2013年各区一模五选四和简答
上海市2013年各区高三一模语文试卷答案(一)
上海市2013年各区高三一模语文试卷答案(一)闵行区一模答案一阅读一、(16分)1.(1分)陈滥(写错一字不得分)2.(2分)⑴、⑵,⑶,⑷?3.(2分)人类灭亡(或人类倒退回野蛮原始的时代,或摧毁人类的文明)(2分)4.(2分)B5.(4分)内涵①:无论是“雨”还是“雪”,所代表的都是公正与无私:在下雨或者下雪时,无论高低贵贱都是平等的。
内涵②:无论是“雨”还是“雪”,都涤除了人性中的污浊与黑暗:雨水有洁净的功能,雪的洁白也会让污秽在它面前无所遁形。
或“雨”和“雪”既是洁净的,又是污秽的。
(4分)(评分要点:内涵各1分,理由陈述各1分)6.(5分)提示:“雨非雨,雪非雪”,“雨”和“雪”绝对不仅仅是客观的自然现象,相反是神秘、朦胧、飘渺的,因而可以让人产生无尽的联想和丰富的意象解读。
正如白居易的“花非花、雾非雾”一样飘渺朦胧,意涵丰富。
另外,“雨”、“雪”的描写,还有推动情节发展、渲染气氛、象征等作用。
答题时注意摘取原文信息,进行充分说明。
选取其中一点进行论述即可。
要点:摘取原文中关于“雨非雨”或者“雪非雪”的信息1分;举例说明中能够扣住所筛选的信息要点进行正确的阐析3分,语言表达1分。
示例1:“雪”不仅是自然现象,同时它的“严寒与温暖,随你怎么写就怎么写”可以让我们对文学作品中的人物形象有着丰富的解读:例如《林教头风雪山神庙》中的风雪不仅有渲染气氛、推动情节发展,而且“风雪的严寒”与“陆虞侯等人的密谋陷害”相呼应,当林冲无意中听到杀人计划时,感受到的不仅仅是天气的寒冷,还有忍辱含垢、苟且偷生希望的彻底破灭,深入骨髓的寒意终于让他走上了反抗的道路。
在这里,风雪的严寒让我们对林冲的性格有了丰富的解读。
示例2:“雨水可以让大地恢复生机,让万物复苏”,人也如此,《最后一片叶子》中琼珊在疾病的困扰中丧失了生存的信念,而凄风苦雨之夜贝尔曼用生命画下的最后一片叶子让琼珊有了生存下去的热望,从一蹶不振、沮丧绝望中恢复了生机,从而走向新生。
上海市2013年各区高三一模语文试卷答案(二)
上海市2013年各区高三一模语文试卷答案(二)宝山区高三语文参考答案(一)知识产权的终结(16分)1、束缚、约束(2分)2、破坏性创新发展的三个阶段(2分)3、D(2分)4、以当年复印的高成本和低质量说明当今数字技术使侵犯知识产权成本之低。
(3分)5、A(3分)6、只要自圆其说,两种观点(包括修改知识产权条律、降低使用知识产权成本使更多受众获益等)都可以。
(4分)示例1、应该大力保护知识产权,因为:知识产权是一种法定的无形财产,不容任意侵犯;在中国等地知识产权未能真正得到保护也是法律不健全与执法不力所致,中国的发展同样包含法制建设发展的要求;知识产权可以随意获取也削弱自身创新发展动力,不利于国家科技文化长远发展;互联网也会逐渐形成保护知识产权的游戏规则,免费午餐迟早会结束。
示例2:希望知识产权终结,因为:知识产权所有者应该获取一定的收益,但是目前的知识产权的成本过于高昂,这从“破坏性创新”带来的优质低价产品和服务中即可知道;随着互联网时代的到来,人们有了更广泛的获取信息渠道,想要保护也相当困难;伟大的发明创造、优秀文化作品都是人类的共同财产,应该为更多的人所分享;知识产权是一种新的垄断,不公平的竞争往往导致国家之间、企业之间贫富差距更加悬殊,与全球一体化的趋势格格不入。
(二)听风楼记(22分)7、将“我”听到冯伯伯死讯后失去知觉的反应比作冻僵一般,又将对冯伯伯的回忆比作烤火,使自己慢慢缓过神来,形象地写出噩耗对“我”打击之重,回忆给“我”带来温暖与慰藉。
(3分)8、揭示了“此刻”在人生中普遍意义,尤其是“此刻”在社会历史特定时期的巨大推动作用,从而更好地表现冯伯伯对时间阐述的深刻性。
(3分)9、冯伯伯立足于社会人生,在行动中创造,在创造中表达自己的态度、立场,来理解社会人生。
(2分)10、C E(6分)11、文章开头不是采用一般的倒叙形式,而是由三十年前上听风楼告知惊天内幕起笔(这是两人关系发展、社会变革的重要事件),转到接到冯伯伯死讯的感受,自然引出对冯伯伯的回忆,使行文更富有变化,构思独特。
2013年各区政治一模简答题及分析说明题汇总
宝山区二.简答题(共32分)31.(1)5分【答案示例】发改委在网上公布价格信息提高了价格透明度,将有效解决经营者和消费者间价格信息不对称的问题,维护消费者的知情权;消费者可通过价格对比,买到货真价实的如意商品,得到实实在在的实惠。
(2)3分【答案示例1】提高经营管理的水平。
经营管理是社会生产的联结性要素,加强管理有利于实现各生产要素的有机结合,降低生产成本,从而降低商品价格,提高市场竞争力,扩大市场占有率。
【答案示例2】加强对员工素质的培训。
通过培训劳动者的素质提高,不仅有利于提高劳动生产率,降低商品价格;还可以提升服务的质量吸引更多的消费者。
(其他言之有理亦可)【评分量表】32.(1)6分【答案示例】①切实履行政府职能。
履行组织领导社会主义经济建设的职能,有效加强对经济的管理,实施可持续发展战略(运用经济调节、市场监管等手段,引导企业和个人减少排放),引导企业和个人保护环境、减少排放。
履行组织社会公共服务职能,切实优化环境、减少污染。
②(责任政府角度)坚持对人民负责的原则,树立求真务实的工作作风。
制定落实新标准的具体举措。
③(法治政府角度)坚持依法行政,完善相关行政法规条例和制度,加强对空气质量的管理,依法惩处违反新标准规定的行为。
④(国家机关接受人民群众的监督)自觉接受监督(建立公正透明监督机制)。
通过媒体、网络等形式向社会公开新标准的贯彻执行情况,认真听取各方意见和建议,不断提高管理空气质量的水平。
(答出3点得6分)⑤(服务政府角度) 要切实加强政府的社会管理和公共服务,要向生态建设、环境保护做政策倾斜,及时加强对环境的监测,及时公布监测数据,服务大众。
(这条可供参考)(2)2分公民角度:自觉执行国家减排战略,提倡低碳生活。
{或深入解读“标准”,树立环保意识,自觉执行国家减排战略,为落实“标准”献计献策……}(2分)33.(1)2分意识对物质具有能动作用原理或意识对物质具有反作用原理。
(答意识具有能动的认识世界不得分,意识具有能动的改造世界给1分)(2)6分【答案示例】辩证唯物主义认为,意识对物质具有能动的反作用,不同的意识对事物的发展所起的作用是不同的,正确的意识对事物发展起促进作用。
2013年北京一模五选四汇总
2013年北京一模五选四汇总大兴区:Lance Armstrong, the American cyclist, is famous for his achievements and courage in cycling. 60.________ While he was still a middle school student, Lance often rode his bike over 320km in one day. By 1996, he was one of the top cyclists in the world. 61.________ Later that year, a serious disease made him stop riding. Doctors told him that he had cancer. Like the other challengers(挑战) in his life, Lance faced it head-on. In May of 1998, he began to make a comeback. He trained hard and led the American team to win the Tour de France in 1999. 62.________Lance Armstrong rode into history by winning the Tour de France for a record sixth time in 2004. 63._________ The Tour de France is the most famous bicycle race in the world. It seems impossible to beat his seven-time record. It is certain that Lance Armstrong is the greatest cyclist in the world.A. He won many prizes in cycling.B. Lance was born on September 18th, 1971.C. However, his path to succ ess wasn’t smooth.D. After that, he won the race once again in 2005.E. He went on winning the Tour de France from 2000 to 2004.朝阳区:Have you ever spent a night on a train? In the world of high speed railways and low-fare (价格低廉)airlines, traveling by night train sounds out of date. The main way of railway travel is long gone in most European countries and the United States. 60 . They are considered rather economical (节省的) ways of traveling from city to city as the fares are a lot lower than flights and traveling between cities takes many hours or even days.The first extensive (广泛的) use of sleeping cars started in the 1830s in the US. A name worth mentioning here is George Pullman, an American industrialist. In the 1860s, Pullman successfully ran his sleeping car business by offering all kinds of good services. The food provided on the comfortable Pullman trains was as delicious as the best restaurants of that time. 61 .Considering the time spent, business people may prefer to travel by plane, but modern sleeping cars provide an comfortable way of traveling. 62 . The other advantage is that sleeping cars take you directly to the big city stations, while most airports are usually located far away from the city centers. 63 .房山区:A. The Pullman trains quickly became popular as a result of his creationB. The planes are often late and uncomfortableC. But in China and India, night trains are quite commonD. So if you are not in a rush, overnight trains are a great way to get aroundE. One advantage of overnight trains is that you are getting a ni ght’s rest while travelingWe sometimes call the lion “the king of the jungle”, because it is stronger and more dangerous than other animals.60 And it can hunt the best. It is the highest animal in the land food chain.In the sea, the shark is one of the animals at the top of the food chain. It can swim faster than the most other sea animals, and it can use its big teeth to eat them.What is at the top of the world’s food chain? People are! We are not the biggest or fastest. But we are the cleverest. We could not run faster than cheetahs, so we invented cars and now we can move the fastest. We could not fight better than lions, 61 Now we can hunt the best.People’s inventions are clever, 62 For example, people invented factories, and now they make the air and rivers dirty. This can make terrible changes. Dirty rivers kill fish. then bears cannot eat the fish and the bears die. If we kill one part of the food chain, other parts also die. Remember that we are a part of the food chain, so we are in danger too! 63 ! We should and we could do something for the world!A. If we protect animals, we are protecting ourselves!B. We should make friends with animals.C. But they can be dangerous, too.D. So we invented guns.E. The lion can run faster than many animals.丰台区:Earth Hour started in Sydney on March 31st , 2007. It calls on families and buildings toturn off the lights from 20:30 to 21:30 on the last Saturday night of March. In 2007 more than2.2 million homes and businesses turned off their lights. 60 And it was supported by 50million people from thirty-five countries. On March 28, 2010 over 2100 cities in another eightcountries took part in it. 61In 2012 in China, there were many cities taking part in this activity, especially some large cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai.... In those cities, many people turned off lights in the hour.62 In colleges some students held some activities to make all the students leave their dormitories.It was 20:30, Beijing time. In Beijing some people were taking a walk with their families or friends. 