亡率physiological mortality生命表life table生态出生率ecological natality生态对策bionomic strategy生态反作用ecological reaction生态幅ecological amplitude生态工程ecological engineering生态工业ecological industry生态规划ecological planning生态恢复ecological restoration生态经济ecological economics生态旅游ecotourism生态密度ecological density生态农业ecological agriculture生态入侵ecological invasion生态设计ecological design生态适应ecological adaptation生态死亡率ecological mortality生态位niche生态位宽度niche breadth生态位相似性比例niche proportional similarity 生态位重叠niche overlap生态文明ecological civilization生态系统ecosystem生态系统产品ecosystem goods生态系统多样性ecosystem diversity生态系统服务ecosystem service生态系统生态学ecosystem ecology生态系统学ecosystemology生态型ecotype生态学ecology生态因子ecological factor生态元ecological unit生态作用ecological effect生物organism生物地球化学循环biogecochemical cycle 生物多样性biodiversity生物量biomass生物潜能biotic potential生物群落biotic community，biome生物群落演替succession生殖潜能reproductive potential剩余空间residual space失共生aposymbiosis湿地wetland湿地生态系统wetland ecosystem湿地植物hygrophyte时间结构temporal structure实际出生率realized natality实际死亡率realized mortality食草动物herbivores食肉动物carnivores食物链food chain食物网food wed矢量vector适合度fitness适应辐射adaptive radiation适应值adaptive value适应组合adaptive suites收获理论harvest theory收益外泄externalized profit衰退型种群contracting population水平格局horizontal pattern水土流失soil and water erosion水循环water cycling瞬时增长率instantaneous rate死亡率mortality ＆ death rate松散垂直耦连loose vertical coupling松散水平耦连loose horizontal coupling溯祖过程coalescent process溯祖理论coalescent theory酸性土理论acid soil plant酸雨acid rain随机型random碎屑食物链detritus food chainK—对策者K—strategistisn维超体积资源空间n—dimensional hyper—volume n维生态位n—dimensional nicheRaunkiaer定律Law of Frequencyr—对策者r—strategistis奥陶纪Ordovician period白垩土草地chalk grassland斑块patch斑块性patchiness斑块性种群patchy population半荒漠semi—desert半矩阵或星系图constellation diagrams伴生种companion species饱和密度saturation density饱和期asymptotic phase保护哲学conservation philosophy北方针叶林northern conifer forest被动取样假说passive sampling hypothesis 本能instinct本能行为instinctive behavior避敌avoiding predator边缘效应edge effect。

生态学专业英语词汇总结

生态学专业英语词汇总结摘要生态学是研究生物与其所处环境之间的相互关系和作用的科学。

生态学专业是培养具有生态学基础理论和方法，能够从事生态系统管理、保护和恢复等工作的高级人才的专业。

生态学专业的本科核心课程包括基础生态学、代谢生态学、种群生态学、群落生态学、保护生物学、进化生物学、生态系统生态学和生态学研究技术等。

本文旨在为生态学专业的学习和教学提供参考。

1. 基础生态学基础生态学是介绍生态学基本概念、原理和方法的课程，主要内容包括生态系统结构和功能、能量流动和物质循环、环境因子对生物分布和适应的影响、种间关系和群落动态等。

该课程涉及的专业英语词汇如下表所示：中文英文生态学ecology生物organism种species种群population群落community生境habitat生态位niche生物多样性biodiversity物种多样性species diversity物种丰富度species richness物种均匀度species evenness物种相似性species similarity物种区系flora and fauna物种地理分布biogeography生物圈biosphere生态系统ecosystem生产者producer消费者consumer分解者decomposer能量流动energy flow物质循环nutrient cycling碳循环carbon cycle氮循环nitrogen cycle磷循环phosphorus cycle环境因子environmental factor光照light温度temperature水分moisture土壤soilpH值pH value盐度salinity适应性adaptation突变mutation自然选择natural selection遗传漂变genetic drift基因流gene flow物种形成speciation物种灭绝extinction种间关系interspecific interaction共生关系symbiosis寄生关系parasitism共利关系mutualism共栖关系commensalism捕食关系predation2. 代谢生态学代谢生态学是研究生物体在不同环境条件下的能量代谢和物质转化过程及其规律的课程，主要内容包括代谢类型、代谢率、代谢平衡、代谢效率、代谢策略等。

