ERP年度报告披露的分析原文翻译(上)
ERP翻译
中小型企业ERP实施的关键成功因素摘要ERP的频繁实施被认为是复杂、繁琐和昂贵的,它超过了企业的初步估计资源。
这个过程涉及到对组织业务流程的彻底检查;选择与企业需求相匹配的最可用的软件解决方案;选择所选系统的组合;培训员工和定制选择软件解决方案包括开发所需的接口。
最后,现有的组织管理信息系统组织完全或部分由新系统所取代。
所有的这些实现过程应该在不影响公司日常经营的情况下实施。
这些仅能通过了解形成该组织基础设施的关键要素来实现,一个有效的计划实施和有效的程序来衡量和评价项目整个实施过程。
本文的研究结果是确定和分析在小型和中型企业(中小企业)ERP实施过程中涉及到的关键问题之间的相互关系。
三个基本研究问题被解决。
第一,什么是主要关键成功因素?第二,这些因素如何在实施过程中相互影响?第三,在什么阶段有最高的影响因素?为了回答这些问题,我们从超过50篇的相关文献中去批判性综述和辨认在大型组织ERP实施过程中主要关键成功因素。
然后,为了确定模型的适用性,我们对中小企业进行了调查。
接下来,我们实施了一个工业调查去辨认在什么阶段关键成功因素有最大的影响。
中小企业ERP实现的关键成功因素之间关系的研究结果已经被利用去开发一个监控工具,并最终得到改善。
在这个工具开发过程中,八位在ERP实施中经验丰富的产业界和学术界学者接受了采访,其目的是验证被开发模型。
整体结果为ERP成功实施过程中组织和操作因素的相互作用提供了有益的指点。
1 介绍企业资源计划(ERP)被定义公司正在构建的有效业务流程升级的重要平台。
在过去,ERP系统几乎完全被用于业务流程复杂的大公司。
实施ERP系统的相关成本和难于发现预期管理期望是阻碍中小型企业采用ERP系统的最重要原因。
最近十年,随着技术的成熟和价格的下降,在中小企业的ERP系统实施变得越来越普遍。
一个明显的事实是,越来越多的ERP厂商现在现在把目光聚焦在中小型企业,并且也值得注意的是,随着连续的中小企业ERP市场增长,许多大的ERP系统供应商(如SAP和目前的微软)也积极的扩大他们的业务活动范围到中小企业部门。
ERP系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
ERP系统中英文对照外文翻译文献ERP系统中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)ERP系统在财务报告内部控制的作用【摘要】:萨班斯-奥克斯利法案法例中强调,ERP系统的重要作用是运用内部控制反映公司的基本建设,为此ERP系统软件开发供应商也增加了对内部控制的应用。
他们认为,这些内置的控制和其他功能将帮助企业改善其财务报告内部控制就如萨班斯法案要求的那样。
这项研究测试,通过检查萨班斯法案第404条在1994年和2003年之间实施ERP 系统的公司合规内控数据。
其结果表明,应用ERP 的公司相对于未应用ERP的样本公司较少报告内部控制弱点。
它还发现,这种差异存在一般控制和特别控制中。
关键词:企业资源规划;ERP;萨班斯-奥克斯利法案;萨班斯法案第404条;内部控制1简介2002年的萨班斯法案要求企业将其内部控制的有效性的报告与财务报告作为一个整体努力,以减少欺诈和恢复完整的财务报告过程的一部分。
ERP系统软件开发供应商已强调,ERP系统的重要作用是运用“内置”控制反映公司基本建设。
他们在营销理念强调了产品的功能,声称这些系统将帮助企业按萨班斯法案所要求提高内部控制的有效性。
这些供应商的声明激发了关于ERP系统对内部控制的影响一项有趣的实证问题研究。
具体来说,是不是实现ERP系统的企业或多或少可能比未实现ERP系统的公司较少在其年度报告报告内部控制弱点?已经进行过这特定区域研究的经验/档案相对较少的,因为之前萨班斯法案内部控制的数据并没有被公开报道。
这项研究的方法通过在文献资料检查一个已经宣布实施ERP系统和一个还没有类似的公司控制样本公司的抽样调查的内部控制数据来发现差距。
内部控制是在公司使用的以解决代理问题的许多机制之一。
其他的机制还包括财务报告,编制预算,审计委员会和外部审计(Jensen和佩恩2003)。
研究表明,内部控制降低了代理成本(Abdel-khalik 1993;Barefield 等,1993),有些甚至争辩说,即使没有萨班斯法案的要求,企业也有经济诱因报告内部控制(Deumes和Knechel,2008年)。
ERP E文术语及中文翻译
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物料清单处理器 计划因素 库存记录文档 产品树 母件 部件 多层物料清单 单个物料清单 单层物料清单 多级物料清单 简化物料清单 计划物料清单 反查表 追溯表 提前期 展开 提前期补偿 计划订单接收 计划订单下达 订单下达 未结订单 计划接收 分配 净需求 时间段 计划期 自下而上重新计划 行动期 低层码 计划订单 例外信息 业务信息 确定订单 减低系统敏感性 需求产能 负荷 产能管理 产能计划 产能控制 资源计划 粗能力计划 能力需求计划
open orders file work center file move time wait time queue time shop calendar capacity available standard time demonstrated (measured) capacity set-up time run time calculated or rated capacity available time utilization efficiency scheduling backward scheduling flow manufacturing repetitive manufacturing continuous manufacturing intermittent manufacturing project manufacturing item master file product structure file (bill of material file) routing file work center master file shop order master file shop order detail file manufacturing lead time cycle time throughput time forward scheduling infinite loading finite loading operation overlapping operation splitting bottlenecks throughput gateway operation drum-buffer-rope input/output control input/output report
ERP相关中英文对照
ERP相关中英文对照ERP中英文对照一、ERP实施阶段1、启动准备阶段Initial Phase项目章程Project charter项目计划Project plan2、分析阶段Analyze Phase现状业务调研问卷Questionnaire Research现有业务调研报告AS-IS目标流程设计与方案To-Be关键问题分析Key focus analysis差异分析报告Gap Analysis系统配置System configuration (Installation of hardware, software and infrastructure)3、设计、开发阶段Design/Build方案论证、方案测试solution validation and test开发方案设计function specification design and test客户化开发与单元测试customization development and unit test建立数据转换策略、制定安全控制标准data conversion strategy and security control standard 测试脚本和CRP测试test script and CRP test用户培训和用户手册End user training and user guide4、集成阶段Integrate切换策略及切换计划conversion strategy and conversion plan 系统集成测试integration test生产系统设置Setup production5、实施阶段Implement用户接受测试User acceptance test (UAT)上线和切换计划implementation and transition plan 系统切换和运行system cutover and rollout上线后支持post implementation support二、ERP各模块主要词汇1、财务Finance总帐GL(General ledger)现金收付制Cash basis会计科目Account会计期间Accounting Period分类帐Account ledger会计分录Journal Entry资产负债表Balance sheet银行对账Bank reconciliation银行对账单bank statement期初余额Beginning balance试算平衡Trial Balance损益表Income Statement现金流量表Cash Flow Statement重估Revaluation经常性日记账分录Recurring journal entry预算管理Budget management外币折算Foreign currency translation应收AR(Accounts Receivable)应收账帐龄分析Accounts receivable aging analysis 应收账款收款期Accounts receivable collection period 应收账冲销Accounts receivable Write-off应付AP (Accounts Payable)付款条件Payment term应付帐帐龄分析Accounts payable aging analysis应付帐冲销Accounts payable Write-off催款Collection分期付款Payment by installment延期付款Deferred payment固定资产FA(Fixed Assets)折旧Depreciation累计折旧Accumulated depreciation固定资产重估Reevaluation固定资产清理Disposal固定资产增值Appreciation高级成本ACA(Advanced cost accounting)基于活动的成本管理(ABC成本法) activity-based cost management 2、物流Logistics销售订单管理Sales Order Management客户关系管理Customer Relationship Management (CRM)销售报价Quotation销售报价下达Quotation release拣货单pick list发货确认shipment confirm延期订单back order增值税VAT Value added tax基价Base price高级定价Advanced pricing直接发运订单Direct ship order采购订单管理Purchase Order Management供应商关系管理Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)请购单Purchase requisition询价单Request for quote一揽子协议采购Blanket purchase order合约采购Contract purchase agreement收货路径Receipt route库存管理Inventory management加权平均法 Weighted average先进先出法 First-in, first-out or FIFO后进先出法 Lost-in, first-out or LIFO移动平均法 Moving average安全库存Safety stock仓储管理Warehouse management运输管理Transportation management3、制造Manufacturing产品数据管理Product Data Management (PDM) 离散制造Discrete manufacturing流程制造Process manufacturing重复制造Repetitive manufacturing物料清单Bill of material工艺路线Routing工作中心Work center提前期Lead time累计提前期Cumulative lead time母件Parent item虚拟件Phantom item工程变更单Engineering change order零件清单Part list联/副产品Co-By product车间管理Work Shop Management资源能力计划Resource capacity planning物料计划material planning计划和排程Planning & Scheduling预测Forecasting质量管理Quality management成本管理Cost Management标准成本Standard cost实际成本Actual cost成本卷积Cost Rollup模拟成本Simulation cost冻结成本Frozen cost4、项目管理Project Management5、房地产管理Real estate management6、租赁管理Lease management7、人力资源管理Human resource management。
ERP Report
企业资源计划实验报告姓名组别指导老师学期企业角色分配企业资源计划课程考核及成绩报告单姓名班级学院成绩企业资源计划实验报告关于企业经营中原材料采购及成本控制的分析身为采购总监,我的主要职责是根据生产部门的需求并结合财务部门的辅助参考,选择合适的供应商进行原材料采购活动。
在整个采购过程中,最为关键的部分在于怎样在保证原材料供应及时的同时尽量降低库存率,从而使资金使用达到最高效的状态。
首先,在生产和经营过程中,假如原材料不能及时供应,生产就会中断,可能会因而需要支付高额的临时性采购费用或违约赔偿金;同时,保持较高的原材料周转率有利于提高资金的使用效率,从而维持企业健康稳定的现金状况。
在执行采购工作的过程中,我发现采购并不是一个简单的单向度活动,事实上从整个企业的层面来看,任何一个部门的工作都是互相关联互相作用的,在首席执行官的整体决策下企业首先形成自己的经营风格,对于一个刚刚起步的企业来说一般我们是市场导向或者说销售导向的,这时候财务部门的主要作用是提供一个财务数据的支持;而对于一个业已成熟的企业来说,可能它更多是财务导向的,我们需要根据既定的财务指标、比如在保证一定的资金周转率、资产负债率、净资产收益率等指标的前提下去制定相应的销售策略,然后在企业整体经营的风格影响下,市场总监结合当前市场状况和企业自身情况执行相应的市场策略,市场策略执行后需要由相关销售人员去执行,但有时实际的执行状况可能和预期有差距,生产部门则要根据实际的订单取得状况调整生产计划,相应的,采购计划也要有相应的调整。
同时,企业的经营也是需要长远的战略眼光的,比如新厂房及生产线的引进都需要纳入考虑范围内,在制定生产计划和采购计划时,都需要把这些对现金流产生重大影响的活动纳入考虑范围,同时也要考虑在将来这些重大经营活动可能会带来的现金流增加。
在企业ERP模拟中我们也遇到了许多问题,这也让我对企业经营有了更全面的认识,就采购的层面而言,我所遇到的主要问题有1)原材料积压,造成这一情况的主要原因一般是销售状况不尽如人意,企业并没有如料想中取得足够的订单;2)采购未能确保生产的供应,出现停工待料的情况,这一状况的主要原因是由于临时性的经营决策如购进生产线造成现金不足或产能过剩。
ERP经营分析报告
经营报告在这次实习过程中,我是E组的营销助理,我在团队中负责帮助营销总监做好市场调查,和营销总监一起帮助CEO制订产品研发和市场开拓计划;负责和各个部门沟通,了解市场需求和竞争态势,同营销总监一起协助CEO确定广告的资金投入计划:负责在选单中和营销总监选取与企业生产能力相匹配的订单。
第一年:在第一年的经营活动中,我们刚刚接触到ERP,所以显得由有些盲目。
我们只能生产p1产品,我们就把产品的广告投入放在p1上。
CEO带领我们开新年规划会议。
在第一年中,我们只能生产p1产品,所以我们就把产品的广告投入放在p1上。
但是我们忽略了市场的需求量和未来的价格趋势,导致我们在广告投入上没有明确的目的,没有显示我们广告投入的特点,生产出的产品大量库存,又占用了资金。
而后来今年也是因为资金问题才难以为继的。
我们在第一年中还研发了p3产品。
第二年:由于在第一年中广告投入少,没有选到合适的订单,p1产品又有大量积压,所以我们加大广告的投入,希望能选到较为合适的订单。
我们继续研发p3产品,并完成了研发工作,不过还是有大量p1产品积压。
第三年:我们估计p1产品的市场地位会下降,单我们任然有大量p1待售,所以决定缩小p1的生产规模,改生产p3。
由于我们在前两年的广告投入没有取到好的效果,为了扩大生产力,我们有买进了一条半自动生产线。
由于我们在前两年的广告投入没有取到好的效果,产品积压,资金链紧张,所以我们今年决定在广告上多下工夫,争取多拿订单,多销售,多收益。
眼见本地市场已经竞争很激烈,我们还决定开拓国内市场。
第四年:由于在前一年中,我们的巨额广告投入使我们取得了优先选单权,又由于资金很紧张,所以我们决定减少对广告的投入。
p3在本地和区域都有较大的市场,而我们一进形成p3的准也化生产,于是我们就将广告投入集中在p3上。
在这一年里,我们取得了p3iso9000认证,这样,我们的p3产品的销售范围就有增加了。
第五年:企业的经营已经在逐渐开始好转。
海立财务报表分析中英文版
Shanghai Highly(上海海立集团有限公司)Course1.Preliminary financial analysisShanghai highly (group) co., LTD. Is a industry for electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry the main business for research and development, production and sales of air-conditioning refrigeration compressor company. The company is mainly engaged in research, development, production of refrigeration equipment and spare parts, auto parts, household appliances and related materials, machinery, electronic products, sales produced products, investment holding other enterprisesTheir production and sales of air conditioning compressor keeps the first in China and the world's top three for many years .They also successfully entered into the auto parts manufacturing field.Now, hundreds of millions of families around the world are using their products. They believe that continuous innovation is a powerful drive of create the green future, the innovation of ocean will be duty-bound to nice and continuous efforts for the future of humanity.2.Sales analysis by sourceHighly’s sales by division from 2012 to 213 are shown in Exhibit1.1.Fromtheexhibit1.1 ,we can see that compressor and refrigeration equipment and China's trade are the main sales, accounting for 97% and 83%, respectively ,in 2013.In 2013, the industry appear oversupply situation, make the company's products sales under pressure, the company main business is affected. I found from the statement sea state shares to achieve revenue 6.62162 billion , down 2.23% year on year.94%3%3%Highly’s sales bydivisionCompressor and refrigeration equipmentTrade and property leasing83%17%Highly’s sales by division(国家)From China's foreign trade The foreign tradeHighlySales contribution and percentage of sales by divisionProduct name (产品名称) Operating income2103Operating income2012Compressor and refrigerationequipment(压缩机及相关制冷设备)6,196,240,801.88 6,344,368,181.92Trade and property leasing(贸易及房产租赁)188,924,819.18 271,556,823.40 Other business income 236,453,933.24 157,040,864.82 Total 6,621,619,554.30 6,772,965,870.14China's trade(来源于中国的对外交易)5,304,883,673.05 5,600,734,606.72The foreign trade(来源于国外的对外交易)1,080,281,948.01 1,015,190,398.60 Total 6,385,165,621.06 6,615,925,005.32Percentage of salesCompressor and refrigerationequipment(压缩机及相关制冷设备)93% 96%Trade and property leasing(贸易及房产租赁)3% 4%Other business income 3%Total 100% 100%From China's foreign trade(来源于中国的对外交易)83% 85%The foreign trade(来源于国外的对外交易)17% 15%Total 100% 100%parative financial statements合并利润表人民币元Item项目2013 20126,621,619,554.30 6,772,965,870.14 一、Revenue from main operations营业总收入Revenue from main operations6,621,619,554.30 6,772,965,870.14营业收入Less :Cost of main operations5,787,266,431.27 5,794,929,313.96 减:营业成本Taxes and surcharge for main operations10,083,561.15 12,387,640.71营业税金及附加Operating expenses销售费用155,969,363.94 163,912,767.21 General and administrative expenses437,865,589.73 413,626,158.35管理费用Financial expenses财务费用123,956,380.70 167,777,813.93 Losses on the asset impairment3,988,870.87 7,362,358.96资产减值损失Add:Profits or losses on the changes in fair value-44,155.77 -1,558,120.00加:公允价值变动收益(损失以“-”填列)equity earnings24,554,244.96 10,580,244.87投资收益(损失以“-”填列)其中:对联营企业和合营企业的投资收益5,824,482.77 7,493,362.87126,999,445.83 221,991,941.89二、 operating profit营业利润(亏损以“-”号填列)Add:Non-operating income45,522,862.54 38,185,110.23加:营业外收入Less:Non-operating expenses4,561,417.77 4,889,050.09减:营业外支出Non-current assets losses3,661,789.05 4,039,967.70其中:非流动资产处置损失167,960,890.60 255,288,002.03三、Total profit利润总额(亏损总额以“-”号填列)Less:Income tax 减:所得税费用26,628,830.09 47,760,413.92Net income四、净利润(净亏损以“-”号填列) 141,332,060.51 207,527,588.11其中:被合并方在合并前实现的净利润- - -1,007,747.23归属于母公司股东的净利润104,129,188.62 147,846,068.90 Minority shareholders 少数股东损益37,202,871.89 59,681,519.21五、Per-share earnings每股收益:(一)Basic per-share earnings 基本每股收益0.16 0.23(二)Diluted per-share earnings稀释每股收益0.16 0.23-15,262,630.14 -5,009,024.25六、Other comprehensive loss其他综合损失七、Total comprehensive income126,069,430.37 202,518,563.86综合收益总额Total comprehensive income of92,584,394.61 142,837,044.65 parent firm归属于母公司股东的综合收益总额Other comprehensive loss of33,485,035.76 59,681,519.21 minority shareholders归属于少数股东的综合收益总额Exhibit3.1合并负债表人民币元项目年末余额年初余额Current