63 And in Ningbo some young people were holding a party in a park,singing and dancing. The people from the three cities felt very relaxed.Earth Hour has a variety of activities, but the final goal is the same. That is focusing on (聚焦) climate change and protecting the environment for individuals. A. Many people would feel bored without lights.B. Earth Hour came to China on that day, too.C. And without lights, they could also enjoy themselves.D. In Shanghai some people were having a nice talk with their friends.E. A year later, on March 29, 2008 Earth Hour became a global activity.海淀区:The professor always tried so hard. He had tons of brilliant ideas — but they never worked. Time after time, he would dream up an amazing idea that was sure to change the world — and then it didn’t. 60 . “A time machine!” he shouted. The professor’s dream wasn’t ju st any old time machine. 61 .But his wife wasn’t so sure about the professor’s great idea. “It’ll never work. You can’t make time,” she doubted. The professor disagreed. “ 62 . If you can make money and save money, why can’t you do the same with time?”In his workshop, the professor drew lots of plans for his new time machine. He soon lost track(轨道) of time. He created model clocks of every shape and size. 63 . Finally, he made an amazing discovery — a way to save time and give him lots of extra (额外) time. “I’ve got it!” he cried. “If I give up my time machine project, I’ll have plenty of time for other things!”A. Time is moneyB. His invention would allow people to create timeC. He tried every way he could think ofD. The professor’s idea b ecame famousE. One day, an idea hit him suddenly怀柔区:Now some women are spending a weekend at Mother’s Camp. There, husbands and children are not allowed. Why would a woman want to take a vacation without her family? 60 .At Mother’s Camp a w oman has room to herself. She can sleep, read orwatch TV, and no one will bother her. No children will ask, “ Mom, what’s for dinner?” No husband will say, “ Oh, dear, I can’t find any clean socks.” 61 .Many of them work full-time and then come home to a second job-taking care of their homes and families. These working women say one of their biggest problems is housework.62 . Many of their husbands say they want to help. But then they burn the rice or they can’t find the pans. They ask so many questions that their wives decide it is easier to do the job themselves.Some women go to Mother’s Camp just to get a break from housework. For two days they don’t cook, they don’t clean; they don’t look after their children or husbands. What do the y do? They enjoy warm , sunny weather , walking, swimming or boating in a clear blue lake and sing songs around the campfire. 63___ .They have a really wonderful vacation at Mother’s Camp.A. Some women do not like their husbands and childrenB. They relax away from homeC. Some women say they need time to be aloneD. In fact almost 50% of women in the United States work outside the homeE. In t he United States, working wives do about 75% of the housework门头沟区:Listening and speaking are very important for beginners. The children in English-speaking countries first listen to others. Then they try to imitate(模仿) and speak. We can listen to English programmes on the radio. 60 . It doesn’t matter. Just be relaxed, and try to catch e very word.61 but not a good speaker because he or she is afraid of making mistakes. You know we sometimes make mistakes when we speak Chinese. Don’t be afraid. We must be brave. 62 , you must try to speak with everyone who knows English. 63 . If there’s nobody to talk with, you can talk to yourself in English. It’s interesting and also a good way to practice your spoken English.A. Somebody may be a good listenerB. Try to speak as much as you canC. You may just understand a few wordsD. It’s important to open your mouthE. If you really want to learn English well密云区:There are many things we need to know that we do not learn at school. For example, if we want to use our money wisely, we need to shop carefully. _60 _ We need to know how to compare the prices of things in different shops. We need to be able to compare the quality of different brands(品牌).Knowing how to make such choices is a “life skill”, and we need these skills if we w ant to live useful and happy lives. _ 61_ . For example, will I take an apple for lunch or a pear? Will I go to school by bus or on foot? Will I wear the red T-shirt or the blue one to the movies? _62_ . For example, will I eat healthy food for lunch or will I eat junk food because it is tastier? Will I work hard in all my classes or will I only work hard in the classes I enjoy? _63 _ .We have realized that the choices we make can affect the rest of our lives. Our choices can also affect other people. The next time you decide to waste time in class, play a joke on someone or talk loudly at the movies, think about this: who else does your choice affect?A. Some of these choices are smallB. It’s not easy to make a choiceC. Other choices are more importantD. We make choices like these every dayE. We need to know how to make a choice when we shop通州区:Anna and Robin Strange live in England. They spend every evening and weekend for 26years covering their house in flowers.The couple plant the flowers inside a greenhouse first.60 .How do they get this idea? Mrs. Strange said one day when they were in York, they saw lots of beautiful hanging baskets of flowers. 61 . They have been planting more and more flowers ever since, and their house is covered by beautiful flowers now.People who pass their house enjoy looking at it. They think it is great. 62 . One woman sends them a gift everyChristmas to show her love for their flower house.Mr. Strange, 65, spends every weekend and evening seeing to the garden. The couple spend lots of money every year on plants. 63 . They are both very pleased with what they have created!西城区:The story of quinine (奎宁) Have yo u ever heard of quinine? It is one of many famous medicines discovered in the Amazonrainforest._____60____.Quinine is used to cure malaria, a very dangerous 'disease' that is spread by mosquitoes. It is made from the bark (树皮) of the Chinchona tree. The tree is named after the Countess of Chinchona from Peru. In 1630 she was very sick with malaria and had a high fever. _____61____. .People in Europe heard about this medicine and then came to the rainforest to collect the plant. It was first calledquinine in 1820 by two French scientists, Mr. Pelletier and Mr. Caventou. _____62____ .For almost three hundred years quinine was used to cure malaria as well as many other dangerous illnesses. In 1944scientists made the first artificial (人造)quinine. _____63____ because many kinds of malaria cannot be cured using modern drugs anymo re.So remember, we must protect our rainforests because maybe other important medicines will be found.燕山区:Have you ever noticed the black and white bars on a book? Do you know what they are used for?They are barcodes used in most products. If you go to a supermarket, you can see almost every product with a barcode on it. 60 , such as name and production date. It’s an easy andA. But they think it is worth itB. Then they put them outside in JuneC. People send cards and gifts to the coupleD. Mr. Strange sells the flowers in the marketE. They decided to have their own flower houseconvenient way to keep track of the products. 