句子成分及简单句的五大基本句型
英语简单句(句子成分+5大基本句型+句子结构)
• 6.Many teachers live in another city. 主+谓
1. He likes eggs, but he doesn’t like chickens. 并列句 2. Work hard or you will fall behind. 并列句
4. ---__________ weather it is! We can’t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake.
---Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Science Museum instead. A. What a bad B. How bad C. What bad
选择疑问句中一般用or连接,回答时不能使用 yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或省略形式。
① —Do you like apples or pears? ② —Which would you like better, tea or coffee?
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直击中考考点
◆反意疑问句
1. 反意疑问句的常见用法 (1) 反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”的原则。
意为“某人也一样”, 是表示肯定的倒装。 Ou Baizi passed this English exam, so did I .
欧百子通过了这次英语考试,我也通过了。 2. 易混句式:so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。
意为“确实是……”。
—Ouyang Xue dances very well.欧阳雪舞跳得很好。
高中英语语法_句子成分
Our teacher encouraged us to work hard. The boy made his sister cry.
以上五种基本句型中的主语、宾语、表语都可 扩展成相应的从句,从而成为复合句。同时, 复合句中的主、从句也是由以上五种基本句型 组成的。如: What he says doesn’t agree with what he does. Why he came late is that his bike broke down on the way. It occurred to me that I had much work to do. He promised me that he would attend the lecture. What has made the city what it is now?
2.谓语: 说明主语的动作或所处的状态。 谓语 (predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般 在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或 情态动词+主要动词)构成。
1)
The new term begins on the 1st of September. 2) I would like to invite all my friends here. 3) I have tried this way three times. 4) We should pay attention to the English idioms. 5) He is working in the garden.
7.状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、
1)
因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
英语句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型
.
各个成分的功能
2.代词充当主语。如: It rains quite often in spring.
3 数词充当主语。如: Two plus two makes four. Five will be enough.
4.名词化的形容词或-ed分词充当主语。 如: The disabled are well taken care of.
I heard the boy crying. He left the girl in the room.
八、 同位语 在一个句子中, 一个名词或
代词, 或相当于名词的短语或 从句, 放在另一个名词或代词 之后, 用以说明它的性质或情 况, 被称为同位语(Appositive). 可作 同位语的通常有:
各个二、成谓分语的功能
二、谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常 由_动__词___ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动 词,情态动词和助动词.
• 1. We love China. • 2. We have finished reading this book. • 3. He can speak English.
英语五co种nt基en本t 句型
4. S+V+ o + O 主+谓+间宾+直宾
He brought you a dictionary. He showed me how to run the machine.
英语五co种nt基en本t 句型
5. S+V+O +C 主+谓+复合结构
They painted the door green. We saw him out. He asked me to get back soon.
五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释
五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释,学好英语的关键!英语句子分为简单句和复合句。
一个简单句中只有一个主谓结构。
复合句是由主句和从句构成,有至少两个主谓结构。
复合句的基础是简单句。
所以,学好简单句格外重要。
一. 简单句的五种基本句型1. 主语+ 谓语Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
(Li Ming是主语;works是谓语。
)The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
(The accident是主语;happened是谓语)Spring is coming.春天就要来了。
(Spring是主语;is coming是谓语。
)2. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。
(Li Lei是主语,helps是谓语,me是宾语。
)She plans to travel in the coming May Day.她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
(She是主语,plans是谓语,to travel 是宾语。
)I don’t know what I should do next.我不知道下一步该干什么。
(I是主语;don’t know是谓语,what I should do next是宾语。
)3. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
(This kind of food是主语,tastes是系动词,delicious 是表语。
)He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(He是主语,looked是系动词,worried是表语。
)4. 主语+ 谓语+ 双宾语Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
专题六,句子成分,五种基本句型
专题六、句子成分和五种简单句型一、句子成分分类1.主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如:We didn’t have enough time to think about problems by ourselves.She enjoys reading books and listening to music.Every coin has two sides(任何事物都有两面性)Three are enough.To spit in public is not polite.Seeing English films is a good way to learn English well.What we need is food.▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。
如:It took two workers about three months to build the house.I t’s our duty to protect the environment.It’s very exciting not to have extra classes on holidays.It is important for us to obey traffic rules.On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to go online2.谓语:谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
如:She gets on/along well with(与……相处的很好)her friends.She enjoys reading books and listening to music.we can also take some exercise together to keep fit/ keep healthy/ be in good health(为了身体的健康).Huaguo Mountain is a famous tourist attraction in Lianyungang.Our after—school activities are very colorful, such as playing balls, singing, dancing, drawing and so on(等等).Great changes have taken place since 60 years ago.But a few years ago,a lot of bad behaviors happened quite often during the travel. My money has run out.3.表语:表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。
英语句子成分及简单句的五种基本句型
That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us
all.