生态环境英语词汇

环境类词汇1.干旱Drought2.全球变暖Global warming3.温室效应Greenhouse effect4.湿度Humidity5.海平面上升Sea level rise6.人工影响天气Weather modification7.地震活动Seismic activity8.土壤Soils9.碱地Alkali lands10.污染的土地Contaminated land11.污染的土壤Contaminated soil12.沙坑Gravel pits13.荒地Heath lands14.土地承载能力Land carrying capacity15.土地污染Land pollution16.土地开垦Land reclamation17.土地恢复Land restoration18.土地使用分类Land use classification19.边缘土地Marginal lands20.沙石开采Sand extraction21.沉积Sedimentation22.土壤潜力Soil capabilities23.土壤保持Soil conservation24.土壤污染Soil contamination25.土壤退化Soil degradation26.地震监测Seismic monitoring27.火山Volcanoes28.风蚀Wind erosion29.陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS30.大气组成Atmospheric composition31.空气质量Air quality32.大气化学Atmospheric chemistry33.大气成分Atmospheric components34.whirlwind 龙卷风35.二氧化碳Carbon dioxide36.hurricane 飓风37.温室气体Greenhouse gases38.adverse weather condition 恶劣的天气状况39.typhoon 台风40.desertification 沙漠化41.sandstorm 沙尘暴42.air quality rating 空气质量评级43.cyclone 旋风44.visibility 能见度45.sand and dust weather 沙尘天气46.cold snap 寒潮47.precipitation 降雨或降雪量49.48.stormy wind 暴风50.blizzard 大风雪51.snowstorm 暴风雪52.ice rain 冻雨53.thunderstorm 雷暴54.hail/hailstone 冰雹55.frosty 霜冻56.cold spell 春寒期57.dry spell 干旱期58.drought-relief efforts 抗旱59.drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏60.drought region 干旱地区61.rain spell 雨季62.fog 浓雾63.sleet 雨夹雪；雹；冻雨64.waterspout 海上龙卷风65.Indian summer 秋老虎66.artificial precipitation/rainfall enhancement 人工增雨67.El Nino phenomenon 厄尔尼诺现象 Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜现象69.forestation 植树造林70.大气过程Atmospheric processes71.arid and semi-arid areas 干旱和半干旱地区72.topsoil 表土层73.氧气Oxygen74.臭氧层Ozone layer75.空气－水相互作用Air-water interaction76.大气环流Atmospheric circulation77.大气降水Atmospheric precipitation78.碳循环Carbon cycle79.蒸发作用Evaporation80.降水增加Precipitation enhancement81.太阳辐射Solar radiation82.蒸腾作用Transpiration83.酸雨Acid rain84.空气污染物Air pollutants85.飞灰Fly ash86.薄烟Haze87.空内空气污染Indoor air pollution88.烟雾Smog89.气候问题Climatic issues90.农业气象学Agrometeorology91.气候变化Climatic change92.气候带Climatic zones93.土壤侵蚀Soil erosion94.土壤改良Soil improvement95.土壤盐碱化Soil salination96.水蚀Water erosion97.干旱地区生态系统Arid land ecosystems98.干旱土地Arid lands99.沙漠化Desertification100.抗旱Drought control。