61 .The first use of a barcode in a supermarket checkout system was on a pack of American Wrigley Company chewing gum in 1974. Besides supermarkets, barcodes are needed everywhere: For renting cars, for luggage checks on a plane, for parcels (包裹) you send. People can enter stadiums, cinemas and theaters by holding certain types of barcodes. 62 .If you find these barcode things boring, a barcode building might be more up your street. In St Petersburg, Russia, there is a building designed like a barcode. It looks stra nge, but it’s actually a shopping mall. There are games too. Barcode Monsters is a mobile phone game. 63 .A. You have to scan barcodes and find the monstersB. Just scan the bars with a barcode reader and everything is clearC. You can buy an iPhone to play the gameD. Life would be rather difficult without barcodesE. Barcodes contain information about the products顺义区:Solar power (太阳能) is clean and environmentally-friendly, and it’ll never be used up. It offers a good way to collect the energy from the sunlight and change it into electricity. 60 . At the same time, you can do something very helpful for the environment.61 . Here is a special house. The sun gives it power. It’s a solar house!The walls of the house are made of glass on which you can feel the heat of the sun. It makes the house warm. Inside the house there is a kitchen. Panels (控制板) on the roof of the kitchen catch the sunlight. 62 , because its power comes from the sun. There is also a lovely bathroom in the house and the sun will give heat to its water pipes on the roof. Solar power is very popular now.63 It has been used to power some cars and boats. Swiss engineers have come up with a car that uses both electricity and solar power to successfully travel on roads.A. The kitchen is specialB. It’s for not only homes but also businessesC. Using solar power, you don’t need to pay for expensive electricityD. People have been using solar energy for hundreds of yearsE. Solar power also can offer you a way to heat your home in the colder part of the year石景山区:When I was a kid, I wanted to be a pop star. 60. __________. You get to sing and dance and make moves. People are willing to pay you money and, of course,many fans love you. However, what could be the problems of a pop star?61. __________. And one of the biggest problems is “crazy” fans who love their idols(偶像)too much. Andy Lau, the Hong Kong superstar, experienced that last year. A fan was so crazy about Andy that she persuaded her parents to spend all of their money and travel to Hong Kong to meet him. Andy is a nice man so he met the girl and talk ed with her for a few minutes.62. __________. The family used up their savings and had no money to return home. In despair(绝望), the father even jumped into the sea. It’s a very sad story and it shows what can happen to pop stars.We like famous persons, and we enjoy listening to them. Sometimes we think we know them as much as our closest friends. But pop stars have their own personal lives. They have their own families and friends. 63. __________, just appreciate the joy, the happiness and the entertainment that your favorite pop star brings you.A. So, don’t be a “crazy” fanB. Pop stars are too busy to meet youC. Well, clearly, there are a lot of problemsD. It seems like the coolest jobs in the worldE. That should be the end of the story but it wasn’t昌平区:Today, roller skating is easy and fun.60 .Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. It was changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin’s work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked to play the violin. Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. 61 .One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball(化装舞会). He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.62 . Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. 63 . Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time!A. People called him a dreamerB. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wallC. But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at allD. Merlin tried different ways to make himself rollE. Luckily, Merlin introduced him well with his music东城区:It takes a special potato to make great potato chips. That’s one thing America’s top cooks agree on. These cooks know that there are many kinds of potatoes, and each kind is good for a certain purpose. Red brown potatoes, for example, are great for frying in the oil. Red potatoes are best when boiled in the water. 60 .The cooks also agree that potatoes can help your body keep healthy. Potatoes have many good things inside, like protein and vitamins. A single potato provides 50% of the daily requirement for vitamin C. In fact, potatoes, like lemons, were once very important to sailors. Vitamin C prevents scurvy (坏血病). Sailors got sick when spending a long time on the sea. 61 . It helped them avoid getting the disease.To make full use of potatoes, listen to the cooks. 62 . Vitamins are lost when the skin of potatoes is taken off before cooking.One thing the cooks can’t agree on is where the best potatoes are grown. Some say Washin gton. 63 . One thinks that it is Wisconsin.A. Eating potatoes was good for themB. It’s good for our health to eat potatoesC. Others say the best potatoes are in IdahoD. White potatoes are tastiest in potato saladE. They say to cook potatoes with the skin on答案:大兴区:60. B 61. C 62. E 63. D朝阳区:60. C 61. A 62. E 63. D房山区:EDCA丰台区:60. E 61. B 62. C 63. D海淀区:60. E 61.B 62. A 63. C怀柔区:60. C 61. D 62. E 63. B门头沟区:60. C 61. A 62. E 63. D密云区:60-63 EACD通州区:BECA西城区:60.A 61.B 62.E 63.C燕山区:60. E 61. B 62. D 63. A顺义区:60-63 CEAB石景山区:60. D 61. C 62. E 63. A昌平区:60-63 CADB东城区:DAEC。
2013北京中考英语一模5选4---还原句子(含答案)
2013英语各区一模_还原句子七、阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有一项为多余选项。
(共8分,每小题2分)海淀The professor always tried so hard. He had tons of brilliant ideas —but they never worked. Time after time, he would dream up an amazing idea that was sure to change the world —and then it didn’t. 60 . “A time machine!” he shouted. T he professor’s dream wasn’t just any old time machine. 61 .But his wife wasn’t so sure about the professor’s great idea. “It’ll never work. Y ou can’t make time,” she doubted. The professor d isagreed. “ 62 . If you can make money and save money, why can’t you do the same with time?”In his workshop, the professor drew lots of plans for his new time machine. He soon lost track(轨道) of time. He created model clocks of every shape and size. 63 . Finally, he made an amazing discovery — a way to save time and give him lots of extra(额外)time. “I’ve got it!” he cried. “If I give up my time machine project, I’ll have plenty of ti me for other things!”A. Time is moneyB. His invention would allow people to create timeC. He tried every way he could think ofD. The professor’s idea became famousE. One day, an idea hit him suddenly西城:The story of quinine(奎宁)Have yo u ever heard of quinine? It is one of many famous medicines discovered in the Amazon rainforest._____60____.Quinine is used to cure malaria, a very dangerous 'disease' that is spread by mosquitoes. It is made from the bark(树皮) of the Chinchona tree. The tree is named after the Countess of Chinchona from Peru. In 1630 she was very sick with malaria and had a high fever. _____61____. .People in Europe heard about this medicine and then came to the rainforest to collect the plant. It was first called quinine in 1820 by two French scientists, Mr. Pelletier and Mr. Caventou. _____62____ .For almost three hundred years quinine was used to cure malaria as well as many other dangerous illnesses. In 1944 scientists made the first artificial(人造)quinine. _____63____ because many kinds of malaria cannot be cured using modern drugs anymore.So remember, we must protect our rainforests because maybe other important medicines will be found.