基础英语Book1

基础英语Book1-Book2 核心词汇Topic One Summer Vacation一,Language Structures in Unit 11,chess tournament :锦标赛，联赛eg: They were defeated in the first round of chess tournament.They went out of the tournament in the first round.2,shadowboxing, body-building exercise, physical exercise二，Dialogue in Unit 11,camp:野营，营地，帐篷a summer camp/ a military camp/ a refugee(难民) camp/ a prison camp[派生]camp\camper\campsite\campfire2,hike: (inf.) Take a hike!让…离开,哪凉快哪躲着去!价格提高eg: The cost of living has hiked up again.3,subdivid: divid into smaller and smaller pieceseg: The city of Wuhan is subdivided into several districts.Sub-:under: subway, submarine, subconsciousless important :subplot, subcontinent, subtitle, suburban4,be impressed by:eg: Freshmen are always impressed by the beautiful natural environment on campus.The audience were impressed by the scholar’s influent speech.[派生] impress\ impressive\ impression: a good/first impressionimpress sth. on sb.=impress sb. with sth.eg: Our teacher impressed the importance of independence on us.5,reminisce: think about the past events and days, recalleg:My grandfather used to reminisce about his years in the navy.[派生]reminiscence[n.] reminiscent[a.]怀旧的in a reminiscent mood其他简单词组见课本归纳三，Reading One and Two in Unit 11,sticky:有粘性的feel hot and stickysticky tape:胶布，胶带sticky end : unhappy end/ disastereg: I like films where villains(坏人) come to a sticky end.Most gangsters come to a sticky end eventually.2,burst:突然爆发/发生burst into cry/ burst into tears/burst into laughter eg: The door burst open.3,sandy-haired: 名词+ ed分词talented, experienced, privileged, wrinkled做练习册上的题目！4,convince: convence sb. of sth./ convince sb. that…（常用被动）eg: The government tries to convince the public of the desirability of the new tax policy.I was convinced by him that this would be the best choice we had ever made5, burglar: the person who enters a building illegally and steal夜贼[派生] burglary[n.]盗窃burgle[vt./vi.]行窃比较词义: rob: rob sb. of sth. 抢银行/钱steal: steal sth. from sb. 偷窃burglarize/burgle: 入室抢劫6,peer at: look carefully仔细看，费力看7，budge: move slightly 用于否定句eg: We try to move the rock , but it would not budge.8, approach: make one’s way to …/ make foreg: We made our way to the town on foot yesterday.vt. 接近，靠近the approaching holiday/ The weekend is approaching.When the teacher approached the classroom, he found all the students reading aloud.She is not easy to approach.vt.处理There are several ways of approaching the problem.n.途径，入门All the approaches to the city were blocked or damaged because of the earthquake.9, grab: take hold of10, apparently: obviously11, have a flat tyre: have a puncture爆胎12, take sb. off to…Topic Two Campus Life一,Structures in Unit 21, cater for2, phonetics [派生]phonetic表示语音的/ phonetician语言学家3，popular science book4, take…seriously: You can not take her promises seriously, because she never keeps her words.5, be clumsy at sth.6,wither:（花）凋谢，（希望）破灭7, the other day: a few days ago二,Dialogue 1 in Unit 31,challenge[派生] challengingeg: The first challenge the new government faces is reducing/ bridging the gap between the rich and poor.2,authority: 权利；官方；当局（复数）the authorities concerned 有关当局stretch one’s authority 滥用职权[派生] authorize\authorization\authoritative(权威性的)3, prefer to : prefer tea to coffeeprefer to say nothing than say sth. stupidprefer sb. to do/ not to do sth.4, a wide variety of…diversityeg: The shirts are available in a wide variety of styles.variety shows 综艺节目5, annual/ annually: annual report/ salary/ conference6,renew: replace sth. old with sth. new of the same kindeg: Every year I renew my membership of the sports club.Renew a passport/permit许可证/ lease租约/ contract7,on a monthly basis on a regular basis8,be located on the outskirts of the city郊区= rural areas, suburban areas,9, metropolis:主要都市，首都（补充）orientation[n.]方向，定方位orientate[vt,]向东，朝东the orient: 东方career-orientated teaching/ student-oriented class10, hustle and bustle 重点,两个词作动作名的用法the hustle and bustle of modern lifethe street full of hustle and bustle11,ignore: [派生] ignorance[n.] ignorant[a.] be ignorant of sth.