730个有关生态环境的英语词汇

730个有关生态环境的英语词汇(单词)a sound level a声级acid rain酸雨a containing waste a废物actinophrys sol太阳虫adaptable species适应性强的物种adsorption bio-oxidation process ab法aerosols气溶胶,气雾剂afforestation commission绿化委员会afforestation植树造林agricultural biotechnologies农业生物技术agricultural land农用土地agricultural source of water pollution水农业污染源agricultural wastes农业废物agrometeorology农业气象学air pollutants空气污染物air pollution monitoring大气污染监测air pollution prevention and control law大气污染防治法air pollution system大气污染系统air pollution空气污染air quality index；aqi大气质量指数air quality management空气质量管理air quality monitoring大气质量监测air quality空气质量air steam气流air temperature气温air-water interaction空气－水相互作用aitken nuclei爱根核alctai kanasi nature reserve阿勒泰喀纳斯自然保护区aldrin艾试剂algae藻类algal bloom藻花alkali lands碱地alpha particle粒子alpha ray a射线amphibians两栖动物anaerobic attached film expanded bed aafeb法animal behaviour动物习性animal dung as fuel动物粪便作燃料animal resources动物资源antarctic ecosystems南极生态系统antarctic region南极地区aquatic environment水生环境aquatic mammals水生哺乳动物aquatic microorganisms水生微生物aquatic plants水生植物archipelagoes群岛arctic ecosystems北极生态系统arctic region北极地区area source of water pollution水污染面源arid land ecosystems干旱地区生态系统arid lands干旱土地arthropods节肢动物artificial environment人工环境artificial immunity人工免疫artificial meteorology人工气象artificial precipitation人工降雨artificial regulation人工调整artificial reseneration人工更新artificial reverberation人工混响artificial selection人工选择asbestos石棉atmosphcric quality sandards大气质量标准atmosphere大气atmospheric chemistry大气化学atmospheric circulation大气环流atmospheric components大气成分atmospheric composition大气成分atmospheric monitoring大气监测atmospheric nuclear test大气层核试验atmospheric particulates大气颗粒物atmospheric pollution effect大气污染效应atmospheric precipitation大气降水atmospheric pressure气压atmospheric processes大气过程background survey on meteorology environment气象环境背景调查bacteria细菌battery disposal电池处理beijing declaration北京宣言benthic ecosystems海底生态系统bioethics生物伦理学biogas沼气biological diversity and protected areas生物多样性和保护区biological diversity生物多样性biological pollution of soil土壤生物污染biological pollution of water body水体生物污染biological purification of water body水体生物净化biological resources生物资源biological weapons生物武器biomass energy生物质能biomass生物量biosafety生物安全biosphere reserves生物圈保护区biotechnological issues生物技术问题biotechnologies生物技术biotopes群落生境birds鸟类botanical gardens植物园carbon cycle碳循环carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon monoxide一氧化碳catchment areas集水区caves洞穴cellulose纤维素cement industry水泥工业cfc free无氟charcoal木炭chemical decontamination化学污染清除chemical equilibrium化学平衡chemical flow化学径流chemical mechanism化学机制chemical pollutant化学污染物chemical prevention and treatment化学防治chemical purification化学净化chemical reaction化学反应chemical reagent for seal removal化学清垢剂chemical simulation化学模拟chemical treatment of waste废物的化学处理chemical treatment化学法处理chemical weapons化学武器chemical weathering rate化学风化速率chemosphere光化层chlormequat矮壮素chlorofluorocarbon含氯氟烃,简称为cfc chlorofluorocarbons氯氟碳climate气候climatic change气候变化climatic classification气候分类climatic element气候要素climatic issues气候问题climatic subdivision气候分区climatic variation气候变化climatic zones气候带climatology气候学cloning无性繁殖coal gasification煤气化coal liquefaction煤液化coal煤coastal areas沿海地区coastal development沿海开发coastal ecosystems沿海生态系统coastal environments沿海环境coastal erosion海岸侵蚀cold zone ecosystems寒带生态系统commercial noise商业噪音composite pollution混合污染comprehensive pollution index of soil土壤污染综合指数comprehensive pollution index of water quality水质综合污染指数concogcnc癌基因coniferous forests针叶林conservation of freshwater谈水保护conservation of genetic resources基因资源保护contaminated land污染的土地contaminated soil污染的土壤control of gaseous pollutants气态污染物控制coral reefs珊瑚礁cost-benefit analysis成本-效益分析critical depth of underground water地下水临界温度crop smothering草害crop waste作物废物crude oil原油crustaceans甲壳纲动物。