东城:It takes a special potato to make great potato chips. That’s one thing America’s top cooks agree on. These cooks know that there are many kinds of potatoes, and each kind is good for a certain purpose. Red brown potatoes, for example, are great for frying in the oil. Red potatoes are best when boiled in the water. 60 .The cooks also agree that potatoes can help your body keep healthy. Potatoes have many good things inside, like protein and vitamins. A single potato provides 50% of the daily requirement for vitamin C. In fact, potatoes, like lemons, were once very important to sailors. Vitamin C prevents scurvy (坏血病). Sailors got sick when spending a long time on the sea.__61 . It helped them avoid getting the disease.To make full use of potatoes, listen to the cooks. __ 62 . Vitamins are lost when the skin of potatoes is taken off before cooking.One thing the cooks can’t agree on is where the best potatoes are grown. Some say Washington. __63 . One thinks that it is Wisconsin.A. Eating potatoes was good for themB. It’s good for our h ealth to eat potatoesC. Others say the best potatoes are in IdahoD. White potatoes are tastiest in potato saladE. They say to cook potatoes with the skin on朝阳:Have you ever spent a night on a train? In the world of high speed railways and low-fare (价格低廉)airlines, traveling by night train sounds out of date. The main way of railway travel is long gone in most European countries and the United States. 60 . They are considered rather economical (节省的) ways of traveling from city to city as the fares are a lot lower than flights and traveling between cities takes many hours or even days.The first extensive (广泛的) use of sleeping cars started in the 1830s in the US. A name worth mentioning here is George Pullman, an Americanindustrialist. In the 1860s, Pullman successfully ran his sleeping car business by offering all kinds of good services. The food provided on the comfortable Pullman trains was as delicious as the best restaurants of that time. 61 .Considering the time spent, business people may prefer to travel by plane, but modern sleeping cars provide an comfortable way of traveling.62 . The other advantage is that sleeping cars take you directly to the big city stations, while most airports are usually located far away from the city centers. 63 .A. The Pullman trains quickly became popular as a result of his creationB. The planes are often late and uncomfortableC. But in China and India, night trains are quite commonD. So if you are not in a rush, overnight trains are a great way to get aroundE. One advantage of overnight trains is that you are getting a night’s rest while traveling石景山When I was a kid, I wanted to be a pop star. 60. _____. You get to sing and dance and make moves. People are willing to pay you money and, of course,many fans love you. However, what could be the problems of a pop star?61. _______. And one of the biggest problems is “crazy”fans who love their idols(偶像) too much. Andy Lau, the Hong Kong superstar, experienced that last year. A fan was so crazy about Andy that she persuaded her parents to spend all of their money and travel to Hong Kong to meet him. Andy isa nice man so he met the girl and talked with her for a few minutes.62. _______. The family used up their savings and had no money to return home. In despair(绝望), the father even jumped into the sea. It’s a very sad story and it shows what can happen to pop stars.We like famous persons, and we enjoy listening to them. Sometimes we think we know them as much as our closest friends. But pop stars have their own personal lives. They have their own families and friends. 63. __________, just appreciate the joy, the happiness and the entertainment that your favorite pop star brings you.A. So, don’t be a “crazy” fanB. Pop stars are too busy to meet youC. Well, clearly, there are a lot of problemsD. It seems like the coolest jobs in the worldE. That should be the end of the story but it wasn’t丰台:Earth Hour started in Sydney on March 31st, 2007. Array It calls on families and buildings to turn off the lightsfrom 20:30 to 21:30 on the last Saturday night of March.In 2007 more than 2.2 million homes and businesses turnedoff their lights. 60 And it was supported by 50 million people from thirty-five countries. On March 28, 2010 over 2100 cities in another eight countries took part in it. 61In 2012 in China, there were many cities taking part in this activity, especially some largecities, such as Beijing, Shanghai.... In those cities, many people turned off lights in the hour. 62 In colleges some students held some activities to make all the students leave their dormitories.It was 20:30, Beijing time. In Beijing some people were taking a walk with theirfamilies or friends. 63 And in Ningbo some young people were holding a party in a park,singing and dancing. The people from the three cities felt very relaxed.Earth Hour has a variety of activities, but the final goal is the same. That is focusing on (聚焦) climate change and protecting the environment for individuals.A. Many people would feel bored without lights.B. Earth Hour came to China on that day, too.C. And without lights, they could also enjoy themselves.D. In Shanghai some people were having a nice talk with their friends.E. A year later, on March 29, 2008 Earth Hour became a global activity.海淀: 60. E 61.B 62. A 63. C西城: 60.A 61.B 62.E 63.C东城:60.D 61. A 62. E 63. C朝阳:60. C 61. A 62. E 63. D石景山60. D 61. C 62. E 63. A丰台:60. E 61. B 62. C 63. D。
2013年北京各区一模 精校版
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21. (18 分) (1)某同学在“用单摆测定重力加速度”的实验中,需要用秒表 测出单摆振动 n 次所需要的时间。在某次实验中,当摆球通过最 低点开始计时,同时计数为“0” ,下次摆球回到最低点时计数为 “1” ,当计数到“100”时停止计时,此时秒表记录的时间如图 7 所示,由图可读出时间为 s,可知单摆的振动周期为____s。 (2)某同学欲采用下列器材研究一个额定电压为 2.5V 的小灯泡的 伏安特性曲线。 A.直流电源(3V,内阻不计) ; B.电流表(0~3A,内阻约 0.03Ω ) ; C.电流表(0~0.6A,内阻约 0.13Ω ) ; D.电压表(0~3V,内阻约 3kΩ ) ; E.电压表(0~15V,内阻约 15kΩ ) ; F.滑动变阻器(0~20Ω ,额定电流 2A) ; G.滑动变阻器(0~1000Ω ,额定电流 0.5A) ; H.开关、导线等。 ①为减小测量误差,电压表应选用 ,滑动变阻器应选用 。 (选填序号) ②该同学选择电流表外接,且要求小灯泡两端电压变化范围尽量大些。 请在图 8 虚线框中画出正确的实验电路图。 ③闭合开关,逐次改变滑动变阻器滑片的位置,在下表中记录与之对应的 电流表的示数 I、电压表的示数 U。其中某组电流表、电压表的示数如图 9 所示。请把图 9 中电流表、电压表示数填入表中的空格处。
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北京市西城区2013一摸文科数学习题和答案