比较：neglect:粗心，故意disregard:故意，漠视overlook: 粗心，忽视12, distraction and diversion:eg: Shoplifters often work in pairs, with one creating a diversion to distract the shop assistants while the other steals the goods.The present armed clash on the border was a diversion to make people forget the internal difficult economic situation.13, have access(vt./n.) to: get access toThe house is in the central part of the town with good access to the shops.All the branches can access the data bank of the general office.As the state’s spokesman, he has special access to the press, radio, and TV, which he fully uses to accomplish his aims.[派生] accessible, inaccessible14, facility:设施sanitary卫生/ sports/ medical/ teaching/ shopping facilities 机器附件 a facility to produce speech as well as textcall-indication facility 来电显示器作业：引申去学习facilitate:物做主语，facile15,adjust: adjust…to…[派生] adjustable\ adjustment16, available: [派生] unavailable “人有没有空”要提示一下！eg: I’m available this afternoon.17,whatsoever: 无论怎样，否定和强调语气eg: T here is no evidence whatsoever to show that this is in fact the case. 18, delight: delightful/ delighteddelight in doing sth.take (great) delight in …(teasing little children)三，Reading One and Two in Unit 71,stiff: a piece of stiff cardboardmoustache is as stiff as a brush僵硬:feel stiff after a day’s travel手脚冷fingers are stiff with cold不自然，拘谨的a stiff smile, stiff manner,eg: She speaks stiff English.(形近) sniff:嗅/闻(习)as stiff as a poker生硬,刻板[派生]stiffen/ stiffness 2, impulse: [n.]冲动，一时的念头[派生] impulsivean impulse (to do…) flashed through meresist the impulse …do sth. on impulseeg: He felt an irresistible impulse to rush out of the office.[a.](定语) impulse buy/ purchase 一时心血来潮买下的东西3,coax: coax sb. to do/ into doing sth.4,desperate:desperate criminalsbe in a desperate state…危急状态there is a desperate shortage of…严重缺乏make a desperate attempt5,void: be void of sth.空缺，缺乏be void of common sensenull and void无效的eg: The contract was declared void ,not having been signed.(反义词)valid 比较：blank, empty, vacant6,my mind went blank/ I am blank/ I collected my senses.7, dumb: cannot speak哑的deaf, blindstupid文中就是play dumb 装聋作哑（补充）numb 麻木的，失去知觉的numb one’s sensedumbfound 令人惊呆的dumbstruck 令人惊讶地说不出话，呆了8, 要求归类各类哭声9，prolong: eg:They prolonged their visit by a few days.[派生]prolonged, prolongation10, fertility （人）生育能力[派生] fertile\ fertilize使…受精\ fertilizer eg:We have irrigated the soil area to make it fertile.11, survive [派生] survival12, gracious 亲切的，客气的，宽厚的eg: She has gracious manners and makes us feel at home.13, box one’s ears/ slap one’s face 扇…耳光box sb. on the ears/ slap sb. On the face14, in a smouldering temper 窝了一肚子的火Topic Three English Language Learning一，Structures in Unit 31, 第一个表格中器具的名称2, sponge cake3, cellar/ basement4, mow the lawn（比较）grassland:草原，草地，泛指meadow: 干草pasture: 放牧的草地prairie: (水美) 大草原5, cross-talk6, postpone/ put off/ delay （比较）cancel / call off二，Dialogue in Unit 41, get on one’s nerves: make people upset, nervouseg: The noise of the children playing the hide-and-seek got on the old man’s nerves.be all nerves(inf)勇气，胆量eg: You’ll need plenty of nerve to sit beside him when he is driving.eg: I don’t think he has the nerve to lie.2, make sense of: understand3, isolated: 孤立的feel isolatedeg: Under the present situation of globalization, no country can remain isolated.[派生] isolation4, focus on: center on, concentrate on5, count: eg: What counts is not what you say, but what you have done.eg: Every vote counts in an election.count sb. in/ count on sb.