关联词主语(从句) How the Cartoon became an instant hit is a long
story.
关联词主语(从句)
各二个、成谓分语的功能
英语句子成分
和 简单句的五种基本句型
Members of the Sentence
英语句子成分
CcOoNnTtEeNnTt S
什么是句子成分
定义:句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。
句子成分有:
主语、谓语、宾语、表语 、 定语、状语、补语、同位语
各个成分的功能
一、主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。主语一
I have no pen to write with.
e. 介词短语或副词 I haven’t got the solution to the
problem.
I used to live in the room above.
f. 从句 The man who is coming toward us
2. S+V+P
主语+系动词+表语
3. S+V+O
主语+谓语+宾语
4. S+V+o+O 主语+谓语+双宾语
5. S+V+O+C 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
英语五co种nt基en本t 句型
1. S+V+P 主+系+表
This is an English dictionary. The dinner smells good. The well has gone dry. He is growing tall and strong.
句子成分和简单句五种基本句型
状态:seem, appear, prove --感官:smell, feel, taste, sound, look --变化:become, gw --持续:remain, stay, keep, continue ---
其 它 系动词
Correct mistakes:
2.主语+不及物动词 ( S + Vi. )
Our school lies in the center of our city. You will graduate from it next year.
The car accident was happened yesterday.
注:不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
3.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O) I like my job very much. Each of you has a dream . 注:及物动词可用于被动语态 People use a great deal of water in that city. (主动语态) A great deal of water is used by people in that city. (被动语态)
n/pron. V n./pron.
Adj. Adv.
n./adj. n./adj./ 9. Father asked me to turn off the TV. to do 主 谓 宾 宾补 /doing
含有一个主语(或并 列主语)和一个谓语(或 并列谓语)的句子 包含两个或两个以上 主谓结构的句子且句子之 间有并列连词and/but等或 用分号连接 包含一个主句和一个 从句或一个主句和多个从 句的句子,且从句用从属 连词引导
1-句子成分和简单句五种基本句型(含答案)
三、宾语——动作的对象或承受者
宾语是动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词(短语)或介词的后面。可以用作宾 语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句等。宾语的构成如下: 1.单宾语
I've already written the application and personal resume.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达) 我已经写了申请书和个人简历。(名词短语作宾语) I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.(2015·浙江卷·书面表达) 我设法说服我的同学们接受我的想法。(不定式作宾语)
二、谓语——主语的动作或具有的特征和状态
(2)由系动词加表语构成。
Your art skills are excellent and admirable,which leaves me a deep impression.(2016·天 津卷·书面表达) 你的艺术技能非常优秀、令人赞赏,这给我留下了深刻的印象。(系表结构作谓语)
[名师指津] 当主语为从句或不定式短语等时,为避免头重脚轻,常用it作形 式主语。 It's a pity that you won't come to my birthday party. 很遗憾你不能参加我的生日晚会。(代词it充当形式主语,that引导主语从句)
二、谓语——主语的动作或具有的特征和状态
四、表语——主语的身份、特征或状态
表语一般位于系动词之后,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。可以用作表语的有: 名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短 语和从句等。
Papercutting is a traditional art form in China.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达) 剪纸是一种中国传统艺术形式。(名词短语作表语) He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。(形容词作表语)
句子成份和简单句的五种基本句型
句子成份和简单句的五种基本句型第一课时教学重点:掌握句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型教学难点:怎样划分句子成分和辨别简单句的基本句型教学方法:理论讲解和举例相结合。
句子成份:一个句子的各个组成部分叫句子成份。
句子的成份有主语(S)、谓语(V)、表语(P)、宾语(O)、状语(Ad)定语(At)和宾语补足语(OC)等。
主语和谓语是句子的主要成份;而表语、宾语、状语、定语和宾语补足语则是句子的次要成份。
简单句:如果句子只包含一个主谓结构,而句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示,就是简单句,不管句子是长是短。
e.gI like English.She comes from America.有时两个或更多的主语可以共一个谓语;两个或更多的谓语可以共一个主语;有时甚至可以有两个主语和两个谓语。
这样的句子仍然是简单句。
e.g1.Britain, America and Australia are English-speaking countries.2.They get coal out of the ground, change it into electricity, and send it to many places.3.Hank and his friends gave each other their addresses and promised to get in touch with each other.简单句的五种基本句型句型一:主语+不及物动词The pen writes well.S V AdOur class begins at seven o'clock.. S V AdThe earth goes around the sun.S V Ad不及物动词有:ache, appear, arrive, come, cough, disappear, fall, go等。
