对外经济贸易大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试463翻译试题及答案详解

对外经济贸易大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试463 翻译试题及答案详解Section AGive brief narration (not more than fifty English words for each) of the following translation concepts (20 points):1.nature of translation2.translatability3.translation process4.translation methodologySection BTranslate the following passages into Chinese:Passage 1 (30 points)Equity securities are known as shares (or stock) in a corporation. Stockholders are considered owners of the corporation. The Articles of Incorporation must state the number of shares and the characteristics of the stock. To issue stock is actually to offer shares of stock for sale. The corporation's Board of Directors controls when and to whom the corporation's shares are offered and sold.Outstanding shares－Outstanding shares are shares already issued and purchased by the shareholder or stockholder.Par value－Par value is an arbitrary value assigned to each share in the Articles of Incorporation but does not necessarily reflect the true market value of the stock. Shares may not be issued and sold by the corporation for less than their par value therefore it is sometimes advisable not to state any par value at all or state a par value lower than the estimated market price. No par value allows the Board of Directors to decide each time shares are issued what the price per share will be. In a very large corporation where the stock is publicly traded at a public exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, the public demand for the stock of the corporation rather than the Board of Directors determines the selling price of the stock.Capital account －The capital account of a corporation is an entry in the books of the corporation and is determined by multiplying the par or stated value of the corporation's stock by the number of shares outstanding. For example, if the corporation had sold 1000 shares of stock which had $10 par value, the capital account would be $10,000.Passage 2 (30 points)The October leaves have fallen on the lake. On bright, calm days they lie in thousands on the now darkening water, mostly yellow flotillas of poplar, floating continuously down from great trees that themselves shake in the windless air with the sound of falling water, but on rainy days or after rain they seem to swim or be driven away, and nothing remains to break the surface except the last of the olive-yellow lily pads that in high summer covered every inch of water like plates of emerald porcelain. The lilies have gone too, the yellow small-headed kind that in bud are like swimming snakes, and the great reeds are going, woven by wind and frost into untidy basket islands under which coot and moorhen skid for cover at the sound of strangers.All summer, in this world of water--lilies, the coot and moorhen lived a bewildered life. There was no place where they could swim, and all day they could be seen walking daintily, heads slightly aside and slightly down, across the lily-hidden water, as bemused by the world of leaves as they had been in winter by the world of ice. In the clearer water they are more active. The lake is long and unbroken except for two small islands. The birds, as the fit takes them, dash madly upand down it, taking off and touching down like small fussy black sea-planes. Beside them the arrival of the wild duck, at much higher speed, is almost majestic, They plane down, the necks of the drakes shining like royal green satin, with the air of squadrons coming in after long flights from home.Section CTranslate the following passages into English：Passage 1 (30 points)燕子去了有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候：桃花谢了。

有再开的时候。

但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？—是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁?又藏在何处呢?是他们自己逃走了罢：现在又到了哪里呢?我不知道他们给了我多少日子：但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。

在默默里算着，八千多日已经从我手中溜去；像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。

我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。

去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着，去来的中间，又怎样地匆匆呢?早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。

太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转。

于是——洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。

我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过，从我脚边飞去了。

等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。

我掩着面叹息。

但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。

Passage 2 (20 points)根据WTO的定义，倾销是指一国产品以低于“正常价值”的价格出口到另一国，并对进口国相关工业造成了损害的行为。

其中，“正常价值”是以市场经济国家生产的产品价格衡量。

即反倾销案发起国如果认定调查商品的出口国为非市场经济国家，将引用与出口国经济发展水平大致相当的市场经济国家(替代国)的成本等数据，计算所谓正常价值并进而确定倾销幅度。

允许产品进口国在十五年内仍可以非市场经济国家看待中国，即是允许在较长一段时期内，反倾销案发起国可以引用替代国的成本(通常高于我国成本)等数据计算产品的“正常价值”，最终认定中国产品倾销并课以离昂的税率。

这己成为一些国家借反倾销之名打压中国产品出口的最有效的工具。

NOTE：For the following passage in this section，candidates applying for oral interpretation are required to translate Part A only and candidates applying for written translation are required to translate Part B only.Passage 3(20 points)Pan A目前在信息市场上活得最滋润的当属小公司。