高英课文Pub talk and the King’s English课件
Book 2 Unit 3 Pub Talk and the King’s English 高级英语II 教学课件
• Why most sociable: more than any other human activity, conversation helps to promote an agreeable, pleasant and informal relationship among people.
性) • distinctive(区分性)
• language can be used to deceive
• animal language • 只有简单的声音系统 • 只有几个有限的信号 • 动物只能谈论当前的事物
• 雄性能产生的信号雌性不 能产生
• 不能区分成单个成分,一 个连续体
• 不能欺骗同类
• The text can be roughly divided into 4 parts:
• Part I (para.1-3): General ideas about what is and what makes a good conversation.
• Part II (para.4-11): A particular instance of a good conversation: an interesting pub talk about “the king’s English”.
English Bitter
• Bitter is traditional British beer (also known as ale麦酒). It is quite strong and leaves a bitter taste in your mouth after drinking. It is usually served at room temperature.
课件_Pub_Talk_and_the_King's_English
Differences and Reasons The English of speech tends to be different from the English of writing in some fairly obvious ways, mainly because we have time to plan our message in writing, but that is not possible while using the spoken form of English.
modifies rapidly carries people‘s interactive emotional life
modifies more slowly carries knowledge and information
dies without trace
dies but leaves traces
Text Analysis and Appreciation
• Section 4. Paras.20-21
conclusion: Those people who ruin the conversation by trying to talk sense are just like chimpanzees who are not capable of conversation.
Organization
Highly
informal language---abundance of simple idiomatic expressions cheek by jowl with copious literary and historical allusions tone of the author is generally lighthearted and relaxed rather than very serious and forceful or satirical.
Lesson 1 Pub talk and the King's English
You have to be 18 years old to order a drink in a pub. Some pubs will allow people over 14 years old to go inside if they are with someone who is over 18, but they are not allowed to go to the bar or to have an alcoholic drink;
➢ Middle English (1100-1500): In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors brought with them a kind of French. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added.
Pub talk and the king's English
Americans of Latin American parentage whose language is Spanish, a recent movement has been for bilingual education, usually English and Spanish. ❖Under this plan, students whose first language is sth other than English receive instruction in that language as well as English, so as not to deprive them of equal educational opportue.
1. an Anglo-Saxon patriot and rebel leader, he rose against the Norman conquerors but was defeated. 2. This sentence means like Herewaaard the Wake, when the English rose against the Norman conquerors, they must have felt greatly humiliated when they were forced to listen to and use a foreign language to accept a foreign culture.
Paraphrase(para12)
❖1. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? That would be the confirmation that it was in general use.
张汉熙高级英语的第二册的第3课课件theking'senglish
Summary Justice Shalls enter, discussing
Shallow's anger at Sir John Falstaff. Evans changes the topic to the young Anne Page, whom he would like to see Slender marry. They arrive at Master Page's door, where Shallow confronts Falstaff and his entourage. The men enter to dine, but Slender drifts around outside, trying unsuccessfully to converse with Anne Page until he goes inside. //Falstaff and his entourage settle in at the Garter Inn, whereFalstaff reveals his plan to seduce Mistress Page and Mistress Ford, both of whom have control over their husband's money, which he desires. He sends Pistol and Nim to deliver letters to the women, but they refuse. Instead they plot to stymie Falstaff's plans by telling Page and Ford of his intentions.
Pub_Talk_and_the_King.ppt2
9
good conversation by using the King’s English as an accidental conversation topic. The writer feels that bar conversation in the pub has a charm of its own and illustrates his point by describing the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic.
12
• The King’s English is connected with “pub talk” when the writer describes the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic “the King’s English” to illustrate his point that bar conversation in a pub has a charm ou think of the title of this unit? Is the title of the piece wellchosen?
6
The thesis ---in the opening sentence of Para 1”Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities .” • The last sentence of the last paragraph winds up the theme by pointing out what is the bane of good conversation --"talking sense".
Lesson 1pub talk and the King27s English讲稿
•Lesson 1Pub Talk and the King’s English •Contents➢P art One: Warm-up➢P art Two: Background Information➢P art Three: Text Appreciation➢P art Four: Language Study➢P art Five: Extension•Part One—Warm-up➢Ⅰ、Video Watching➢Ⅱ、Brainstorming➢Ⅲ、Discussion➢Ⅳ、Learning Objectives•Ⅰ、Video WatchingWatch the video clip and describe it、UK Queen's Christmas Speech、mp4•What are the characteristics of the Queen’sEnglish?•pare the difference between Queen’s Englishand the pub English、•Ⅱ、BrainstormingMake some predictions about the text to be learned、•Ⅲ、Discussion•Why is conversation an activity only of human beings?•How to make a good conversation?•What is a pub friend?•What’s the function of a pub to the English people’s life?•Ⅳ、Learning Objectives1、To be acquainted with the knowledge of the development of English、2、To know what is King's English and its history、3、To learn to use words to describe spoken English、4、To appreciate the language features、5、To learn to write a story about a language、6、To know the writing of an exposition、•Part Two—Background Information➢Ⅰ、About the Author➢Ⅱ、The History of English➢Ⅲ、History of English Pub➢I V、Alexandre Dumas and The Three Musketeers➢V、Thomas Carlyle•Ⅰ、About the AuthorHenry Fairlie (1924-1990)British journalist for The Spectator, which he joined in 1955、•Before that he had been a feature writer for The Observer 1948-50, and a political editorial writer for The Times 1950-54、•He was also a regular contributor to The New Republic from the mid-1970s until his death in 1990、•He relocated to the United States in 1965 to avoid a British libel suit, for having called his onetime lover a whore on television、•Ⅰ、About the Author23 September, 1955、•Fairlie wrote:–By the "Establishment", I do not only mean thecentres of official power—though they are certainlypart of it—but rather the whole matrix of officialand social relations withinwhich power is exercised、The exercise of power in Britain (more specifically, inEngland) cannot be understood unless it isrecognized that it is exercised socially、•Ⅰ、About the Author•He wrote five books, most notably The Kennedy Promise, an early revisionist critique of the USpresidency of John F、Kennedy、•In 2009, Yale University Press published Bite the Hand Feeds You: Essays and Provocations,an anthology of his work edited by Newspaper correspondent Jeremy McCarter、•The native people in Britain－Celt (language)2、Roman Conquest 43 AD, ruled for 400 years－Latin (language)3、In 449 Angles, Saxon, and Jutes from Northwest of Germany , conquered the most part ofEngland－old English (language)4、9th century Scandinavian conquest－Danish (language)5、11th century Norman Conquest for 400 years－French (language)6、British people conquered the conquest again、－English won its recognition、•Ⅱ、The History of English•Five Events that Shaped the History of English•1、The Anglo-Saxon Settlement•2、The Scandinavian Settlements•3、The Norman Conquest•4、Standardization:the Great Vowel Shift•5、Colonization and Globalization•Ⅱ、The History of English• A Timeline of the History of the English Language•III、History of English Pub• A pub (public house) is a drinking establishment fundamental to the culture of Britain、•In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the munity、•The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England、•III、History of English Pub•During the Middle Ages the pub sign came into existence—the earliest versions being green bushes set upon poles to indicate the sale of beer, stemming from the earlier Roman tradition of vines being displayed to advertise wine、By 14th century, more abstract names were mon、•III、History of English Pub● Alcohol has been drunk and served throughout the British Isles in one form or another since theBronze Age、● The ori gins of the pub began to appear during the Roman colonization of Britain、Placeswhere travelers could obtain rest and refreshment sprang up along the new road networks、These Roman taverns remained even after the withdrawal of the Romans from Britain、•III、History of English Pub•During the 16th and 17th centuries these establishments primarily sold beer and ale until the first half of the 18th century when the so-called “Gin Graze” took hold, esp、among the poorer classes as the production of gin(杜松子酒) had increased to six times that of beer、The 1751 Gin Act forced gin makers to sell gin only to licensed premises and put drinking establishments under the control of local magistrates、In the 19th century, the Wine and Beerhouse was introduced to restrict the hours Public Houses could sell