北京市西城区2013年高三一模试卷高三数学(理科) 2013.4一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项. 1.已知全集U=R ,集合{|02}A x x =<<,2{|10}B x x =->,那么U AB =ð(A ){|01}x x <<(B ){|01}x x <≤ (C ){|12}x x << (D ){|12}x x ≤<2.若复数i2ia +的实部与虚部相等,则实数a = (A )1- (B )1(C )2-(D )23.执行如图所示的程序框图.若输出y =角=θ(A )π6 (B )π6-(C )π3(D )π3-4.从甲、乙等5名志愿者中选出4名,分别从事A ,B ,C ,D 四项不同的工作,每人承担一项.若甲、乙二人均不能从事A 工作,则不同的工作分配方案共有(A )60种 (B )72种(C )84种(D )96种5.某正三棱柱的三视图如图所示,其中正(主)视图是边长为2的正方形,该正三棱柱的表面积是 (A)6 (B)12+(C)12+ (D)24+6.等比数列{}n a 中,10a >,则“13a a <”是“36a a <”的(A )充分而不必要条件 (B )必要而不充分条件 (C )充分必要条件 (D )既不充分也不必要条件7.已知函数22()log 2log ()f x x x c =-+,其中0c >.若对于任意的(0,)x ∈+∞,都有()1f x ≤,则c 的取值范围是 (A )1(0,]4(B )1[,)4+∞ (C )1(0,]8(D )1[,)8+∞8.如图,正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,P 为底面ABCD上的动点,1PE A C ⊥于E ,且PA PE =,则点P 的轨迹是 (A )线段 (B )圆弧(C )椭圆的一部分(D )抛物线的一部分第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共110分)二、填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.9.已知曲线C 的参数方程为2cos 12sin x y =⎧⎨=+⎩αα(α为参数),则曲线C 的直角坐标方程为 .10.设等差数列{}n a 的公差不为0,其前n 项和是n S .若23S S =,0k S =,则k =______.11.如图,正六边形ABCDEF 的边长为1,则AC DB ⋅=______. 12.如图,已知AB 是圆O 的直径,P 在AB 的延长线上,PC切圆O 于点C ,CD OP ⊥于D .若6CD =,10CP =, 则圆O 的半径长为______;BP =______. 13.在直角坐标系xOy 中,点B 与点(1,0)A -关于原点O 对称.点00(,)P x y 在抛物线24y x =上,且直线AP 与BP 的斜率之积等于2,则0x =______.14.记实数12,,,n x x x 中的最大数为12max{,,,}n x x x ,最小数为12min{,,,}n x x x .设△ABC的三边边长分别为,,a b c ,且a b c ≤≤,定义△ABC 的倾斜度为max{,,}min{,a b c at b c a b=⋅,}b cc a. (ⅰ)若△ABC 为等腰三角形,则t =______;(ⅱ)设1a =,则t 的取值范围是______.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共80分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 15.(本小题满分13分)已知函数()sin cos f x x a x =-的一个零点是π4. (Ⅰ)求实数a 的值;(Ⅱ)设()()()cos g x f x f x x x =⋅-+,求()g x 的单调递增区间.16.(本小题满分13分)某班有甲、乙两个学习小组,两组的人数如下:现采用分层抽样的方法(层内采用简单随机抽样)从甲、乙两组中共抽取3名同学进行学业检测. (Ⅰ)求从甲组抽取的同学中恰有1名女同学的概率; (Ⅱ)记X 为抽取的3名同学中男同学的人数,求随机变量X的分布列和数学期望.17.(本小题满分14分)在如图所示的几何体中,面CDEF 为正方形,面ABCD 为等腰梯形,AB //CD ,BC AB 2=,60ABC ︒∠=,AC FB ⊥.(Ⅰ)求证:⊥AC 平面FBC ;(Ⅱ)求BC 与平面EAC 所成角的正弦值;(Ⅲ)线段ED 上是否存在点Q ,使平面EAC ⊥平面QBC ? 证明你的结论.18.(本小题满分13分)已知函数()ln f x ax x =-,()e 3axg x x =+,其中a ∈R .(Ⅰ)求)(x f 的极值;(Ⅱ)若存在区间M ,使)(x f 和()g x 在区间M 上具有相同的单调性,求a 的取值范围.19.(本小题满分14分)如图,椭圆22221(0)x y a b a b+=>>的左焦点为F ,过点F 的直线交椭圆于A ,B 两点.当直线AB 经过椭圆的一个顶点时,其倾斜角恰为60︒.(Ⅰ)求该椭圆的离心率; (Ⅱ)设线段AB 的中点为G ,AB 的中垂线与x 轴和y 轴分别交于,D E 两点.记△GFD 的面积为1S ,△OED (O 为原点)的面积为2S ,求12S S 的取值范围.20.(本小题满分13分)已知集合*12{|(,,,),,1,2,,}(2)n n i S X X x x x x i n n ==∈=≥N .对于12(,,,)n A a a a =,12(,,,)n nB b b b S =∈,定义1122(,,,)nnAB b a b a b a =---; 1212(,,,)(,,,)()n n a a a a a a =∈R λλλλλ;A 与B 之间的距离为1(,)||ni i i d A B a b ==-∑.(Ⅰ)当5n =时,设5(1,2,1,2,)A a =,(2,4,2,1,3)B =.若(,)7d A B =,求5a ;(Ⅱ)(ⅰ)证明:若,,n A B C S ∈,且0∃>λ,使A B B C λ=,则(,)(,)(d A B d B C d A C+=; (ⅱ)设,,n A B C S ∈,且(,)(,)(,d A B d B C d A C +=.是否一定0∃>λ,使A B B C λ=?说明理由;(Ⅲ)记(1,1,,1)n I S =∈.若A ,n B S ∈,且(,)(,)d I A d I B p ==,求(,)d A B 的最大值.北京市西城区2013年高三一模试卷高三数学(理科)参考答案及评分标准2013.4一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.1. B ; 2.A ; 3.D ; 4.B ; 5.C ; 6.B ; 7.D ; 8.A .二、填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.9.22230xy y +--=; 10.5; 11.32-12.152,5; 13.1+ 14.1,. 注:12、14题第一问2分,第二问3分.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共80分.若考生的解法与本解答不同,正确者可参照评分标准给分. 15.(本小题满分13分) (Ⅰ)解:依题意,得π()04f =, ………………1分 即ππsincos 04422a -=-=, ………………3分 解得1a =. ………………5分(Ⅱ)解:由(Ⅰ)得()sin cos f x x x =-. ………………6分()()()cos g x f x f x x x =⋅-+(sin cos )(sin cos )2x x x x x =--- (7)分22(cos sin )2x x x =-+ ………………8分cos 22x x =+ ………………9分π2sin(2)6x =+. ………………10分由 πππ2π22π262k x k -≤+≤+,得 ππππ36k x k -≤≤+,k ∈Z . ………………12分所以 ()g x 的单调递增区间为ππ[π,π]36k k -+,k ∈Z . ………………13分16.(本小题满分13分)(Ⅰ)解:依题意,甲、乙两组的学生人数之比为 (35):(22)2:1++=, ……………1分所以,从甲组抽取的学生人数为2323⨯=;从乙组抽取的学生人数为1313⨯=.………2分 设“从甲组抽取的同学中恰有1名女同学”为事件A , ………………3分则 113528C C 15()C 28P A ⋅==,故从甲组抽取的同学中恰有1名女同学的概率为1528. ………………5分 (Ⅱ)解:随机变量X 的所有取值为0,1,2,3. ………………6分21522184C C 5(0)C C 28P X ⋅===⋅, 111213525221218484C C C C C 25(1)C C C C 56P X ⋅⋅⋅==+=⋅⋅, 211113235221218484C C C C C 9(2)C C C C 28P X ⋅⋅⋅==+=⋅⋅, 21322184C C 3(3)C C 56P X ⋅===⋅.……………10分所以,随机变量X的分布列为:………………11分5259350123285628564EX =⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=. ………………13分17.(本小题满分14分) (Ⅰ)证明:因为BC AB 2=,60ABC ︒∠=,在△ABC 中,由余弦定理可得 BC AC 3=, 所以BC AC ⊥. ………………2分 又因为 AC FB ⊥,所以⊥AC 平面FBC . ………………4分(Ⅱ)解:因为⊥AC 平面FBC ,所以FC AC ⊥.因为FC CD⊥,所以⊥FC 平面ABCD. ………………5分所以,,CA CF CB 两两互相垂直,如图建立的空间直角坐标系xyz C -. (6)分在等腰梯形ABCD 中,可得 CB CD =.设1BC =,所以11(0,0,0),(0,1,0),(,,0),(,,1)2222C A BDE --.所以)1,21,23(-=,)0,0,3(=,)0,1,0(=. 设平面EAC 的法向量为=()x,y,z n ,则有0,0.CE CA ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩n n所以10,20.x y z -+=⎨= 取1z =,得=n (0,2,1). ………………8分 设BC 与平面EAC 所成的角为θ,则||sin |cos ,|5||||CB CB CB ⋅=〈〉==θn n n , 所以BC 与平面EAC 所成角的正弦值为552. ………………9分(Ⅲ)解:线段ED 上不存在点Q ,使平面EAC ⊥平面QBC .证明如下: ………………10分假设线段ED 上存在点Q ,设 ),21,23(t Q - )10(≤≤t ,所以),21,23(t -=. 设平面QBC 的法向量为=m ),,(c b a ,则有0,0.CB CQ ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩m m所以0,10.22b a b tc =⎧-+=⎪⎩ 取 1=c ,得=m )1,0,32(t -. ………………12分 要使平面EAC ⊥平面QBC ,只需0=⋅n m ,………………13分即 002110⨯+⨯+⨯=, 此方程无解. 所以线段ED 上不存在点Q ,使平面EAC ⊥平面QBC . ………………14分18.(本小题满分13分) (Ⅰ)解:()f x 的定义域为(0,)+∞, ………………1分且11()ax f x a x x -'=-=. ………………2分 ① 当0a ≤时,()0f x '<,故()f x 在(0,)+∞上单调递减.从而)(x f 没有极大值,也没有极小值. ………………3分② 当0a >时,令()0f x '=,得1x a=. ()f x 和()f x '的情况如下:故()f x 的单调减区间为(0,)a ;单调增区间为(,)a +∞.从而)(x f 的极小值为1()1ln f a a=+;没有极大值. ………………5分(Ⅱ)解:()g x 的定义域为R ,且 ()e 3ax g x a '=+. ………………6分③ 当0a>时,显然 ()0g x '>,从而()g x 在R 上单调递增.由(Ⅰ)得,此时()f x 在1(,)a+∞上单调递增,符合题意. ………………8分④ 当0a=时,()g x 在R 上单调递增,()f x 在(0,)+∞上单调递减,不合题意.……9分⑤ 当0a <时,令()0g x '=,得013ln()x a a=-. ()g x 和()g x '的情况如下表:当30a -≤<时,00x ≤,此时()g x 在0(,)x +∞上单调递增,由于()f x 在(0,)+∞上单调递减,不合题意. ………………11分当3a <-时,00x >,此时()g x 在0(,)x -∞上单调递减,由于()f x 在(0,)+∞上单调递减,符合题意.综上,a 的取值范围是(,3)(0,)-∞-+∞. ………………13分19.(本小题满分14分) (Ⅰ)解:依题意,当直线AB 经过椭圆的顶点(0,)b 时,其倾斜角为60︒. ………………1分设(,0)F c -,则tan 60bc︒== ………………2分 将b = 代入 222a bc =+,解得2a c =. ………………3分所以椭圆的离心率为12c e a ==. ………………4分 (Ⅱ)解:由(Ⅰ),椭圆的方程可设为2222143x y c c +=. ………………5分 设11(,)A x y ,22(,)B x y .依题意,直线AB 不能与,x y 轴垂直,故设直线AB 的方程为()y k x c =+,将其代入2223412x y c +=,整理得 222222(43)84120k x ck x k c c +++-=. (7)分则2122843ck x x k -+=+,121226(2)43cky y k x x c k +=++=+,22243(,)4343ck ck G k k -++. ………………8分 因为GD AB ⊥,所以2223431443Dckk k ck x k +⨯=---+,2243Dck x k -=+. ………………9分因为 △GFD ∽△OED ,所以2222222212222243()()||434343||()43ck ck ck S GD k k k ck S OD k ---++++==-+ (11)分222242222242(3)(3)99999()ck ck c k c k ck c k k++===+>. ………………13分所以12S S 的取值范围是(9,)+∞. ………………14分20.(本小题满分13分)(Ⅰ)解:当5n =时,由51(,)||7i i i d A B a b ==-=∑,得 5|12||24||12||21||3|7a -+-+-+-+-=,即 5|3|2a -=.由*5a ∈N ,得 51a =,或55a =. ………………3分(Ⅱ)(ⅰ)证明:设12(,,,)n A a a a =,12(,,,)n B b b b =,12(,,,)n C c c c =.因为 0∃>λ,使 AB BC λ=,所以 0∃>λ,使得 11221122(,,)((,,)n n n n b a b a b a c b c b c b ---=---λ,,,即0∃>λ,使得 ()i i i i b a c b λ-=-,其中1,2,,i n =.所以i i b a -与(1,2,,)i i c b i n -=同为非负数或同为负数. ………………5分所以 11(,)(,)||||nni i i i i i d A B d B C a b b c ==+=-+-∑∑1(||||)ni i i i i b a c b ==-+-∑1||(,)ni i i c a d A C ==-=∑. (6)分(ⅱ)解:设,,n A B C S ∈,且(,)(,)(,)d A B d B C d A C +=,此时不一定0∃>λ,使得AB BC λ=. ………………7分反例如下:取(1,1,1,,1)A =,(1,2,1,1,,1)B =,(2,2,2,1,1,,1)C ,则(,)1d A B =,(,)2d B C =,(,)3d A C =,显然(,)(,)(,)d A B d B C d A C +=. 因为(0,1,0,0,,0)AB =,(1,0,1,0,0,,0)BC =,所以不存在>0λ,使得AB BC λ=. ………………8分 (Ⅲ)解法一:因为1(,)||ni i i d A B b a ==-∑,设(1,2,,)ii b a i n -=中有()m m n ≤项为非负数,n m -项为负数.不妨设1,2,,i m=时0ii b a -≥;1,2,,i m m n =++时,0i i b a -<.所以 1(,)||ni i i d A B b a ==-∑12121212[()()][()()]m m m m n m m n b b b a a a a a a b b b ++++=+++-+++++++-+++因为 (,)(,)d I A d I B p ==,所以11(1)(1)nniii i a b ==-=-∑∑, 整理得 11nniii i a b ===∑∑.所以 12121(,)||2[()]ni i m m i d A B b a b b b a a a ==-=+++-+++∑. (10)分因为 121212()()m n m m n b b b b b b b b b +++++=+++-+++()()1p n n m p m ≤+--⨯=+;又 121m a a a m m +++≥⨯=, 所以 1212(,)2[()]m m d A B b b b a a a =+++-+++2[()]2p m m p ≤+-=.即 (,)2d A B p ≤. ……………12分 对于(1,1,,1,1)A p =+,(1,1,1,,1)B p =+,有A,nB S ∈,且(,)(,)d I A d I B p==,(,)2d A B p =.综上,(,)d A B 的最大值为2p . ……………13分 解法二:首先证明如下引理:设,x y ∈R ,则有 ||||||x y x y +≤+.证明:因为 ||||x x x -≤≤,||||y y y -≤≤,所以 (||||)||||x y x y x y -+≤+≤+,即||||||x y x y +≤+.所以 11(,)|||(1)(1)|n ni i i i i i d A B b a b a ===-=-+-∑∑1(|1||1|)ni i i b a =≤-+-∑11|1||1|2n ni i i i a b p ===-+-=∑∑. (11)分上式等号成立的条件为1ia =,或1ib =,所以 (,)2d A B p ≤. ……………12分对于(1,1,,1,1)A p =+,(1,1,1,,1)B p =+,有A,nB S ∈,且(,)(,)d I A d I B p==,(,)2.d A B pd A B的最大值为2p.……………13分综上,(,)。
