高考英语语法专题——专题11名词

1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，69)This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts.

答案：introduction 由空格前的定冠词the可知其后应接名词作介词with的宾语。

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，66)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate).

答案：education 形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语。由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education。

3．(2017·浙江高考，56) Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.

答案：carrots 由空格前面的修饰语a handful of “一把……；少量的”可知后面的名词carrot应用复数形式carrots。

4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.

答案：studies 根据句子谓语动词show可知，主语应该是名词的复数形式。

5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract).

答案：attraction 根据空格前的形容词top可知应用名词，形容词常用作定语来修饰名词。

6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，42)Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve).

答案：achievement 介词of后要用名词作宾语。a sense of

achievem ent “成就感”。

7．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________ (day) with his sister.

答案：days few修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。every few days “每隔几天”。

8．(2016·江苏高考，阅读C)The weather ________(effect), both good and bad, are felt in many places.

答案：effects 句子的谓语为are felt，由此可知句子的主语也应该是复数形式effects。

9．(2016·北京高考，阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.

答案：growth 形容词important用来修饰名词；根据句子结构 ... and the development ... 可知此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列。

10．(2015·浙江高考，15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.

答案：stress 动词reduce后需用名词作宾语，stress “压力，紧张”，是不可数名词。句意：减压的最有效方法之一是和你信任的人谈论感受。

一、可数名词的数

可数名词都有单数和复数之分。

(一)名词复数的规则变化

(二)名词复数的不规则变化

二、不可数名词

不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有单复数之分。

1．常考的不可数名词

2．抽象名词具体化

抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常见的和常考的有：

3．物质名词的复数现象

(1)有些物质名词用复数形式表示与原来不同的事物。

paper(纸)—papers(证件，论文)

custom(风俗习惯)—customs(海关)

arm(胳膊)—arms(武器，装备)

air(空气)—airs(摆架子，装腔作势)

(2)有一些物质名词用复数形式，表示由大量该物质组成的事物。

sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩，沙漠)

water(水)—waters(水域，水体)

time(时间)—times(时代)

wood(木头，木材)—woods(树林)

(3)有些物质名词用复数形式表示不同的种类，如food, wine,

metal, fish, vegetable等。

The wines of France are among the best in the world.

三、名词的所有格

1．有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加­'s。

his father's boss 他爸爸的老板

2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加­'s表示其所有格。