alcohol、The Licensing Act 2003 repealed the previous licensing laws for England and Wales, taking responsibility away from magistrates and placing it in the hands of local councils、Alexandre Dumas (1802－1870)best known for his historical novels of high adventure which have made him one of the most widely read French authors in the world、His works include The Count ofMonte Cristo;The Thre Musketeers; Twenty Years After The Three Musketeers is set in the 17th century、The novel recounts the adventures of a young man called d'Artagnan after he leaves home to travel to Paris, and then he joins the Musketeers of the Guard、His friends are: Athos, Porthos, and Aramis、They are inseparable friends who live by the motto: "tous pour un, un pour tous“=All for one, one for all •V、Thomas CarlyleThomas Carlyle (1795-1881)•Famous English essayist and historian、•After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he rejected the ministry, for which he had been intended, and determined to he a writer、•In 1826 he married Jane Welsh, a well-informed and ambitious woman who did much to further his career、They moved to Jane' s farm at Craigenputtoeh where they lived for 6 years、During this time he produced Sartor Resartus (1833-1834), a book in which he first developed his characteristic style and thought、•This book is a veiled sardonic attack upon the shams and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed、•V、Thomas Carlyle•"Carlylese", a peculiar style of his own, was a pound of biblical phrases, colloquialisms, Teutonic twists, and his own coinings, arranged in unexpected sequences、•One of the most important social critics of his day, Carlyle influenced many men of the younger generation、•Part Three—Text Appreciation➢Ⅰ、Text Analysis→Introduction to Exposition→Theme of the Text→Text Organization→Further Understanding➢Ⅱ、Writing Devices→Language Style→Rhetorical Devices➢Ⅲ、Sentence Paraphrase•Ⅰ、Text AnalysisIntroduction to Exposition•" Pub Talk and the King's English " is a piece of exposition (informative writing)、•Exposition is to put forth an idea or suggestion and expound on it、•The purpose or intention of the writer of the exposition is to inform or explain、•Ⅰ、Text Analysis•Exposition is the most mon kind of writing, for it is applicable to anything which challengesthe understanding, for example, the definition of a term, the structure of a lab, the meaning of a historical event, the significance of a political system, etc、•Ⅰ、Text AnalysisThe writer of an exposition generally makes a statement (thesis) of the central thought or of his purpose first、The thesis can be supported and developed in a variety of ways、The following are some of the approaches usually used in writing: definition, identification, illustration, parison, contrast, analogy, analysis、•Ⅰ、Text Analysis1、Conversation is an activity of human beings, and a good conversation is not for making a point、Conversation in a pub has a charm of its own2、English has fought for centuries to be recognized and we should be proud of King’s English、•Ⅰ、Text AnalysisText Organization (loose structure)•Part 1 (Paras、1-3):Introduction:The writer puts forward the theses: conversation is the most sociable of all human activities andbar conversation has a charm of its own、•Part 2 (Paras、4-11):Development 1:The charm of conversation is that there is no fixed topic、Example: the King's English —Australia — the Saxon peasants—cultural humiliation--revolt、•Ⅰ、Text AnalysisFurther Understanding1、The major theme of this essay is _______、A、pub talk in King’s E nglishB、conversation is universalC、the charm of bar conversationD、the history of King’s English2、The style of this piece of exposition is _____、A、ironicB、informalC、formalD、sarcastic•Ⅰ、Text Analysis3、The author likes bar conversation because ______、A、it is casual and not for making a pointB、it will not use the King’s EnglishC、it is usually formal and seriousD、it is interesting and argumentative4、“The King’s or Queen’s English ” came into use in the ______、A、15th centuryB、16th centuryC、17th centuryD、18th century•Ⅰ、Text Analysis5、The best conversationalists are those ______、A、who are trying to make a pointB、who are trying to talk senseC、who are to ready loseD、who are prepared to win•Ⅱ、Writing DevicesLanguage Style1、Effective use of verbsThe effective use of verbs is a way to strengthen the impression、e、g、meander, leap, sparkle, glow, slip, slide, etc、•Ⅱ、Writing DevicesLanguage Style2、Effective use of allusion(典故)An allusion is a reference to a person, place, or event that bears an association to the topic of a discourse so as to impress the reader、e、g、“They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,…”“Is th e phrase in Shakespeare?、、、When Mistress Quickly Iin The Merry Wives of Winsor says of her master…”•Ⅱ、Writing DevicesRhetorical Devices: SimileDefinition:A simile is a figure of speech which makes a parison between two unlike elements having at least onequality or characteristic in mon、Simile is almost always introduced by the following words: like, as, as…as, as it were, as if, as though, be something of, similar to, etc、•Ⅱ、Writing Devicese、g、1、They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings、(Para、3)•The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth、(Para、14)•Ⅱ、Writing DevicesRhetorical Devices: MetaphorDefinition:Metaphor is a figure of speech where parison is implied、It is also a parison between two unlike elements with a similar quality、But unlike a simile, this parison is implied, not expressed with the word “as” or “like”、•Ⅱ、Writing Devicese、g、The charm of conversation is that… it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows 、(Para、2)(paring the conversation to a stream which meanders and leaps & the fire which glows andsparkles、)2、Suddenly, the alchemy of conversation took place、(Para、6)( paring the sudden change of the topic in the conversation to the miraculous alchemy)3、The glow of the conversation burst into flames、(Para、6)(paring the conversation to a fire、)•Ⅱ、Writing Devices4、The conversation was on wings、(Para、8)(paring the conversation to a bird flying and soaring、)5、…think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant、(Para、11)(paring into the shoes to in another’s position、)6、I have an unending love affair with dictionaries、(Para、17)(paring his keen interest in dictionaries to having a love affair、)7、…the King’s English slips and slides in conversation、(Para、18)(paring the casual mistakes in the spoken English to careless slides in walking、) •Ⅲ、Sentence Paraphrase1、And it is an activity only of humans、(Para、l)And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation) 、2、Conversation is not for making a point、(Para、2)Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view、In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument、3、In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose、(Para、2)In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view、4、Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other's lives、(Para、3)People who meet each other for a drink in a pub arenot intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other's lives、•That would settle it; but conversation does not need to be settled; it could go ignorantly on、(Para、6)By looking up reference books one could settle the right or wrong of an argument、Thereference books would prove or refute the allegation of the speaker that “the King's English” isa term of criticism、However, there is no need to decide who is right or wrong in a conversation:It could go on without anybody knowing who is right or wrong、6、They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down tobeef、(Para、9)These animals are called "cattle" when they are aliveand feeding in the fields, but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat "beef"、The word "beef " es from the French word "boeuf"、7、The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier、、、hisown language、(Para、11)The new ruling class, by using French instead of English, made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers、barrier: originally, a fortress, stockade, etc、for defending an entrance or a gate; a thing that prevents passage or approach; obstruction, as a fence, wall, etc; here it means anything thatholds apart, separates, or hinders、e、g、The racial barrier; barriers to progress8、、、、English had e royally into its own、(Para、13)The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more、• e into one's own: to receive what properlybelongs to one, especially acclaim or recognition•royally: The King of England now spoke English (notFrench), so the term "the King's English" becameappropriate、English received the recognition of theKing, too、9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes、(Para、15)The phrase, the King's English, has always been used disparagingly and jokingly by the lowerclasses、The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of theeducated people、10.The rebellion against a cultural domination is still there、(Para、15)There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class、11、There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that “words will harden into things for us、”(Para、16)There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent、For example, the word "dog" is a symbolrepresenting a kind of animal、We mustn't regard the word "dog" as being the animal itself、12.