assets流动资产:Cash货币资金338,161,954.88 251,955,144.83 Transaction financial liabilities交易性金融资产326,615.23 312,940.00 Notes receivable应收票据1,652,435,981.42 1,329,682,638.33 Accounts Receivable应收账款1,466,144,778.92 1,498,491,042.49 Prepayment预付款项149,883,668.42 182,327,704.10 Interest receivable应收利息-Dividend receivable应收股利-Other receivable 其他应收款54,701,367.62 65,524,951.93 Inventory存货832,121,824.01 707,235,537.01 Long-term debt investment due within one一年内到期的非流动资产-Other current assets其他流动资产-Total current assets流动资产合计4,493,776,190.50 4,035,529,958.69 Non-current assets非流动资产:Financial assets hold to sales可供出售金融资产27,997,892.20 30,884,555.20 Investment hold to mature持有至到期投资-Long-term receivable 长期应收款-Long-term equity investment长期股权投资173,794,892.82 172,466,006.598,050,243.25 8,516,694.01 Investment property投资性房地产Fixed assets固定资产2,687,090,090.26 2,873,113,025.04 Construction in progress 在建工程202,380,879.99 54,728,322.30 Material holds for construction of fixed assets工程物资-Fixed assets to be disposed of固定资产清理-生产性生物资产-油气资产-Intangible assets无形资产234,876,213.42 240,005,509.22 Development开发支出31,917,574.78 -Goodwill 商誉-Long-term deferred expense长期待摊费用42,049,786.42 66,239,752.78 Deferred income tax assets递延所得税资产31,552,350.54 49,505,536.37 Non-current assets其他非流动资产192,000,000.00 -3,631,709,923.68 3,495,459,401.51 Non-current assets total非流动资产合计Total Assets资产总计8,125,486,114.18 7,530,989,360.20 Current liability流动负债:Short-term loans 短期借款651,880,281.68 1,212,920,428.04 交易性金融负债57,831.00 -Notes payable应付票据1,396,534,340.33 1,505,691,880.43 Accounts payable应付账款1,404,039,935.31 1,070,611,554.33 Advance from customers预收款项38,224,426.68 17,073,866.72 Payroll payable 应付职工薪酬54,176,579.78 85,297,146.09 Taxes payable 应交税费-49,810,716.54 -40,559,080.20 Interest payable 应付利息40,641,439.06 360,592.85 Dividend payable应付股利2,183,569.64 2,183,733.73 Other fees payable其他应付款97,033,384.77 95,399,504.0160,969,000.00 62,855,000.00 Non-current liabilities within one year一年内到期的非流动负债Other current liability 其他流动负债12,986,279.58 10,185,779.50 Total current liabilities流动负债合计3,708,916,351.29 4,022,020,405.50 Non-current liabilities非流动负债:Long-term loans长期借款97,550,400.00 163,423,000.00 Bonds payable 应付债券991,534,688.09 -Long-term payable长期应付款-Special accounts payable 专项应付款-Estimated debts预计负债29,820,595.12 36,657,634.545,646,262.67 5,686,351.31 Deferred income tax liabilities递延所得税负债Other non-current liabilities其他非流动负债226,262,365.96 236,678,767.321,350,814,311.84 442,445,753.17 Total non-current liabilities非流动负债合计Total liabilities负债合计5,059,730,663.13 4,464,466,158.67 Shareholders' equity股东权益:Equity 股本667,744,115.00 667,744,115.00 Capital Reserves资本公积834,205,223.72 834,528,093.89 Subtraction: Treasury stock减:库存股-special reserve专项储备-Surplus Reserves盈余公积223,092,621.93 211,732,144.07 General risk reserves一般风险储备-Retained profits after appropriation未分配利润656,243,117.03 651,016,899.08 外币报表折算差额-11,221,923.84归属于母公司股东权益合计2,370,063,153.84 2,365,021,252.04 Minority interests 少数股东权益695,692,297.21 701,501,949.49 Total Shareholders' equity股东权益合计3,065,755,451.05 3,066,523,201.538,125,486,114.18 7,530,989,360.20 Total liabilities and Stockholders' equity负债和股东权益总计Exhibit3.2现金流量表 Cash Flow Statement项目本年累计数上年累计数一、Cash Flow from Operating Activities经营活动产生的现金流量:619,688,707.62 745,155,530.95 Cash received from sales of goods or rendering services销售商品、提供劳务收到的现金Refunds of taxes收到的税费返还94,099,871.99 110,186,598.71 Cash received relating to other operating activities收到的2,574,928.26 8,168,588.44其他与经营活动有关的现金Sub-total of cash inflows经营活动现金流入小计716,363,507.87 863,510,718.10700,801,867.41 866,127,410.20 Cash paid for goods or receiving services 购买商品、接受劳务支付的现金18,432,313.37 20,228,154.36 Cash paid to and on behalf of employees支付给职工以及为职工支付的现金Tax payments 支付的各项税费5,393,832.05 10,250,009.9717,151,002.64 14,708,854.38 Cash paid relating to other operating activities支付的其他与经营活动有关的现金Sub-total of cash outflows经营活动现金流出小计741,779,015.47 911,314,428.91 Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities经营活动产生的现-25,415,507.60 -47,803,710.81 金流量净额Cash Flow from Investing Activities:二、投资活动产生的现金流量:177,403,418.20 139,273,198.61 Cash received from disposal of investments取得投资收益收到的现金Net cash received from disposal of fixed assets,16,894,851.73 15,439,584.58 intangible assets and other long-term assets处置固定资产、无形资产和其他长期资产收回的现金净额- -Cash received from disposal of subsidiary or otheroperating business units 处置子公司及其他营业单位收到的现金净额Cash received from investments income 收到其他与投- -资活动有关的现金Sub-total of cash inflows 投资活动现金流入小计194,298,269.93 154,712,783.1921,492,751.96 19,272,892.14 Cash paid to acquire fixed assets, intangible assets andother long-term assets 购建固定资产、无形资产和其他长期资产支付的现金Cash paid to acquire investments投资支付的现金1,012,000,000.00 44,000,000.00 取得子公司及其他营业单位支付的现金净额- -- -Cash payments relating to other investing activities支付其他与投资活动有关的现金Sub-total of cash outflows投资活动现金流出小计1,033,492,751.96 63,272,892.14 Net Cash Flow from Investing Activities 投资活动产生的-839,194,482.03 91,439,891.05 现金流量净额Cash Flow from Financing Activities:三、筹资活动产生的现金流量:Cash received by investors吸收投资收到的现金- 498,550,000.00 Cash received from borrowings取得借款收到的现金- 340,000,000.00990,000,000.00 -Cash received from financial institution borrowings发行债券收到的现金- -Cash received relating to other financing activities 收到其他与筹资活动有关的现金Sub-total of cash inflows筹资活动现金流入小计990,000,000.00 838,550,000.00- 755,000,000.00 Repayments of financial institution borrowings偿还债务支付的现金Dividends paid, profit distributed or interest paid 分配股利、利润或偿付利息支付的现金80,129,457.89 74,440,403.26Cash payments relating to other financing activities 支付其他与筹资活动有关的现金 - 161,812.00筹资活动现金流出小计80,129,457.89 829,602,215.26 Net Cash Flow from Financing Activities 筹资活动产生的现金流量净额909,870,542.118,947,784.74四、Effect of Foreign Currency Translation 汇率变动对现金及现金等价物的影响-5,634,509.93 -3,059,895.37五、Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents 现金及现金等价物净增加(减少)额39,626,042.55 49,524,069.61Add At the beginning of the balance of cash and cash equivalents 加:年初现金及现金等价物余额103,315,860.94 53,791,791.33六、cash equivalents at the end of the period 年末现金及现金等价物余额142,941,903.49 103,315,860.94Exhibit3.34.Further analysis of financial statements主要会计数据2013年2012年Rate of increase or decrease 本期比上年同期增减(%)Sales 营业收入 6,621,619,554.30 6,772,965,870.14 -2.23 Net income 净利润 141,332,060.51 207,527,588.11 -29.57 Dividends 股利 2,370,063,153.84 2,365,021,252.04 0.21 Equity 总资产8,125,486,114.187,530,989,360.207.89Exhibit4.1Exhibit4.2Growth rates for important financial measures ,annually compounded are reported in exhibit4.1.Most impressive is the growth in equity these twoyears(7.89%).but we can also find that growth in net income and sales is bad.Air conditioning and air conditioning compressor industry in 2013, the company belongs to the slowdown in demand, national electrical appliances energy-saving subsidies policy in the first half of the year has been expired delays and implementing transition frequency conversion air conditioning APF standards of energy efficiency in China, aslo, industry appear oversupply situation, make the company's products sales pressure, gross margin decline; At the same time two oligopoly empty adjustment factory making full use of the advantages of self supporting and further squeeze the market, not the supporting manufacturers production volume growth, the company main business is affected.Shanghai HighlyCommon-size income statements2013 2012 Net Sales 100.00% 100.00% Cost of main operations 87.40% 85.56% Taxes and surcharge for main operations 0.15% 0.18% Operating expenses 2.36% 2.42% General and administrative expenses 6.61% 6.11% Financial expenses 1.87% 2.48% Losses on the asset impairment 0.06% 0.11% Profits or losses on the changes in fair value 0.00% -0.02% equity earnings 0.37% 0.16% 二、 operating profit 0.09% 0.11% Add:Non-operating income 1.92% 3.28% Less:Non-operating expenses 0.69% 0.56% Non-current assets losses 0.07% 0.07% 三、Total profit 0.06% 0.06% Less:Income tax 2.54% 3.77% Net income 0.40% 0.71% 其中:被合并方在合并前实现的净利润- 2.13% 3.06% 归属于母公司股东的净利润-0.01% Minority shareholders 少数股东损益 1.57% 2.18% 五、Per-share earnings每股收益:0.56% 0.88%(一)Basic per-share earnings 0.00% 0.00%(二)Diluted per-share earnings稀释每股收益0.00% 0.00%六、Other comprehensive loss -0.23% -0.07%七、Total comprehensive income 1.90% 2.99% Total comprehensive income of parent firm 1.40% 2.11% Other comprehensive loss of minority shareholders 0.51% 0.88%Exhibit4.3Shanghai highlyCommon-size balance sheets项目2013 2012 Current assets流动资产:Cash货币资金7.53% 6.24% Transaction financial liabilities交易性金融资产0.01% 0.01% Notes receivable应收票据36.77% 32.95% Accounts Receivable应收账款32.63% 37.13% Prepayment预付款项 3.34% 4.52% Other receivable 其他应收款 1.22% 1.62% Inventory存货18.52% 17.53% Total current assets流动资产合计100.00% 100.00% Non-current assets非流动资产:Financial assets hold to sales可供出售金融资产0.34% 0.41%Long-term equity investment长期股权投资 2.14% 2.29% Investment property投资性房地产0.10% 0.11% Fixed assets固定资产33.07% 38.15% Construction in progress 在建工程 2.49% 0.73% Intangible assets无形资产 2.89% 3.19% Development开发支出0.39%Long-term deferred expense长期待摊费用0.52% 0.88% Deferred income tax assets递延所得税资产0.39% 0.66%Non-current assets其他非流动资产 2.36%Non-current assets total非流动资产合计44.70% 46.41% Total Assets资产总计100.00% 100.00% Current liability流动负债:Short-term loans 短期借款17.58% 30.16%交易性金融负债0.00%Notes payable应付票据37.65% 37.44%Accounts payable应付账款37.86% 26.62% Advance from customers预收款项 1.03% 0.42% Payroll payable 应付职工薪酬 1.46% 2.12% Taxes payable 应交税费-1.34% -1.01% Interest payable 应付利息 1.10% 0.01% Dividend payable应付股利0.06% 0.05%Other fees payable其他应付款 2.62% 2.37%Non-current liabilities within one year一年内到期的非流动负债 1.64% 1.56%Other current liability 其他流动负债0.35% 0.25%Total current liabilities流动负债合计100.00% 100.00% Non-current liabilities非流动负债:Long-term loans长期借款7.22% 36.94% Bonds payable 应付债券73.40%Estimated debts 预计负债 2.21% 8.29% Deferred income tax liabilities递延所得税负债0.42% 1.29%Other non-current liabilities 其他非流动负债16.75% 53.49% Total non-current liabilities 非流动负债合计100.00% 100.00% Total liabilities负债合计Equity 股本28.17% 28.23% Capital Reserves资本公积35.20% 35.29% Surplus Reserves盈余公积9.41% 8.95% Retained profits after appropriation未分配利润27.69% 27.53%归属于母公司股东权益合计100.00% 100.00%归属于母公司股东权益合计77.31% 77.12% Minority interests 少数股东权益22.69% 22.88% Total Shareholders' equity股东权益合计100.00% 100.00%Exhibit4.5Shanghai highlyCommon-size statements of cash flows项目2013 2012 一、Cash Flow from Operating ActivitiesCash received from sales of goods or rendering services 86.50% 86.29% Refunds of taxes 13.14% 12.76% Cash received relating to other operating activities 0.36% 0.95% Sub-total of cash inflows 100.00% 100.00% Cash paid for goods or receiving services 94.48% 95.04%Cash paid to and on behalf of employees 2.48% 2.22% Tax payments 0.73% 1.12% Cash paid relating to other operating activities 2.31% 1.61% Sub-total of cash outflows 100.00% 100.00% 二、Cash Flow from Investing Activities:Cash received from disposal of investments 91.3% 90.02%8.7% 9.98% Net cash received from disposal of fixed assets, intangibleassets and other long-term assetsSub-total of cash inflows 100% 100% Cash paid to acquire fixed assets, intangible assets and other2.08% 30.46% long-term assetsCash paid to acquire investments 97.92% 69.54% Sub-total of cash outflows 100.00% 100.00% 三、Cash Flow from Financing Activities:Cash received by investors 59.45% Cash received from borrowings 40.55% Cash received from financial institution borrowings 100.00%Cash received relating to other financing activitiesSub-total of cash inflows 100.00% 100.00% Repayments of financial institution borrowingsDividends paid, profit distributed or interest paid 100.00% 8.97% Cash payments relating to other financing activities 0.02% 筹资活动现金流出小计100.00% 100.00%Exhibit4.6From the table, I have discovered, highly sales income, net income, dividend, etc are the basic remain unchanged. The main reason is that competition focus of global air conditioning compressor in China, and China air conditioning compressor manufacturers have stayed at about 10. The global financial crisis, multinationals