2020版高考英语(全国版)人教英语一轮复习：语法专题13 构词法
最新高考英语一轮复习课件语法专题13 构词法
语法专题十三 构词法
语法专题突破
核心考点 专项训练
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高考感悟
考点归纳
一二三四
合成方式 例词
v.-ing+n.
washing machine 洗衣机 writing desk 写字桌 running water 自来水 reading room 阅览室
accounts for about 30 percent of total
(globe) fertilizer
consumption.
global 此处修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption,其前需用形容词
修饰,故填global。
语法专题十三 构词法
语法专题突破
核心考点 专项训练
其他
output 产量 looker-on 旁观者 income 收入 get-together 聚会 breakfast 早餐
高考感悟
语法专题突破
语法专题十三 构词法
核心考点 专项训练
考点归纳
一二三四
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2.合成形容词
合成方式 n.+过去分词 n.+v.-ing adj.+n.
n.+adj.
7.(2015·福建改编)It was
(consider) of Michael to
inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
considerate 句意:迈克尔想得很周到,他通知我们他耽搁的事情,以
免我们担心。considerate“考虑周详的,体贴的”,本句应用了句型“It
2020版高考英语(人教·全国版)一轮复习学案语法第一部分第四讲词性转换(构词法)含解析
第四讲词性转换(构词法)英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。
合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词；转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性；派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。
前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。
将构词法置于此处讲解，一是对前面基础词法的汇总，二是为攻克后面的重难动词做铺垫。
[全析考法]单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：pollution decrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填名词pollution。
2．(2018·6月浙江高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems.解析：weight根据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate)．解析：education前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract)．解析：attraction此处作表语且前面由its top修饰，应该用attract的名词形式attraction，意为“吸引人之物，诱惑物”。
高考英语一轮复习专题十二构词法考点集训(含解析)
专题十二构词法【考点集训】一、单句填空1.(2020新高考Ⅰ,44)Historical(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.答案accuracy2.(2020课标全国Ⅱ,61)Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.答案celebration3.(2020课标全国Ⅲ,64)Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.答案curiosity4.(2019课标全国Ⅲ,66)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (pete) to watch, together with the story behind it.答案petition5.(2019浙江, 64)Other American studies showed no (connect) between uniforms and school performance.答案connection/connections6.(2019课标全国Ⅲ,67)They also shared with us many (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.答案traditional7.(2019北京, 10)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and (meaning) college experience.答案meaningful8.(2018课标全国Ⅱ,66)This switch has decreased (pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.答案pollution9.(2018浙江,64)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh)problems.答案weight10.(2018课标全国Ⅱ, 67)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe)fertilizer consumption.答案global11.(2018课标全国Ⅰ, 68)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.答案strengthen12.(2018课标全国Ⅲ,66)Im a (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.答案scientist13.(2018浙江, 62)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford)but doing this most days adds up.答案affordable14.(2017课标全国Ⅱ, 69)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.答案introduction15.(2017课标全国Ⅲ,66)She is determined to carry on with her (educate).答案education16.(2017课标全国Ⅰ, 69)However, be (care)not to go to extremes.答案careful17.(2017课标全国Ⅱ, 70)The Central London Railway was one of the most (success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.答案successful18.(2016课标全国Ⅰ, 61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract).答案attraction19.(2016课标全国Ⅱ, 62)Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feela real sense of (achieve).答案achievement20.(2016课标全国Ⅲ,68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.答案development二、语法填空When we read newspapers, we often e across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”. When we watch TV, we 1. (frequent) hear words like “NBA” or “PM ”. When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Byebye”. English words and 2. (express) like these are enjoying 3. (popular). They have already bee part of our 4. (day) language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Modern Chinese Dictionary.The inclusion has started a heated 5. (discuss). A group of scholars signed a letter of plaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an 6. (increase) number of English words but are also 7. (concern) that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others 8. (disapprove) of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will 9. (threat) the Chinese language. They believe the 10. (select) is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life.答案[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,介绍了对汉语词典收录英语词汇这一做法的两种观点。