…and the Kings Engl ish, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a classrepresentation of reality、(Para、16)The term "the King's English“ or the Anglo-French used by the Norman rulers only representsthe language used by the ruling class (or the king)、It represents the language used by a certainclass、13、The Kings English is a model — a rich and instructive one — but it ought not to be anultimatum、(Para、17)The King's English sets up an excellent standard for us to imitate, for we can gain a lot of useful knowledge or information by studying it, but people shouldn't be forced to accept it、14、So we may return to my beginning、(Para、18)The writer realizes he has been digressing from hissubject by discussing the King's English at length, sohe es back to his central theme — conversation、15、、、、but one suspects that the great minds were gossiping and judging the quality of the food andthe wine、(Para、19)But we suspect that great minds also liked gossiping and menting on the quality of the food and the wine、This supposition is supported by the example given in the next sentence、16、、、、the only difference between her cook and the supreme chef, Brinvilliers, lay in theirintentions、(Para、19)The only difference between Mme、Deffand's cook and the supreme chef Brinvilliers lay in their intentions and attitudes, i、e、how they treated their cooking、17、The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk senseand so ruin all conversation、(Para、21)A biting satirical sentence, deriding people who ruin good conversation by trying to talk"sense"、They behave just like chimpanzees which have been taught to talk、Chimpanzees, like all other nonhuman animals,are not capable of conversation、•Part Four—Language Study➢Ⅰ、Word Study➢Ⅱ、Phrases and Expressions•Ⅰ、Word StudyList:1、sociable2、musketeer3、delve4、desultorily5、monplace6、alchemy7、affirmation8、Saxon churl9、rift10、scamper11、tussle12、dandelion13、pejoratively14、facetiously15、edict❿ultimatum❿sinister•Ⅰ、Word Study1、sociable (Para、1)(adj、): friendly; agreeablee、g、The British students spent a sociable evening drinking in the pub、2、musketeer (Para、3)(n、): a solider armed with a musket (a smoothbore, long-barreled firearm, used especially by infantry soldiersbefore the invention of the rifle) 火枪手e、g、They tried to act as three musketeers in the dramacontest、3、delve (Para、3)(v、): dig, research; investigatee、g、The police did a thorough research to delve deeply into this murder case、4、desultorily (Para、4)(adj、): aimless without any particular plan or purposee、g、When we met after 10 years we talked desultorily in the tea house for long time till daybreak、5、monplace (Para、4)(adj、): ordinary, mone、g、In China, going to foreign countries for vacation has bee monplace、6、alchemy (Para、4)(n、): Alchemy is the power to change or create things in a way which seems mysterious and magical、e、g、In the third year, the alchemy occurred that Jack changed from a lazy and slothful person to ahard working top student、9、rift (Para、9)(n、): people or groups begin distrust each other usually caused by a serious disagreemente、g、 A deep rift has started in the two groups which will influence the work efficiency、10、scamper (Para、10)(v、): to run with quick short steps, like a child or an animale、g、The little mouse scampered in the courtyard、11、tussle (Para、13)(v、): (informal) to fight or struggle without using anyweapons (厮打)e、g、The drunkards are tussling with the security staff、12、dandelion (Para、14)(n、): a wild plant with yellow flowers and white balls ofseeds that travel a long way in the air 蒲公英e、g、The seeds of dandelion were carried to the meadow near my home by the wind、13、pejoratively (Para、15)(adv、): disparagingly, belittlingly or derogatorilye、g、We should not used the term pejoratively to describe the youth、14、facetiously (Para、15)(adv、): saying things that are intended to be clever andfunny but are really silly and annoyinge、g、Penny facetiously placed the cause of the failure in the math test to the terrible weather、15、edict (Para、16)(n、): an official public order issued by authority; decree;any mand or order13.e、g、The government issued an edict that none of that poet’s writings be destroyed、16、ultimatum (Para、17)(n、): a final offer or demand, especially by one of theparties engaged in negotiations, the rejection ofwhich usually leads to a break in relations, andunilateral actione、g、The landlady gave us an ultimatum: either Jack left or we both left her house for good、17、sinister (Para、18)(adj、): suggesting or threatening evil; presaging trouble; attended by or causing disaster or inauspicious circumstancese、g、I believe their proposals are worthless with sinister motives、•Ⅱ、Phrases and ExpressionsList:1、indulge in2、make a point3、in a flash4、on the rocks5、up-bringing6、of one's own7、turn up one's nose at8、into the shoes of9、e into its own10、slips and slides11、on (the) wings12、sit up at sth•Ⅱ、Phrases and Expressions1、indulge in (Para、1): allow oneself to have or enjoye、g、They indulged heavily in conversation and drink、2、make a point (Para、2):prove effectively truth of one‘s statement by argumente、g、There are several points I want to make in this speech、3、in a flash (Para、2): in a second, suddenlye、g、In a flash, we thought we could foresee the result of this event、4、upbringing (Para、3): the training and education received while growing upe、g、His upbringing in the pub explains a lot about his attitude towards bar friends、5、of one‘s own (Para、3): belong strictly to oneselfe、g、For reasons of her own, Lanlan refused to join the debating club、6、on the rocks (Para、3):to be in a condition of being wrecked or ruinede、g、Most business men in our country were on the rocks in the economic crisis period、7、on (the) wings (Para、8):flying, moving or travelinge、g、Hearing the good news that he was admitted by Harvard University, Steve was very excitedjust like a bird on wings、8、turn up one's nose at (Para、10): show contempt for sht/sbe、g、I hate the person who often turns up his nose at anyone who hasn't had a college education、9、into the shoes of (Para、11): in the position of experiencing what another has to experiencee、g、Let’s think in his shoe and we will understand him better、10、e into its own (Para、13): recognize what properly belongs to onee、g、With the success of the public speaking, the English Club of our department came into its own、11、slips and slides (Para、18) to slide on a slippery surface, to lose one's footing, therefore to makea mistakee、g、Even with the scholars, we notice that the King’s English slips and slides in conversation、12、sit up at (Para、18): (colloquial) to bee suddenly alerte、g、They all sat up at his threatening remarks、•Part Five — Extension➢Ⅰ、Useful Expressions➢Ⅱ、Discussion➢Ⅲ、Quiz➢Ⅳ、Writing•Ⅰ、Useful Expressions自我陶醉,自吹自擂一生漂泊不定毁坏;破产内心深处批评语刻薄得话罪犯得后代制定规章值得三思indulge in self-glorificationmeander through one’s lif eon the rocksrecesses of one’s thoughtsa term of criticismtart remarksdescendants of convictslay down rulesworth the reconsidering•Ⅰ、Useful Expressions深刻得阶级裂痕耕种土地,喂养牲畜对…嗤之以鼻怒气冲冲种族歧视有条件最后通牒英雄所见略同deep class rifttill the land and rear the animalsturn up one’s nose atin a rageracial discriminationqualified ultimatumGreat minds think alike、•Ⅱ、Discussion1、How does the writer connect "pub talk" with "the king's English" ?2、What is the quintessential part of bar conversation?3、How to explain that the the use of words can show class distinction?4、What’s the writer's political inclination?5、What’s your understanding of the sentence “The conquered in the end conquering the conqueror”?•Ⅲ、Quiz•Ⅳ、WritingWrite an essay of about 400 words with the title:My Views on a good conversationYou can approach the essay from the following perspectives:•your criteria for a good conversation;•the way to make a conversation good;•the effects to be expected of a good conversation•In the introduction part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in thedevelopment part you should support your argument with appropriate details、In theconclusion part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make asummary、。
高级英语二Lesson3课件
Henry Fairlie (1924--1990)
• Born in London, moved to the United States in 1966, lived in Washington D. C. and died at 66.
• Google image of Henry Fairlie
• Speaking of tips, you should never offer the bar staff tips. You can offer them a drink, which makes them feel proud and feel equal with others, instead of reminding of their service role.
• 4. Norman Conquest
• the conquest of England in 1066 by William, Duke of Normandy. • The duke, who was also known as William the Conqueror, led a Norman army across the Channel into England • The descendants of the Normans became the ruling class in England. For a time, they kept themselves aloof from the Anglo-Saxons 盎格鲁-撒克逊人and treated them as a conquered people. • the Normans and the Anglo-Saxons intermarried and blended into one. • The Normans contributed much to the English language and to English literature and architecture. At first, the Normans spoke French. Later, the Norman French blended with Germanic tone of the Anglo-Saxons became English.