manufacturers tend to expand the development of the cause compressor no longer, and China's air conditioning compressor manufacturers such as beauty cheese, sea state, ling, seize the opportunity to achieve a new round of development, has become the global top three manufacturers. Industry competition is fierce.Shanghai highlyPer share resultsItem 2013年2012年Sales营业收入9.92 10.14Net income净利润0.21 0.31Dividends股利 3.55 3.54Book value 账面价值 4.55 4.55Exhibit4.7Chart of summary cash inflows and cash outflows元2013 2012 totaloperating716363507.9 863510718.1 1579874226 activities经营活动194298269.9 154712783.2 349011053.1 investingactivities 投资活动80129457.89 829602215.3 909731673.2 Financingactivities 融资活动39,626,042.55 49,524,069.61 89150112.16 increase(decrease)in cashExhibit4.8The picture emerging from this summary is that highly has major outlays for operating activities(71636507.9). The cash flow adequacy ratio provides insight into whether company generates sufficient cash from operations to cover capital expenditures, investments in in ventories, and cash dividend s. Highly’s cash flow adequacy ratio for the two-year period is 0.152, implying that funds generated from operations are insufficient to cover these items and that there is need for external financing. The cash reinvestment ratio, provides insight into the amount of cash retained and reinvested into the company for both asset replacement and growth. HIGHLY’s cash reinvestment ratio is -2.17% . This reinvestment rate is bad for the industry.Analysis of cash flow ratios1.cash flow adequacy ratio=1579874225.97/21492751.96+19272892.14+80129457.89+74440403.26+4766786417.41 +5458847242.63=0.1516053066572942.cash reinvestment ratio2013=(-25,415,507.60-80,129,457.89)/192000000+173794892.82+8050243.25=-2.17%cash reinvestment ratio2012=(-47803710.81-74440403.26)/(4035529958.69+172466006.59+8516694.01)=-3.00%5.Short-term LiquidityShort-term Liquidity analysis2013 2012 current 1.211614327 1.003358897 acid-test ratio 0.486478142 0.435215641 accounts receivable turnover 4.467071137 4.569172255 inventory turnover 7.519068123 7.529024073 day's sales in receivables 80.58971729 78.78888778 day's sales in inventory 47.87827349 47.81496201 approximaate conversion period 128.4679908 126.6038498 cash to current liabilities 1.560365854 1.440800575 working capital 1.614499025 1.681147635 day's purchases in accounts payable 4.677237547 4.683430647 average net trade cycle 894226667.6 1135115025 cash provided by operations to average current liabilities 1.713018684 1.752172106Exhibit5.2Various measures of short-term liquidity for the most recent two years. Almost all the ratio in 2013 is lower than 2012Is mainly due to operating profits for this issue.Air conditioning compressor company is mainly affected by the changes in market supply and demand, the average selling price cut.6.Capital Structure and SolvencyCapital structure and solvency ratios 2013 2012total debt to equity 1.65 1.46total debt ratio 0.62 0.59long-term debt to equity 0.03 0.05equity to total debt 1.61 1.69fixed assets to equity 0.88 0.94current liabilities to total liabilities 0.73 0.90 earnings to fixed charges 2.40 2.25cash flow to fixed charges 5.25 3.73Exhibit .6.2Highly's financing sources are reported in Exhibit6.1.For year 2013 ,liabilities constitute 66% and equity 34% of HIGHLY’s financing. Changes in the company's capital structure are measured using various analyses and comparisons. Selected capital structure and long-tern solvency ratios are reported in Exhibit6.2. The total debt to debt ratio increases markedly in the past two years .This is not good for the company.7.Return on Investment Capital2013 2012RNOA 0.021344032ROCE -0.031902953Return on long-term debt and equity 0.523469522equity growth rate 0.01834146disagreegation of raceRNOA 0.021344032LEV 1.4207475SPREAD -0.198727888ROE -0.260998118WHERENOA 3035112054 2148057636 NFO 5578727.92 5686351.31SE 1840675836 1807523221 NOPAT 167960890.6 255288002 NFE 123956380.7 167777813.9NI 141332060.5 207527588.1 disagreegation of RNOANOPAT MARGIN 0.02536553 0.037692203 NOA TURNOVER 1.648911772 1.188398363 RNOA 0.041825521 0.044793352Exhibit7.1The return on net operating assets is stable for year 2012 to 2013. Analysis of year 2012to 2013 shows these years’ higher returns because net operating assets turnover has decreased in 2013.. Further analysis of return on net operating assets for 2013 shows it is comprised of a 2.13% NOPAT margin and a net operating asset turnover of 2.54. NOPAT margin are primarily responsible for stable in return on equity during two years.8.Analysis of Asset Utilization2013 2012 sales to cash and equivalents 53.77795555 55.00712545 sales to receivables 52.86876829 54.07715745 sales to inventories 8479.88437 8491.112531 sales to working capital 21.8461558 22.34548004 sales to fixed assets 7463.321496 7633.90608 sales to other assets 13.3770092 13.68275933 sales to total assets 2.55504641 2.613445546 sales to short-term liabilities 27.13602849 27.756260129.Analysis of Operation Performance and ProfitabilityProfit margins 2013 2012 gross profit margin 12.60% 14.44% operating profit margin 2.54% 3.77% net profit margin2.13%3.06%Exhibit9.1Exhibit9.2We can see the company's gross margin decreased in year 2013 from the exhibit9.1 . Its net profit margin ratio and gross profit is also decreased. it also reflects the increase in production costs. From the exhibit 9.2 we can also see that cost of sales is far more larger than sales. They should improve this problem.10.Summary Evaluation and InferencesThis case analysis considered all facts of Highly’s operating results and financial position. We also forecasted the corporation’s income statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flows. This type of analysis, modified for the analysisperspective, is valuable for informed business decisions. While these data and information from our analysis are indispensable, they are not sufficient in arriving at final decisions. This is because other qualitative and quantitative factors from outside of the financial statements should be brought to bear on these decisions.Since lending, investing, or other business analysis decisions require more information than provided in accounting and financial analysis, we often summarize the analysis and its inferences in a financial analysis report. This report lists the most relevant and salient findings from the analysis, which depend on the analysis perspective. The remainder of this section provides a brief listing of the main findings of our analysis of Highly.Short-term liquidityThe assessment of Highly’s sho rt-term liquidity is a mixed one. Both current and acid-test ratios do not compare with industry norms. And its accounts receivable and inventory turnover ratio is better than that of the industry, and its cash position is strong, allowing for cash to be used for no operating activities. Capital Structure and SolvencyBy the previous analysis we can see, Highly Group's gearing ratio at a low level overall. Total liabilities make up about 66% of total financing, the use of debt financing did not take advantage of debt financing.Return on Investment CapitalHighly Group’s n et operating assets varies. In 2013, its net operating assets decreased 29.57, because air conditioning and air conditioning compressor industry in 2013.But its annual sales 16.5 million sets of air conditioning compressor, up 6.43% from a year earlier, the company not from supporting the market share from 27% to 31% in 2012, market position is still to maintain the leading position in the industry. Which exports 2.69 million units, upped 9.8%; Frequency conversion products upped 34.2% from a year earlier.Analysis of Asset TurnoverHighly's net operating asset turnover is increasing. While its turnover of cash and cash equivalents fluctuates from year to year. These improvements are due mainly to Highly's efforts to reduce working capital through, among other activities, less receivables and inventories.Analysis of Operation Performance and Profitability Highly’ income is 6.62162 billion, down 2.23% year on year. Attributable to shareholders of listed companies net profit of 104.13 million, down 29.57% year-on-year, after deducting non-recurring gains and losses of the net income of 67.06 million, down 47.80% year-on-year, the main business gross profit margin of 12.06%, fell by 1.75 percent points. These are mainly due to two empty adjustment of monopoly factory making full use of the advantages of self supporting and further squeeze the market, not the supporting manufacturers production volumegrowth, the company main business is affected.11.Financial Market Measures2013 2012price-to-earnings(range) 10.22 12.36earning yield 3.98% 3.69%dividend yield 1.33% 1.34%dividend payout ratio 27.23% 28.49%Exhibit 11Selected financial market measures for Highly are shown in Exhibit 11. Higher price-to-earnings and price-to-book ratios benefit a company in several ways. These include the ability to raise a given amount of equity capital by issuing fewer shares and the ability to use common stock as a means of payment for acquisitions.。
翻译完整
摘要:ERP的实施被认为是复杂、繁琐和昂贵的,通常,它超过了初始估计资源。
这个过程包括一个彻底的组织检查业务流程,匹配企业的可用需求、最优软件解决方案,配置所选系统,培训员工,和包括所需接口的发展的定制软件选择方案。
最后,新系统将完全或部分替换现有的信息系统组织。
所有过程的实施应不影响整个企业的日常运营。
这只能通过了解形成组织基础设施的关键要素,有效的实施计划和有效衡量和评价项目整个实施过程的程序来获取。
这篇文章致力于研究分析在中小企业中ERP实施关键问题的相互关系。
三个基本研究问题被解决。
首先,主要的关键成功因素是什么?其次,在整个实施过程中这些因素如何相互作用?第三,各因素在什么阶段有最大的影响?为了回答这些问题,50篇以上的相关论文被批判性地回顾来辨认在大型组织中ERP实施的关键成功因素。
然后,对中小企业的关键成功因子模型的适用性进行调查工业调查。
接下来,一个确定关键成功因子在什么阶段具有最大影响的实验也开展了。
关于关键成功因素关系的研究结果被利用来开发、改善监控工具,为中小企业的ERP实现。
在工具的开发中,8个具有ERP实施经验的产业界和学术界专家被采访,验证了模型正在开发中。
整个结果为组织、操作因素的相互作用以成功实施ERP提供有用导向。
介绍:ERP被做为一个基本平台,在这上面公司正在建设升级他们的竞争业务流程[1]。
在过去,由于其业务的性质和复杂性,ERP系统的利用几乎完全取决于大型组织。
实施ERP系统的相关成本和实现管理期望的困难成为阻碍中小企业采用这个系统的最大原因。
在过去十年的时间里,随着技术的成熟,价格的下降,ERP 系统在中小企业的实现越来越普遍。
事实证明,越来越多的ERP厂商现在主要侧重于中小企业,同时需要注意的是,许多大ERP供应商像SAP等,最近在积极的扩大他们关于中小企业部门的业务活动[2],如中小企业ERP市场的连续增长所示[3]。
这种增长是由于中小企业已经意识了集成有关业务流程的信息到一个系统的优势[4];领导将制造完全包含进供应链的组织,大多的客户和供应商间交流由电子进行[1]。
ERP译文
In recent years, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have progressively become the reference solution for companies’ information systems, whatever their activity, the world over. The main reason of this success is their capacity to address the information needs of all departments and functions across a company onto a single unified computer system. This ‘‘ERP movement’’ was initially motivated by the combination of their ability to meet various companies’ requirements both on technical and organisational point of view. Often listed among these requirements is the difficulty of evolution of legacy systems with regards to the Y2K threshold or euro-compliancy in Europe; the interest of a unique system in comparison with non-homogeneous software packages; the necessity to efficiently gather, store, process and dispatch information within the entire company; or the needs of financial consolidation. In the meantime, new information technology opportunities appeared: generalisation of networks, increased power of computers and data bases, etc., which made possible the design of comprehensive information systems After over a decade of applications, it is still clear that ERP implementation and use lead not only to technical problems but also to organizational, social and economical issues, which may have a critical influence on the future of companies if not properly addressed. Even if these difficulties have been considered for a long time in the research literature, it is interesting to notice the difficulties of this literature to achieve a real prospective work, in an area where firms and ERP vendors have their own, and often quicker dynamics.With regards to this difficulty,the ambition of this special issue of Computers in Industry is to provide a representative and clear picture of more and more active research axis linked to the problematic of implementation and use of ERP systems in industry, both on theoretical and practical point of view.The first article by V. Botta-Genoulaz, P.