另外还有些既可作及物动词带宾语,也可作不及物动词不带宾语,如:break, burn, close, drop, fly, hurt, move, open, ring, shake, shut, understand等。
简单句的五种基本句型及句子成分
简单句的五种基本句型及句子成分一简单句的五种基本句型(1)主语+系动词+表语主系表结构Frank is clever/an architect.(2) 主语+不及物动词主谓结构My head aches.(3) 主语+及物动词+宾语主谓宾结构My sister enjoyed the play.(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主谓宾(双宾语)结构He gave Sam a watch. (5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补主谓宾结构They made Sam chairman/monitor.二系动词不及物动词及物动词(1) 系动词:be动词(在进行时或被动语态中除外)一些意思为变得的动词(turn become get go 等)感官动词(feel look smell taste notice sound等)总结:(2)不及物动词:后面不能跟宾语的动词。
总结:(3)及物动词:后面能跟宾语的动词。
注:三句子成分主语:任何句子都表明人或物做了什么动作或处于某种状态,其中的人或物为主语。
宾语:动词或介词后面不可缺少的名词或代词或其他名词性成分。
表语:系动词后面的成分。
定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。
状语:在句子里面表示动作发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,方式,比较,让步,伴随,方式的成分。
补语:补充说明主语或宾语的成分。
(make let have get/ consider find call name/感官动词等) 同位语:解释说明名词或代词的成分。
四练习(1)认识简单句的基本句型。
(是主谓(宾)还是主系表)1.He works hard . 6.The baby is crying.2.To see is to believe. 7.The mouse was eaten by a cat.3.She felt happy at the party. 8.We found the film interesting.4.I teach the second grade. 9.They made me happy.5.He showed me the way to the post. 10.Electricity can make a machine run.(2标明下列句子的成分。
简单句的五种基本句型及句子成分
简单句的五种基本句型句型一主语+系动词+表语(SLP)[讲解] (1) 系动词的三种分类:在初中阶段,我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有be, remain, stay, keep, prove等;表示“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall, go, come等;表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appea r等。
例如:I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.我是高中生,他是初中生。
After four years, Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor.四年后,汤姆成了一名医生。
The story sounds interesting and instructive.这故事听起来既有趣,又有教育意义。
(2) 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。
例如:In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday. (形容词作表语)In my mind, mother is my hero. (名词作表语)Look! Your pet dog is there. (副词作表语)The schoolbags come in different sizes. (介词短语作表语)You’ve changed a lot. You are not what you were. (表语从句作表语)Many passengers got injured in the accident. (过去分词作表语)The machine keeps running for a long time. (现在分词短语作表语)(3) 使用系动词应注意的地方:第一,没有被动语态;第二,一般没有进行时(除了feel以外);第三,有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。
句子结构,句子成分,五种基本句型
英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。
一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。
句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分.1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首.如:Students study. (学生学习)We are friends.(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语。
2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
如:Students study. (学生学习.)We are friends。
(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。
3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如:They are teachers。
( 他们是老师。
)I play with him. (我和他一起玩。
)这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语。
4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。
形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。
如:This is a red sun。
(这是个红太阳。
)He is a tall boy。
(他是个高个子男孩。
)这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语。
5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分.常由副词担任.修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。
如:The students study hard。
(这些学生学习努力。
)I often write to him. (我常给他写信.)The bag is too heavy。
句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型
8. He bought you
nothing.