生态学专业术语英汉对照2

Ecology 生态学individuals 个体population 种群communities 群落ecosystems 生态系统behavioral ecology 行为生态学physiological ecology 生理生态学evolutionary ecology 进化生态学molecular ecology 分子生态学fitness 适合度natural selection 自然选择adaptation 适应genotype 基因型phenotype 表型phenotypic plasticity 表型可塑性offspring 后代genes 基因nongenetic factors 非遗传因素not inherited 不遗传conditions 条件resources 资源environmental variation 环境变异internal regulation 内调节homeostasis 稳态negative feedback 负反馈tolerance 耐受性temperature 温度not depletable 不能耗掉solar radiation 太阳辐射decouple 退耦niche 生态位habitat 栖息地multidimensional niche space 多维生态位空间Fundamental niche基础生态位Realized niche 实际生态位Prey 猎物Foraging 觅食Dimension 轴或维Global wind pattern 地球的风型The circulation of oceans 洋流Rain 降雨Havoc['hævək] 灾害Hurricane 飓风Latitude 纬度Irradiance [i'reidiəns,-si]辐射度Summer solstice 夏至Winter solstice 冬至Adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却Scale 尺度Coriolis effect 科里奥利效应Intertropical convergence zone热带辐合带Jet streams 急流Albedo 反照率Gulf stream 墨西哥湾流Lee of a continent 背风面Upwelling 上涌流Adiabatic lapse rate 绝热温度递减率Inversion 逆温Heat of condensation 凝结热Heat 热Temperature profiles温度剖面Relative humidity 相对湿度Saturated water 饱和水water vapor 水蒸汽microclimate 微气候thermal['θə:məl]conductivity 热传导chemical properties of water 水的化学特性penetration of light through water光线穿透水Energy transfer and water phases能量转化和水相Deplete 耗竭Ions 离子Electropositive 正电性的Electronegative 负电性的Beer’s law 比尔定律Heat capacity 热容量Maximum density 最大密度Latent heat of vaporization增发潜热Heat of fusion 溶解热Sublimation 升华Soil water 土壤水Field capacity 田间持水量The uptake of water by roots根对水的吸收Aquatic plants 水生植物Water availability 水的可利用性Plant productivity 植物生产力Permanent wilting point 永久萎焉点Potential evapotranspiration rate 潜在蒸发蒸腾速率Capillary pores 毛细管孔隙Resource depletion zone 资源枯竭区Halophytes 盐生植物Water balance in fish 鱼类的水平衡Amphibians 两栖类Water conservation by terrestrial animals 陆生动物的水保持Mammalian 哺乳动物Kidneys 肾脏Bladder 膀胱Beavers 河狸Osmoregulation 渗透调节Countercurrent exchange 逆流调节Hypertonic 高渗的Homeotherms 恒温动物Poikilotherms 变温动物Ectotherms 外温动物Endotherms 内温动物Temperature thresholds 温度阀Mechanisms 机理Enzyme 酶The thermoneutral zone 热中性区Dehydration 脱水Rates of development and growth发育和生长速度Acclimation and acclimatization 驯化和气候驯化Developmental threshold Temperature 发育温度阀Physiological time 生理时间Vernalization 春化Species distribution 物种分布Evolved response 进化反应Mean temperature 平均温度Isotherm 等温线Radiant energy 辐射能Photosynthesis 光合作用Efficiency of radiant energy conversion 辐射能的转换效率Changes in the intensity of radiation 辐射强度的变化Strategic and tactical response of plants to radiation 植物对辐射的战略和战术响应Compensation point 补偿点Photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）光和活性辐射Efficiency of Photosynthesis 光合作用效率Photosynthetic capacity 光合能力Diurnal and annual rhythms of solar radiation 太阳辐射日节律和年节律Resource depletion zone 资源耗竭带Strategic difference 战略差异Tactical response 战术响应Transpiration 蒸腾Net assimilation 净同化量Nutrient sources 营养物资源Nutrient budgets 营养预算Terrestrial communities 陆地群落Aquatic communities 水生群落Geochemistry 地球化学Global biogeochemical cycles 全球生物地球循环Mechanical weathering 机械风化Chemical weathering 化学腐蚀Wetfall 湿降落Dryfall 干降落Rainout component 雨水冲失成分Washout component 水冲失成分Streamflow 溪流Denitrification 脱氮Endorheic内陆湖泊Biogeochemistry 生物地球化学Hydrosphere carbon 水圈的碳Weathering 风化作用Nitrogen cycle 氮循环Phosphorus 氮Sediment 沉积型Lithospheric 岩石圈Sulfur 硫The fate of matter in the community 群落中物质的命运Producers 生产者Consumers 消费者Decomposers 分解者Autotrophs 自养生物Grazing mammals 草食哺乳动物Phytoplankton 浮游植物Zooplankton 浮游动物Bacteria 细菌Fungi 真菌Nonliving 无生命Food chains 食物链Primary and secondary production 初级和次级生产力Net Primary