-A. Millet and B. Grabot gives an overview on the most recent literature on the subject: indeed, time constraints related to the writing and reviewing process result in that the state-of-the-art proposed in each contribution are mainly based on communications published until 2003, whereas the number of articles published on ERP systems shows each year an exponential increase. Therefore, it has seemed of interest to specifically focus this first position paper on the trends, which can be identified according to the most recent research literature on the subject (more precisely published in 2003 and 2004).The other articles of this special issue have been selected in order to illustrate various trends in the literature on ERP systems, not only within the computer science community but also from the economics, social or human sciences community’s perspectives.Researchers may adopt two extreme behaviours when facing industrial problems, which can often be found in the literature on ERP. They may first behave as actors, operationally involved in projects andtrying as a consequence to solve problems through actions. They may also be an observer, which is often the case for sociologists, trying to understand and explain what they see without direct interference. In that case, action is a not necessarily a mandatory consequence ofaresearchapproach. The paper by S. Le Loarne has been chosen to illustrate this trend: consequences of a problematic implementation are observed and detailed; including centralization, standardisation of activities and poor consistence of the standard processes with operational reality; leading to a description of how the users have to bypass the system in order to be able to perform their daily work. While the author makes the hypothesis that transgression is required for handling such problems, other possibilities will be suggested by the subsequent articles of this special issue.A clear point when considering ERP implementation is that both the characteristics of the company and the way the project is conducted have a critical influence on the success of the implementation process. We have selected for this special issue two articles aiming at identifying the key success factors of an ERP implementation process, through two very different approaches: generalisation from some industrial cases, which is the most commonly used method, and statistical analysis based on a more considerable sample of experiments. J. Motwani, R. Subramanian and P. Gopalakrishna compare four implementations of ERP systems, and draw generic conclusions on the basis of an expert interpretation of what happened in the considered companies. On the other hand, I.C. Eihe and M. Madsen suggest using a factor analysis method to extract critical factors from 36 implementation case studies; identified through a questionnaire. Eight factors have been extracted from the 38 candidates, explaining 86% of the variance on the results. In spite of the convergence of their conclusions, it is interesting to notice that whereas Motwani et al. insist on the capacity of the companies to evolve, through their reactivity, learning capacity or change management practice, Eihe and Madsen focus on project management issues (project management principles, process re-engineering, top management support or consulting services availability). Both frameworks can be fruitfully applied to the case study of Le Loarne, leading to identify possible reasons of the difficulties emphasised in this article. In all cases, these contributions allow to clearly state a central problem of the implementation issue, namely the respective degree of adaptation, which is expected from the company and from the software in order to perform the integration of an efficient informationsystem and a competitive organisation. This matter will be developed with various points of views in the following contributions.As it has been often underlined, distinguishing between successful and non-successful implementation of ERP systems can be a difficult task, as most of the companies are reluctant to communicate on their difficulties. Beyond the classical issues of time and cost respect, this point sets the problem of being able to assess the benefit of the ERP implementation. During many years, a frustrating answer in many firms has been that the quantitative impact of the ERP implementation was very difficult to assess, the conclusion being often that luckily, the implementation was mandatory. It seems now that ERP implementation has finally reached a certain maturity, more and more articles suggesting answers to this problem. D. Chand, G. Hacheley, J. Hunton, V. Owhoso and S. Vasudevan promote the use of Balanced Score Card (BSC) framework for measuring the impact of ERP implementation. Theauthors suggest to instantiate the four topics of the classical framework of BSC (financial outcomes, customer needs, internal processes and learning and innovation facilities) at three dedicated levels which are influenced by the ERP: ‘‘automate’’, ‘‘informate’’ and ‘‘transformate’’. The resulting framework is compo sed of 12 items, which are successively described.The issue of the impact of ERP implementation is also discussed by V. Botta-Genoulaz and P.-A. Millet, specific emphasis being given on the optimization or ‘‘efficient use’’ of such integrated information systems. A classification of company positions regarding their ERP use is suggested based on two axes: software maturity and strategic deployment directions. According to the investigation conducted by the authors, the information system cannot support co mpany strategy without being mastered as a ‘‘tool’’. The issue of assessing ERP impact is illustrated on a practical example in the article by C. Berchet and G. Habchi, showing that a clear view of the postimplementation steps is required in order to optimize the use of an ERP. In the case studied, three postimplementation steps have for instance been distinguished, namely ‘‘stabilisation’’, when the user can assimilate and appropriate the tool, ‘‘progression’’, when the user can detect sources of improveme nts, and ‘‘evolution’’, when customization can be suggested for improving the efficiency of the ERP.Another point of interest of this article is that it clearly illustrates the impact of ERP implementation on the evolution through time of indicators such as number of anomalies in production lines, in the bills of materials, or in the MRP calculation.在近年,企业资源计划(ERP)系统逐渐成为公司信息系统的解决方案,覆及全球公司的各种活动。
ERP企业经营分析报告
ERP企业经营分析报告通过三天的学习,我的ERP沙盘模拟终于完成了,虽然只有短短三天的时间,却让我们体验了一个企业一般的运作过程,取得了许多学问.这是我第一次接触ERP,仿佛我我被带入了危机四伏的商场之中。
我组决定大胆的走产品差异化道路,将产品定位于P3,P2,尤其对P3初始期就大力的开发,随后当市场稳定后再强占P2市场。
因我们的起始年产品都以P1开始,于是我们就决定在前两年生产P1的同时开发P2,并且开发区域市场。
考虑到其他企业可能会对亚州、国内和国际市场及P2产品更有兴趣。
而我们把目光放在P3产品在国内市场的销售情况。
首先由产品需求量分析表上观察P3产品在本地市场与区域市场价格较高,需求较为稳定,我们就决定走产品单一化这一条战略来实现我们企业的最大利润。
首先,我们在开始经营前,对6年的各个市场的4种产品的订单情况作了一个简要的分析。
制定了我们的经营战略,在前两年主要做本地市场的P1产品,因为它的入手容易需求量大,市场价格较高。
可以为我们带来可观的利润和流动资金。
而在2、3、4年主要转战本地和国内的P2市场,在5、6年进入国内P3市场。
这些同样是权衡了市场需求量与市场价格变动。
第一年:我们的战略是在首年,不求行业老大,力争中游。
为P2市场的到来做准备。
我们在投入6M的广告后,发现其他竞争者均投入了比我们多的广告,只有3个小组投入6M,不幸的是我们被老天开了一个玩笑-拿到了最不好的订单。
这部在我们的计划内,但是我们马上制定了对应策略。
订单少,生产产品少,我们就利用生产线空闲的时间对其进行转产改造,为P2产品做准备。
第二年:由于我们P2生产线的领先优势,并且分析了其他对手的生产线,如果P2有7个产品的订单,那么只有我们有实力接单。
果不其然,我们抢占了P2市场。
第三年,我们已P2稳定的订单,较高的市场价格,扭转了第一年的败势。
我们研发的P2占领了市场,由于第一年我们的广告策略很失误,造成运营情况很不好,所以在充分了解到市场上尚没有竞争者生产P2,我们就可以仅用1个币的广告投放而保证不会失误。
ERP相关中英文对照
ERP中英文对照一、ERP实施阶段1、启动准备阶段Initial Phase项目章程Project charter项目计划Project plan2、分析阶段Analyze Phase现状业务调研问卷Questionnaire Research现有业务调研报告AS-IS目标流程设计与方案To-Be关键问题分析Key focus analysis差异分析报告Gap Analysis系统配置System configuration (Installation of hardware, software and infrastructure)3、设计、开发阶段Design/Build方案论证、方案测试solution validation and test开发方案设计function specification design and test客户化开发与单元测试customization development and unit test建立数据转换策略、制定安全控制标准data conversion strategy and security control standard 测试脚本和CRP测试test script and CRP test用户培训和用户手册End user training and user guide4、集成阶段Integrate切换策略及切换计划conversion strategy and conversion plan系统集成测试integration test生产系统设置Setup production5、实施阶段Implement用户接受测试User acceptance test (UAT)上线和切换计划implementation and transition plan系统切换和运行system cutover and rollout上线后支持post implementation support二、ERP各模块主要词汇1、财务Finance总帐GL(General ledger)现金收付制Cash basis会计科目Account会计期间Accounting Period分类帐Account ledger会计分录Journal Entry资产负债表Balance sheet银行对账Bank reconciliation银行对账单bank statement期初余额Beginning balance试算平衡Trial Balance损益表Income Statement现金流量表Cash Flow Statement重估Revaluation经常性日记账分录Recurring journal entry预算管理Budget management外币折算Foreign currency translation应收AR(Accounts Receivable)应收账帐龄分析Accounts receivable aging analysis应收账款收款期Accounts receivable collection period应收账冲销Accounts receivable Write-off应付AP (Accounts Payable)付款条件Payment term应付帐帐龄分析Accounts payable aging analysis应付帐冲销Accounts payable Write-off催款Collection分期付款Payment by installment延期付款Deferred payment固定资产FA(Fixed Assets)折旧Depreciation累计折旧Accumulated depreciation固定资产重估Reevaluation固定资产清理Disposal固定资产增值Appreciation高级成本ACA(Advanced cost accounting)基于活动的成本管理(ABC成本法) activity-based cost management 2、物流Logistics销售订单管理Sales Order Management客户关系管理Customer Relationship Management (CRM)销售报价Quotation销售报价下达Quotation release拣货单pick list发货确认shipment confirm延期订单back order增值税VAT Value added tax基价Base price高级定价Advanced pricing直接发运订单Direct ship order采购订单管理Purchase Order Management供应商关系管理Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)请购单Purchase requisition询价单Request for quote一揽子协议采购Blanket purchase order合约采购Contract purchase agreement收货路径Receipt route库存管理Inventory management加权平均法 Weighted average先进先出法 First-in, first-out or FIFO后进先出法 Lost-in, first-out or LIFO移动平均法 Moving average安全库存Safety stock仓储管理Warehouse management运输管理Transportation management3、制造Manufacturing产品数据管理Product Data Management (PDM) 离散制造Discrete manufacturing流程制造Process manufacturing重复制造Repetitive manufacturing物料清单Bill of material工艺路线Routing工作中心Work center提前期Lead time累计提前期Cumulative lead time母件Parent item虚拟件Phantom item工程变更单Engineering change order零件清单Part list联/副产品Co-By product车间管理Work Shop Management资源能力计划Resource capacity planning物料计划material planning计划和排程Planning & Scheduling预测Forecasting质量管理Quality management成本管理Cost Management标准成本Standard cost实际成本Actual cost成本卷积Cost Rollup模拟成本Simulation cost冻结成本Frozen cost4、项目管理Project Management5、房地产管理Real estate management6、租赁管理Lease management7、人力资源管理Human resource management。
erp中英文对照字典