5. I showed her
my pictures.
6. I gave him
a hand.
7. I told
him
how to run the
machine.
8. He showed me
that the bus was late.
基本句型5 S +V +O +C
简单句的五种句型
4)SVOiOd 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a bicycle.
5) SVOC 主语+谓语+宾语+补语
eg. They called him a fool. She found the children fast asleep.
❖I saw him last week. ❖We heard the bad news yesterday. ❖They eat bread every day. ❖He drank a glass of milk just now.
❖ 不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的 动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / …
S V(实义动
O
词)
1. Who knows
the answer?
2. She laugh at her.
3. He undeHe made
cakes.
5. They ate
some apples.
6. Danny likes
donuts.
7. I
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下:1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。
如:It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。
如:Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于系动词之后,形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如:Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。
如:He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如:He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
5种简单句基本句型及句子成分名词解释
5种简单句基本句型及句子成分名词解释前五个句型属于简单句的基本句型,后面三个是中考中重要的简单句句型,最后面是句子成分的名词解释。
一. 五种简单句基本句型1.“主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析:“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。
2.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
3.“主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。
例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例:He asked her to go there.分析:“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语—补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。
简单句的五种基本句型及句子成分
简单句的五种基本句型句型一主语+系动词+表语(SLP)[讲解] (1) 系动词的三种分类:在初中阶段,我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有be, remain, stay, keep, prove等;表示“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall, go, come等;表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appea r等。
例如:I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.我是高中生,他是初中生。
After four years, Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor.四年后,汤姆成了一名医生。
The story sounds interesting and instructive.这故事听起来既有趣,又有教育意义。
(2) 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。
例如:In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday. (形容词作表语)In my mind, mother is my hero. (名词作表语)Look! Your pet dog is there. (副词作表语)The schoolbags come in different sizes. (介词短语作表语)You’ve changed a lot. You are not what you were. (表语从句作表语)Many passengers got injured in the accident. (过去分词作表语)The machine keeps running for a long time. (现在分词短语作表语)(3) 使用系动词应注意的地方:第一,没有被动语态;第二,一般没有进行时(除了feel以外);第三,有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。
【精品】句子成分与简单句的5种基本类型
You look the same.
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练习:找出谓语
He is very nice. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. We don’t know him very well. They are cleaning the classroom.