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—构词法
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—构词法构词法基础及提高篇1. 构词法的三种构成形式。
2. 派生、转化及合成词的灵活使用。
英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。
一、合成：合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词。
合成形式主要有以下几种：1. 合成名词：名词+名词：postman, girlfriend, flowerbed, notebook形容词+名词：blackboard, supermarket, greenhouse名词+动词：daybreak, sunrise, breastfeed动词-ing形式+名词：reading room, washing machine名词+动词-ing形式：handwriting, papermaking动词+名词：pickpocket, workroom动词+副词：breakup其它形式：get-together, go-between, passer-by2. 合成形容词：形容词/ 数词+名词+ed：warm-hearted, five-storeyed名词+过去分词：home-made, hand-made名词+形容词：world-famous, ice-cool形容词/数词+名词：full-time, second-hand形容词+过去分词：newborn副词+分词：well-known, newly-built其它形式：face-to-face, evergreen3. 合成代词：代词宾格/物主代词+ self/selves：herself, ourselves某些不定代词some, any, every, no等+ body/one/thing：anyone, nothing4. 合成介词：介词+介词：throughout, within5. 合成副词：副词+名词：indoors, overhead, upstairs介词+名词：alongside, beforehand名词+形容词：sky-high副词+介词：nearby其它形式：meanwhile, headfirst6. 合成动词：副词+动词：overhear, overwork, underline名词+动词：moonwalk, sunbathe形容词+动词：whitewash, safeguard二、转化：转化是指一个单词的词形不经过任何变化而由一种词性转化为另一种词性。
2020版高考英语(全国版)人教英语语法专题13 构词法
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高考感悟
考点归纳
一
二
三
四
考点一
构词法的种类
构词 合成法 法
合成名词 合成形容词 合成副词 其他合成词
weekend,cowboy,sunlight part-time,first-class,good-looking someday,anywhere,however somebody,safeguard,without
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高考感悟
考点归纳
一
二
三
四
2.合成形容词
合成方式 n.+过去分词 n.+v.-ing adj.+n. n.+adj. num.+n. 例词 snow-covered 被雪覆盖的 man-made 人造的 peace-loving 爱好和平的 paper-making 造纸的 Chinese-speaking 讲汉语的 part-time 兼职的 full-time 全职的 ice-cool 冰冷的 snow-white 雪白的 worldwide 世界范围的 lifelong 终生的 grass-green 草绿 的 second-hand 二手的 first-class 一流的
语法专题十三
构词法
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高考感悟
考点归纳
1.(2018· 全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 2.(2018· 全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.
高考英语语法专题突破全国通用版(全解析)课件专题13构词法
解析：句中，stop是名词，应由形容词修饰；根据副 词的构词法规则可知，此处应将表示副词的后缀-ly去掉， 故改suddenly为sudden。
4．The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. ____ta_s_t_e_→_t_a_s_ty______________________________
常用的英语构词法 一、名词加后缀构成形容词
二、动词加后缀构成形容词
三、动词加后缀构成名词
四、名词加后缀构成相应意义的抽象名词
五、形容词加后缀构成副词
六、形容词加后缀构成名词
七、形容词加后缀构成动词(一)
八、形容词加前缀构成动词(二)
九、常见的表示特定含义的前缀
十、表示“人”的名词后缀
__7__ (surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; __8__， she won respect from the students.Over the years, she witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just __9__she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and __10__ (confident)．
Sally walked onto the platform, __4__ (pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！” All students stopped__5__ (look) at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3 ... In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them __6__the walls of the classroom.She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
(全国卷)2020届高考英语一轮复习 语法部分 第十二讲 构词法课件 新人教版
for
this
phenomenon
are
the
subject of a very heated discussion.
6．It's surprised what people will do for money.
答案：It's
surprised surprising
what people will do for money.
10．Dad and I were terrible worried.
答案：Dad and I were
terrible terribly
worried.
11．On the left-hand side of the class，I could easy see the football field.
答案：The
teachers
here
are
kind
and
helpfully helpful .They
are
not
only our teachers but also our friends.
15．No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even
disadvantages (advantage)． 11．He is a(an) dishonest (honest)boy，so many kids don't like to play with him.
12．It's impolite (polite)to talk with food in your mouth. 13．This afternoon there will be a(an) informal (formal) meeting before the ceremony. 14．It isunhappy (happy) to know you failed to make it. 15．Reading more can enrich (rich) your vocabulary. 16 ． Many overweight (weight)ladies are willing to keep themselves slim.