Lesson 3 Pub Talk and the King's English
• Thomas Nash
5. Thomas Dekkers’ date of birth is guessed to be between 1570-1632. Almost nothing is known of his life, but his individuality is so distinctly reflected in his plays that he seems one of the most definite figures of his time — a sunny lighthearted nature, full of real, even if somewhat disorderly genius. The Shoemaker’s Holiday (1600), perhaps his earliest play, is his best. It is a delightful domestic comedy concerning the success of Simon Eyre, a master shoemaker who becomes the lord mayor of London. The play is notable for its realistic depiction of everyday life in 17th cInformation
1. About the author Henry Fairlie (13 January 1924 London, England - 25 February 1990 Washington, D.C.) was a British political journalist and social critic. Best known for coining the term "the Establishment", an analysis of how "all the right of people" came to run Britain largely through social connections, he spent 36 years as a prominent freelance writer on both sides of the Atlantic, appearing in The Spectator, The New Republic, The Washington Post, The New Yorker, and many other papers and magazines. He was also the author of five books, most notably The Kennedy Promise, 《肯尼迪的诺言》 an early revisionist critique of JFK's presidency ；The Life of Politics《政治 的生命》; and The spoiled Child of the Western World 《西方世界宠坏的孩子》
Lesson-1-Pub-Talk-and-the-King's-English幻灯片课件
The English colonization of different countries resulted in the creation of a variety of English: American English, Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English and Indian English. Later on, some words from science and technology and words from other countries also add to modern English.
Early modern English (1500-1800):
Many Latin and Greek words and phrases entered the language during Renaissance. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.
No.
1.3 Norman conquest
1.Reasons for William’s invasion of England after Edward’s death: taking the throne promised by Edward.
2. Consequence: He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Normans dominates over Saxons with supremacy in every fields, eg. language, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French.
Lesson_1pub_talk_and_the_King27s_English讲稿
•Lesson 1Pub Talk and the King’s English •Contents➢P art One: Warm-up➢P art Two: Background Information➢P art Three: Text Appreciation➢P art Four: Language Study➢P art Five: Extension•Part One—Warm-up➢Ⅰ. Video Watching➢Ⅱ. Brainstorming➢Ⅲ. Discussion➢Ⅳ. Learning Objectives•Ⅰ. Video WatchingWatch the video clip and describe it.UK Queen's Christmas Speech.mp4•What are the characteristics of the Queen’sEnglish?•Compare the difference between Queen’s English and the pub English.•Ⅱ. BrainstormingMake some predictions about the text to be learned.•Ⅲ. Discussion•What is the criteria for judging a good conversation?•Why is conversation an activity only of human beings?•How to make a good conversation?•What is a pub friend?•What’s the function of a pub to the English people’s life?•Ⅳ. Learning Objectives1. To be acquainted with the knowledge of the development of English.2. To know what is King's English and its history.3.To learn to use words to describe spoken English.4.To appreciate the language features.5.To learn to write a story about a language.6. To know the writing of an exposition.•Part Two—Background Information➢Ⅰ. About the Author➢Ⅱ. The History of English➢Ⅲ. History of English Pub➢I V.Alexandre Dumas and The Three Musketeers➢V. Thomas Carlyle•Ⅰ. About the AuthorHenry Fairlie (1924-1990)British journalist for The Spectator, which he joined in 1955.•Before that he had been a feature writer for The Observer 1948-50, and a political editorial writer for The Times 1950-54.•He was also a regular contributor to The New Republic from the mid-1970s until his death in 1990.•He relocated to the United States in 1965 to avoid a British libel suit, for having called his onetime lover a whore on television.•Ⅰ. About the Author•He was Best known for coining the term The Establishment in his column in The Spectator on23 September, 1955.•Fairlie wrote:–By the "Establishment", I do not only mean thecentres of official power—though they are certainlypart of it—but rather the whole matrix of officialand social relations withinwhich power is exercised.The exercise of power in Britain (more specifically, inEngland) cannot be understood unless it isrecognized that it is exercised socially. •Ⅰ. About the Author•He wrote five books, most notably The Kennedy Promise, an early revisionist critique of the USpresidency of John F. Kennedy.•In 2009, Yale University Press published Bite the Hand Feeds You: Essays and Provocations,an anthology of his work edited by Newspaper correspondent Jeremy McCarter. •The native people in Britain－Celt (language)2. Roman Conquest 43 AD, ruled for 400 years－Latin (language)3. In 449 Angles, Saxon, and Jutes from Northwest of Germany , conquered the most part ofEngland－old English (language)4. 9th century Scandinavian conquest－Danish (language)5. 11th century Norman Conquest for 400 years－French (language)6. British people conquered the conquest again.－English won its recognition.•Ⅱ. The History of English•Five Events that Shaped the History of English• 1. The Anglo-Saxon Settlement• 2. The Scandinavian Settlements• 3. The Norman Conquest• 4. Standardization：the Great Vowel Shift• 5. Colonization and Globalization•Ⅱ. The History of English• A Timeline of the History of the English Language•III. History of English Pub• A pub (public house) is a drinking establishment fundamental to the culture of Britain. •In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. •The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England. •III. History of English Pub•During the Middle Ages the pub sign came into existence—the earliest versions being green bushes set upon poles to indicate the sale of beer, stemming from the earlier Roman tradition of vines being displayed to advertise wine. By 14th century, more abstract names were common. •III. History of English Pub● Alcohol has been drunk and served throughout the British Isles in one form or another since theBronze Age.● The origins of the pub began to appear during the Roman colo nization of Britain. Placeswhere travelers could obtain rest and refreshment sprang up along the new road networks.These Roman taverns remained even after the withdrawal of the Romans from Britain. •III. History of English Pub•During the 16th and 17th centuries these establishments primarily sold beer and ale until the first half of the 18th century when the so-called “Gin Graze” took hold, esp. among the poorer classes as the production of gin(杜松子酒) had increased to six times that of beer. The 1751Gin Act forced gin makers to sell gin only to licensed premises and put drinking establishments under the control of local magistrates.In the 19th century, the Wine and Beerhouse was introduced to restrict the hours Public Houses could sell alcohol. The Licensing Act 2003 repealed the previous licensing laws for England and Wales, taking responsibility away from magistrates and placing it in the hands of local councils.Alexandre Dumas (1802－1870)best known for his historical novels of high adventure which have made him one of the most widely read French authors in the world. His works include The Count ofMonte Cristo;The ThreMusketeers; Twenty Years After The Three Musketeers is set in the 17th century.The novel recounts the adventures of a young man called d'Artagnan after he leaves home to travel to Paris, and then he joins the Musketeers of the Guard. His friends are: Athos, Porthos, and Aramis.They are inseparable friends who live by t he motto: "tous pour un, un pour tous“=All for one, one for all •V. Thomas CarlyleThomas Carlyle (1795-1881)•Famous English essayist and historian.•After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he rejected the ministry, for which he had been intended, and determined to he a writer.•In 1826 he married Jane Welsh, a well-informed and ambitious woman who did much to further his career. They moved to Jane' s farm at Craigenputtoeh where they lived for 6 years.During this time he produced Sartor Resartus (1833-1834), a book in which he first developed his characteristic style and thought.•This book is a veiled sardonic attack upon the shams and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed. •V. Thomas Carlyle•"Carlylese", a peculiar style of his own, was a compound of biblical phrases, colloquialisms, Teutonic twists, and his own coinings, arranged in unexpected sequences.•One of the most important social critics of his day, Carlyle influenced many men of the younger generation.•Part Three—Text Appreciation➢Ⅰ. Text Analysis→Introduction to Exposition→Theme of the Text→Text Organization→Further Understanding➢Ⅱ. Writing Devices→Language Style→Rhetorical Devices➢Ⅲ. Sentence Paraphrase•Ⅰ. Text AnalysisIntroduction to Exposition•" Pub Talk and the King's English " is a piece of exposition (informative writing). •Exposition is to put forth an idea or suggestion and expound on it.•The purpose or intention of the writer of the exposition is to inform or explain. •Ⅰ. Text Analysis•Exposition is the most common kind of writing, for it is applicable to anything whichchallenges the understanding, for example, the definition of a term, the structure of a lab, the meaning of a historical event, the significance of a political system, etc. •Ⅰ. Text AnalysisThe writer of an exposition generally makes a statement (thesis) of the central thought or of his purpose first.The thesis can be supported and developed in a variety of ways.The following are some of the approaches usually used in writing: definition, identification, illustration, comparison, contrast, analogy, analysis.