ERP中英文对照字典1 ABM Activity-based Management 基于作业活动管理2 AO Application Outsourcing 应用程序外包3 APICS American Production and Inventory Control Society,Inc 美国生产与库存管理协会4 APICS Applied Manufacturing Education Series 实用制造管理系列培训教材5 APO Advanced Planning and Optimization 先进计划及优化技术6 APS Advanced Planning and Scheduling 高级计划与排程技术7 ASP Application Service/Software Provider 应用服务/软件供应商8 ATO Assemble To Order 定货组装9 ATP Available To Promise 可供销售量(可签约量)10 B2B Business to Business 企业对企业(电子商务)11 B2C Business to Consumer 企业对消费者(电子商务)12 B2G Business to Government 企业对政府(电子商务)13 B2R Business to Retailer 企业对经销商(电子商务)14 BIS Business Intelligence System 商业智能系统15 BOM Bill Of Materials 物料清单16 BOR Bill Of Resource 资源清单17 BPR Business Process Reengineering 业务/企业流程重组18 BPM Business Process Management 业务/企业流程管理19 BPS Business Process Standard 业务/企业流程标准20 C/S Client/Server(C/S)\Browser/Server(B/S) 客户机/服务器\浏览器/服务器21 CAD puter-Aided Design 计算机辅助设计22 CAID puter-Aided Industrial Design 计算机辅助工艺设计23 CAM puter-Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造24 CAPP puter-Aided Process Planning 计算机辅助工艺设计25 CASE puter-Aided Software Engineering 计算机辅助软件工程26 CC Collaborative merce 协同商务27 CIMS puter Integrated Manufacturing System 计算机集成制造系统28 CMM Capability Maturity Model 能力成熟度模型29 MS Customer Oriented Manufacturing Management System 面向客户制造管理系统30 CORBA mon Object Request Broker Architecture 通用对象请求代理结构31 CPC Collaborative Product merce 协同产品商务32 CPIM Certified Production and Inventory Management 生产与库存管理认证资格33 CPM Critical Path Method 关键线路法34 CRM Customer Relationship Management 客户关系管理35 CRP capacity requirements planning 能力需求计划36 CTI puter Telephony Integration 电脑集成(呼叫中心)37 CTP Capable to Promise 可承诺的能力38 D Distributed ponent Object Model 分布式组件对象模型39 DCS Distributed Control System 分布式控制系统40 DMRP Distributed MRP 分布式MRP41 DRP Distribution Resource Planning 分销资源计划42 DSS Decision Support System 决策支持系统43 DTF Demand Time Fence 需求时界44 DTP Delivery to Promise 可承诺的交货时间45 EAI Enterprise Application Integration 企业应用集成46 EAM Enterprise Assets Management 企业资产管理47 ECM Enterprise merce Management 企业商务管理48 ECO Engineering Change Order 工程变更订单49 EDI Electronic Data Interchange 电子数据交换50 EDP Electronic Data Processing 电子数据处理51 EEA Extended Enterprise Applications 扩展企业应用系统52 EIP Enterprise Information Portal 企业信息门户53 EIS Executive Information System 高层领导信息系统54 EOI Economic Order Interval 经济定货周期55 EOQ Economic Order Quantity 经济订货批量(经济批量法)56 EPA Enterprise Proficiency Analysis 企业绩效分析57 ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源计划58 ERM Enterprise Resource Management 企业资源管理59 ETO Engineer To Order 专项设计,按订单设计60 FAS Final Assembly Schedule 最终装配计划61 FCS Finite Capacity Scheduling 有限能力计划62 FMS Flexible Manufacturing System 柔性制造系统63 FOQ Fixed Order Quantity 固定定货批量法64 GL General Ledger 总账65 GUI Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面66 HRM Human Resource Management 人力资源管理67 HRP Human Resource Planning 人力资源计划68 IE Industry Engineering/Internet Exploration 工业工程/浏览器69 ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织70 ISP Internet Service Provider 互联网服务提供商71 ISPE International Society for Productivity Enhancement 国际生产力促进会72 IT/GT Information/Group Technology 信息/成组技术73 JIT Just In Time 准时制造/准时制生产74 KPA Key Process Areas 关键过程域75 KPI Key Performance Indicators 关键业绩指标76 LP Lean Production 精益生产77 MES Manufacturing Executive System 制造执行系统78 MIS Management Information System 管理信息系统79 MPS Master Production Schedule 主生产计划80 MRP Material Requirements Planning 物料需求计划81 MRPII Manufacturing Resource Planning 制造资源计划82 MTO Make To Order 定货(订货)生产83 MTS Make To Stock 现货(备货)生产84 OA Office Automation 办公自动化85 OEM Original Equipment Manufacturing 原始设备制造商86 OPT Optimized Production Technology 最优生产技术87 OPT Optimized Production Timetable 最优生产时刻表88 PADIS Production And Decision Information System 生产和决策管理信息系统89 PDM Product Data Management 产品数据管理90 PERT Program Evaluation Research Technology 计划评审技术91 PLM Production Lifecycle Management 产品生命周期管理92 PM Project Management 项目管理93 POQ Period Order Quantity 周期定量法94 PRM Partner Relationship Management 合作伙伴关系管理95 PTF Planned Time Fence 计划时界96 PTX Private Trade Exchange 自用交易97 RCCP Rough-Cut Capacity Planning 粗能力计划98 RDBM Relational Data Base Management 关系数据库管理99 RPM Rapid Prototype Manufacturing 快速原形制造100 RRP Resource Requirements Planning 资源需求计划101 SCM Supply Chain Management 供应链管理102 SCP Supply Chain Partnership 供应链合作伙伴关系86 OPT Optimized Production Technology 最优生产技术87 OPT Optimized Production Timetable 最优生产时刻表88 PADIS Production And Decision Information System 生产和决策管理信息系统89 PDM Product Data Management 产品数据管理90 PERT Program Evaluation Research Technology 计划评审技术91 PLM Production Lifecycle Management 产品生命周期管理92 PM Project Management 项目管理93 POQ Period Order Quantity 周期定量法94 PRM Partner Relationship Management 合作伙伴关系管理95 PTF Planned Time Fence 计划时界96 PTX Private Trade Exchange 自用交易97 RCCP Rough-Cut Capacity Planning 粗能力计划98 RDBM Relational Data Base Management 关系数据库管理99 RPM Rapid Prototype Manufacturing 快速原形制造100 RRP Resource Requirements Planning 资源需求计划101 SCM Supply Chain Management 供应链管理102 SCP Supply Chain Partnership 供应链合作伙伴关系103 SFA Sales Force Automation 销售自动化104 SMED Single-Minute Exchange Of Dies 快速换模法105 SOP Sales And Operation Planning 销售与运作规划106 SQL Structure Query Language 结构化查询语言107 TCO Total Cost Ownership 总体运营成本108 TEI Total Enterprise Integration 全面企业集成109 TOC Theory Of Constraints/Constraints managemant 约束理论/约束管理110 TPM Total Productive Maintenance 全员生产力维护111 TQC Total Quality Control 全面质量控制112 TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理113 WBS Work Breakdown System 工作分解系统114 XML eXtensible Markup Language 可扩展标记语言115 ABC Classification(Activity Based Classification) ABC分类法116 ABC costing 作业成本法117 ABC inventory control ABC 库存控制118 abnormal demand 反常需求119 acquisition cost ,ordering cost 定货费120 action message 行为/活动(措施)信息121 action report flag 活动报告标志122 activity cost pool 作业成本集123 activity-based costing(ABC) 作业基准成本法/业务成本法124 actual capacity 实际能力125 adjust on hand 调整现有库存量126 advanced manufacturing technology 先进制造技术127 advanced pricing 高级定价系统128 AM Agile Manufacturing 敏捷制造129 alternative routing 替代工序(工艺路线)130 Anticipated Delay Report 拖期预报131 anticipation inventory 预期储备132 apportionment code 分摊码133 assembly parts list 装配零件表134 automated storage/retrieval system 自动仓储/检索系统135 Automatic Rescheduling 计划自动重排136 available inventory 可达到库存137 available material 可用物料138 available stock 达到库存139 available work 可利用工时140 average inventory 平均库存141 back order 欠交(脱期)订单142 back scheduling 倒排(序)计划/倒序排产? 143 base currency 本位币144 batch number 批号145 batch process 批流程146 batch production 批量生产147 benchmarking 标杆瞄准(管理)148 bill of labor 工时清单149 bill of lading 提货单150 branch warehouse 分库151 bucketless system 无时段系统152 business framework 业务框架153 business plan 经营规划154 capacity level 能力利用水平155 capacity load 能力负荷156 capacity management 能力管理157 carrying cost 保管费158 carrying cost rate 保管费率159 cellular manufacturing 单元式制造160 change route 修改工序161 change structure 修改产品结构162 check point 检查点163 closed loop MRP 闭环MRP164 mon Route Code(ID) 通用工序标识165 ponent-based development 组件(构件)开发技术166 concurrent engineering 并行(同步)工程167 conference room pilot 会议室模拟168 configuration code 配置代码169 continuous improvement 进取不懈170 continuous process 连续流程171 cost driver 作业成本发生因素172 cost driver rate 作业成本发生因素单位费用173 cost of stockout 短缺损失174 cost roll-up 成本滚动计算法175 crew size 班组规模176 critical part 急需零件177 critical ratio 紧迫系数178 critical work center 关键工作中心179 CLT Cumulative Lead Time 累计提前期180 current run hour 现有运转工时181 current run quantity 现有运转数量182 customer care 客户关怀183 customer deliver lead time 客户交货提前期184 customer loyalty 客户忠诚度185 customer order number 客户订单号186 customer satisfaction 客户满意度187 customer status 客户状况188 cycle counting 周期盘点189 DM Data Mining 数据挖掘190 Data Warehouse 数据仓库191 days offset 偏置天数192 dead load 空负荷193 demand cycle 需求周期194 demand forecasting 需求预测195 demand management 需求管理196 Deming circle 戴明环197 demonstrated capacity 实际能力198 discrete manufacturing 离散型生产199 dispatch to 调度200 DRP Distribution Requirements Planning 分销需求计划201 drop shipment 直运202 dunning letter 催款信203 ECO workbench ECO工作台204 employee enrolled 在册员工205 employee tax id 员工税号206 end item 最终产品207 engineering change mode flag 工程变更方式标志208 engineering change notice 工程变更通知209 equipment distribution 设备分配210 equipment management 设备管理211 exception control 例外控制212 excess material analysis 呆滞物料分析213 expedite code 急送代码214 external integration 外部集成215 fabrication order 加工订单216 factory order 工厂订单217 fast path method 快速路径法218 fill backorder 补足欠交219 final assembly lead time 总装提前期220 final goods 成品221 finite forward scheduling 有限顺排计划222 finite loading 有限排负荷223 firm planned order 确认的计划订单224 firm planned time fence 确认计划需求时界225 FPR Fixed Period Requirements 定期用量法226 fixed quantity 固定数量法227 fixed time 固定时间法228 floor stock 作业现场库存229 flow shop 流水车间230 focus forecasting 调焦预测231 forward scheduling 顺排计划232 freeze code 冻结码233 freeze space 冷冻区234 frozen order 冻结订单235 gross requirements 毛需求236 hedge inventory 囤积库存237 in process inventory 在制品库存238 in stock 在库239 incrementing 增值240 indirect cost 间接成本241 indirect labor 间接人工242 infinite loading 无限排负荷243 input/output control 投入/产出控制244 inspection ID 检验标识245 integrity 完整性246 inter panies 公司内部间247 interplant demands 厂际需求量248 inventory carry rate 库存周转率249 inventory cycle time 库存周期250 inventory issue 库存发放251 inventory location type 仓库库位类型252 inventory scrap 库存报废量253 inventory transfers 库存转移254 inventory turns/turnover 库存(资金)周转次数255 invoice address 发票地址256 invoice amount gross 发票金额257 invoice schedule 发票清单258 issue cycle 发放周期259 issue order 发送订单260 issue parts 发放零件261 issue policy 发放策略262 item availability 项目可供量263 item description 项目说明264 item number 项目编号265 item record 项目记录266 item remark 项目备注267 item status 项目状态268 job shop 加工车间269 job step 作业步骤270 kit item 配套件项目271 labor hour 人工工时272 late days 延迟天数273 lead time 提前期274 lead time level 提前期水平275 lead time offset days 提前期偏置(补偿)天数276 least slack per operation 最小单个工序平均时差277 line item 单项产品278 live pilot 应用模拟279 load leveling 负荷量280 load report 负荷报告281 location code 仓位代码282 location remarks 仓位备注283 location status 仓位状况284 lot for lot 按需定货(因需定量法/缺补法)285 lot ID 批量标识286 lot number 批量编号287 lot number traceability 批号跟踪288 lot size 批量289 lot size inventory 批量库存290 lot sizing 批量规划291 low level code 低层(位)码292 machine capacity 机器能力293 machine hours 机时294 machine loading 机器加载295 maintenance ,repair,and operating supplies 维护修理操作物料296 make or buy decision 外购或自制决策297 management by exception 例外管理法298 manufacturing cycle time 制造周期时间299 manufacturing lead time 制造提前期300 manufacturing standards 制造标准301 master scheduler 主生产计划员302 material 物料303 material available 物料可用量304 material cost 物料成本305 material issues and receipts 物料发放和接收306 material management 物料管理307 material manager 物料经理308 material master,item master 物料主文件309 material review board 物料核定机构310 measure of velocity 生产速率水平311 memory-based processing speed 基于存储的处理速度312 minimum balance 最小库存余量313 Modern Materials Handling 现代物料搬运314 month to date 月累计315 move time , transit time 传递时间316 MSP book flag MPS登录标志317 multi-currency 多币制318 multi-facility 多场所319 multi-level 多级320 multi-plant management 多工厂管理321 multiple location 多重仓位322 net change 净改变法323 net change MRP 净改变式MRP324 net requirements 净需求325 new location 新仓位326 new parent 新组件327 new warehouse 新仓库328 next code 后续编码329 next number 后续编号330 No action report 不活动报告331 non-nettable 不可动用量332 on demand 急需的333 on-hand balance 现有库存量334 on hold 挂起335 on time 准时336 open amount 未清金额337 open order 未结订单/开放订单338 order activity rules 订单活动规则339 order address 订单地址340 order entry 订单输入341 order point 定货点342 order point system 定货点法343 order policy 定货策略344 order promising 定货承诺345 order remarks 定货备注346 ordered by 定货者347 overflow location 超量库位348 overhead apportionment/allocation 间接费分配349 overhead rate,burden factor,absorption rate 间接费率350 owner's equity 所有者权益351 parent item 母件352 part bills 零件清单353 part lot 零件批次354 part number 零件编号355 people involvement 全员参治356 performance measurement 业绩评价357 physical inventory 实际库存358 picking 领料/提货359 planned capacity 计划能力360 planned order 计划订单361 planned order receipts 计划产出量362 planned order releases 计划投入量363 planning horizon 计划期/计划展望期364 point of use 使用点365 Policy and procedure 工作准则与工作规程366 price adjustments 价格调整367 price invoice 发票价格368 price level 物价水平369 price purchase order 采购订单价格370 priority planning 优先计划371 processing manufacturing 流程制造372 product control 产品控制373 product family 产品系列374 product mix 产品搭配组合375 production activity control 生产作业控制376 production cycle 生产周期377 production line 产品线378 production rate 产品率379 production tree 产品结构树380 PAB Projected Available Balance 预计可用库存(量) 381 purchase order tracking 采购订单跟踪382 quantity allocation 已分配量383 quantity at location 仓位数量384 quantity backorder 欠交数量385 quantity pletion 完成数量386 quantity demand 需求量387 quantity gross 毛需求量388 quantity in 进货数量389 quantity on hand 现有数量390 quantity scrapped 废品数量391 quantity shipped 发货数量392 queue time 排队时间393 rated capacity 额定能力394 receipt document 收款单据395 reference number 参考号396 regenerated MRP 重生成式MRP397 released order 下达订单398 reorder point 再订购点399 repetitive manufacturing 重复式生产(制造) 400 replacement parts 替换零件401 required capacity 需求能力402 requisition orders 请购单403 rescheduling assumption 重排假设404 resupply order 补库单405 rework bill 返工单406 roll up 上滚407 rough cut resource planning 粗资源计划408 rounding amount 舍入金额409 run time 加工(运行)时间410 safety lead time 安全提前期411 safety stock 安全库存412 safety time 保险期413 sales order 销售订单414 scheduled receipts 计划接收量(预计入库量/预期到货量) 