2020一轮英语人教·全国版课件：语法 第一部分 第四讲 词性转换(构词法)
相同形式的形容词 energetic 作表语。 2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts
for about 30 percent of total __g_lo_b_a_l__ (globe) fertilizer
consumption. 解析：此处和 total 一起修饰名词短语 fertilizer consumption，
解析：根据句意和结构可知，此处应该使用名词形式。
[谨记规则]
1．动词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
-ion/-tion/ -sion/-ation
correct→correction celebrate→celebration attract→attraction conclude→conclusion discuss→discussion decide→decision admit→admission invite→invitation explain→explanation graduate→graduation expect→expectation
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese
scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the __d_e_v_e_lo_p_m__e_n_t__ (develop) of chopsticks.
appear→appearance guide→guidance perform→performance exist→existence prefer→preference refer→reference
2020版高考英语一轮复习附录一构词法教师用书(PDF,含解析)
接受 ａｃｃｅｐｔ—ａｃｃｅｐｔａｎｃｅ
出现 / 外表 ａｐｐｅａｒ—ａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅ
履行 ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ—ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ
抵制 ｒｅｓｉｓｔ—ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ
指导 ｇｕｉｄｅ—ｇｕｉｄａｎｃｅ
进入 ｅｎｔｅｒ—ｅｎｔｒａｎｃｅ
保险 ｉｎｓｕｒｅ—ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ
帮助 ａｓｓｉｓｔ—ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ
挨饿 ｓｔａｒｖｅ—ｓｔａｒｖａｔｉｏｎ 组织 ｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅ—ｏｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ
文明 ｃｉｖｉｌｉｚｅ—ｃｉｖｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ 认识 ｒｅａｌｉｚｅ—ｒｅａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ
考试 ｅｘａｍｉｎｅ—ｅｘａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ
决定 ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅ—ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ
形成 ｆｏｒｍ—ｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
激发 / 灵感 ｉｎｓｐｉｒｅ—ｉｎｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ
放松 / 休闲 ｒｅｌａｘ—ｒｅｌａｘａｔｉｏｎ
交流 ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｅ—ｃቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
占用 / 职业 ｏｃｃｕｐｙ—ｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎ
满足 ｓａｔｉｓｆｙ—ｓａｔｉｓｆａｃｔｉｏｎ
申请 / 应用 ａｐｐｌｙ—ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
解释 / 定义 ｄｅｆｉｎｅ—ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ
保护 ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔ—ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ 方向 / 指导 ｄｉｒｅｃｔ—ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
指令 ｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔ—ｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ 建设 ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔ—ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ
注射 ｉｎｊｅｃｔ—ｉｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎ
感染 ｉｎｆｅｃｔ—ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ
定位 ｌｏｃａｔｅ—ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎ
指出 ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅ—ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
2020年新课改·人教版高考英语复习 构词法
返回
后缀
music→musical origin→original -al person→personal center→central nature→natural
例词 音乐的 最初的 个人的；私人的 中央的；中心的 自然的；天生的
返回
后缀 -ful
例词
doubt→doubtful forget→forgetful harm→harmful hope→hopeful peace→peaceful
虚弱；弱点 仁慈；好意 粗心大意
力气；强项 温暖；热情 诚实 困难 残酷；残暴 安全 无能；伤残 责任
返回
命题 点 感悟
返回
单句语法填空 ①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking
返回
⑤(2016·浙江 10 月高考)Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best ________ (perform) to this day. 解析：performance 根据前面的 show 可知此处需要填名词。 “这是 Great Jason's 迄今最好的表演”。
令人惊异的 令人信服的 令人满意的
返回
后缀
例词
-ible
access→accessible horror→horrible terror→terrible
容易取得的 可怕的；恐怖的 可怕的
act→active effect→effective -ive attract→attractive impress→impressive
新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类
新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN新课标高考英语重点语法范例第一周派生词在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。
此外，新考纲要求考生掌握 3 000多个英语单词。
因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。