•Ⅰ. Text Analysis1. Conversation is an activity of human beings, and a good conversation is not for making a point.Conversation in a pub has a charm of its own2. English has fought for centuries to be recognized and we should be proud of King’s English. •Ⅰ. Text AnalysisText Organization (loose structure)•Part 1 (Paras. 1-3):Introduction:The writer puts forward the theses: conversation is the most sociable of all human activities and bar conversation has a charm of its own.•Part 2 (Paras. 4-11):Development 1:The charm of conversation is that there is no fixed topic. Example: the King's English — Australia — the Saxon peasants—cultural humiliation--revolt.•Ⅰ. Text AnalysisFurther Understanding1. The major theme of this essay is _______.A. pub talk in King’s EnglishB. conversation is universalC. the charm of bar conversationD. the history of King’s English2. The style of this piece of exposition is _____.A. ironicB. informalC. formalD. sarcastic•Ⅰ. Text Analysis3. The author likes bar conversation because ______.A. it is casual and not for making a pointB. it will not use the King’s EnglishC. it is usually formal and seriousD. it is interesting and argumentative4. “The King’s or Queen’s English ” came into use in the ______.A. 15th centuryB. 16th centuryC. 17th centuryD. 18th century•Ⅰ. Text Analysis5. The best conversationalists are those ______.A. who are trying to make a pointB. who are trying to talk senseC. who are to ready loseD. who are prepared to win•Ⅱ. Writing DevicesLanguage Style1. Effective use of verbsThe effective use of verbs is a way to strengthen the impression.e.g. meander, leap, sparkle, glow, slip, slide, etc.•Ⅱ. Writing DevicesLanguage Style2. Effective use of allusion(典故)An allusion is a reference to a person, place, or event that bears an association to the topic of a discourse so as to impress the reader.e.g. “They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,…”“Is the phrase in Shakespeare?...When Mistress Quickly Iin The Merry Wives of Winsor says of her master…”•Ⅱ. Writing DevicesRhetorical Devices: SimileDefinition:A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at leastone quality or characteristic in common. Simile is almost always introduced by the following words: like, as, as…as, as it were, as if, as though, be something of, similar to, etc. •Ⅱ. Writing Devicese.g.1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. (Para. 3)•The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14)•Ⅱ. Writing DevicesRhetorical Devices: MetaphorDefinition:Metaphor is a figure of speech where comparison is implied. It is also a comparison between two unlike elements with a similar quality. But unlike a simile, this comparison is implied, notexpressed with the word “as” or “like”.•Ⅱ. Writing Devicese.g.The charm of conversation is that… it will go as it meanders or leaps and spark les or just glows .(Para.2)(comparing the conversation to a stream which meanders and leaps & the fire which glows and sparkles.)2. Suddenly, the alchemy of conversation took place. (Para.6)( comparing the sudden change of the topic in the conversation to the miraculous alchemy)3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para.6)(comparing the conversation to a fire.)•Ⅱ. Writing Devices4. The conversation was on wings. (Para.8)(comparing the conversation to a bird flying and soaring.)5. …think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para.11)(comparing into the shoes to in another’s position.)6. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)(comparing his keen interest in dictionaries to having a love affair.)7. …the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18)(comparing the casual mistakes in the spoken English to careless slides in walking.)•Ⅲ. Sentence Paraphrase1. And it is an activity only of humans. (Para. l)And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation) .2. Conversation is not for making a point. (Para. 2)Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. In a conversationwe should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. (Para. 2)In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other's lives. (Para. 3)People who meet each other for a drink in a pub arenot intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other's lives.•That would settle it; but conversation does not need to be settled; it could go ignorantly on.(Para. 6)By looking up reference books one could settle the right or wrong of an argument. Thereference books would prove or refute the allegation of the speaker that “the King's English” isa term of criticism.However, there is no need to decide who is right or wrong in a conversation:It could go on without anybody knowing who is right or wrong.6. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down tobeef. (Para. 9)These animals are called "cattle" when they are aliveand feeding in the fields, but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat "beef". The word "beef " comes from the Frenchword "boeuf".7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier (i)own language. (Para. 11)The new ruling class, by using French instead of English, made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.barrier: originally, a fortress, stockade, etc. for defending an entrance or a gate; a thing that prevents passage or approach; obstruction, as a fence, wall, etc; here it means anything thatholds apart, separates, or hinders.e.g. The racial barrier; barriers to progress8. ...English had come royally into its own. (Para. 13)The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more. •come into one's own: to receive what properlybelongs to one, especially acclaim or recognition•royally: The King of England now spoke English (notFrench), so the term "the King's English" becameappropriate. English received the recognition of theKing, too.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.(Para. 15)The phrase, the King's English, has always been used disparagingly and jokingly by the lowerclasses. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of theeducated people.10.The rebellion against a cultural domination is still there. (Para. 15)There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that “words will harden into things for us.”(Para. 16)There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. For example, the word "dog" is a symbol representinga kind of animal. We mustn't regard the word "dog" as being the animal itself.12.…and the Kings English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a classrepresentation of reality. (Para. 16)The term "the King's English“ or the Anglo-French used by the Norman rulers only representsthe language used by the ruling class (or the king). It represents the language used by a certain class.13. The Kings English is a model — a rich and instructive one — but it ought not to be an ultimatum.(Para. 17)The King's English sets up an excellent standard for us to imitate, for we can gain a lot of useful knowledge or information by studying it, but people shouldn't be forced to accept it.14. So we may return to my beginning. (Para. 18)The writer realizes he has been digressing from hissubject by discussing the King's English at length, sohe comes back to his central theme — conversation.15. ...but one suspects that the great minds were gossiping and judging the quality of the food andthe wine. (Para. 19)But we suspect that great minds also liked gossiping and commenting on the quality of the food and the wine. This supposition is supported by the example given in the next sentence.16. ...the only difference between her cook and the supreme chef, Brinvilliers, lay in their intentions.(Para. 19)The only difference between Mme. Deffand's cook and the supreme chef Brinvilliers lay in their intentions and attitudes, i.e. how they treated their cooking.17. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk senseand so ruin all conversation. (Para. 21)A biting satirical sentence, deriding people who ruin good conversation by trying to talk "sense".They behave just like chimpanzees which have been taught to talk. Chimpanzees, like all other nonhuman animals,are not capable of conversation.