415 seasonal stock 季节储备416 send part 发送零件417 service and support 服务和支持418 service parts 维修件419 set up time 准备时间420 ship address 发运地址421 ship contact 发运单联系人422 ship order 发货单423 shop calendar 工厂日历(车间日历)424 shop floor control 车间作业管理(控制) 425 shop order , work order 车间订单426 shrink factor 损耗因子(系数)427 single level where used 单层物料反查表428 standard cost system 标准成本体系429 standard hours 标准工时430 standard product cost 标准产品成本431 standard set up hour 标准机器设置工时432 standard unit run hour 标准单位运转工时433 standard wage rate 标准工资率434 status code 状态代码435 stores control 库存控制436 suggested work order 建议工作单437 supply chain 供应链438 synchronous manufacturing 同步制造/同期生产439 time bucket 时段(时间段)440 time fence 时界441 time zone 时区442 top management mitment 领导承诺443 total lead time 总提前期444 transportation inventory 在途库存445 unfavorable variance, adverse 不利差异446 unit cost 单位成本447 unit of measure 计量单位448 value chain 价值链449 value-added chain 增值链450 variance in quantity 量差451 vendor scheduler,supplier scheduler 采购计划员/供方计划员452 vendor scheduling 采购计划法453 Virtual Enterprise(VE)/ Organization 虚拟企业/公司454 volume variance 产量差异455 wait time 等待时间456 where-used list 反查用物料单457 work center capacity 工作中心能力458 workflow 工作流459 work order 工作令460 work order tracking 工作令跟踪461 work scheduling 工作进度安排462 world class manufacturing excellence 国际优秀制造业463 zero inventories 零库存464465 Call/Contact/Work/Cost center 呼叫/联络/工作/成本中心466 Co/By-product 联/副产品467 E-merce/E-Business/E-Marketing 电子商务/电子商务/电子集市468 E-sales/E-procuement/E-partner 电子销售/电子采购/电子伙伴469 independent/dependent demand 独立需求/相关需求件470 informal/formal system 非/规X化管理系统471 Internet/Intranet/Extranet 互联网/企业内部网/企业外联网472 middle/hard/soft/share/firm/group ware 中间/硬/软/共享/固/群件473 pegging/kitting/netting/nettable 追溯(反查)/配套出售件/净需求计算474 picking/dispatch/disbursement list 领料单(或提货单)/派工单/发料单475 preflush/backflush/super backflush 预冲/倒冲法/完全反冲476 yield/scrap/shrinkage (rate) 成品率/废品率/缩减率477 scrap/shrinkage factor 残料率(废品系数)/损耗系数478479 costed BOM 成本物料清单480 engineering BOM 设计物料清单481 indented BOM 缩排式物料清单482 manufacturing BOM 制造物料清单483 modular BOM 模块化物料清单484 planning BOM 计划物料清单485 single level BOM 单层物料清单486 summarized BOM 汇总物料清单487488 account balance 账户余额489 account code 账户代码490 account ledger 分类账491 account period 会计期间492 accounts payable 应付账款493 accounts receivable 应收账款494 actual cost 实际成本495 aging 账龄496 balance due 到期余额497 balance in hand 现有余额498 balance sheet 资产负债表499 beginning balance 期初余额500 cash basis 现金收付制501 cash on bank 银行存款502 cash on hand 现金503 cash out to 支付给504 catalog 目录505 category code 分类码506 check out 结帐507 collection 催款508 cost simulation 成本模拟509 costing 成本核算510 current assets 流动资产511 current liabilities 流动负债512 current standard cost 现行标准成本513 detail 明细514 draft remittance 汇票汇出515 end of year 年末516 ending availables 期末可供量517 ending balance 期末余额518 exchange rate 汇率519 expense 费用520 financial accounting 财务会计521 financial entity 财务实体522 financial reports 财务报告523 financial statements 财务报表524 fiscal period 财务期间525 fiscal year 财政年度526 fixed assets 固定资产。
ERP中英文词典
Words Chinese Remark (foreign) exchange gain 汇兑收益 SAP (foreign) exchange loss 汇兑损失 SAP (investment) support allocation list 投资分配表 SAP (investment) support allocation year 投资分配年度 SAP13 period accounting 13会计期 4-4-5 period accounting 4-4-5 期间会计 Aabap/4 cluster database abap/4 簇式数据库 SAPSAP abap/4 code abap/4 代码SAP abap/4 data type abap/4 数据类型abap/4 development workbench abap/4 开发工作台 SAPSAP abap/4 dictionary abap/4 词典 abap/4 dictionary information system abap/4 词典信息系统 SAPSAP abap/4 key word abap/4 关键词SAP abap/4 module pool abap/4 模块存储SAP abap/4 native sql abap/4 内含式 sqlSAP abap/4 open sql abap/4 开放式 sqlSAP abap/4 parameter abap/4 参数SAP abap/4 program abap/4 程序 abap/4 query abap/4 查询SAPSAP abap/4 report abap/4 报告SAP abap/4 repository abap/4 资源库 abap/4 repository information system abap/4 资源库信息系统 SAPSAP abap/4 select option abap/4 选择项SAP abap/4 variable abap/4 变量SAPabc analysis ABC分析abc usage summary (inv220) ABC用途汇总 abc usage summary report ABC用途汇总报表 abnormal (value,data) 异常(值,数据) abnormal end 非正常结束 SAP abnormal termination 非正常终止 SAP abort 异常退出 absolute total commitments 绝对贷款承诺总额 SAP absolute value 绝对值 absorb 吸收 absorb forecast 吸收法预测 absorption 吸收作用 absorption of forecasts 预测的吸收法SAP acc. to 依照 accelerated cost recovery system 加速成本回收系统 accelerated depreciation 加速折旧 accept 验收,接收 acceptance dates 验收日期 acceptance test 认可性测试 SAPSAP access 存取 access authorization 访问授权 SAP access character 存取字符 SAP access depth 访问深度 SAP access directions 存取范围 access number 存取编号 SAP access path 访问路径 SAP access protection 访问保护 SAP access rate 访问速率 SAP access routine 存取例程 SAP access sequence 访问顺序 SAP access sequences 存取顺序 SAPSAP access to 访问 accessible 可用存取的SAP accompanying sheet 附表 accord 约定 according to product 根据产品而定 account 科目 account allocation 科目归集 SAP account assignment 科目设置 SAP account assignment category 科目设置类型 SAP account assignment element 科目确定元素 SAP account assignment elements 科目确定元素 SAP account assignment group 科目设置组 SAP account balance 科目余额 SAP account balance inquiry 科目余额查询 account balance interest calculation 帐户余额计息 SAP account category 帐户类别 SAPaccount category reference 帐户类别参考 SAP account changes 帐户更改 SAP account code structure 科目代码结构 account codes 科目代码 account comparison 帐户比较 SAP account control indicator 科目管理标记 SAP account data 科目数据 account definition 科目定义 account definition inquiry 科目定义查询 account definition listing 科目定义显示 account definition maintenance 科目定义维护 account definition program (gld103) 科目定义程序 account description 科目描述 account details 帐户明细 SAP account determination 科目确定 SAP account determination key 科目确定码 SAP account determination procedure 科目确定过程 SAP account determination type 科目确定类型 SAPSAP account group 帐户组 account group info 科目组信息 SAP account groups and number ranges 科目组及号码范围 SAP account hierarchy 科目结构 account holder 银行户主 SAP account inquiry (acr300) 科目查询 account life 科目有效期 SAP account lookup 科目查找 account lookup display(screen gld381-01) 科目查找显示 account lookup program (gld381) 科目查找程序 account maintenance 帐户维护 SAP account management 帐户管理 SAP account master load program (gld080) 科目主程序装入程序 account no. 科目号 account number 科目号 account number segment 科目号分隔 account number sequence 科目号顺序SAP account payable 应付帐 account reading 科目输入 account receivable 应收帐SAPSAP account reconciliation 对帐 account record type 科目记录类型 account relationship 科目间关系 account security level 科目保密级别 account statement 帐面清单 SAP account statement entry 对帐单分录 SAP account summarization 科目汇总 account symbol 帐户符号 SAP account total 科目总计 account type 帐户种类 SAP account type life 帐户种类有效期 SAP accounting 会计,记帐方法 accounting and production control purposes 会计与生产控制目的 accounting area 会计主体 SAP accounting bases 会计基础 accounting document 会计凭证 SAP accounting period 会计期段 accounting period group of controls 会计期段控制组 accounting period inquiry 会计期段查询 accounting projection 会计预测 accounting purposes 会计用途 accounting transaction 会计业务 SAP accounting year inquiry 会计年查询SAP accounts payable 应付帐 accounts payable applications control program 应付帐应用控制程序 accounts payable bank reconciliation file 应付帐银行调节文件 accounts payable code 应付帐代码 accounts payable file (aph) 应付帐文件 accounts payable g/l distribution file 应付帐总帐分摊文件 accounts payable g/l distribution file (apg) 应付帐总帐分摊文件 accounts payable guide 应付帐款指南 accounts payable liability 应付帐负债 accounts payable line file (apl) 应付帐明细文件 accounts payable payment file (amh) 应付帐付款文件 accounts payable payment line file (amt) 应付帐付款明细文件accounts payable product 应付帐产品 accounts payable reconciliation 应付帐调节 accounts payable reconciliation file (abr) 应付帐调节文件 accounts payable report 应付帐报告 accounts payable statement 应付帐报表 accounts payable tax amount paid file (atp) 应付帐已付税款金额文件 accounts payable tax history file (atx) 应付帐税款历史文件 accounts payable transactions 应付帐事务 accounts payable/maintenance 应付帐/维护 accounts payablt interface 应付帐接口 accounts radio button 科目单选钮SAP accounts receivable 应收帐 accounts receivable aging by salesperson 依销售员列应收帐帐龄 accounts receivable balance 应收帐余额 accounts receivable cash and memo posting 应收帐现金与摘要过帐 accounts receivable document 应收帐文档 accounts receivable file 应收帐文件 accounts receivable period colse 应收帐期间结算 accounts receivable processing 应收帐处理 accounts receivable product 应收帐产品 accounts receivable run instructions 应收帐运行指令 accounts receivable statement 应收帐目表 accounts receivable trial balance 应收帐试算表 accounts statement 帐目报表 accredited standards committee x12 x12信贷标准委员会 SAPSAP accrual 应计 accrual account 应计帐目 accrual amount 应计金额 accrual and deferral 待摊和预提 SAP accrual and reversal 应计与回转 accrual billing document 应计开票单据 SAP accrual date 应计日期 accrual interval 应计间隔 SAP accrual period 应计期间 SAP accrual profit center 应计利润中心 accrual profit certer/account code combination 应计利润中心/科目代码组 accrual reversal 应计回转 accrual reversal date 应计回转日期 accrual reversal flag value 应计回转标志值 accrual/deferral document 待摊/预提凭证 SAP accrual/deferral posting 待摊/预提记帐 SAP accruals account 应计项目科目 SAP accruals and deferrals account 待摊/预提科目 SAP accrue 应计SAP accrue (interest) 生息 accrued expense and deferred income 预提费用和递延收益 SAP accrued income 应计收益 SAP accrued item 应计项目 SAP accrued liability account 应计负债科目 accrued liability account amount 应计负债科目金额 accrued liability account code 应计负债科目代码 accrued liability account total 应计负债科目总计 acct groups/numbers 科目组/科目号码 SAP accumulate 累计 accumulate year-to-date checkbox 年累计检查框 accumulated balance audit trail 累计余额审计线索 SAP accumulated depreciation 累计折旧 SAP accumulated depreciation account 累计折旧科目 SAP accumulated depreciation ackowledgement 累计折旧确认 accumulated reserve 累计储备 accumulated yearly payments 年付款总额 SAP accumulation of accounts 科目累计 accumulation of totals 总额累计 accurate and timely inventory balance 精确及时库存余额 acdessachilles' heel 关键弱点 acknowledgement advice 收函建议 SAP acknowledgement request 收函请求 SAP ackowledge (to) 确认 ackowledgement notice 确认注释 acquisition and production costs 购置和生产成本 SAP acquisition list 购置清单 SAPSAP acquisition tax 购置税acquisition tax cred acquisition tax credSAPSAP acquisition tax deb. acquisition tax deb. acquisition year 购置年份 SAP across the board 全面的 action 作用 action bar 作用 action bucket 活动栏目 action chart 活动图 action code 活动代码 action codes 活动代码 action column 作用列次 action diagramming 作用图 action index 动作索引 SAP action message 作用信息 action procedure 行为过程 SAP action statement 作用语句 SAPSAP activate 激活 activate a field 激活一字段 SAP activate accesses 激活接近 SAP activate all 激活全部 SAP activate period 有效期间 SAP activation administrator 活动管理器 SAP activation flag 活动标志 SAP activation type 活动类型 SAP active 有效,现用 active component 有效组件 active control indicator 活动的控制指示器 SAP active date 用作日期 active file 有效的文件 active ingredient 有效(现用)成份 active item journal entry 有效项目凭证输入 active material allocations 有效材料分配 active operation 现用工序 active potency component 有效能力组件 active product 有效产品 active quote 现用报价 active version 活动版本 SAP active window 活动窗口 SAPSAP activities 作业SAP activity 作业 activity category 作业类型 SAP activity element 作业元素 SAP activity elements 作业元素 SAP activity flag 活动标志 activity input 作业量输入 SAP activity manufacturing 活动制造 activity output 作业量输出 SAP activity price 作业工资 SAP activity price computation 作业工资计算 SAP activity reason 活动原因 SAP activity recording 作业记录 SAP activity type 作业类型 SAP activity/operation number 作业/操作记录 SAP actual 实际的 actual conversion factor 实际的转换系数 actual cost 实际成本 actual cost data 实际成本数据 actual cost roll-up 数据成本累加(滚动) actual cost system 数据成本系统 actual cost total 实际成本总计 actual cost variance data 实际成本差异数据 actual costs 实际成本 SAP actual count data 数据盘点数据 actual date of the transaction 数据事务发生的日期 actual dates 实际日期 SAP actual discount 数据折扣 actual document 实际文件 SAP actual download 数据下载 actual facility/item costs 数据场所/项目成本 actual input 实际输入 actual invoice entry (acp500) 实际发票输入 actual item cost 实际项目成本 actual labor costs 实际人工成本actual manufacturing activities 实际生产活动 actual output 实际输出 actual output hours 实际输出小时数 actual parameter 实际参数 SAP actual percentage discount 实际百分比折扣 actual price 实际价格 actual price total 实际价格总计 actual production/purchasing decisions 实际生产/采购决策 actual releas/due date 实际发放/到期日 actual route 实际途径 SAP actual run rate 实际产出率 actual shop floor cost 实际车间成本 actual statistic radio button 实际统计单选钮 actual tax rate 实际税率 