三，Dialogue in Unit 161, efficient: 人的能力，办事有效2，arrive at : agree on3, proficiency: [派生] proficient4, formula: 公式，套路，模式equation 等式5，precise: eg: To be precise, …确切的讲 a precise definition[派生] precision [adv.] precisely(补充) concise:简明的a concise speech/ summary6, come across: run into , bump into四, Reading One and Two in Unit 161, postpone: procrastinate\ delay\ put off doing2, (have) a tendency to/ toward :eg: There is a tendency toward late marriage among young people.tend to sth.3, deadline: before/ miss/ meet the deadline4, highly efficient:（人办事）高效的5，prompt: [派生] promptly = in timeanswer letters promptly/ deal with problems promptly/ be prompt in…[v.] prompt sb. to do…激起，促进eg: His evasive/ vague reply prompted me to ask him another question.eg:What prompt you to change your job?6, reasonable and realistic : 有理智的，现实的7, lenient: mercifulbe lenient with ourselves (反) be strict/ severe with ourselves8, fatigue: eg: We were all suffering from fatigue at the end of our journey.9, splash: splash water on/ over the floorsplash one’s money on…大肆挥霍10，fumble: touch or deal with sth. Awkwardly and nervouslyeg: She fumbled (about) in her pocket for some change/ the ticket.He fumbled with his notes and began to speak.11, stray: [a.] 走失的，迷失的stray sheep 迷失的羔羊 a stray dog [vi.] eg: Let’s walk hand in hand so as not to stray from each other.stray from the main point 偏题stray passers 寥寥几个行人12, stand in one’s shoes13, intense: extreme 强烈的，极度的（高强度）intense study/ heat/ pain on the back(比较) intensive 集约的，深入仔细的intensive reading/ preparation/ study of a subject(区别) extensive 广阔的，大量的[派生] intensity密度intensify14, transition: [派生] transitionaleg: The freshmen need a transitional period of two or three months for the new environment.transit from … to…Topic Four Travel一, Language structures in Unit 41, hesitantly 踌躇地，犹豫地[派生] hesitate2, fluently [派生] fluency3, extensively 广泛地，深远地intensively 集中地，强烈地4，rehearsal [派生] rehearse:eg: The actors has three weeks of rehearsal before the play opens.5, promote: sb. is promoted to account managereg: Exercises promote health.To promote more exchange and cooperation programs with other countries6, be excused from sth. 请假不来\be absent from sth. \ make up for sth. 弥补，补课7，consult an encyclopedia :consult sb: eg: The students consulted his tutor for information on how to choose courses.consult sth.: consult the map to make sure they are heading in the correct direction[派生] consultation \consultant\ consult with sb. =talk over sth. with sb.二，Dialogue One in Unit 21, a busy tourist season : 旅游旺季2, resort: a ski resort\ a seaside resort\ a holiday/ vacation resort[v.] eg: If order means fail , we shall resort to force.Eg: You should have resorted to your parents.3,(be in ) session eg: Access to these schools is restricted when school is in session. 4, scene 现场，景（具体的有人参与）country sceneseg: A crowd gathered around the scene of the accident.On the scene 在现场5，a narrow winding road: wind\ winding: following a curing course弯曲的山路winding mountain path小河蜿蜒地穿过山谷The river winds through a valley.eg: wind a bandage around one’s arm6, incidentally: [派生] incidental 附带的incidentals杂费三，Dialogue One in Unit 131, Fancy meet you here!2, renowned: famous, famed, widely known3, prosperous: eg: At no time has China been more prosperous that at present.[派生] prosperity （口译句型）4, spicy: spicy girl 掌握：酸甜苦辣咸辛5, inexhaustible: can not be entirely consumed or use upan inexhaustible supply of solar energyexhaust: ①用尽，疲惫，筋疲力尽 sb. is totally exhausted②[n.]废气exhaust/ exhaust fume 排气管exhaust pipe6,breathtaking: 惊险的 (inf.)兴奋的，太棒了！7，authentic:真正的，正宗的，有依据可信的authentic Chinese food / authentic paintingeg: He was there and saw what happened, so his account is authentic.(比较)genuine东西，货物（真品质）, real（real friends）, true (true love)fake:假造(欺骗 ) a fake diamond/ necklace/ antique/ goods counterfeit:false 假书，假货，假皮，假证件 a false passport/ proof/ statement8, parallel: ( 反) unparallel9, take it for granted10, prevail: popular:流行，盛行eg: Pop songs with traditional Chinese styles now prevail among young people.[v.]胜过，压倒eg: Truth is great and will prevail.At last justice has prevailed the guilty.四，Reading One in Unit 18 Book21,ornate and exquisite: delicate , dainty2, poignant: affecting one’s feeling deeplypoignant sorrow: 深深的悲伤a poignant memory 悲伤的回忆3，sparkle: ①flash: eg: There was a flash of lightening in the sky.②glitter: …..物体反射）明亮不定的光eg: The diamond ring on ger finger glittered in the light.③如火花短暂，耀眼sparkle of little dancing waves in the lakes(引申)炯炯有神的眼光sparkle of/ in her eyes4, vandal: （蓄意）破坏的人[派生] vandalism5, seize the throne 武力夺权Topic Five Interview and Hobby一，Structures in Unit 51, collapsible umbrella2, claim sth. 