production 净初级生产力Aphotic zone 无光区Photic zone 透光区Primary consumers 初级消费者Secondary consumer 次级消费者Soil formation 土壤形成The soil profile 土壤剖面Primary classification：the great soil groups 主要分类：大土壤群Higher vegetation 高等植物Dynamic mixture 动态混合物Organic matter 有机质Cells 细胞Pedology 土壤学Subsoil 亚土壤Mineral soil 矿物质土壤Parent material 母质Soil series 土系Soil surveyor 土壤勘测员Succession 演替Ecosystem patterns 生态系统格局Soil horizons 土层Humic acids 腐植酸Great soil groups 土壤群Population size 种群大小Age and stage structure 年龄和时期结构Zygote 受精卵Unitary organism 单体生物Modular organism 构件生物Ramets 无性系分株Clone 无性系Genet 基株Evolutionary individuals 进化个体Immediate ecological impact 直接生态作用Stable age distribution 稳定年龄分布Age pyramid 年龄金字塔Stationary age distribution 固定的年龄分布Stage structure 时期结构Sizes classes 个体大小群Natality 出生率Mortality 死亡率Survivorship 存活率Life tables 生命表K-factor analysis k-因子分析The fecundity schedule 生殖力表Population growth 种群增长Density-independent Population growth 非密度制约性种群增长Density-dependent growth-the logistic equation 密度制约性种群增长：逻辑斯缔方程Life expectancy 生命期望Survivorship curve 存活曲线Cohort 同生群Age-specific survival rate 特定年龄存活率Key factors 关键因子Killing factor 致死因子Basic reproduction rate 基础繁殖率Carrying capacity 环境容纳量Estimating density 估计密度Mark release recapture 标记重捕法Density dependence密度制约Equilibrium population density平衡种群密度Relative density相对密度Allee effect阿利效应Exactly compensating准确补偿Undercompensating补偿不足Overcompensating过度补偿H4Population fluctuations 种群波动Chaos 混沌Expanding and contracting populations 增长种群和收缩种群Stable limit cycle 稳定极限环I1Competition 竞争Predation 捕食Parasitism 寄生Mutualism互利共生Intraspecific competition种内竞争Interspecific competition种间竞争Exploitation competition利用性竞争Interference competition干扰性竞争Cannibalism 自相残杀Altruism 利他主义Commensualism 偏利共生Amensualism偏害共生I2Dispersal扩散Territoriality领域性Niche shift生态位转移Allelopathy异株克生Competive asymmetry 竞争不对称Scramble competition争夺竞争Contest competition格斗竞争Zero net growth isocline零增长等斜线Self-thinning自疏Inbreeding近亲繁殖Reproductive value繁殖价值Leks 求偶场Competitive exclusion 竞争排斥Limiting similarity 极限相似性Competitive release 极限释放Character displacement 性状替换Apparent competition 表观竞争Enemy-free space 无敌空间Highly heterogeneous 高度异质性Gaps 断层Probability refuge 隐蔽机率J1Herbivores 食草动物Carnivores 食肉动物Omnivores 杂食动物Chemical defences 化学防御Behavioral strategies 行为对策Specialists 特化种Generalist 泛化种Monophagous单食者Oligophagous寡食者Polyphagous 多食者Parasites 寄生者J2Predator switching 捕食者转换Profitability of prey 猎物收益率Plant defence 植物防御The ideal free distribution 理想自由分布Functional response 功能反应Superpredation 超捕食K1Parasites 寄生物Modes of transmission 传播方式Social parasites 社会性寄生物Helminth worms 寄生蠕虫Insects 昆虫Necrotrophs 食尸动物Parasitoids 拟寄生物The cellular immune response 细胞免疫反应Vectors 媒介Optimal habitat use 最佳生境利用Brood parasitism 窝寄生Evolutionary constraint 进化约束Immunity 免疫Cevolution协同进化Gene for gene 基因对基因Mimics 模仿Herd immunity 群体免疫Antigenic stability 抗原稳定L1Pollination 传粉Symbiotic 共生性Obligate 专性Lichens 地衣Outcrossing 异型杂交Mitochondria 线粒体Chloroplasts 叶绿体M1Reproductive values 生殖价Hypothetical organism 假定生物Migration 迁移Senescence衰老Diapause 滞育Dormancy 休眠Longevity 寿命Enormous variation 巨大变异Energy allocation 能量分配Semelparity 单次生殖Iteroparity 多次生殖Carrying capacity 容纳量Current/future reproduction当前/未来繁殖Habitat disturbance 环境干扰The current/future reproductive output 当前/未来繁殖输出A high/low cost of reproduction 高/低繁殖付出Seed bank 种子库Torper蛰伏Hibernation 冬眠Cryptobiosis 隐生现象Aestivation 夏眠Migration 迁徙Morphological forms 形态学性状Generations世代Mechanistic level 机制水平Cooperation 合作Grouping-benefits 集群-好处Altruism 利他行为Group defens e 群防御Inclusive fitness 广义适合度Eusociality 真社会性Hymenoptera 膜翅目Haplodiploid 单倍二倍体Venomous sting毒刺N2Sex 性The costs of