actual to buget values 实际与预算值之比 actual value 实际值 actuals 实际值SAP adapt 适配add-on 添加 add into inventory 增入库存 add maintenance mode 增加维护模式 add mode 增加模式 add pushbutton 增加按钮 addendum 附录 additional account assignment 补充科目设置 SAP additional data 其它数据 SAP additional description text 附加说明文字 additional fields 附加字段 SAP additional information 附加信息 SAP additional line items lookup 附加行项查找 additional note text line 附加注释文本行SAP additional tax 附加税 additional time 附加时间 SAPSAP additional value (cap) 附加值(CAP) additional value days 附加值天数 SAP additive constant 添加常量 addr. recursiveness 地址递归 SAPSAP address 定址 address administration 地址管理 SAPSAP address block 地址块 address data 地址数据 SAP address for reverse routing 反转路由地址 SAP address line 地址行SAP address list 地址表 address space 地址空间 SAP address specifics 地址明细 addressing mode 寻址方式 SAP adjust 缩放比例 SAP adjust downward 向下调整 adjust during batch balancing flag 批量平衡作业调整标志 adjust inventoty (to) 调整库存(到) adjust to 调整至 adjust tolerance days 调整允差天数 adjust upward 向上调整 adjusted standard cost estimate 调整的标准成本估算 SAP adjusting agent 调整因素 adjusting entry 调整输入 adjustment 调整量 adjustment field 调整字段 adjustment to net income for the period 年度盈余修正 SAP adjustment to net income for the period/retained earni未分配利润 SAP adjustment to retained earnings 未分配利润调整 SAP adjustment to stock 库存调整SAP administration block 管理块 administrative data 管理数据 SAP administrative time 管理时间SAP adopt 采纳 advance 先进 advance correction 高级纠错 SAPSAP advance payment 预付款 advanced process industries 高等流程工业 advanced process industries instructions 高等流程工业运行指令 advanced process industries main menu 高等流程工业主菜单advanced process industries product 高等流程工业产品 advanced program to program communication 程序通讯的高级程序 SAP advanced training 高级培训 advanced training class 高级培训课程 adverse 反向的,相反的 advertising campaign 广告运动 SAP advertising material 广告材料 SAPSAP adw position adw 位置 affect 影响 affect inventory or sales 对库存或销售的影响 affect p.o. quantity in inspection 影响在检采购定单量 affect receipts 影响接收 affect resupply order 影响补库定单 affecting net income 影响净收益的 SAP affiliate 协作 age 帐龄 age (v.) receivables 应收帐帐龄 age (verb) 帐龄 age of an invoice 发票帐龄 aged payables 应付款帐帐龄 aged payables report (acp210) 应付款帐帐龄分析表 aged trial balance 试算表帐龄 aggrebate inventory values 总体库存值 aggregating relationship type 集合关系类型 SAP aggressive forcast 进取性预测 aging 帐龄 aging days 帐龄天数 aging period 帐龄期间 aging report by company (acr410) 按公司帐龄分析表 aging report by salesperson (acr430) 按销售员帐龄分析表 aging report payables (acp210) 应付帐帐龄分析表 agreement 协议 agreement number 协议编号 SAP agreement type 协议类型 SAP aisle 工段 alert monitor 警告监控器 SAP alert type 警告类型 SAP algebraic relationship 代数关系SAP alignment key 对准码all companies to be consolidated 所有合并的公司 SAPall sales areas 所有销售部门 SAP allocatable 可分配的关系 allocatable warehouse 可分配的仓库 allocate 分配SAP allocate material component 物料组件分配 SAP allocate production resource/tool 生产资源/工具分配 SAP allocate to invoices 按发票分配 allocated and on-order quantities 已分配的及已定货量 allocated customer order line 已分配的客户定单行 allocation 分配 allocation (of articles) 分配(物品的) allocation (of costs) 分配(成本的) allocation adjustment program 分配调整程序 allocation base 分摊基值 SAP allocation concept 分摊原则 SAP allocation data 分配数据 allocation date 分配日期 allocation detail 分配明细 allocation detail report 分配明细报表 allocation flag 分配标志 allocation from inventory 由库存分配SAP allocation group 分摊组 allocation indicator 分配标记 SAP allocation logic 分配逻辑 allocation overrides 分配量置换 allocation program 分配程序 allocations of inventory 库存分配SAP allow 允许 allow post flag 允许过帐标志 allowance 津贴 allowance wage 允许工资SAP allowed values 允许值 allowed volume 允许体积 SAPallowed weight 允许重量 SAP alpha-sequenced 按字母顺序的 alpha customer look-up (acr310) 客户名单查询 alpha look-up key 按字母顺序查找键 alpha look-up name 按字母顺序查找名 alpha order 字母顺序 alpha search 按字母顺序检索 alpha search key 按字母顺序检索键 alphabetic sequence 按字母顺序 alphanumeric 字母数字的 alphanumeric code 字母数字代码 alphanumeric extreme 字母数字极限 alphanumeric field 字母数字字段 SAP alphanumeric or numeric extreme 字母数字或数字极限 alter 改变,修改 alternate item 替代项目 alternate item description 替代项目描述 alternate item list 替代项目清单 alternate item maintence 替代项目维护 alternate item number 替代项目号 alternate item print 替代项目打印 alternate item screen 替代项目屏幕 alternate operation 替换工序 alternate vendor 替换供应商 alternate vendor number 替换供应商号SAP alternative 替代 alternative sequences 替代顺序 SAP alternative units of measure 替代计量单位 SAP alternative chart of accounts 备选会计科目表 SAP alternative determination 替代确定 SAP alternative minumum tax 代用最低税 alternative mode 替换模式 SAP alternative payer 替代付款人 SAP alternative sequence 替代顺序 SAP alternative straight method 代用直接方式 alternative to item 项目代用物 SAP alternative unit (of measure) 代用计量单位 SAP alternative unit of measure 代用计量单位 SAP alternatives 替代SAP amend 修改 amendable fields 可修改的字段 amendment 修改 amortization of intangible assets 无形资产摊销 SAPSAP amount 金额 amount available 可用额 amount break 金额极限 amount due 到期金额 amount entered 输入金额 amount on hand 现有金额 amount ordered 已定货金额 amount outstanding 逾期金额 amount override 逾期金额 amount paid 已付金额 amount projections 金额预测 amount refunded 退款金额 SAP amount remaining 余额 amount selected 选择的金额 amount summary 金额汇总SAP amount to 合计 amount to cost 成本金额 amount tolerance filter 金额允差范围 amount type 金额类型 amount variance 金额差异 amount weighted by index 指数加权金额 SAP amountliability 负债金额 amounts per period 每个期段金额 analysis of discount taken 已获折扣的分析 analysis of potential 潜力分析 SAP analysis of the competition 竞争分析 SAP analysis period 分析期间 SAP analysis report 分析报表 analysis requirements 分析需求 analysis work 分析工作analyst buget data upload 分析预算数据上载SAPand operation and 运算 annonce 宣布 annoncement 宣布,布告,告示 annoncement date 发布日期 annual amount 每年金额 annual fee 年度费用 annual inventory quantity 年库存量 annual report 年度报告 SAP annual rule 年度规则 SAP annual sales 年销售额 SAP annual sales (batch input) 年销售额(批输入) SAP annual tax return 年度纳税申报 SAP annualize 年度化 ansi asc x12 ansi asc x12SAP anticipate 预计 anticipated discount 预计折扣 any range(s) of companies 任何公司范围 api item master API 项目主文件 api maintenance program API 维护程序 append 附加SAP append structure append 结构 appending 附加 appendix 附录 application-wide 应用范围 application-wide default 应用范围缺省值SAP application 应用 application area list 应用区域列表 SAP application area symbol 应用区域符号 SAP application areas 应用区域 SAP application backlog 应用延迟 application code 应用代码 application control 应用控制 application control file 应用控制文件 application control listing 应用控制清单 application control maintenance 应用控制维护 application control parameter 应用控制参数 application control program 应用控制程序 application data 应用数据 SAP application date 应用日期 application development 应用开发 application development backlog 应用开发延迟 application document 应用文件 SAP application files 应用文件 application filter 应用程序过滤器 SAP application icon 应用图标 SAPSAP application id 应用id application identification code 应用标志码 SAP application interfaces 应用接口SAP application layer 应用层 application level 应用级别 SAP application logic 应用逻辑 SAP application menu 应用菜单 SAP application of overhead 一般费用分摊 SAP application program 应用程序 SAP application program interface 应用程序接口 SAP application reference 应用参考 SAP application server 应用服务器 SAP application set 应用集 application software 应用软件 SAP application specification cloningapplication test 应用测试 SAP application toolbar 应用工具条 SAPSAP applications 应用 applications programmer 应用程序员 SAP apply 应用,施加,申请,提供 apply a credit memo 采用待项冲帐 apply a debit memo 采用借项冲帐 apply againstapply costs 申请费用 SAPSAP apportionment number 分摊数 appropriate 适当的 appropriate command key 适当命令键appropriate processing option 适当处理选择 appropriation of net income 净利润分配 SAPSAP approximate calculation 估算 architecture 结构SAP archive 归档 archive (verb) 归档 archive document id 档案文件id SAP archive header 档案表头 SAPSAP archive id 档案id archive lable 归档标号 archive, optical 光学档案 SAPSAP archivelog mode archivelog 模式 archives (noun) 档案 archiving date 存档日期 SAP archiving time 存档时间 SAP archiving, asynchronous 异步存档 SAP archiving, online 联机存档 SAP archiving, synchronous 同步存档 SAP area menu 区菜单SAP area of responsibility 责任范围 SAP area of validity 有效范围 SAP argument 指定查询项 argument/filter screen 指定查询项/过滤屏幕 argument/filter selection screen 指定查询项/过滤选择屏幕 arithmetic operation 算术操作 SAP arithmetic register 算术寄存器 SAPSAP arithmetic unit 运算器array 数组,行列 array offset 数组偏置 arrearage 欠款,拖欠 arrival sequence 到达顺序 arrival time 到达时间 SAP arrow key 箭头键SAP arrow keys 箭头键as appropriate 按适当的SAPas is analysis 分析as/400 AS/400 as/400 server AS/400 服务器 as/400 server files AS/400服务器文件 as/400 system interface instalation procedure AS/400系统接口安装程序 as/net AS/400 网络软件 as/set AS/400 CASE 软件 ascending numeric sequence 升序SAP ascending order 升序 ascoli piceno SAP assemble, compile 汇编,编译 SAP assemble-to-order 订单装配 SAP assemble-to-order company 按定单组装的公司 assemble-to-order item 按定单组装的项目 assemble 装配 assembled collection 装配采集 assembler global 全局汇编器 SAPSAP assemblies 装配SAP assembly 装配 assembly item 装配件 assembly line 装配线SAP assembly list 汇编表 assembly number 装配件号 assembly order 装配顺序 assembly overview 装配一览表 SAP assembly parts list 装配零件清单 assembly scrap 装配废品 SAP assess 估价 assessed value 估计价值 SAP assessment 估价 assessment cost element 分摊成本要素 SAP asset 资产 asset account 资产科目 SAP asset accounting 资产会计 SAP asset acquisition 资产购置 SAP asset capacity usage 资产利用率 SAP asset catalog 资产目录 SAP asset class 资产分类 SAPasset class catalog 资产分类目录 SAP asset cost basis 资产成本基准 asset data from previous years 上年结转资产数 SAP asset fiscal year change 会计年度资产变化 SAP asset goods receipt 固定资产接收 SAP asset group 资产组别 SAP asset history 资产的历史数据 SAP asset history sheet 资产一览表 SAP asset item 资产项目 SAP asset life 资产寿命 asset line item 资产行项目 SAP asset list 资产项目清单 SAP asset management 资产管理 SAP asset master maintenance 资产主文件维护 asset purchase order 资产订购单 SAP asset retirement 资产报废 asset transfer 资产转移 SAP asset type 资产种类 SAP asset under construction 在建资产 SAP asset value date 资产起用日 SAP asset view 资产总览 SAP asset year-end closing 资产年终结算 SAP assets & liabilities 资产与负债 assets directory 资产目录 SAP assign 分配、赋值 SAPSAP assign a value 赋值SAP assign values 赋值SAP assigned 分配的SAP assigning 分配 assigning new key 指定新键 SAPSAP assignment 分配 assignment control 归类控制 SAP assignment rule 分配规则 SAPSAP assignment table 分配表 assignment transaction 分配事务 SAP associate 相关 associated 相关的 associated commission code 相关佣金代码 association assigned code 关联指定代码 SAP assum 假设 assumption 假设 asterisk 星号 asterisk border 星号边线 asynchronous transmission 异步传送 SAPat a later time 在后来的时间 at billing time 在开发票时 at data entry time 在数据输入时 at final assembly order release time 在总装定单发放时 at invoice time 在发票输入时 at order entry time 在定单输入时 at run-time 在运行时间 SAPat shop order release time 在车间定单发放时 at standard 在标准 at this stage 在此阶段 at two levels 在2层(级) atp accumulated 可供销售量累计 atp inquiry program 可供销售量查询程序 atp inquiry screen 可供销售量查询屏幕 atp quantity 可签合同量 SAP attach 附加 attach manager 附加管理器 SAP attach to (to) 附加至 attach to attention key 附加至 Attn 键 attached mode 附加模式 attached mode radio button 附加模式单选钮 attaching to host dialog box 附加到主机对话框 attention key Attn 键 attribute 属性 attribute feature 属性特征 SAP audit 查账,审计 audit adjustment 查账调整 audit listing 查账清单 audit log 查账日志audit menu 查账菜单 audit period 查账期间 audit report 查账报表 audit report of postings 审计过帐报表 audit trail 查帐索引 SAP audit trail report 查账线索报表 auditing purposes 审计目的 auditor 审计员 augment 增加 augmentation 增加量,增加 author 作者 authority for exemption 减免的原因 SAPSAP authorization 授权 authorization administrator 授权管理者 SAP authorization body 授权人 authorization check 授权检查 SAP authorization class 授权等级 SAP authorization code 授权代码 SAP authorization component 授权组成 SAP authorization concept 授权原则 SAP authorization date 授权日期 authorization field 授权字段 SAPSAP authorization group 授权组 authorization information 授权信息 SAP authorization name 授权名称 authorization number 授权号 authorization object 授权对象 SAP authorization path 授权委托途径 SAP authorization profile 授权描述文件 SAP authorization trace 授权追踪 SAP authorize 授权 authorize detail report 授权明细报表 authorized to perform (function) 授权执行功能 authorized to run (procedure) 授权运行程序 auto-distribution account 自动分摊科目 auto post 自动过帐 automatic account determination 科目自动确定 SAP automatic container need calcuations 自动容器需求计算 automatic cost estimate 自动成本估算 SAP automatic credit check 自动信用检查 automatic data transfer 自动数据传输 SAP