句子成分及简单句的五大基本句型

简单句的五大基本句型

英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

基本句型一、

1.Great changes have taken place .

2.We all breathe, eat and drink.

3.The blind study in special schools.

4.Fighting broke out between the South and North.

5.To tell the truth always pays.

6.What he said doesn’t matter.

以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的主语。主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有名词，代词，数词，形容词化的名词，动名词，不定式，从句等等。谓语动词说明主语的动作和状态。以上例句中，我们不难看出，句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，这些不及物动词可以是单个的动词，也可以是短语。由此，可以归纳出句型一：主语+不及物动词。S+v.( Subject+Verb)基本句型二：

is a teacher.

best composition is hers.

and five is ten.

is asleep.

father is in.

picture is on the wall.

watch is gone \ missing\ lost.

see is to believe.

question is whether they will come.

以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的表语。表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身分，通常有名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，介词短语，形容词化的分词，不定式或者表语从句充当。句子中的be 是系动词。由此可以总结出句型二：主语+系动词+表语。S+Link V.+P ( Subject+link verb+Predicate)

本句型中，系动词除了be 之外，还可以是：

1). Several players lay flat on the playground.

2). We should remain modest and prudent any time.

3).The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.

4).It is getting warmer and warmer.

5).Don't have the food. It has gone bad.

6). The facts prove true.

以上系动词可以分类。感觉（feel, look. Smell, taste, sound）; 仍然（remain, continue, stay, keep）; 变成（become, come, go, get, grow, turn）; 似乎（seem, appear）; 证明是（prove）.

基本句型三：

like China.（名词）

hates you. （代词）

many do you need We need two. （数词）

should help the old and the poor.

enjoy working with you.（动名词）

hope to see you again.（不定式）

you write down what he said （宾语从句）

’m looking forward to hearing from you..

9. It took me a while to adapt to the job.

10. He looks after his little daughter on Sundays.

分析以上例句，可以看出斜体部分是句子的宾语。句子的宾语可以由名词，代词，数词，形容词化的名词，动名词，不定式，从句充当，它表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容，或者用于介词后构成介词短语。句中的谓语动词可以是单个的动词，也可以是短语，如例句中的look forward to, adapt to, look after等等。由此，归纳基本句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语。S+V+O( Subject+Verb+Object)

基本句型四：

1. She ordered herself a new dress.

2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.

3. He brought you a dictionary.

4. He denies her nothing.

5. I showed him my pictures.

6. I gave my car a wash.

7. I told him the bus was late.

8. He showed me how to run the machine.

仔细观察以上例句，可以看出，斜体部分是句子的宾语，下划线部分也是句子的宾语，也就是一个句子中有两个宾语。不难发现，斜体部分为“人或者物等”，称为间接宾语；下划线部分为“物或者事”，称为直接宾语。至此，可以总结出此句型为：主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。S+V+o+O( Subject+Verb+Indict object+Direct object).此句型中，常见的谓语动词有：answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等。本句型也可以把直接宾语放在间接宾语前面，不过间接宾语前需要加上适当的介词。如上面的句1，可以表达为：

She ordered a new dress for herself.

句子5，可以表达为：

I showed my pictures to him.