inbreeding 近交的代价Self-fertilization 自体受精Sexual versus asexual reproduction 有性和无性生殖Sex ratio 交配体制Monogyny 单配制Polygyny 一雄多雌制Polyandry 一雌多雄制Inbreeding depression 近交衰退Hermaphrodite 雌雄同体Recombine 重组Rare type advantage 稀少型有利Equal investment 相等投入Local mate competition局域交配竞争Epigamic 诱惑性Intrasexual selection 性内选择Intersexual selection 性间选择O1Alleles 等位基因Polymorphism 多型Genetic drift 遗传漂变Genetic bottleneck 遗传瓶颈Rare species 稀有物种Extinction 灭绝Chromosome染色体Genotype 遗传型Phenotype 表现型Gene pool 基因库Gel electrophoresis 凝胶电泳O2Gene flow 基因流Differentiation 分化Sibling species 姊妹种Genetic revolution 遗传演变Peripheral isolates 边缘隔离PTransfer efficiencies 转换效率（net）primary productivity (净)初级生产力Respiratory heat 呼吸热Grazer system 牧食者系统Food chains 食物链Pathways of nutrient flow营养物流Food webs 食物网QCommunity structure 群落结构Community boundaries 群落边界Guilds同资源种团Community organization 群落组织Species diversity 物种多样性Energy flow 能量流Superorganism 超有机体Species-poor/rich 物种贫乏/丰富Biomass stability 生物量稳定性Tundra 冻原Island biogeography 岛屿生物地理学Turnover rate 周转率Source of colonists 移植者源Relaxation松弛Edgespecies 边缘物种Interior species 内部物种Corridor 走廊Greenways 绿色通道Community assembly群落集合Grazers 食草动物Carnivores 食肉动物Keystone species 关键物种Dominance control 优势控制Habitat affinity生境亲和力Prey switching 猎物转换RSuccession 演替Climax Community 顶级群落Pioneer species 先锋物种Primary succession 原生演替Alluvial deposit 冲积层Secondary succession 次生演替Acidifying effect 酸化作用Opportunistic机会主义Cellulose 植物纤维素Lignin 木质素Resource ratio hypothesis 资源比假说Fluctuations 波动Cyclic succession 循环演替Disturbance 干扰Patch dynamics板块动态Mini-succession 微型演替Cambium 形成层Neotropical forest 新热带雨林Priority effect 优先效应SVegetation 植被Ecotones 群落交错区Climate map 气候图Biomes 生物群系Heat budget 热量预算Zonation 分带Grassland 草地Primary regions 基本区域Desertification 荒漠化Arctic tundra 北极冻原Alpine tundra 高山冻原Permafrost 永冻层Coniferous boreal forest北方针叶林Temperature forest 温带森林Tropical forest 热带森林Salinization 盐渍化Primary saltwater regions 基本盐水区域Opens oceans 开阔海洋Continental shelves 大陆架The intertidal zone 潮间带Salt marsh 盐沼Mudflats淤泥滩Mangroves 红树林Pelagic 浮游生物Photic zone 有光带Phyto plankton 浮游植物Nekton 自泳动物Benthic 底栖Rocky shore 岩岸Zonation 分带Streams 溪流Ponds 池塘Environmental concerns 环境关系Catchment area 集水区Temperature inversion 温度逆转Biomanipulation 生物处理TThe goals of harvesting 收获目标Quota limitation 配额限制Environmental fluctuation环境波动Maximum possible yiel最大可能产量Net recruitment 净补充量Surplus yield 过剩产量Age structure 年龄结构Population data 种群数据Stable equilibrium 稳定平衡Harvesting effort 收获努力Gun licences 猎枪执照Rod licences钓鱼许可证Upwelling of cold water冷水上升流Fisheries 渔业Ocean productivity 大洋生产力The tragedy of the common公共灾难Overexploitation 过捕Pollution 污染Global decline 全球性下降By-catch 附带收获Community perturbations 群落扰动Oil spills 原油泄漏Eutrophication 富营养化Algal blooms 水华Red tides 赤潮Biomagnification 生物放大作用UPest 有害生物Natural enemies 天敌Ruderal 杂草型Economic/aesthetic injury level 经济/美学损害水平Cultural 栽培Biological control 生物防治‘Silent spring’寂静的春天Chemical toxicity 化学毒性Evolution of resistance抗性进化Microbial insecticide微生物杀虫剂Inoculation接种Augmentation扩大Inundation 爆发VRare species 稀有种Genetic diversity 遗传多样性Extinction 灭绝Endemic species 特有种Habitat fragmentation 生境片段化Insularization 岛屿化Biodiversity 生物多样性Strategies for conservation保育对策Antarctic treaty 南极协议Ecotourism生态旅游WAir pollution空气污染Acid rain 酸雨Water pollutants 水体污染物Soil pollution 土壤污染Acid deposition 酸降Pathogens病源体Chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量Anaerobes 厌氧菌The greenhouse effect 温室效应Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Ozone 臭氧Photochemical smog 光化学烟雾XOverview 概述Soil erosion 土壤侵蚀Soil compaction 土壤硬结Contour ploughing等高耕作Cover crops 覆盖作物No-till farming 免耕农业。