•Part Four—Language Study➢Ⅰ. Word Study➢Ⅱ. Phrases and Expressions•Ⅰ. Word StudyList:1. sociable2. musketeer3. delve4. desultorily5. commonplace6. alchemy7. affirmation8. Saxon churl9. rift10. scamper11. tussle12. dandelion13. pejoratively14. facetiously15. edict❿ultimatum❿sinister•Ⅰ. Word Study1. sociable (Para.1)(adj.): friendly; agreeablee.g. The British students spent a sociable evening drinking in the pub.2. musketeer (Para. 3)(n.): a solider armed with a musket (a smoothbore, long-barreled firearm, used especially by infantry soldiersbefore the invention of the rifle) 火枪手e.g. They tried to act as three musketeers in the dramacontest.3. delve (Para.3)(v.): dig, research; investigatee.g. The police did a thorough research to delve deeply into this murder case.4. desultorily (Para.4)(adj.): aimless without any particular plan or purposee.g. When we met after 10 years we talked desultorily in the tea house for long time till daybreak.5. commonplace (Para.4)(adj.): ordinary, commone.g. In China, going to foreign countries for vacation has become commonplace.6. alchemy (Para.4)(n.): Alchemy is the power to change or create things in a way which seems mysterious and magical.e.g. In the third year, the alchemy occurred that Jack changed from a lazy and slothful person to ahard working top student.9. rift (Para. 9)(n.): people or groups begin distrust each other usually caused by a serious disagreemente.g. A deep rift has started in the two groups which will influence the work efficiency.10. scamper (Para. 10)(v.): to run with quick short steps, like a child or an animale.g. The little mouse scampered in the courtyard.11. tussle (Para. 13)(v.): (informal) to fight or struggle without using anyweapons (厮打)e.g. The drunkards are tussling with the security staff.12. dandelion (Para. 14)(n.): a wild plant with yellow flowers and white balls ofseeds that travel a long way in the air 蒲公英e.g. The seeds of dandelion were carried to the meadow near my home by the wind.13. pejoratively (Para. 15)(adv.): disparagingly, belittlingly or derogatorilye.g. We should not used the term pejoratively to describe the youth.14. facetiously (Para.15)(adv.): saying things that are intended to be clever andfunny but are really silly and annoyinge.g. Penny facetiously placed the cause of the failure in the math test to the terrible weather.15. edict (Para. 16)(n.): an official public order issued by authority; decree;any command or order13. e.g. The government issued an edict that none of tha t poet’s writings be destroyed. 16. ultimatum (Para. 17)(n.): a final offer or demand, especially by one of theparties engaged in negotiations, the rejection ofwhich usually leads to a break in relations, andunilateral actione.g. The landlady gave us an ultimatum: either Jack left or we both left her house for good.17. sinister (Para. 18)(adj.): suggesting or threatening evil; presaging trouble; attended by or causing disaster or inauspicious circumstancese.g. I believe their proposals are worthless with sinister motives. •Ⅱ. Phrases and ExpressionsList:1. indulge in2. make a point3. in a flash4. on the rocks5. up-bringing6. of one's own7. turn up one's nose at8. into the shoes of9. come into its own10. slips and slides11. on (the) wings12. sit up at sth•Ⅱ. Phrases and Expressions1. indulge in (Para. 1): allow oneself to have or enjoye.g. They indulged heavily in conversation and drink.2. make a point (Para. 2):prove effectively tr uth of one‘s statement by argumente.g. There are several points I want to make in this speech.3. in a flash (Para. 2): in a second, suddenlye.g. In a flash, we thought we could foresee the result of this event.4. upbringing (Para. 3): the training and education received while growing upe.g. His upbringing in the pub explains a lot about his attitude towards bar friends.5. of one‘s own (Para. 3): belong strictly to oneselfe.g. For reasons of her own, Lanlan refused to join the debating club.6. on the rocks (Para. 3):to be in a condition of being wrecked or ruinede.g. Most business men in our country were on the rocks in the economic crisis period.7. on (the) wings (Para. 8):flying, moving or travelinge.g. Hearing the good news that he was admitted by Harvard University, Steve was very excited justlike a bird on wings.8. turn up one's nose at (Para. 10): show contempt for sht/sbe.g. I hate the person who often turns up his nose at anyone who hasn't had a college education.9. into the shoes of (Para. 11): in the position of experiencing what another has to experiencee.g. Let’s think in his shoe and we will understand him better.10. come into its own (Para. 13): recognize what properly belongs to onee.g. With the success of the public speaking, the English Club of our department came into its own.11. slips and slides (Para. 18) to slide on a slippery surface, to lose one's footing, therefore to make amistakee.g. Even with the scholars, we notice that the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.12. sit up at (Para. 18): (colloquial) to become suddenly alerte.g. They all sat up at his threatening remarks.•Part Five — Extension ➢Ⅰ. Useful Expressions ➢Ⅱ. Discussion ➢Ⅲ. Quiz➢Ⅳ. Writing •Ⅰ. Useful Expressions自我醉，自吹自擂一生漂泊不定毁坏；破产心深处批评语刻薄的话罪犯的后代制定规章值得三思indulge in self-glorification meander through one’s lifeon the rocksrecesses of one’s thoughtsa term of criticismtart remarksdescendants of convictslay down rulesworth the reconsidering •Ⅰ. Useful Expressions深刻的阶级裂痕耕种土地，喂养牲畜对…嗤之以鼻怒气冲冲种族歧视有条件最后通牒英雄所见略同deep class rifttill the land and rear the animalsturn up one’s nose atin a rageracial discriminationqualified ultimatumGreat minds think alike.•Ⅱ. Discussion1. How does the writer connect "pub talk" with "the king's English" ?2. What is the quintessential part of bar conversation?3. How to explain that the the use of words can show class distinction?4. What’s the writer's political inclinat ion?5. What’s your understanding of the sentence “The conquered in the end conquering the conqueror”?•Ⅲ. Quiz•Ⅳ. WritingWrite an essay of about 400 words with the title:My Views on a good conversationYou can approach the essay from the following perspectives:•your criteria for a good conversation;•the way to make a conversation good;•the effects to be expected of a good conversation•In the introduction part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in thedevelopment part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the conclusion part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.。
Pub_Talk_and_the_King’s_English.ppt 用
2. Early Old English (450 — C. 850)
• Anglo-Saxons invaded Britain in C. AD 499 when Romans left. Settlers brought a variety of Germanic dialects from mainland Europe. First English literature appeared in C. AD 700. English borrowed many words from Latin via the church.
Background Information
• 3. In 449, Angles, Saxon, and
Jutes from Northwest of Germany ,
conquered the most part of
England
•
English --- old English conquest Danish (language)
• English vocabulary and spelling were now affected by French, which became the official language of England. Educated English people were trilingual: French, Latin, and English.
高级英语课件Pub Talk and the King27s English
Teaching Focus
Different expressions in folk and official English
Language: a set of rules or a living thing
The influence of social status and
surroundings on the development of
21
Pub Talk
conversation held in the public house
22
the King's English or the Queen’s English
standard English used in a monarchy country NOW: The Queen’s English
33
Brief History of English
Henry VIII
(1509-1547 in reign)
Elizabeth
(1558-1603 in reign)
Wives of Henry VIII: (1) Catherine of Aragon (2) Anne Boleyn (3) Jane Seymour (4) Anne of Cleves (5) Catherine Howard (6) Catherine Parr
The King/Queen’s English, History of English
Relative Information of English History
The Washington Post
Alexandre Dumas and Other
Writers
Lesson1pubtalkandtheKingsEnglish讲稿
Lesson1pubtalkandtheKingsEnglish讲稿Lesson 1Pub Talk and the King?s English ?ContentsP art One: Warm-upP art Two: Background InformationP art Three: Text AppreciationP art Four: Language StudyP art Five: ExtensionPart One—Warm-upⅠ. Video WatchingⅡ. BrainstormingⅢ. DiscussionⅣ. Learning ObjectivesⅠ. Video WatchingWatch the video clip and describe it.UK Queen's Christmas Speech.mp4What are the characteristics of the Queen?sEnglish?Compare the difference between Queen?s English and the pub English.Ⅱ. BrainstormingMake some predictions about the text to be learned.Ⅲ. DiscussionWhat is the criteria for judging a good conversation?Why is conversation an activity only of human beings?How to make a good conversation?What is a pub friend?What?s the function of a pub to the English people?s life?Ⅳ. Learning Objectives1. To be acquainted with the knowledge of the development of English.2. To know what is King's English and its history.3.To learn to use words to describe spoken English.4.To appreciate the language features.5.To learn to write a story about a language.6. To know the writing of an exposition.Part Two—Background InformationⅠ. About the AuthorⅡ. The His tory of EnglishⅢ. History of English PubI V.Alexandre Dumas and The Three MusketeersV. Thomas CarlyleⅠ. About the AuthorHenry Fairlie (1924-1990)British journalist for The Spectator, which he joined in 1955.Before that he had been a feature writer for The Observer 1948-50, and a political editorial writer for The Times 1950-54.He was also a regular contributor to The New Republic from the mid-1970s until his death in 1990.He relocated to the United States in 1965 to avoid a British libel suit, for having called his onetime lover a whore on television.Ⅰ. About the AuthorHe was Best known for coining the term The Establishment in his column in The Spectator on23 September, 1955.Fairlie wrote:–By the "Establishment", I do not only mean thecentres of official power—though they are certainlypart of it—but ratherthe whole matrix of officialand social relations within which power is exercised.The exercise of power in Britain (more specifically, inEngland) cannot be understood unless it isrecognized that it is exercised socially. ?Ⅰ. About the AuthorHe wrote five books, most notably The Kennedy Promise, an early revisionist critique of the USpresidency of John F. Kennedy.In 2009, Yale University Press published Bite the Hand Feeds You: Essays and Provocations,an anthology of his work edited by Newspaper correspondent Jeremy McCarter. ?The native people in Britain －Celt (language)2. Roman Conquest 43 AD, ruled for 400 years－Latin (language)3. In 449 Angles, Saxon, and Jutes from Northwest of Germany , conquered the most part ofEngland－old English (language)4. 9th century Scandinavian conquest－Danish (language)5. 11th century Norman Conquest for 400 years－French (language)6. British people conquered the conquest again.－English won its recognition.