主语 S
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化的形容词)
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主语 S
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正 的主语为后面的不定式)
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练习:找出主语
The boy needs a pen. I like football. One thousand will be enough. It is very hard to get to sleep. Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
表语 P
The ruler must be in your box. (介词短语) Time is up. The class is over. (副词) The truth is that he has never been
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简单句的五大基本句型英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
基本句型一、1.Great changes have taken place .2.We all breathe, eat and drink.3.The blind study in special schools.4.Fighting broke out between the South and North.5.To tell the truth always pays.6.What he said doesn’t matter.以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的主语。
主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme),是句子所述说的主体。
它的位置一般在一句之首。
可用作主语的有名词,代词,数词,形容词化的名词,动名词,不定式,从句等等。
谓语动词说明主语的动作和状态。
以上例句中,我们不难看出,句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,这些不及物动词可以是单个的动词,也可以是短语。
由此,可以归纳出句型一:主语+不及物动词。
S+v.( Subject+Verb)基本句型二:is a teacher.best composition is hers.and five is ten.is asleep.father is in.picture is on the wall.watch is gone \ missing\ lost.see is to believe.question is whether they will come.以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的表语。
表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身分,通常有名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词,介词短语,形容词化的分词,不定式或者表语从句充当。
句子中的be 是系动词。
由此可以总结出句型二:主语+系动词+表语。
S+Link V.+P ( Subject+link verb+Predicate)本句型中,系动词除了be 之外,还可以是:1). Several players lay flat on the playground.2). We should remain modest and prudent any time.3).The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.4).It is getting warmer and warmer.5).Don't have the food. It has gone bad.6). The facts prove true.以上系动词可以分类。
感觉(feel, look. Smell, taste, sound); 仍然(remain, continue, stay, keep); 变成(become, come, go, get, grow, turn); 似乎(seem, appear); 证明是(prove).基本句型三:like China.(名词)hates you. (代词)many do you need We need two. (数词)should help the old and the poor.enjoy working with you.(动名词)hope to see you again.(不定式)you write down what he said (宾语从句)’m looking forward to hearing from you..9. It took me a while to adapt to the job.10. He looks after his little daughter on Sundays.分析以上例句,可以看出斜体部分是句子的宾语。
句子的宾语可以由名词,代词,数词,形容词化的名词,动名词,不定式,从句充当,它表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容,或者用于介词后构成介词短语。
句中的谓语动词可以是单个的动词,也可以是短语,如例句中的look forward to, adapt to, look after等等。
由此,归纳基本句型三:主语+及物动词+宾语。
S+V+O( Subject+Verb+Object)基本句型四:1. She ordered herself a new dress.2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.3. He brought you a dictionary.4. He denies her nothing.5. I showed him my pictures.6. I gave my car a wash.7. I told him the bus was late.8. He showed me how to run the machine.仔细观察以上例句,可以看出,斜体部分是句子的宾语,下划线部分也是句子的宾语,也就是一个句子中有两个宾语。
不难发现,斜体部分为“人或者物等”,称为间接宾语;下划线部分为“物或者事”,称为直接宾语。
至此,可以总结出此句型为:主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。
S+V+o+O( Subject+Verb+Indict object+Direct object).此句型中,常见的谓语动词有:answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等。
本句型也可以把直接宾语放在间接宾语前面,不过间接宾语前需要加上适当的介词。
如上面的句1,可以表达为:She ordered a new dress for herself.句子5,可以表达为:I showed my pictures to him.基本句型五:1. They named the child Jim.2. He boiled the egg hard.3. He painted the door green.found the book very interesting.saw him out.comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover.call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。
’t take his kindness for granted.分析以上句子,可以看出,动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,这个补充成分叫宾语补足语。
(斜体部分即宾语的补足语)才能使意思完整。
可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。
由此归纳,基本句型五为:主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语,S+V+O+C( Subject+Verb+Object+Complement).常用于这个句型的动词有:(1)感官动词:see, notice, observe. watch, hear, listen to, feel, find(发现), smell(2)役使动词:have, let , make, get(3)表示心里状态的词:consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove(4)表示情感状态的动词:love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect(5)动词keep/leave 使/ 让…保持某种状态以上是英语简单句的五种基本句型。
英语的复杂句式都是由这五种基本句型拓展而成。
如果在名词或者代词前面加上词、短语或者句子来修饰,那么这些修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子就是定语。
Yanling is a chemistry teacher.is our friend.belong to the third world.was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.man over there is my old friend.woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.boys playing football are in Class 2.trees planted last year are growing well now.have an idea to do it well.should do everything that I do.由以上例句可以看出,用做定语(斜体部分)的可以是名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词,介词,---ing形式,不定式或从句。
假如修饰名词或代词的是一个句子,那么这个句子就叫定语从句。
在英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的成分叫状语。
如:1.The girl is improving remarkably.这个女孩大有进步。
2.可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等,如果做状语的是一个从句,那么这个从句叫做状语从句。
3.状语按用途来分,可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等。
(1)Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrowAs soon as he comes,I’ll tell you.时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中(2). There are plenty of fish in the sea.On the platform, she kissed her mother.地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中。
(3). Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job.I eat potatoes because I like them.原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首。
(4). She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末。