2013年北京市西城区中考物理一模试题及答案
2013年北京市西城区中考物理一模试题及答案北京市西城区2013年初三一模试题物理2013.5 一、单项选择题(下列各小题均有四个选项,其中只有一个选项符合题意。
共28分,每小题2分)1.在以下四位物理学家中,以其名字命名电阻的单位的是A.安培 B.焦耳C.欧姆D.伏特2.通常情况下,下列物品中属于导体的是A.陶瓷碗B.食用油C.橡胶手套D.不锈钢勺3.以下四种现象中,属于光的折射现象的是A.人站在阳光下,地面上出现人影B.从不同方向能看到黑板上的文字C.用放大镜观察到邮票的图案被放大D.水面上出现岸边青山的“倒影”4.下列用电器中,主要利用电流热效应工作的是A.平板电脑B.电饭锅C.电视机D.电风扇5.下列四个实例中,目的是为了增大摩擦的是A.给门轴加润滑油B.磁悬浮列车悬浮行驶C.行李箱下装有滚轮D.骑自行车的人刹车时用力捏闸6.下列物态变化的实例中,属于汽化的是A.深秋草叶上结出“白霜”B.洗过的湿衣服被晾干C.水沸腾时壶口冒“白气”D.衣柜中的樟脑球变小7.在图1所示的四种用具中,正常使用时属于省力杠杆的是8.关于安全用电,下列说法正确的是A.使用试电笔,手应触碰笔尾金属体B.有人触电时,用手把触电人拉开C.空气开关跳闸,说明电路中出现短路 D.在家庭电路中,冰箱和电视是串联灯大B .①③为电流表,②为电压表,甲灯的功率比乙灯小C .①②为电压表,③为电流表,乙灯的功率比甲灯小D .①③为电压表,②为电流表,乙灯的功率比甲灯大 14.水平桌面上有甲、乙两个相同的圆柱形容器,分别装有水和酒精。
有两个重分别为G A 、G B 的实心长方体A 、B ,它们的底面积均为S ,高度比为2∶3,密度比为2∶1。
如图4所示,将A 、B 两物体分别用细线悬挂并浸在甲、乙两容器的液体中。
两物体静止时,甲、乙两容器底部所受液体的压强相等,且物体A 、B 的下底面距容器底的距离分别为h 1和h 2,物体A 、B 底部受液体的压强分别为p A 和p B ,两物体所受液体的浮力分别为F A 和F B ,细线对A 、B 的拉力分别为T A 和T B 。
13房山一模试题及答案.doc
房山区2013年初三毕业会考试卷语文一、选择。
下面各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个符合题意,选出答案后在答题卡上用铅笔把对应题目的选项字母涂黑涂满。
(共12分。
每小题2分)1.下列词语屮加点字的读音完全止确的一项是A.庇护(pi)怠慢(dai)茅舉顿开(se)B.熔耀(xuan)惬意(qie)既往不筝(jiu)C.负尊(zai)脊梁(ji)耳渍目染(ru)D.翘首(qiao)胆怯(que)重蹈覆辙(zhe)2.根据语境和所给字义,在下列句子横线处选填汉字,有误的一项是A.人生的终极点只有一个,然而起点却有许多。
运动场上的起点是明显的,生活中的起点往往较为隐—(弊蔽)“弊”指“蒙混骗人的行为”,“蔽”指“遮盖、隐瞒”,横线处应填“蔽”。
B.1月31日,在普里兹湾海域,科考队员向海中投放抓取海底沉积物的箱式取样器,这标志着我国第29 次南极科考队开始展开大洋考—(查察)。
“查”有“检查”的意思,“察”有“仔细看”的意思,横线处应填“察”。
C.来到路上,前面的景色豁然开朗,内卡河、古城、老桥、王宫城堡尽收眼底,一幅秀丽的鸟瞰图令人心旷神—(怡贻)。
“怡”有“和悦快乐”的意思,“贻”有“遗留”的意思,横线处应填“怡”。
D.这幢楼既富于民族传统特色,又和周围环境浑然一体,设计者真是别—(具俱)匠心。
“具”有“具有”的意思,“俱”有“全、都”的意思,横线处应填“俱”。
3.下列句子中加点成语或俗语使用有误的一项是A.故宫博物院的珍宝馆里陈列着各种奇珍异宝、古玩文物,令人目不暇援。
B.弘扬优秀民族文化,必须和剔除、针眨传统文化的糟粕同时进行,不能厚地尊很。
C.出身阎派书画世家的阎志华,才华出众,琴棋书画、诗词歌赋样样皆佳,是摄影、文物鉴定的高手,可谓已成为阎派书画的新掌门人。
D.于里乙堤,漳于蚁处,公司倒闭往往是因为在管理中对各种小问题疏忽大意。
4.根据文段内容,对下面两个画线病句的修改都正确的一项是去年10月,有多家媒体相继就“中国式过马路”进行了报道。
2013年山东9地市高三一模试题答案
滨州一模答案济宁一模高三第一阶段复习摸底考试 理综物理试题答案及评分标准二、全题共35分,每小题5分。
每小题全选对的给5分,选对但不全的给3分,有选错的或不答的给0分。
14.BC 15.CD 16.D 17.AC 18.ACD 19.BD 20.CD 21.(13分)⑴ ①3.20 (1分)② 2.78(2 分) 2.94(2分)⑵ ① 20.00(1分) 2.80(1分) 5.45(2分)② 2.9(2分) 0.26(2分) 22.(15分)解:(1)对M :1Ma mg F =-μ……………(1分) 解得a 1=10 m/s 2设装置运动的时间为t 1,由 0110=-t a v ……(1分) 解得t 1=1s ………(1分) 装置向左运动的距离211121t a x ==5m …………(2分) (2)对m :2ma mg =μ……(1分) 解得a 2=5m/s 2设滑块到A 点的速度为v 1,则1201t a v v -=…(1分) 解得v 1=5m/s小滑块向左运动距离21210221t a t v x -==7.5m (1分) 则木板长为=-=12x x l 2.5m (1分)(3)设滑块在B 点的速度为v 2,从A 至B :212221212mv mv W R mg f -=-⨯-(2分)1分)联立解得:m 4.0=R m /s 22=v1分) 落点离A 的距离:22t v x =…(1分)解得:m 8.0=x ………………(1分) 23.(18分)1分)1分)1分)位置坐标为:1分) (2)由几何关系可知粒子垂直电场线进入匀强电场做类平抛运动mqEa =…………(1分) 12ay v y =(1分) 粒子到达A 点的速度大小 02202v v v v y =+=……………(1分)设速度与x 轴的夹角为θ,则:1tan 0==v v y θ, θ=45°……(1分) 由1at v y =解得:qBmt 31=…(1分) 102t v x =……………(1分) 联立以上各式解得:qBmv x x L 021)323(+=+=……………(1分) (3)粒子在磁场中运动周期:qBmT π2=………(1分) 由几何关系可知,C 粒子在左侧磁场运动轨迹为1/3圆周,运动时间T t 310=(1分) 由几何关系可知,C 粒子在右侧磁场运动轨迹可能为多个41圆弧,如图,C 粒子到达x 轴时可能运动时间:1分)C 粒子在右侧磁场运动轨迹半径D 粒子在x 轴与C 粒子相遇距A 点的可能距离:12R n s ⨯=(n =1、2、3……)………………(1分)所以,D 粒子速度v 的可能值210t t t s v ++=2分)36.(8分) 解:(1)BD (2分)(2)①不做功………………(1分) 吸热(1分) ②从B →C 过程:ccc B B B T V p T V p =………………(2分) 代入数据有 60034005.21015⨯=⨯⨯c p解得Pa 1025.15⨯=c p ………(2分)37.(8分)解:(1)①传播方向:沿x 轴负方向…………(2分) ②由图象可知:m 2=λ,s 2=T传播速度:m/s 1==Tv λ……(2分) (2)①由题意可知,光线从AB 垂直射入,恰好在BC 面发生全反射,光线最后从AC 面射出,光路图如下图。
2013北京西城一模文综试题答案
北京市西城区高三一模试卷参考答案及评分标准文科综合能力测试地理答案第一部分共35小题,每小题4分,共140分。
1.B2.A3.C4.C5.B6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.B 11.D第一部分共35小题,每小题4分,共140分。
36.(36分)(1)乙地。
(2分)乙地纬度较低(地处热带),海拔较高,七月凉爽,一月温和;受赤道低压带和东北信风带交替控制,有明显干湿季。
(6分)(2)北回归线以南的热带高原(山地)。
(4分)气温升高,年降水量减少,极端天气事件(干旱、洪涝灾害)增加,易发生病虫害,咖啡减产。
(任答四项,4分)(3)靠近(美国)市场、廉价劳动力丰富、地租低、政策支持。
(任答三项,6分)(4)旅游资源特色突出(丰富多样),价值突出(美学、历史、经济等),地域组合好,基础设施完善,交通便捷(接近客源市场)。
(5分)环境污染、生态破坏、文物古迹破坏。
(3分)(5)飓风、地震(4分)加强灾害监测与预报;制定防灾应急预案;修建(工程性)防御设施;进行防灾教育和培训。
(任答两项,合理即可,2分)39.(13分)(2)总体呈上升的趋势,近年来发展迅速。
(2分)太阳能是可再生(清洁)能源,技术成熟,市场需求扩大。
(3分)(3)③纬度较低(正午太阳高度角较大);海拔高,空气稀薄(晴天多),大气对太阳辐射削弱作用弱。
(8分)40.(7分)(2)是漕运码头,便于物资集散;是调蓄水库,可保障城市供水。
(4分)(3)减轻城市水体污染,美化环境,带动旅游业(经济)发展。
(3分)政治参考答案:38.(39分)(1)①中国必须推动产业结构优化升级,坚持新型工业化道路,培育新兴产业,发展服务业。
(4分)②通过产业发展,特别是服务业发展,增强城镇就业吸纳能力。
(2分)加快完善城乡劳动者平等就业制度,保障农业转移人员合法劳动权益,加快推进社会保障全覆盖。
(2分)③积极发挥政府财政作用,鼓励民间投资。
(2分)加强城镇各项基础设施建设,加大对教育、医疗、文化的投入,实现社会公平。
2013西城一模数学摸拟试题(含答案word版)
北京市西城区2013年初三一模模拟试卷数 学 2011. 4一、选择题(本题共32分,每小题4分)下面各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个..是符合题意的. 1. -2的相反数为( ).A .2B .-2C .12D .-122.据北京市统计局统计信息网显示,2013第一季度,我市全年接待旅游总人数170 000 000人次,比上年增长14.5%,将170 000 000用科学记数法表示为 A .81.710⨯ B .90.1710⨯ C .71710⨯ D . 71.710⨯3.以方程组21y x y x =-+⎧⎨=-⎩的解为坐标的点(,)x y 在( ).A .第一象限B .第二象限C .第三象限D .第四象限 4. 右图是正方体的展开图,原正方体相对两个面上的数字和最小是( ).A. 4B. 6C. 7D. 85.有四张形状、大小和质地完全相同的卡片,每张卡片的正面写有一个算式.将这四张卡片背面向上洗匀,从中随机抽取一张(不放回),接着再随机抽取一张.则抽取的两张卡片上的算式都正确的概率是().A .12 B .14 C .18D . 16 6.某射击小组有20人,教练根据他们某次射击的数据绘制成如图所示的统计图.则这组数据的众数和中位数分别是( ).A .7,7B . 8,7.5C .7,7.5D . 8,61 42 53 67.如图,在梯形ABCD 中,AB ∥CD ,∠A =60°,∠B =30°, 若AD =CD =6,则AB 的长等于( ). A .9B .12C .6+D .188、如图,有两全等的正三角形ABC 、DEF ,且D 、A 分别为△ABC 、△DEF 的重心。
固定D 点,将△DEF 逆时针旋转,使得A 落在DE 上,如图所示。
求图一与图二中,两个三角形重迭区域的面积比?(A) 2: 1(B) 3:2 (C) 4:3 (D) 5:4 二、填空题(本题共16分,每小题4分) 9.分解因式:y xy y x 962+-= .10.如图,甲、乙两盏路灯相距20米. 一天晚上,当小明从 路灯甲走到距路灯乙底部4米处时,发现自己的身影顶部 正好接触到路灯乙的底部.已知小明的身高为1.6米,那么路灯甲的高为 米.11.设[x )表示大于x 的最小整数,如[3)=4,[-1.2)=-1,则下列结论中正确的是 . (填写所有正确结论的序号)①[0)=0;②[x )-x 的最小值是0;③[x )-x 的最大值是0;④存在实数x ,使[x )-x =0.5成立.12.如图,在标有刻度的直线l 上,从点A 开始,以AB =1为直径画半圆,记为第1个半圆;以BC =2为直径画半圆,记为第2个半圆; 以CD =4为直径画半圆,记为第3个半圆;以DE =8为直径画半圆,记为第4个半圆, …按此规律,继续画半圆,则第4个半圆的面积是第3个半圆面积的 倍,第n 个半圆的面积为 (结果保留π)图一 图二12.如图,设四边形ABCD 是边长为1的正方形,以对角线AC 为边作第二个正方形ACEF 、再以对角线AE 为边作笫三个正方形AEGH ,如此下去….若正方形ABCD 的边长记为a 1,按上述方法所作的正方形的边长依次为a 2,a 3,a 4,…,a n ,则a n = . (二者选其一)三、解答题(本题共30分,每小题5分)13.计算: 1024sin 60(-︒- .14.解不等式组 302(1)33,x x x +>⎧⎨-+⎩,≥ 并判断3=x 是否为该不等式组的解.15. 如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,一条直线l 与x 轴相交于点A , 与y 轴相交于点(0,2)B ,与正比例函数 y =mx (m ≠0)的图象 相交于点(1,1)P .(1)求直线l 的解析式;(2)求△AOP 的面积.16. 如图,在四边形ABCD 中,AB =BC ,BF 平分∠ABC ,AF ∥DC , 连接AC ,CF . 求证:(1)AF =CF ;(2)CA 平分∠DCF .17. 已知关于x 的一元二次方程)0(0212≠=++a bx ax 有两个相等的实数根,求()()()11122-++-b b a ab 的值.18.某中学体育俱乐部的老师对学生的体能进行摸底测试,考试项目有跳绳、仰卧起坐等,体育老师随机从全校3600名学生中抽取统计了100名学生60秒跳绳的成绩,列出的频数分布直方图如下(每个分组包括左端点,不包括右端点):(1)求60秒跳绳的成绩在140—160次的人数;(2)若将此直方图转化为扇形统计图,求(1)中人数所在扇形统计图中圆心角的度数; (3)请你估计一下全校大概有多少名学生60秒跳绳的次数在100次以上?四、解答题(本题共20分,每小题5分)19.某商店经营一种小商品,进价为每件20元,据市场分析,在一个月内,售价定为25元时,可卖出105件,而售价每上涨1元,就少卖5件. (1)当售价定为30元时,一个月可获利多少元?(2)当售价定为每件多少元时,一个月的获利最大?最大利润是多少元?20.如图,在矩形纸片ABCD 中,AB =6,BC =8.把△BCD 沿对角线BD 折叠,使点C 落在C ′处,BC ′交AD 于点G ;E 、F 分别是C ′D 和BD 上的点,线段EF 交AD 于点H ,把△FDE 沿EF 折叠,使点D 落在D ′处,点D ′恰好与点A 重合.(1)求证:△ABG ≌△C ′DG ; (2)求tan ∠ABG 的值;(3)求EF 的长.21.21. 如图,已知AB 是⊙O 的直径,点H 在⊙O 上,E 是的中点,过点E 作EC ⊥AH ,交AH 的延长线于点C .连结AE ,过点E 作EF ⊥AB 于点F . (1)求证:CE 是⊙O 的切线;(2)若FB=2, tan ∠CAE =22,求OF 的长.22.某课题研究小组就图形面积问题进行专题研究,他们发现如下结论:HBAD CB P 1P 2 P 3 P 4 Q 12 Q 3Q 4图3(1)有一条边对应相等的两个三角形面积之比等于这条边上的对应高之比; (2)有一个角对应相等的两个三角形面积之比等于夹这个角的两边乘积之比;…现请你继续对下面问题进行探究,探究过程可直接应用上述结论.(S 表示面积) 问题1:如图1,现有一块三角形纸板ABC ,P 1,P 2三等分边AB ,R 1,R 2三等分边AC . 请探究2121R R P P S 四边形与S △ABC 之间的关系问题2:若有另一块三角形纸板,可将其与问题1中的拼合成四边形ABCD ,如图2,Q 1,Q 2三等分边DC .请探究2211P Q Q P S 四边形与S 四边形ABCD 之间的数量关系. 问题3:如图3,P 1,P 2,P 3,P 4五等分边AB ,Q 1,Q 2,Q 3,Q 4五等分边DC .若 S 四边形ABCD =1,则3322P Q Q P S 四边形= .问题4:如图4,P 1,P 2,P 3四等分边AB ,Q 1,Q 2,Q 3四等分边DC ,P 1Q 1,P 2Q 2,P 3Q 3 将四边形ABCD 分成四个部分,面积分别为S 1,S 2,S 3,S 4.请直接写出含有S 1,S 2,S 3,S 4的一个等式.五、解答题(本题共22分,第23题7分,第24题8分,第25题7分)23.已知二次函数2y mx nx p =++图象的顶点横坐标是2,与x 轴交于A (x 1,0)、B (x 2,0),x 1﹤0﹤x 2,与y 轴交于点C ,O 为坐标原点,tan tan CA BO 1O C ∠-∠=. (1)求证: n 4m 0+=;(2)求m 、n 的值;(3)当p ﹥0且二次函数图象与直线y x 3=+仅有一个交点时,求二次函数的最大值.24.如图,矩形OABC 中,A (6,0)、C (0,2)、D (0,3),射线l 过点D 且与xAB C图1P 1 P 2R 2R 1ABC图2P 1 P 2 R 2R 1D12A DP 1 P 2 P 3 B Q 12 Q 3C图4S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4轴平行,点P、Q分别是l和x轴正半轴上动点,满足∠PQO=60°.(1)①点B的坐标是;②∠CAO=度;③当点Q与点A重合时,点P的坐标为;(直接写出答案)(2)设OA的中心为N,PQ与线段AC相交于点M,是否存在点P,使△AMN为等腰三角形?若存在,请直接写出点P的横坐标为m;若不存在,请说明理由.(3)设点P的横坐标为x,△OPQ与矩形OABC的重叠部分的面积为S,试求S与x的函数关系式和相应的自变量x的取值范围.25.在平面直角坐标系xOy中,边长为a(a为大于0的常数)的正方形ABCD的对角线AC、BD相交于点P,顶点A在x轴正半轴上运动,顶点B在y轴正半轴上运动(x轴的正半轴、y轴的正半轴都不包含原点O),顶点C、D都在第一象限。