Ⅱ. The History of EnglishFive Events that Shaped the History of English1. The Anglo-Saxon Settlement2. The Scandinavian Settlements3. The Norman Conquest4. Standardization：the Great Vowel Shift5. Colonization and GlobalizationⅡ. The History of EnglishA Timeline of the History of the English LanguageIII. History of English PubA pub (public house) is a drinking establishment fundamental to the culture of Britain. ?In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. ?The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England. ?III. History of English PubDuring the Middle Ages the pub sign came into existence—the earliest versions being green bushes set upon poles to indicate the sale of beer, stemming from the earlier Roman tradition of vines being displayed to advertise wine. By 14th century, more abstract names were common. ?III. History of English Pub● Alcohol has been drunk and served throughout the British Isles in one form or another since theBronze Age.● The origins of the pub began to appear during the Roman colo nization of Britain. Placeswhere travelers could obtain rest and refreshment sprang up along the new road networks.These Roman taverns remained even after the withdrawal of the Romans from Britain. ?III. History of English PubDuring the 16th and 17th centuries these establishments primarily sold beer and ale until the first half of the 18th century when the so-called “Gin Graze” took hold, esp. among the poorer classes as the production of gin(杜松子酒) had increased to six times that of beer. The 1751Gin Act forced gin makers to sell gin only to licensed premises and put drinking establishments under the control of local magistrates.In the 19th century, the Wine and Beerhouse was introduced to restrict the hours Public Houses could sell alcohol. The Licensing Act 2003 repealed the previous licensing laws for England and Wales, taking responsibility away from magistrates and placing it in the hands of local councils.Alexandre Dumas (1802－1870)best known for his historical novels of high adventure which have made him one of the most widely read French authors in the world. His works include The Count ofMonte Cristo;The Thre Musketeers; Twenty Years After The Three Musketeers is set in the 17th century.The novel recounts the adventures of a young man called d'Artagnan after he leaves home to travel to Paris, and then he joins the Musketeers of the Guard. His friends are: Athos, Porthos, and Aramis.They are inseparable friends who live by t he motto: "tous pour un, un pour tous“=All for one, one for all ?V. Thomas CarlyleThomas Carlyle (1795-1881)Famous English essayist and historian.After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he rejected the ministry, for which he had been intended, and determined to he a writer.In 1826 he married Jane Welsh, a well-informed and ambitious woman who did much to further his career. They moved to Jane' s farm at Craigenputtoeh where they lived for 6 years.During this time he produced Sartor Resartus (1833-1834), a book in which he first developed his characteristic style andthought.This book is a veiled sardonic attack upon the shams and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed. ?V. Thomas Carlyle"Carlylese", a peculiar style of his own, was a compound of biblical phrases, colloquialisms, Teutonic twists, and his own coinings, arranged in unexpected sequences.One of the most important social critics of his day, Carlyle influenced many men of the younger generation.Part Three—Text AppreciationⅠ. Text Analysis→Introduction to Exposition→Theme of the Text→Text Organization→Further UnderstandingⅡ. Writing Devices→L anguage Style→Rhetorical DevicesⅢ. Sentenc e ParaphraseⅠ. Text AnalysisIntroduction to Exposition" Pub Talk and the King's English " is a piece of exposition (informative writing). ?Exposition is to put forth an idea or suggestion and expound on it.The purpose or intention of the writer of the exposition is to inform or explain. ?Ⅰ. Text AnalysisExposition is the most common kind of writing, for it is applicable to anything whichchallenges the understanding, for example, the definition ofa term, the structure of a lab, the meaning of a historical event, the significance of a political system, etc. ?Ⅰ. Text Analysis The writer of an exposition generally makes a statement (thesis) of the central thought or of his purpose first.The thesis can be supported and developed in a variety of ways.The following are some of the approaches usually used in writing: definition, identification, illustration, comparison, contrast, analogy, analysis.Ⅰ. Text Analysis1. Conversation is an activity of human beings, and a good conversation is not for making a point.Conversation in a pub has a charm of its own2. English has fought for centuries to be recognized and we should be proud of King?s English. ?Ⅰ. Text AnalysisText Organization (loose structure)Part 1 (Paras. 1-3):Introduction:The writer puts forward the theses: conversation is the most sociable of all human activities and bar conversation has a charm of its own.Part 2 (Paras. 4-11):Development 1:The charm of conversation is that there is no fixed topic. Example: the King's English — Australia — the Saxon peasants—cultural humiliation--revolt.Ⅰ. Text AnalysisFurther Understanding1. The major theme of this essay is _______.A. pub talk in King?s EnglishB. conversation is universalC. the charm of bar conversationD. the history of King?s English2. The style of this piece of exposition is _____.A. ironicB. informalC. formalD. sarcasticⅠ. Text Analysis3. The author likes bar conversation because ______.A. it is casual and not for making a pointB. it will not use the King?s EnglishC. it is usually formal and seriousD. it is interesting and argumentative4. “The King?s or Queen?s English ” came into use in the ______.A. 15th centuryB. 16th centuryC. 17th centuryD. 18th centuryⅠ. Text Analysis5. The best conversationalists are those ______.A. who are trying to make a pointB. who are trying to talk senseC. who are to ready loseD. who are prepared to winⅡ. Writing DevicesLanguage Style1. Effective use of verbsThe effective use of verbs is a way to strengthen theimpression.e.g. meander, leap, sparkle, glow, slip, slide, etc.Ⅱ. Writing DevicesLanguage Style2. Effective use of allusion(典故)An allusion is a reference to a person, place, or event that bears an association to the topic of a discourse so as to impress the reader.e.g. “They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,…”“Is the phrase in Shakespeare?...When Mistress Quickly Iin The Merry Wives of Winsor says of her master…”Ⅱ. Writing DevicesRhetorical Devices: SimileDefinition:A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at leastone quality or characteristic in common. Simile is almost always introduced by the following words: like, as, as…as, as it were, as if, as though, be something of, similar to, etc. ?Ⅱ. Writin g Devicese.g.1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into each other?s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. (Para. 3)?The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14)Ⅱ. Writing DevicesRhetorical Devices: MetaphorDefinition:Metaphor is a figure of speech where comparison is implied. It is also a comparison between two unlike elements with a similar quality. But unlike a simile, this comparison is implied, not expressed with the word “as” or “like”.Ⅱ. Writing Devicese.g.The charm of conversation is that… it will go as it meanders or leaps and spark les or just glows .(Para.2)(comparing the conversation to a stream which meanders and leaps & the fire which glows and sparkles.)2. Suddenly, the alchemy of conversation took place. (Para.6)( comparing the sudden change of the topic in the conversation to the miraculous alchemy)3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para.6)(comparing the conversation to a fire.)Ⅱ. Writing Devices4. The conversation was on wings. (Para.8)(comparing the conversation to a bird flying and soaring.)5. …think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para.11)(comparing into the shoes to in another?s position.)6. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)(comparing his keen interest in dictionaries to having a love affair.)7. …the King?s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para.18)(comparing the casual mistakes in the spoken English to careless slides in walking.)Ⅲ. Sentence Paraphrase1. And it is an activity only of humans. (Para. l)And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation) .2. Conversation is not for making a point. (Para. 2)Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. In a conversationwe should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. (Para. 2)In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other's lives. (Para. 3)People who meet each other for a drink in a pub arenot intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other's lives.That would settle it; but conversation does not need to be settled; it could go ignorantly on.(Para. 6)By looking up reference books one could settle the right or wrong of an argument. Thereference books would prove or refute the allegation of the speaker that “the King's English” isa term of criticism.However, there is no need to decide who is right or wrong in a conversation:It could go on without anybody knowing who is right or wrong.6. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down tobeef. (Para.9)These animals are called "cattle" when they are aliveand feeding in the fields, but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat "beef". The word "beef " comes from the French word "boeuf".7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier (i)own language. (Para. 11)The new ruling class, by using French instead of English, made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.barrier: originally, a fortress, stockade, etc. for defending an entrance or a gate; a thing that prevents passage or approach; obstruction, as a fence, wall, etc; here it means anything that holds apart, separates, or hinders.e.g. The racial barrier; barriers to progress8. ...English had come royally into its own. (Para. 13)The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more. ?come into one's own: to receive what properlybelongs to one, especially acclaim or recognitionroyally: The King of England now spoke English (notFrench), so the term "the King's English" becameappropriate. English received the recognition of theKing, too.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.(Para. 15)The phrase, the King's English, has always been used disparagingly and jokingly by the lowerclasses. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of theeducated people.10.The rebellion against a cultural domination is still there. (Para. 15)There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that “words will harden into things for us.”(Para. 16)There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. For example, the word "dog" is a symbol representinga kind of animal. We mustn't regard the word "dog" as being the animal itself.12.…and the Kings English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a classrepresentation of reality. (Para. 16)The term "the King's English“ or the Anglo-French used by the Norman rulers only representsthe language used by the ruling class (or the king). It represents the language used by a certain class.13. The Kings English is a model — a rich and instructive one — but it ought not to be an ultimatum.(Para. 17)The King's English sets up an excellent standard for us to imitate, for we can gain a lot of useful knowledge or information by studying it, but people shouldn't be forced to accept it.14. So we may return to my beginning. (Para. 18)The writer realizes he has been digressing from hissubject by discussing the King's English at length, sohe comes back to his central theme — conversation.15. ...but one suspects that the great minds were gossiping and judging the quality of the food andthe wine. (Para. 19)But we suspect that great minds also liked gossiping and commenting on the quality of the food and the wine. This supposition is supported by the example given in the next sentence.16. ...the only difference between her cook and the supreme chef, Brinvilliers, lay in their intentions.(Para. 19)The only difference between Mme. Deffand's cook and the supreme chef Brinvilliers lay in their intentions and attitudes, i.e. how they treated their cooking.17. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk senseand so ruin all conversation. (Para. 21)A biting satirical sentence, deriding people who ruin good conversation by trying to talk "sense".They behave just like chimpanzees which have been taught to talk. Chimpanzees, like all other nonhuman animals,are not capable of conversation.Part Four—Language StudyⅠ. Word StudyⅡ. Phrases and ExpressionsⅠ. Word StudyList:1. sociable2. musketeer3. delve4. desultorily5. commonplace6. alchemy7. affirmation8. Saxon churl9. rift10. scamper11. tussle12. dandelion13. pejoratively14. facetiously15. edictultimatumsinisterⅠ. Word Study1. sociable (Para.1)(adj.): friendly; agreeablee.g. The British students spent a sociable evening drinking in the pub.2. musketeer (Para. 3)(n.): a solider armed with a musket (a smoothbore, long-barreled firearm, used especially by infantry soldiersbefore the invention of the rifle) 火枪手e.g. They tried to act as three musketeers in the dramacontest.3. delve (Para.3)(v.): dig, research; investigatee.g. The police did a thorough research to delve deeply into this murder case.4. desultorily (Para.4)(adj.): aimless without any particular plan or purposee.g. When we met after 10 years we talked desultorily in the tea house for long time till daybreak.5. commonplace (Para.4)(adj.): ordinary, commone.g. In China, going to foreign countries for vacation has become commonplace.6. alchemy (Para.4)(n.): Alchemy is the power to change or create things in a way which seems mysterious and magical.e.g. In the third year, the alchemy occurred that Jack changed from a lazy and slothful person to ahard working top student.9. rift (Para. 9)(n.): people or groups begin distrust each other usually caused by a serious disagreemente.g. A deep rift has started in the two groups which will influence the work efficiency.10. scamper (Para. 10)(v.): to run with quick short steps, like a child or an animale.g. The little mouse scampered in the courtyard.11. tussle (Para. 13)(v.): (informal) to fight or struggle without using anyweapons (厮打)e.g. The drunkards are tussling with the security staff.12. dandelion (Para. 14)(n.): a wild plant with yellow flowers and white balls ofseeds that travel a long way in the air 蒲公英e.g. The seeds of dandelion were carried to the meadow near my home by the wind.13. pejoratively (Para. 15)(adv.): disparagingly, belittlingly or derogatorilye.g. We should not used the term pejoratively to describe the youth.14. facetiously (Para.15)(adv.): saying things that are intended to be clever andfunny but are really silly and annoyinge.g. Penny facetiously placed the cause of the failure in the math test to the terrible weather.15. edict (Para. 16)(n.): an official public order issued by authority; decree;any command or order13. e.g. The government issued an edict that none of that poet?s writings be destroyed. 16. ultimatum (Para. 17) (n.): a final offer or demand, especially by one of theparties engaged in negotiations, the rejection ofwhich usually leads to a break in relations, andunilateral actione.g. The landlady gave us an ultimatum: either Jack left or we both left her house for good.17. sinister (Para. 18)(adj.): suggesting or threatening evil; presaging trouble; attended by or causing disaster or inauspicious circumstancese.g. I believe their proposals are worthless with sinister motives. ?Ⅱ. Phrases and ExpressionsList:1. indulge in2. make a point3. in a flash4. on the rocks5. up-bringing6. of one's own7. turn up one's nose at8. into the shoes of9. come into its own10. slips and slides11. on (the) wings12. sit up at sthⅡ. Phrases and Expressions1. indulge in (Para. 1): allow oneself to have or enjoye.g. They indulged heavily in conversation and drink.2. make a point (Para. 2):prove effectively truth of one…s statement by argumente.g. There are several points I want to make in this speech.3. in a flash (Para. 2): in a second, suddenlye.g. In a flash, we thought we could foresee the result of this event.4. upbringing (Para. 3): the training and education received while growing upe.g. His upbringing in the pub explains a lot about his attitude towards bar friends.5. of one…s own (Para. 3): belong strictly to oneselfe.g. For reasons of her own, Lanlan refused to join the debating club.6. on the rocks (Para. 3):to be in a condition of being wrecked or ruinede.g. Most business men in our country were on the rocks in the economic crisis period.7. on (the) wings (Para. 8):flying, moving or travelinge.g. Hearing the good news that he was admitted by Harvard University, Steve was very excited justlike a bird on wings.8. turn up one's nose at (Para. 10): show contempt for sht/sbe.g. I hate the person who often turns up his nose at anyone who hasn't had a college education.9. into the shoes of (Para. 11): in the position of experiencing what another has to experiencee.g. Let?s think in his shoe and we will understand him better.10. come into its own (Para. 13): recognize what properly belongs to onee.g. With the success of the public speaking, the English Club of our department came into its own.11. slips and slides (Para. 18) to slide on a slippery surface, to lose one's footing, therefore to make amistakee.g. Even with the scholars, we notice that the King?s English slips and slides in conversation.12. sit up at (Para. 18): (colloquial) to become suddenly alerte.g. They all sat up at his threatening remarks.Part Five — Extension Ⅰ. Useful Expressions Ⅱ. Discussion Ⅲ. QuizⅣ. Writing ?Ⅰ. Useful Expressions自我陶醉，自吹自擂一生漂泊不定毁坏；破产内心深处批评语刻薄的话罪犯的后代制定规章值得三思indulge in self-glorification meander through one?s lifeon the rocksrecesses of one?s thoughtsa term of criticismtart remarksdescendants of convictslay down rulesworth the reconsidering ?Ⅰ. Useful Expressions深刻的阶级裂痕耕种土地，喂养牲畜对…嗤之以鼻怒气冲冲种族歧视有条件最后通牒英雄所见略同deep class rifttill the land and rear the animalsturn up one?s nose atin a rageracial discriminationqualified ultimatumGreat minds think alike.Ⅱ. Discussion1. How does the writer connect "pub talk" with "the king's English" ?2. What is the quintessential part of bar conversation?3. How to explain that the the use of words can show class distinction?4. What?s the writer's political inclination?5. What?s your understanding of the sentence “The conquered in the end conquering the conqueror”??Ⅲ. Quiz Ⅳ. WritingWrite an essay of about 400 words with the title:My Views on a good conversationYou can approach the essay from the following perspectives: your criteria for a good conversation;the way to make a conversation good;the effects to be expected of a good conversationIn the introduction part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in thedevelopment part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the conclusion part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.。