植物生态学重要名词中英文对照

环境因子environmental factors 衡量生产过程对环境影响程度参量个体生态学autoecology 以个体生物为研究对象，研究个体生物与环境之关系。

种群生态学 population ecology从某种意义对一个种的地区群体作为研究对象群落生态学 community ecology研究群落与环境相互关系的科学生态系统生态学 ecosystems ecology研究生态系统的组成要素，结构与功能，发展与演替小环境micro-environment直接接触所研究主体或与主体某一部分有关的局部环境条件小气候microclimates地表以上1.5～2.0 m空气层因局部地形、土壤和植被等影响所产生的特殊气候。

大环境macro-environment 社会环境和集体环境大气候macroclimate主要由特殊环流所形成的较大空间尺度的气候生态因子ecological factors指对生物有影响的各种环境因子。

密度制约因子density-dependent factors生物因子对生物的影响大小随着种群密度而改变非密度制约因子density-independent factors非生物因子对生物的影响大小并不随种群密度的变化而变化最小因子定律 law of the minimum低于某种生物需要的最少量的任何特定因子，是决定该种生物生存和分布的根本因素耐受定律 law of tolerance任何一个生态因子在数量上或质量上不足或过多，即当其接近或达到某种生物的耐受限度时，这种生物就会衰退或无法生存。

生态幅/价 ecological amplitude / valence耐受性的上限和下限之间的围限制因子 limiting factors限制生物生存和繁殖的关键性因子常温动物homeotherm在环境温度变化的情况下，仍能保持体温相对稳定的动物(温动物endotherm)通过自身体氧化代产热来调节体温的动物变温动物poikilotherm动物的体温是随着环境温度的改变而改变(外温动物ectotherm)体温随着外界温度改变而改变的动物发育起点温度 / 发育阈温度developmental threshold temperature由于变温动物的生长发育有一定的温度围，低于某一温度时，生长发育便停止，高于此温度时，生长发育才开始进行。