北京市西城区2013年初三数学一模试题及答案
北京市西城区2013年初三一模试卷数 学 2013. 5一、选择题(本题共32分,每小题4分)下面各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个..是符合题意的. 1.3-的相反数是A .31-B .31 C .3 D .3-2.上海原世博园区最大单体建筑“世博轴”被改造成一个综合性商业中心,该项目营业面积约130 000平方米,130 000用科学记数法表示应为A .1.3×105B .1.3×104C .13×104D .0.13×106 3.如图,AF 是∠BAC 的平分线,EF ∥AC 交AB 于点E . 若∠1=25°,则BAF ∠的度数为 A .15° B .50° C .25° D .12.5°4.在一个不透明的盒子中装有3个红球、2个黄球和1个绿球,这些球除颜色外,没有任何其他区别,现从这个盒子中随机摸出一个球,摸到黄球的概率为 A .21 B .31 C .61 D .15.若菱形的对角线长分别为6和8,则该菱形的边长为 A .5B .6C .8D .10 6 则该队队员年龄的众数和中位数分别是A .16,15B .15,15.5C .15,17D .15,167.由一些大小相同的小正方体搭成的一个几何体的三视图如图所示,则构成这个几何体 的小正方体共有 A .6个 B .7个 C .8个 D .9个8.如图,在矩形ABCD 中,AB=2,BC=4.将矩形ABCD 绕点C 沿顺时针方向旋转90°后,得到矩形FGCE (点A 、B 、D 的对应点分别为点F 、G 、E ).动点P 从点B 开始沿BC-CE 运动到点E 后停止,动点Q 从点E 开始沿EF -FG 运动到点G 后停止,这两点的运动速度均为每秒1个单位.若点P 和点Q 同时开始运动,运动时间为x (秒),△APQ 的面积为y ,则能够正确反映y 与x 之 间的函数关系的图象大致是二、填空题(本题共16分,每小题4分) 9.函数y =x 的取值范围是 .10.分解因式:32816a a a -+= .11.如图,在梯形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,BD ⊥DC ,∠C=45°.若AD=2,BC=8,则AB 的长为 .12.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,有一只电子青蛙在点A (1,0)处.第一次,它从点A 先向右跳跃1个单位,再向上跳跃1个单位到达点A 1; 第二次,它从点A 1先向左跳跃2个单位,再向下跳跃2个单位到达点A 2; 第三次,它从点A 2先向右跳跃3个单位,再向上跳跃3个单位到达点A 3; 第四次,它从点A 3先向左跳跃4个单位,再向下跳跃4个单位到达点A 4; ……依此规律进行,点A 6的坐标为 ;若点A n 的坐标为(2013,2012), 则n = .三、解答题(本题共30分,每小题5分) 13.计算:1345sin 2)13(8-+︒--+.14.解不等式组 4(1)78,25,3x x x x +≤-⎧⎪-⎨-<⎪⎩并求它的所有整数解.15.如图,点C 在线段AB 上,△DAC 和△DBE 都是等边三角形 (1) 求证:△DAB ≌△DCE ;(2) 求证:DA ∥EC . ≤16.已知3=y x ,求22222()x y x y x yx y y--÷-的值.17.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,正比例函数错误!未指定书签。
大连2013中考物理一模考试附标准答案
大连市2013年初中毕业升学考试测试(一)一、选择题:(本题共14小题,每小题2分,共28分)注意:第1~11小题中,每小题只有一个选项正确.1、通常用铜做导线,因为铜是( )A 、导体B 、半导体C 、超导体D 、绝缘体2、一乘客坐在行驶地汽车上,若说他是静止地,则选择地参照物是( )A 、路边地行人站B 、马路边地树木C 、远处地高山D 、所乘坐有汽车 3、下列光现象中,由于光地直线传播形成地是( )A 、水中地倒影房B 、小孔成地像C 、雨后地彩虹D 、海市蜃楼 4、用照相机照相时,景物到镜头地距离为u 与镜头地焦距f 之间地关系是( ) A 、u>2f B 、2f>u>f C 、u<f D 、u=2f 5、图1是一台收音机地屏板,当向左调指针(图中黑块)时,所接收地电磁波( )A 、频率变大,波长变大B 、频率变大,波长变小C 、频率变小,波长变小D 、频率变小,波长变大 6、一本书放要水平桌面上,则属于平衡力地是( )A 、书受到地重力和书对桌面地压力B 、书对桌面地压力和地面对桌子地支持力C 、书受到地重力和桌子对书地支持力D 、书对桌面地压力和桌子对书地支持力7、电磁感应实验装置位于水平桌面上,如图所示.闭合开关后,能使电路中产生感应电流地是()A 、导体ab 静止,磁铁竖直向上运动B 、磁铁静止,导体ab 竖直向下运动C 、磁铁静止,导体ab 水平向左运动D 、磁铁和导体ab 同时同速向右运动8、额定电压相同地一盏白炽灯和一盏节能灯都能正常发光,且亮度相同,则( )A 、白炽灯地电阻大于节能灯地电阻B 、白炽灯地电流小于节能灯地电流C 、白炽灯地额定功率等于节能灯地额定功率D 、白炽灯地额定功率大于节能灯地额定功率9、下列实验都需要做三次,做三次实验地目地是使结论具有普遍性地是( ) A 、测量定值电阻地阻值 B 、探究杠杆地平衡条件C 、探究动能与质量地关系D 、探究液体压强与液体密度是否有关 10、将一边长为a 地立方体铁块挂在弹簧测力计上,铁块下表面恰好与水面接触,如图所示.在把铁块从图示位置缓慢下沉到下表面在水中地深度为2a 地过程中,弹簧测力计地示数F 与铁块下表面在水中地深度h 地关系图像是( )11、水平桌面上地烧杯中装有多半杯水,烧杯玻璃地厚度不计.将一只铅笔竖直插入水地正ab中央.沿水平方向观察烧杯,看到水中地铅笔“变粗”了.关于铅笔“变粗”地原因,下列说法中正确地是()A 、由于烧杯中地水上表面地折射,水中铅笔成放大地实像 B 、由于烧杯中地水侧表面地反射,水中铅笔成等大地虚像 C 、由于烧杯中地水侧表面地折射,水中铅笔成放大地虚像D 、烧杯中地水竖直方向相当于凸透镜,水中铅笔成放大地虚像 注意:第12~14小题中,每小题至少有两个选项正确.12、关于惯性,下列说法正确地是( )A 、不倒翁摆动时靠惯性通过平衡位置B 、汽车安全带能防止惯性带来地危害C 、空中地石块是利用惯性加速竖直下落地D 、跳远运动员起跳后,靠惯性在水平方向上向前运动13、如图所示,有打气筒向广口瓶中打气,过一会儿看到瓶塞跳起, 则下列说法正确地是( )A 、瓶塞跳起前,瓶内气体压强逐渐减小B 、瓶塞跳起前,瓶内气体内能逐渐增大C 、瓶塞跳起时,瓶内气体温度不变D 、瓶塞跳起时,瓶内气体一部分内能转化为瓶塞地机械能14、图是一种调压电路,电源电压为6V 且保持不变.闭合开关,将滑动变阻器地滑片P 从a 端滑到b 端地过程中,不考虑温度对小灯泡电阻地影响.则( )A 、小灯泡逐渐变暗B 、电路中总电阻逐渐变小C 、小灯泡两端电压变化范围为0~6VD 、滑片在a 、b 两端时,电流表示数相等二、填空题(本题共10小题,15~22小题每题2分,23、24题每题3分,共22分)15、班级元旦联欢会上,某同学弹奏古筝,优美地琴声是由琴弦______产生地,琴声是通过_______传到其他同学耳中地.16、煤、石油、天然气都属于_______再生能源(选填“可”或“不可”);水力发电与火力发电相比较,其主要优点是(写出一条即可)_______________.17、将R 1=5Ω、R 2=10Ω两个电阻并联在电路中.则R 1与R 2两端电压之比为_______;通过R 1与R 2地电流之比为_______.18、打开酒精灯地灯帽,会闻到酒精地气味,说明酒精气体分子是________地;没酒精地质量为m ,热值为q 完全燃烧这些酒精放出地热量Q=____________.19、水平桌面上有一个静止地小磁针,其N 极所指地方向是小磁针所在位置地________地方向.将一直导线放在小磁针地正上方,当导线中有电流通过时,小磁针发生偏转,说明电流周围有_______.20、用天平测量石块质量时,盘中地砝码和游码地位置如图6所示,则该物体地质量m=________g ;若石块地体积为30cm 3,则石块地密度ρ=________g/cm 3.21、一个未装满果汁地密闭地杯子放在水平桌面上,如图所示甲所示,果汁对杯底地压强为p 1、压力为F 1.若把杯子倒置过来,如图乙所示,果汁对杯底地压强为p 2、压力为F 2.则p 1_____p 2,F 1____F 2.(都选填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”)22、在“探究平面镜成像特点”实验中,实验装置如图8所示.A 是点燃地蜡烛,B 是未点燃地蜡烛.实验时,应使玻璃板与水平桌面________;如果实验操作都要是正确地,但发现三次实验测出地像距都偏大,其原因是:_________________________________________.23、如图9所示,一束光从水中斜射向平静地水面.请画出反射光线和折射光线.24、如图10是工人用撬棍撬石头地示意图.请画出阻力F 2地力臂;并在a 点画出最小动力F 1地示意图.三、计算题(本题共3小题,共18分) 25、(6分)某电饭锅铭牌上标有“220V 1000W ”字样,当其正常工作时,把质量为2kg 、温度为25℃地水加热到75℃,用时10min.(C 水=4.2×103J/kg ).试求:(1)加热过程中,水吸收地热量是多少? (2)电流做地功是多少?(3)电饭锅烧水地效率是多少?26、如图是某小组设计地调光台灯电路图,小灯泡地额定电压为12V ,电源电压保持不变.闭合开关S ,滑动变阻器地滑片从a 端滑到b 端地过程中,小灯泡两端地电压变化范围是3~12V ,因为灯丝电阻随温度升高而增大,所以小灯泡地电流变化范围是1~2A.试求:(1)小灯泡地额定功率是多少? (2)滑动变阻器地最大电阻是多少?(3)当滑动变阻器地电阻为5Ω时,电路地总功率是14.4W ,此时滑动变阻器消耗地功率是多少?27、某建筑工地用地打桩机示意图如图所示,卷扬机把重锤提升到一定高度,释放后重锤自由下落,将桩打入地下.已知重锤地质量为400kg ,重锤底面积为0.1m 2,桩地上表面积为0.04m 2.g 取10N/kg.试求:(1)该装置中定滑轮起什么作用?(2)重锤自由下落打在桩上地瞬时压力为2×105N 时,重锤对桩地压强是多少? (3)若卷扬机把重锤匀速提高5m ,则钢丝绳对重锤地拉力所做地功是多少?四、简答题(本题共2小题,每小题3分,共6分)28、某同学站在水平地面上,把一个皮球举过头顶,将皮球表止释放,皮球碰到地面后反弹地最大高度小于释放时地高度.请解释这个现象.(不计空气阻力)29、用水壶烧水,当水开时,看到壶嘴上方有大量地“白气上升”.请解释这个现象.五、综合题(本题共3小题,共16分) 30、(5分)在“探究某晶体液态放热时温度地变化规律”实验中,实验装置如图13所示,实验过程中,观察到在第8min 开始出现固体,第16min 全部变为固体.记录地实验数据如下表.(1) 某次实验时,温度计地液面位于如图14所示,此时温度计地示数是________℃. (2) 请在方格纸上画出温度与时间地关系图像.(3) 由图像可知:①该液体凝固前,温度与时间地关系是:______________________________________.②该液体凝固过程,温度与时间地关系是:_____________________________________.31、(5分)已知导体电阻与导体长度、横截面积和材料有关.在探究“导体电阻与导体长度地关系”实验中,实验器材有:两根材料和横截面积都相同地电阻丝A 和B ,A 电阻丝地长度是60cm ,B 电阻丝地长度是20cm;干电池、定值电阻、电流表、电压表、开关、该度尺各一个;带有导电夹子地导线若干.实验电路图如图所示.(1)应选用________电阻丝做该实验更好. (2)连接器材时,电压表应接小量程.这样做地依据是:__________________________.(3)该实验需要测若干组数据,改变导电夹子位置时,发现电流表示数有时大于0.6A ,有时小于0.6A.关于测各个电流值时电流表量程地选择,下列说法正确地是( )A 、都用大量程B 、都用小量程C 、大小量程都可以D 、大于0.6A 时用大量程,小于0.6A 时用小量程(4)画出实验用地表格,表中要有必要地信息.电阻丝32、(6分)某同学知道物体所受空气阻力与物体迎风面积和速度有关.为了探究“物体所受空气阻力和速度地关系”,他折叠了一个硬纸锥,将纸锥从一定高度释放,用照相机拍照纸锥运动地全过程,照相机每隔相等地时间曝光一次,拍出地照片如图所示.其中ac 段纸锥间隔越来越大,cd 段纸锥间隔相等.不计空气浮力.(1)cd 段纸锥做______________运动.(2)纸锥在a 、b 、c 三个位置地速度关系为v a _____v b _____v c..(3)纸锥在a 、b 、c 三个位置所受空气阻力关系为F a ______F b _____F c .理由是:_____________________________________________________________.(4)探究结论是:______________________________________________________.大连市2013年初中毕业升学考试试测(一)物理试题参考答案与评分标准一、选择题(本题共14小题,每小题2分,共28分) 二、填空题(本题共10小题,15~22小题每题2分,23、24小题每题3分,共22分) 15.振动;空气 16.不可;对空气无污染 17.1∶1;2∶118.运动;mq 19.地磁场;磁场 20.71.4;2.38 21.大于;小于 22.垂直;由于玻璃板地折射,看到地“B 蜡烛”是B 蜡烛前移地像 23.如图1(两条光线实线、箭头1分;反射光线角度1分;折射光线远离法线1分) 24.如图2(力臂1分;力地示意图中:方向、垂直符号1分;实线、箭头、符号1分)图1 图2三、计算题(本题共3小题,共18分)25.(6分)解:(1)Q吸=c水m(t-t0)(1分)=4.2×103J/(kg·℃)×2kg×(75℃-25℃)=4.2×105J(1分)(2)P=W /t(1分)W=Pt=1000W×10×60s=6×105J(1分)(3)Q放=Wη=Q吸/Q放(1分)=4.2×105J/6×105J=70% (1分)答:(1)水吸收地热量是4.2×105J.(2)电流做地功是6×105J.(3)电饭锅烧水地效率是70%.26.(6分)解:(1)滑片P在b端时,可知电源电压U=12V,电流I=2AP=UI(1分)=12V×2A=24W (1分)(2)滑片P在a端时,U L=3V,I L=1AI=U/R(1分)R最大=U R/I L=(U总-U L)/I L=(12V-3V)/1A=9Ω(1分)(3)P=UII=P/U=14.4W/12V=1.2A (1分)I=U/R,P=UIP R=I 2R=(1.2A)2×5Ω=7.2W (1分)答:(1)小灯泡地额定功率是24W.(2)滑动变阻器地最大电阻是9Ω.(3)滑动变阻器消耗地功率是7.2W.27.(6分)解:(1)改变拉力地方向(1分)(2)p=F/S (1分)=2×105N/0.04m2=5×106Pa (1分)(3)G=mg=400kg×10N/kg=4×103N (1分)W拉=Fs=Gh (1分)=4×103N×5m=2×104J (1分)答:(1)改变拉力地方向.(2)重锤对桩地压强是5×106Pa.(3)钢丝绳对重锤地拉力所做地功是2×104J.四、简答题(本题共2小题,每小题3分,共6分)28.皮球在释放点地机械能等于重力势能,落到地面时,重力势能全部转化为动能;(1分)皮球与地面碰撞时,部分机械能转化为内能,反弹时地动能小于落地时地动能;(1分)到达最高点时,动能全部转化为重力势能,重力势能小于释放点地重力势能.因为皮球质量一定时,高度越小,重力势能越小. (1分)所以皮球反弹地最大高度小于释放点地高度.29.从壶嘴冒出大量地高温水蒸气,遇到温度较低地空气,液化成小水珠;(1分)从壶嘴冒出地水蒸气具有向上地速度,所以水蒸气边上升边液化;(1分)向上运动地水蒸气对已液化地小水珠施加向上地力,该力大于小水珠地重力,小水珠向上运动. (1分)五、综合题(本题共3小题,共16分)(1)49 (1分)(2)见图象(描点1分;连线1分)(2分)(3)①随着时间地增加,温度下降地越来越缓慢(1分)②随着时间地增加,温度保持不变(1分)31. (5分)(1)A (1分)(2)电源电压是1.5V (1分)(3)A (1分)(4)见表格(项目和次数1分;长度值选取符合全程、多点、等距1分)32. (6分)(1)匀速直线(1分)(2)小于;小于(1分)(3)小于;小于(1分)纸锥在a点所受空气阻力为0,ac段纸锥加速运动,b点所受空气阻力F b<G(1分);cd段纸锥做匀速直线运动,F c=G(1分).(4)物体迎风面积一定时,物体地速度越大,所受空气阻力越大(1分)版权申明本文部分内容,包括文字、图片、以及设计等在网上搜集整理.版权为个人所有This article includes some parts, including text, pictures, and design. Copyright is personal ownership.DJ8T7。