automatic distribution 自动分摊 automatic general ledger distribution of payables 自动总帐应收帐款分摊 automatic lot allocation 自动批分配 automatic p.o. number generation 自动产生邮编码 automatic posting 自动过帐 automatic posting from billing 从票据处理自动过帐 automatic pricing 自动定价 automatic reorder point planning 自动的再订货点计划 SAP automatic retrieval 自动检索 automatic reversal 自动回转 automatic time-stamping 自动计时 automatic under run planning adjustments 自动低于运行计划调整 automaticlly posted 自动过完帐 automobile component supplier industry 汽车部件供应行业 SAP auxiliary account 辅加科目 auxiliary file 辅助文件 SAP auxiliary function 辅助函数 SAP auxiliary program 辅助程序 SAPSAP availability 可用量 availability check 可用量核查 SAP availability control 可支配资金控制 SAP availability dates 可用日期 available-to-promise calculation 可供销售量计算 available-to-promise inquiry 可供销售量查询 available 有效 available amount 可支配金额 SAP available capacity 可用能力 SAP available choice 有效选择 SAP available date 有效日期 available performance measures 可用绩效评估 available to promise (atp) 可供销售货量SAP average 求平均average /hour 平均/小时 average costs 平均成本 average daily requirement 平均日需求量 average efficiency 平均效率 average hourly basis 平均小时基准 average invoice days 平均发票天数 average invoice size 平均发票数量 average payment days 平均支付天数 average quantity 平均量 average rate 平均汇率 SAP average rate type 平均汇率类型 average sales 平均小时量 avil閟 seaport SAP awaiting lab check 待实验室检查 Bb/b discount (bill back) 信誉折扣 b/n B/N back-end allocation 期后分摊 back-end allocation file 期后分摊文件 back-end allocation identifer 期后分摊标识 back-end allocation listing 期后分摊清单 back-end allocation maintenance 期后分摊维护 back-end allocation maintenance program (gldlll) 期后分摊维护程序 back-end allocation master file 期后分摊主文件 back-end allocation processing 期后分摊处理 back-end allocation processing program (gld530) 期后分摊处理程序 back-order code 逾期定单代码 back-up (to) 备份(到) back-up copy 备份拷贝 back order 逾期定单SAP back up 备份 backdated tax calculation 税收追索 SAP backflush 倒冲SAP backflush (as verb) 反冲 backflush transaction 反冲事务 backflushing 反冲 backflushing capability 反冲能力 background job 后台作业 SAP background processing 后台处理 SAP background processing system 后台处理系统 SAP backlog 未交付订单 SAP backlog calculation 未交订货-计算 SAP backlog is dispatched 未交付订单被处理 SAP backlon 储备(积累) backlon amount 储备金额 backlon problem (储备)积压问题 backorder 拖欠订单 SAP backorder flag 逾期定单标志 backorder handling 拖欠订单处理 SAP backorder processing 拖欠订单 处理 SAP backorder status 逾期定单状态 backordering 逾期定单 backorders 拖欠订单 SAP backup 备份SAP backup copy 备份 backup diskette 磁盘备份 backup simulation (for630) 模拟备份 backward consumption 倒序消耗 SAP backward scheduling 倒序排产计划 SAP backward/forward lot tracing screen 倒排/顺排 backward-schedule 倒排计划 backward lot trace 倒推批跟踪 backward trace 倒推跟踪 backwards lot traceability 倒排批跟踪能力 bacs (cash) 现金 bad debts 坏帐 bad raw material 坏原材料 badge 标记 badge card readers 标记阅读器 badge no 标记号 balance audit trail 余额审计线索 SAP balance carried forward 余额结转 SAP balance check 余额稽查 SAPbalance confirmation 余额确认 SAP balance inquiry 结帐询问 SAP balance notification 结帐通知 SAP balance request 结算请求 SAP balance sheet 资产负债表 SAP balance sheet account 资产负债表科目 SAP balance sheet adjustment 资产负债表调整 SAP balance sheet change 资产负债表变动 SAP balance sheet for tax purposes 资产负债表 - 税务目的 SAP balance sheet item 资产负债表的项目 SAP balance sheet value 资产负债表总计 SAPSAP balance statement 余额表 balance/net indicator 余额/净指标 balance-forward 移下页结转余额 balance (inventory) 余额 balance (verb) 平衡 balance account 科目余额 balance books 分类帐余额簿 balance inventory 库存余额 balance out 失去平衡 balance quantity 余额数量 balance sheet exchange rate 资产负债表兑换率 balance sheet rate 资产负债表比率 balance sheet rate type 资产负债表比率类型 balance to zero 余额为零 balance trial 余额跟踪 balanced by 平衡按 balanced set of books 平衡帐簿集 banbank account 银行往来帐 bank account code 银行往来帐代码 bank account master maintenance (acp140) 银行往来帐主文件维护 bank account number 银行往来帐号 bank bill 银行票据 SAP bank branch 分行 bank branch maintenance 银行分行维护 bank buying rate 银行买入价 SAP bank charge and interest expense account 银行手续费与利率费用科目 bank charge expense 银行手续费用 bank charge expense accont 银行手续费用科目 bank charge issued 银行手续费发出 bank charges 银行手续费 SAP bank charges and/or stamp taxes 银行手续费与/或印花税 bank code 银行代码 bank code/branch 银行代码/分行 bank collection procedure 银行托收法 SAP bank data... 银行数据... SAP bank details 银行帐户 SAP bank direct debiting procedure 银行直接借记法 SAP bank expense 银行费用 bank information to other program 到其他程序的银行信息 bank key 银行关键字 SAP bank master (acp140) 银行主文件 bank master data 银行主记录 SAP bank master listing 银行主文件清单 bank master maintenance 银行主文件维护 bank number 银行代号 SAP bank reconciliation file 银行调节文件 bank selling rate 银行卖出价 SAP bank statement 银行对帐单,银行月结单 bank statement posting (acp710) 银行对帐单过帐 bank statement posting program (acp710) 银行对帐单程序 bank transfer 银行转帐 bar-coder pick list 条形码领料单 bar chart 条线图 bar chart screen 条线图屏幕SAPbar code 条形码bar graph 条线图 bar graph summaries 条线图汇总 bar segment 模条图分割 barcoder 条形码阅读器 base unit of measure 基本计量单位 SAP base (for) 基于。
erp财务分析报告【精选】
erp财务分析报告【精选】erp全称Enterprise resource planning(译文:企业资源计划),ERP是针对物资资源管理(物流)、人力资源管理(人流)、财务资源管理(财流)、信息资源管理(信息流)集成一体化的企业管理软件。
它将包含客户/服务架构,使用图形用户接口,应用开放系统制作。
除了已有的标准功能,它还包括其它特性,如品质、过程运作管理、以及调整报告。
以下是erp财务分析报告,希望对你有帮助。
erp财务分析报告1 ERP是企业资源计划的简称,它主要是针对物资资源、人力资源、财务资源和信息资源的管理集成一体化的企业管理软件。
从传统的意义上理解,它能将企业内部所有资源整合在一起,对整个生产过程中的各个环节进行规划,从而达到最佳资源组合,取得最佳效益。
这学期我们学习了ERP沙盘模拟这门选修课,在老师的指导下,我们采用小组分工模式,分为CEO、财务部门、生产部门、采购部门和销售部门。
在学习了理论知识之后,针对我们所学的知识,动手实践,在模拟的公司中,对构成ERP 的各个组成部分进行沙盘模拟演练。
尽管在清盘的时候,看着我们不尽人意的沙盘和最终业绩,感觉到我们经验的缺乏与实践不足,但我们还是从惨痛的教训中吸取了经验。
实践操作过程中,我担任了财务总监的角色,携手我的财务助理对公司的财务资源进行管理和分配。
我的主要任务是每年年初协助CEO进行生产与销售预算,业务发生过程中对各笔经济业务进行记账与对账,在期初、每个季度完结以及年末的时候进行现金盘点,年末结算各种费用,编制利润表和资产负债表。
在操作过程中,我意识到做财务管理必须要有过硬的财务知识和严密谨慎的业务操作,而我专业知识的缺乏和不够细心,导致我在财务这块蒙受了巨大的挫折,下面我将阐述我做财务的经验和感想。
在现金支付与记账的过程中,必须做到细心和谨慎,每发生一笔经济业务的同时就得在相对应的会计科目上如实登记,做到账实相等,这也是后面计算费用、编制利润表和资产负债表的基础;每一年的年末,资产负债表是一定要做到资产=负债+所有者权益,这对于我来说是一件很困难的事情,总会出现一些偏差导致等式不平衡。
ERP年终总结报告:关键指标与成就总结
ERP年终总结报告:关键指标与成就总结】尊敬的领导、各位同事:时光荏苒,一转眼间我们已经来到了2021年的年底。
在这一年里,我们公司的ERP系统经历了许多挑战和变化,但也取得了不少可喜的成果。
现在,我代表ERP团队,向大家呈上一份年终总结报告,来总结本年度的工作成绩和经验体会。
一、关键指标总结至于我们团队,我们会从以下三个角度来分别对本年度的关键指标进行总结。
1.营收贡献今年我们公司的业绩和利润有了新的提升,其中ERP系统为我们的业绩作出了稳定的贡献。
根据数据显示,本年度ERP系统为公司创造的贡献约占整体营收的15.2%,其中最大贡献来自于采购和销售两个业务板块。
具体而言,今年ERP系统的功能升级和优化,使我们能够更高效地响应市场变化,提高了销售部门的业务能力,同时,采购部门也得以更好地管理采购计划、库存等流程,帮助公司降低了采购的成本,提高了采购效率。
这一数据的提高,为ERP团队赢得了企业的信赖,也为我们自己不断提高绩效和发挥作用提供了稳定的动力。
2.效率提升同时,我们的ERP系统也在一定程度上推进了公司内部的工作流程和效率。
按照实际调查,今年ERP系统的投入,为公司节约的时间和成本分别达到了15.5%和13.7%。
具体来说,ERP系统中的流程化和自动化机制,打通了部门之间、工作之间的信息交流,减少了人工操作,大幅度提升了生产和物流等方面的效率。
值得一提的是,我们引入的智能预测算法,为采购和生产计划提供了精准的预测和建议,使得公司能够更快地适应市场变化,应对需求的变化。
3.可靠度和安全性我们还要关注ERP系统在可靠性和安全性方面的表现。
本年度我们的ERP系统并没有发生任何大型故障和安全隐患,稳定可靠的表现获得了用户的一致好评。
在保护公司和客户信息的方面,我们在ERP 系统的升级和管理上较为重视,在内部安全审计准备方面也保持着高度的警惕性。
二、成就总结在关键指标的基础上,我们来总结一下ERP团队今年的成就。
ERP中文翻译
ERP中文翻译标题:THE ABC'S OF ERP(浅谈ERP)作者:Bartholomew, Doug1主题词:资源分配,企业资源计划(ERP),计算机软件,计算机系统,商业计划摘要:这篇论文关注的焦点是企业资源计划软件。
正当千年虫问题在ERP厂商繁荣时期上演时,他们就被一系列负面新闻报道所困扰,这些报道是关于在假设他们的软件能够完全运行的情况下,他们软件的复杂性和成本。
早在去年,美国固特异轮胎公司见证它的一个部门花了1900万美元的营业收入对公司的ERP系统进行调整,调整包括不能找到或重现前几年的帐的情况。
据这家公司的发言人说,固特异轮胎公司的问题是随着ERP实施出现的更为棘手的问题,不仅是软件本身的问题。
为了使这种巨大的软件投资费用获得最大的回报,这需要大量的工作计划——即便是你使用ERP系统已经很多年了。
正当千年虫问题在ERP厂商繁荣时期上演时,他们却被一系列负面新闻报道所围攻,这些报道是关于在假设他们的软件能够完全运行的情情况下,他们软件的复杂性和成本。
ERP 恐惧的故事大量存在,可能好时食品公司就是最著名的例子。
在1999年,这家公司由于在SAP软件的big-bang implementation实施战略出现的问题,导致了在第三季度的纯收益中损失了19%的收入。
古代历史?可能吧,但是就像去年一样,美国固特异轮胎公司见证它的一个部门花了1900万美元的营业收入对公司的ERP系统进行调整,调整包括不能确定和重创造以前年度的工资账户核对数目。
更显著的是,〈美〉国家航空和宇宙航行局指责2003年财务报表审计所带来的财政困难,造成了ERP 的混乱。
(看“〈美〉国家航空和宇宙航行局,我们有困难了”,首席财务官,五月)。
据这家公司的发言人说,“我们因该注意到固特异轮胎公司的问题是随着ERP实实施出现的更为棘手的问题,不仅是软件本身的问题。
”相似的是,NASA认为是新ERP系统的转换引发了出现审计方面的问题。
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An analysis of ERP annual report disclosures ERP年度报告披露的分析Elaine G.Mauldin,Sandra B.Richtermeyer(原文翻译.上)郭欢314030042015.12.12摘要企业资源计划方面的投资不仅越来越重要而且对于企业成功与否也至关重要。
之前有研究发现公司在技术方面投资的资本市场价值信息。
这个研究以在年度报告中披露ERP信息的公司和不披露ERP信息的公司为样本来考察他们的披露选择。
结果表明,公司在年度报告中通常选择不披露他们的ERP信息,而且是否选择披露这个信息与资本市场交易,公司绩效,公司规模,公司行业性质有显著相关关系。
对于那些选择披露ERP信息的公司,研究还报告了一个关于披露的描述性分析,并且总结了披露情况在成本,目标和风险这几个主要方面的显著多样性。
考虑到会计的的概念基础,公司之间的可比性增加了披露的信息价值。
研究结果发现,有必要建立一个附加标准来提高年度报告关于技术方面披露的价值。
关键词:ERP;自愿披露1.介绍这项研究考察了有ERP信息披露的公司,并且把这些公司与实施了ERP系统,但没有在年度报告中披露ERP信息的公司做比较。
当前关于ERP投资在年度报告中披露的管控标准是不明确不完全的,导致披露情况出现多样性。
披露情况的多样性会减少年度报告的价值。
根据财务会计准则委员会,有价值的的披露帮助投资者和债权人更好地了解公司情况,并依此使资本配置更有效率(FASB,2001)。
之前的研究证实了上述说法,认为广泛的自愿披露通常与提高了的股票流动性,资本成本的减少,以及金融分析师的增长预测有关(Healy and Palepu,2001)。
FASB概念性陈述2号文件确立了可比性和一致性的重要程度,并且说明了可比性和一致性分别在高质量,有价值的会计信息中的地位。
得到可比性和一致性最基本的手段是年度报告中披露的条款。
围绕ERP实施的财务问题和相关活动的披露对于财务报告使用者要遵循重要性原则。
之前有研究表明资本市场给实施了ERP公司的回报是较高的市场价值,并且表明ERP相关信息的披露是有益的。
更进一步的,美国注册会计师协会关于改善商业报告(詹金斯报告)的报告显示,使用者需要关于一个公司的活动,过程,和事件的信息。
ERP实施越来越盛行,并且经常代表一个公司在信息技术领域最大单项投资。
ERP系统能直接影响公司许多基本活动和过程,并且E RP的实施确实是一项重大事件。
特别地,Jenkins报告推荐披露主要资源的成本,前瞻性信息,以及风险。
ERP系统带来了巨大改变和运营效率提高的机会同时,也带来了一定的风险。
基于Jenkins报告,我们认为投资者需要ERP实施方面的信息,公司应该披露有关ERP实施成本,目标,风险方面的信息。
信息披露提高了资本配置过程的程度依赖于他们的信用,因为经理有动机粉饰或者不完全披露信息。
考虑到ERP信息披露自愿性原则,信息披露有可能产生很大的差异。
因此,我们首先通过分析年报中ERP披露的决定因素来研究ER P披露的选择。
特别地,我们搜寻了1998-2001年美国证券交易委员会的年度报告,确立了453家有ERP相关年度报告的公司。
另外,我们查找了Lexis-Nexis在同一时期的新闻发布,确立了134家实施了ERP,但没有相关信息披露的公开交易公司。
最终,我们还从两家大型ERP供应商那里获得了部分客户名单,确立了同样在这个时间段内,102家实施了ERP但没有相关年度信息披露的公开交易公司。
我们的样本意味着许多公司确实披露了ERP信息,但是至少三分之一实施了ERP但没有相关披露,这是一个不小的比例。
影响披露选择因素的逻辑斯蒂回归分析结果表明年度报告披露与发行债券或股票,公司资产回报率高于样本中位数,以及是不是制造业呈正相关关系,与公司规模呈反比,这与根据自愿披露的经济理论的预测相一致。
这些结果也提供了一个最初的信号,ERP相关披露最公司之间是不可比或者不一致的。
分析453家披露ERP实施信息的公司,我们发现了披露信息的显著多样性。
不到三分之一的公司披露了实施的成本。
公司之间成本资本化从完全费用化到完全资本化也呈现出多样性。
大约62%的公司披露了ERP目标,然而不到50%的公司披露了实施风险或实施问题中的一个。
这些结果再一次告诉我们,ERP信息披露在公司之间没有可比性和一致性,即使在这些选择披露ERP信息的公司之间也一样。
考虑到ERP投资不仅包括像软件,硬件这样的有形资产成本,也包括向培训这样的无形资产成本,更多明确的披露可能帮助投资者了解ERP总投资。
另外,尽管这项研究不能确定成本的资本化或费用化类型,关于成本的描述性分析可能表明公司间ERP实施成本在会计处理上缺乏一致性,这意味着其他研究可以致力于ERP成本资本化需要更多明确的规则指引。
因此,最基本的结论是我们需要规则制定者制定出更多的引导性规则来提高关于ERP投资的信息披露。
论文剩余部分的安排如下。
第二部分回顾关于信息披露作用的经济理论以及关于披露情况的发展预期。
第三部分成仙了样本的选择和方法,第四部分描述了结果,第五部分是讨论和结论。
2.信息披露的作用对于大多数组织来说,计划、设计并实施ERP系统是一个长期的努力。
全部的实施过程大概需要1-3年时间,ERP通常是一个组织在技术方面投资利花费最昂贵的项目之一。
Hayes et al.(2001)发现一个ERP实施计划的显著的市场反应,得出外部会计报告中包含非财政前瞻性信息是非常重要的,这意味着ER P信息披露的作用。
经济理论认为,信息和动机问题阻碍了资源配置的有效性,信息披露缓解了这个问题。
储蓄投资机会的最优配置是一个复杂的匹配过程,因为公司提供投资机会时,比投资者拥有更多关于公司价值的信息,公司的沟通也并不是那么可信,因为投资者知道公司有动机去夸大价值。
因此,信息不对称抑制了投资,由此减少了流动性并增加了筹资资本。
Healy and Palepu(2001)认为这个问题有三个解决办法;实施经理激励措施使信息披露完全,比如有效的信息中介机构的使用(财政分析或者分级机构),这些中介机构致力于私人信息收集,或者制定要求经理完全披露信息的规则。
这部分考虑了这些信息不对称问题的解决办法是如何影响ERP年度报告披露的。
2.1ERP和披露规则理论上,通过提供一个公司间共同的规则,会计标准减少了使用者的过程成本,这暗示了ERP可以通过一定的标准来引导。
ERP投资的权威引导来自于证券交易委员会和会计职业。
然而,会计职业管控标准中,没有关于ERP实施成本的披露处理。
大多数关于技术投资的权威指引都在SFAS No.86(FASB,19 85),SOP98-1(AICPA,1998),以及EITF97-13(FASB,1997)这些文件中。
证券交易委员会的管控标准规定主要和管理层讨论与分析的披露相关,比如重大事件、流动性相关趋势的披露,资本来源和实施结果。
FASB1985年发布了86号财务会计标准说明书,提供一个计算机软件销售,租赁或者市场化成本方面的会计引导。
同时,FASB得出结论认为,内部使用软件的费用的会计计量不是重要的的问题,大多数组织把内部开发使用的软件支出进行了费用化。
随着过去20年内部使用软件成本的增加,相关的会计处理方法变得多样化。
证券交易委员会意识到内部使用软件的IT投资数量上的增加,以及会计处理方法上的多样性是一个潜在的问题,要求会计规则制定者出台权威性指引来消除不一致性。
因此,美国注册会计师协会发行了SOP98-1(供内部使用的计算机软件研发或获取的成本的会计处理方法)。
SOP98-1描述了发展的三个基本步骤,并给出了支出资本化或费用化的要求。
(1)初步设计阶段———这个阶段的成本应该费用化。
(2)应用程序开发阶段———除了一些特例,这个阶段的成本应该资本化。
这个阶段发生的任何培训费用都应该费用化。
(3)运行阶段———这个阶段的成本应该费用化。
SOP也声明,根据SOP98-1提供的分类和定义,无法清楚辨别与内部使用软件相关的支出是应该资本化化还是费用化时候,应该将其费用化。
SOP98-1的一些不足之处是,可能不能消除关于ERP会计处理的不一致性。
首先,SOP忽视了披露问题,仅仅将注意力集中于IT投资。
此外,作为一份声明,而不是财务会计标准公告,SOP缺少权威性。
最后,由于没有关于像ERP 实施一样的长期项目的成本计量规定,所以如果公司不能将ERP实施组成部分相应的与这三个步骤进行匹配,那么会计处理上依然不能实现一致性。
尽管ERP实施与内部开发使用软件有相似之处,但整个过程还是有区别的,这可能会使遵守SOP权威指引变得困难。
最大的一个不同之处是,ERP可能在过程设计和改善上有重大投资。
作为SOP98-1没有过程设计成本处理方法的回应,FASB的紧急会计工作组出台了EITF97-13.这个标准在SOP98-1基础上增加了一个额外的步骤,叫做“企业过程重组和信息技术转移”,这些是发生在SOP98-1中的第一个步骤之前,也就是初步设计之前。
根据这个标准,重组阶段的所有成本应该费用化。
这个标准依然没有解决信息披露问题。
证券交易委员会关于管理层讨论与分析的管控标准要求公司在管理层讨论与分析中披露关于公司每年ERP相关信息。
管理层讨论与分析的目的是,从管理层角度给投资者提供一个历史性的和预期性的分析。
SEC发行了FRR36,提供了一个关于MD&A披露的解释说明。
Hooks and Moon(1993)制定了关于管理层讨论与分析披露的分类计划,包括流动性讨论,运行结果,重大事件披露或者可能影响公司资本来源,流动性,运行结果,或企业结构的预测性事件。
然而,即使这样,披露依然在很大程度上是自由的,以至于规则自身不可能解决ERP 实施相关的信息不对称问题。
2.2ERP和自愿披露动机经济理论认为,当规则不完善的时候,管理者披露信息时会在对外交流预期未来绩效和基于合同,政治或者企业治理的原因来管理预期之间进行权衡,也就是说对于信息披露会有跟大的可操控性。
相应地,一个公司资产的性质和他的投资机会也会同时影响其会计处理的选择(Healy and Palepu,2001)。
ERP年度报告披露的选择是这些会计处理选择的一部分。
资本市场交易是披露选择的一个主要影响因素。
进入资本市场的公司有动机通过自愿披露信息来减少筹资信息风险(Verrecchia,2001)。
以往的研究发现,进入股票或债券市场的公司更有可能去披露管理层盈利预测(Frankel et al.,19 95),并有较高的财务分析师信息披露定级(Lang and Lundholm,1993)。
因为E RP可能影响未来公司绩效并能解释一个公司的融资需求,所以我们假设当公司需要通过债券或股票融资时,他们更倾向于披露ERP实施的相关信息。