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《生态学双语教学词汇汇编》
Part I 蒋维
Part II +Part V罗隆诚
Part III 官情
Part IV 涂纯
Part I 生物与环境
生态因子
密度制约因子与非密度制约因子
协同进化
物种
自然选择（稳定性选择/单向性选择/分裂性选择）
适应、适应组合
趋同适应与趋异适应
拟态/保护色/警戒色
生物钟
休眠
生态因子（主导因子/限制因子/最小因子定律/补偿效应）
耐受性定律（生态幅/生态价）狭食（光、温、盐、栖、湿）性/广食性生态位
驯化
内稳态
光补偿点/光饱和点
C3植物/C4植物
阳性植物/阴性/耐阴性
昼行性/夜行性动物
光周期
长日照/短日照
光污染/光化学烟雾
温变周期
三基点温度
年轮
有效积温法则
春化
恒温/变温动物
贝格曼法则
阿伦定律
热岛效应
水生/陆生植物
沉水/浮水/挺水植物
湿生/中生/旱生植物
Part II 种群生态学
密度/绝对/相对密度/粗密度/生态密度标志-重捕法
单体/构建生物
种群分布/集群/随机/斑块
种群统计学
出生率/死亡率
迁出/迁出率
年龄结构
性比
世代周期
生命表/动态、静态生命表
种群增长率
内禀增长率
存活曲线/死亡曲线
生命预期
离散式增长/连续式增长
周限增长率
指数式增长/罗吉斯蒂增长
环境容纳量
密度制约/非密度制约
生物/气候/综合学派
集合种群
SLOSS
生活史
繁殖/孢子营养/有性生殖/无性
扩散
繁殖成效/繁殖价值/亲本投资/利他作用繁殖策略
r、K对策
r C S对策
性选择
种内与种间作用
密度
集群/阿里规律
自梳/他梳
-3/2自梳法则
最后产量恒值法则
竞争/分摊型/争夺型竞争
婚配制度
领域/巢区
社会等级
适合度
他感作用
种间竞争
高斯假说
竞争排斥原理
LVmodel
Tilman model
Huchinson生态位
捕食
Holling反应
协同进化
寄生（微寄生/大寄生物/食生物类寄生/拟寄生宿主/寄生物
社会性寄生
互利共生/专性/兼性共生
Part III 群落生态学
群落
机体论/个体论
群落最小面积
优势种/建群种
亚优势种，伴生种，偶见种
多度/密度/盖度（基盖度）/频度/高度/
优势度/重要值
种间关联
生物多样性
物种多样性/遗传多样性/生态系统多样性
物种丰度/物种均匀度
丰度指数/Gleason指数/Margalef指数
多样性指数/辛普森指数/香农-维纳指数
Abr指数
生活型
Raunchier生活型系统
高位芽/地上芽/地面芽/隐芽/一年生植物
生活型谱
叶面积指数/层片/同资源种团
群落外貌
群落季相
群落交错区
边缘效应
干扰/断层/断层的抽彩式竞争
中度干扰假说
空间异质性
岛屿生物地理学
岛屿-种数-面积关系
岛屿效应
MacArthur岛屿理论
集合种群
物种丰富度模型
平衡说/非平衡说
演替
世纪/长期/快速演替
原生/次生演替
水生/汉生
顶极群落
单顶极假说/多顶极/顶极-格局学说
前顶极/亚顶极/偏途顶极/超顶极群落
进展演替/逆行演替
群落演替模型
促进/抑制/忍耐模型
资源比率假说
等级性演替理论
群落分类
群系
植被型群丛组/亚
针叶林/阔叶林/灌草和灌草丛、草原和稀树干草原、
荒漠包括肉质刺灌丛、冻原、高山稀疏植被、草甸、沼泽、水生植被
群落排序
直接/间接梯度分析
PCA/DCA
Part IV 生态系统生态学
生态系统
生产者/消费者/分解者
食草动物/食肉动物/大型食肉动物
食物链（草牧/腐食（碎屑）/寄生食物链）
食物网
营养级
生态金字塔（能量/生物量/数量金字塔）
生态效率
摄取/同化/呼吸/生产量
同化效率/生产效率/消费效率/林德曼效率
反馈（正/负）
生态平衡
能量流动
物质循环
初级生产/次级生产
自养/异养生物
GPP
NPP
NEP/NBP
生物量
生物循环/地质循环
水循环（蒸发/蒸腾/蒸散/降水/径流/入渗/输送）
碳循环（光合/呼吸/焚烧/溶解）
氮循环（大气沉降/固氮作用/硝化/反硝化/氨化作用）信息传递
森林
热带雨林/常绿阔叶林/落叶阔叶林/针叶林/混交林
草原
温带/热带草原
疏林/干/荒漠/草甸草原
荒漠
沙漠/砾漠/岩漠/绿洲
陆地/海洋生态系统、自然/人工生态系统
河口岸/深海/浅海/大洋/火山口
湿地
冻原苔原
Part V 景观生态学与全球生态学
尺度
干扰
景观
PCM模式
斑块（干扰/残存/环境资源/诱导斑块）
边缘效应（固有边缘/诱导边缘/边缘种/内部种）
半岛/漏斗效应
廊道
全球变化
全球变暖/温室效应
温室气体
LUCC
Part VI 应用生态学
生物多样性
恢复生态学
生态恢复重建改良修复更新再植生态工程
生态系统服务。