2013年北京四城区一模试卷分析
一模试卷分析理综之物理
物理复习重点
• 从两个区的模拟考试题来看,近年来考试的热点和重点考查的还是很突出。 在以后的复习过程中。尤其是基础较为薄弱的同学可以有针对性的进行复习。 比如考选择题的热点还是集中在光学、原子物理、热学、机械振动与机械波、 万有引力与天体运动、电场的性质、交流电等。论述与计算题常考的有基本 运动、动量与能量、电磁感应、带电粒子在场中的运动等。可以从模型入手, 掌握好各种知识点的考查形式,然后进行有针对性的练习;这样可以在短时 间内起到较好的效果。
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一模试卷分析之语文
• 古诗词综合部分,3大题共20分
题号 选材 11(1=3分) 11(2=4分)12(5分) 选题 13(8分)
海淀
横波亭(为青 口帅赋)①
对诗的理 解和赏析 斜线(/)给 短文断句 5分
从内容或 语言分析 语句 古文默写 8分
斜线(/) 给短文断 句
《韩诗外 传》
各城区一模成绩划线
不同分数学员补课分析
一模后咨询和教务的注意事项
一模试卷分析之语文汇总
• • • • 语基部分:中等难度,生僻词有两个其余,基本上是,汉子的音型考察,成语考察、 语法考察,文学常识考察。 文言文阅读部分:除选材不同外问题考察点基本相同,海淀实词考察两处,西城一处。 海淀虚词考察一处,西城2处,文章理解一处,原文翻译一处 默写与分段:难度较往年偏低,不生僻 诗歌鉴赏:海淀考察的是元赋七律(横波亭的险要气势,抒发了重整河山、收复中原 的豪迈气概),西城考察的是唐诗(一首咏物诗。它以“朱樱”为描写对象,采用今 昔对比手法,表达了诗人对供职门下省时的生活细节的深情忆念)解析:海淀文章较 难理解,原因是文章作者不被考生熟知,所以对于文章熟悉度就下降了,心理上出现 障碍。西城作者较为熟悉,杜甫的文章特点较为鲜明,学生解答时会有很大的有利条 件。 现代文阅读:海淀第一篇和西城第二篇有相似点,讲述的大都是人与自然和谐统一的 概念,属议论文范畴。海淀第二篇讲述的是大运河的衰败牵引到过度使用和缺乏规范 管理造成资源的浪费和景观的破坏,可持续发展才是硬道理。 作文:海淀,立意1.民族崛起要从文化崛起;2、振兴民族文化从我做起;3、中国梦 (不仅仅是政治。军事、经济;文化复兴也是梦想,只有实现文化的复兴才能实现中 国梦)4、反面:空谈误国实干兴邦(光喊口号没用,应该脚踏实地的去学习,然后 去担负起中华文化复兴的责任) 西城:有我与无我,个人认为:最大的有我就是无我的奉献,当你做到无私忘无我的 奉献时,所有人心中都有你的存在,那是你已经无处不在。联系时政:习总:打铁还 得自身硬
2013北京西城高考一模数学文(解析)
9. 0 ;
1 11. x , 2 ; 2 14. 5 , 7n 22 .
三、解答题:本大题共 6 小题,共 80 分.若考生的解法与本解答不同,正确者可参照评分标准给分. 15. (本小题满分 13 分) 3π …………………………1 分 (Ⅰ)解:依题意,得 f ( ) 0 , 4 3π 3π 2 2a ………………………………3 分 即 sin a cos 0, 4 4 2 2 ………………………5 分 解得 a 1 . …………………………6 分 (Ⅱ)解:由(Ⅰ)得 f ( x) sin x cos x .
11.抛物线 y 2 2 x 的准线方程是______;该抛物线的焦点为 F ,点 M ( x0 , y0 ) 在此抛物线上,且 MF 则 x0 ______. 12.某厂对一批元件进行抽样检测.经统计,这批元件的长度 数据 (单位: mm )全部介于 93 至 105 之间.将长度数据 95) , [95, 97 ) , [97, 99 ) , 以 2 为组距分成以下 6 组: [93, [99, 101) , [101, 103) , [103,105] ,得到如图所示的频率分 布直方图.若长度在 [97,103) 内的元件为合格品,根据频率 分布直方图,估计这批产品的合格率是_____. 13.在△ ABC 中,内角 A , B , C 的对边边长分别为 a , b , c ,且 面积是______.
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北京市西城区 2013 年高三一模试卷 高三数学(文科)参考答案及评分标准
2013.4 一、选择题:本大题共 8 小题,每小题 5 分,共 40 分. 1. B ; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B; 5.C; 6.C; 7.A; 8.B.
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(大兴)(平谷)七、阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有一项为多余选项。
(共8分,每小题2分)Note-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork. It can make you confident when you are studying. 60 .If your teacher writes notes on the blackboard, t hat’s great. You can copy them or write down the most important facts of all in class. Different teachers do things differently. For example, some teachers may pay attention to lots of dates and facts in class, but they only write the important ones on the blackboard. 61 , but they may repeat them.Don’t try to write down every word in class, or you might miss some important points. When you can’t follow what your teacher is saying, you can ask him or her after class. Some students really learn better with the help of these notes.Comparing (对比) your notes with your classmates’can be good for your learning.62 .Note-taking also needs organization. Keep notes for each subject in one place, so that you can find everything easily when a test comes.63 . If you decide to recopy your notes every evening, you’ll surely have less time to watch TV. But you’ll save time in the coming test.八、阅读短文, 根据短文内容回答问题。
(共10分,每小题2分)Did you know that each day one person in the US throws away 4.4 pounds of rubbish? Almost every month,we throw away our own rubbish in packaging alone. Packaging ( including boxes, bags, etc)comes to our homes with the things we have bought. Several weeks ago, the TV news said that in a city in Italy tons of rubbish were piled up in the streets, and the smell was rather terrible. What can we do ? We should get to know the following Rs.Reduce To reduce means to make less rubbish. That is one of the first things we all should do for the environment. Reduce your rubbish by doing things like packing your lunch in reusable containers, taking smaller potions( 一部分)at dinner so you don't waste food when you have had enough, writing on both sides of paper, and using less water when taking a shower.Reuse To reuse is to use things again. Think about the bags you get from the store. They can be reused to carry your lunch, to hold your rubbish, or to collect used cans. You can even take them back to the store the next time to carry your things instead of getting a new bag!Recycle Recycling is an important part of keeping our planet clean and green . It can also save energy. Be sure that you don't throw things in the rubbish that can be recycled to make things else. Paper, plastic, cans and bottles can all be recycled to make things else. Paper,plastic,cans bottles can all be recycled , but food, electrical waste and mobile phones can't. When you are not sure whether something can be recycled, go to your parents and teachers for advice. Follow the three Rs, and every one of us can do some thing to save the earth. It is also the best way to save ourselves.64. Do people in the US throw away a lot of rubbish every day?65. How many suggestions does the writer give for reduce?66. What can we do with the bags we get from the store according to the passage?67. Why is recycling very important in our daily life?68. What's the passage mainly about?十、文段表达(15分)74. 根据中文和英文提示,写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的回文。
回文的开头和结尾已经给出。
请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
我们每个人无论唱得如何,都会唱歌,也有自己最喜欢的歌曲,如:我爱你中国(I Love You, China)。
歌声使我们……。
现在,某英文报纸就(My Favorite Song)征文,请你投稿。
稿件内容包括:你学习那首歌曲的过程,喜欢它的理由以及你学唱歌曲的感受。
提示词语:sing , many, learn, active, sentence by sentence, enjoy, encourage, study, relax……My Favorite Song(燕山)七、阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有一项为多余选项。
(共8分,每小题2分)Have you ever noticed the black and white bars on a book? Do you know what they are used for?They are barcodes used in most products. If you go to a supermarket, you can see almost every product with a barcode on it. 60 , such as name and production date. It’s an easy and convenient way to keep track ofthe products. 61 .The first use of a barcode in a supermarket checkout system was on a pack of American Wrigley Company chewing gum in 1974. Besides supermarkets, barcodes are needed everywhere: For renting cars, for luggage checks on a plane, for parcels (包裹) you send. People can enter stadiums, cinemas and theaters by holding certain types of barcodes. 62 .If you find these barcode things boring, a barcode building might be more up your street. In St Petersburg, Russia, there is a building designed like a barcode. It looks strange, but it ’s actually a shopping mall. There are games too. Barcode Monsters is a mobile phone game. 63 .八、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。