认领3，stamp album4, make up the classes5, chamber music6, orchestra7,bump : bump against ①a bumpy ride/ flight because of a lot of air turbulence ahead②eg: The traffic was bumper to bumper. bumper car二，Dialogue One in Unit 181, flop: [vi.]拍动，摇晃(inf.)彻底失败(f.)戏剧eg: Despite all the publicity, her latest novel was a complete flop.2, expressive: ①善于表达的，口才好的②有感想的,抒情的eg: I’d like to listen to an expressive piece of music when I have a day off work. 3, intonation4, faculty:才能;学院,系; 全体教师5, captivate: fascinate, attract6, pay off 带来好结果,有回报7, rack one’s brain to do 苦思苦想, 绞尽脑汁8, (eight weeks ) in a row continuously连续的eg: She has been voted Best Actress three times in a row.9, make a hit10, split one’s sides laughing /with laughter: 笑得前仰后合,捧腹大笑三, Dialogue One in Unit 61, amateur: unprofessional2, compliment:( 赞扬年轻和衣服)eg: One likes to hear compliments on one’s appearance.[vt.] compliment sb. on sth.( achievement)eg: Martin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his leaders.3, volunteer:[vi.] volunteer to do sth. [n.]志愿者主动说出eg: Firms rarely volunteer information about the shortcomings of their products.4, on every occasion: 在每一个场合下on the occasion of…值此之际5, rounds of applause 阵阵掌声 a big round of applause6, conscious: be conscious of (反)unconsciouseg: He was so involved in his work that he was not conscious of what was happening around him.He was badly hurt, but he still remaining conscious.7, proficiency: language/ English/ computer/ proficiency这份工作要求较高的计算机操作水平eg: The job requires high proficiency in operating a computer.[派生] proficient [a.] : be proficient in… a proficient driver我能用英语表达自己的观点,但不能说我已经精通这门语言.8,pursue: 忙于,从事,追求pursue one’s dream/ goal/ happiness/ fashion eg: He has been pursuing the scientific research for 30 years.[派生] pursuit [n.] in pursuit of happiness9, at…cost at whatever cost 不论付出任何代价eg: His success was achieved at the cost of sweat and suffering.四, Reading Two in Unit 61, original: [vi. /vt.] create, begin[vi.] eg: The bullfighting originated in Spain.The industrial revolution originated in the invention of steam engine.[vt.] 创造eg: The person who originated this type of research method deserves parise. originate an idea[派生] original\ originality2, pastime:在文中找近义词recreation, entertainment3, commemorative [派生] commemorateeg: Dragon Boat Day is to commemorate Quyuan.Hewes is built to commemorate those soldiers killed in the Anti-Japanese War. 4, feature: [vt.] be characterized by sth.eg: The city of Shenzhen features prosperous economy.Chinese cuisine(菜肴) features colour, taste, and smell.5, specimen a fossil specimen化石标本an insect specimeneg: The museum displays the specimen of an ancient coin.6, assembleReading One in Unit 61, impose: force, compeleg: Parents always impose their wishes/ opinions on children.Teachers impose pressure on students.impose heavy tax on bobacco and winesThe government imposes strict controls on the import of luxury goods.2, luxury live in luxury生活奢侈luxury goods/ car[派生] luxurious: extravaganteg: The interior of the hotel is grant, magnificent, luxurious.3, finance: offer money to support [派生] financial4, adhesive: [n./ a.] all-purpose adhesivebe adhesive to sth.adhesive to one’s view = stick to one’s view5, assure: assure sb. of sth. assure oneself of sth.6, abuse:[vt.] ①curse, scoldeg: The foreman abused the workmen with dirty words.②mistreat, ill-treatchild-abuse, animal abuse eg: Parents mustn’t abuse their children.eg: No officials should abuse his power.Drug abuse is now a social evil today.7, inaugurate: ①开创eg: The invention of computer inaugurates the information age.Shakespeare inaugurated the drama literature in Britain.Western exploration inaugurated a new era of economic prosperity in China.②总统就任eg: American presidents are always inaugurated on the January 20th.③(为建筑物或展览会)举行落成或开幕式[派生] inauguration\ inaugural inaugural address8, uniform school uniform校服统一的, not change, 整齐划一的eg: The earth turns round at6 a uniform speed.The rows of dormitory buildings are uniform in appearance.。