一、名词后缀1．动词＋ion/tion /sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)correct v．改正；纠正correction n．改正celebrate v．庆祝celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会conclude v．完成；结束conclusion n．结论；结束2．动词＋er/or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)drive v．驾驶开车；驱赶driver n．司机；驾驶员gather v．聚集；采集gatherer n．收集者；采集者conduct v．指挥；管理conductor n．指挥；售票员3．动词＋ment→名词punish v．惩罚punishment n．惩罚4．动词/形容词＋th→名词warm adj.温暖的warmth n．温暖grow v．生长growth n．生长5．形容词＋y→名词difficult adj.困难的difficulty n．困难honest adj.诚实的honesty n．诚实6．形容词＋ness→名词kind adj.善良的kindness n．善良7．动词＋ance→名词annoy vt.使烦恼annoyance n．生气；烦恼8．-ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)member n．成员；会员membership n．会员资格professor n．教授professorship n．教授身份9．-ing结尾的名词garden n．花园gardening n．园艺greet v．打招呼；问候greetings n．问候[针对训练]语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)AFrom the 1.expression (express) on Mary’s face, he knew he left a bad 2.impression (impress) on her and if she won the 3.election (elect) to become chairman of the Environment anization (organize), he could not get her 5.permission(permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6.pollution (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better earth.When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got 7.inspiration (inspire) from his wife’s words.Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his 8.determination (determine) to work for the organization.“My dear, you are really a wonderful 9.helper (help)！I’m sure I will be the 10.winner (win) of the election.” He said to his wife excitedly.BIt was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United States.His 1.earnings (earn) could hardly cover the expenses, so when his wife gave 2.birth (bear) to their second daughter, they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon, poor nutrition caused the 3.death (die) of the poor baby.4.Loneliness (lonely) was another problem because they had no 5.relations (relate) or friends there.Thanks to his 6.bravery (brave) and 7.perseverance (persevere), he managed to gain the 8.citizenship (citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. settlement (settle)．He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to10.happiness (happy) and success.二、形容词后缀1．常见形容词后缀(1)名词＋al→形容词(表示“有……属性”，“与……有关”)agriculture n．农业agricultural adj.农业的(2)动词＋ive→形容词decide v．决定；下决心decisive adj.决定性的；关键的(3)动词＋able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)change v．变化；兑换changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的(4)名词＋ful→形容词care n．小心；关心careful adj.小心的；仔细的(5)名词＋less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)care n. 小心；关心careless adj.粗心的(6)名词＋ly→形容词friend n．朋友friendly adj.友好的(7)名词＋y→形容词dirt n．污物；脏物dirty adj.脏的(8)名词＋ous→形容词danger n．危险dangerous adj.危险的2．复合形容词的构成(1)形容词＋-ing分词easy-going 随和的(2)形容词＋名词＋-ed kind-hearted 善良的；好心的(3)名词＋-ed分词water-covered 被水覆盖的(4)副词＋-ed分词well-written 写得好的(5)数词＋名词＋-ed three-legged 三条腿的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线单词的意思1．It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck — of fate, really.(2012·四川高考阅读C)()2．The good working condition in this city is attractive.()3．You can rely on him because he is reliable.()4．Her words struck fear into her heart so that she was sleepless all night long, afraid of being killed unexpectedly some day.()5．It was a frosty cold morning when he set off for the remote village.()答案：1.不可思议的；难以置信的 2.吸引人的 3.可依赖的；靠得住的 4.没有睡觉的；不眠的 5.有霜的Ⅱ.语篇填空A：用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文Lucy likes talking and everybody says she is municative (communicate)．She is 2.active (act) in answering the teachers’questions and from time to time her classmates find her answers quite 3.impressive (impress) and 4.acceptable (accept). Of course, not every student likes her, but she has many friends who think Lucy is a 5.creative (create) and 6.helpful (help) girl.For example, she once led a 7. homeless (home) child to her home and made the child her younger sister.Besides, she spent 8.countless (count) hours caring for a sick neighbor until she was well again.She is 9.friendly (friend) to those who have difficulty with their subjects.All in all, Lucy is the most 10.famous (fame) girl in her school.B：运用所学构词知识完成下列短文Our journey was far-reaching amongst snow-covered/capped (雪封的) mountains where no English-speaking (说英语的) people live.The local people are good-looking (相貌好看的), easy-going (随和的) andhard-working (勤劳的)．Our hostess was old-aged (年老的)，white-haired (白发苍苍的) andsun-burnt (被太阳晒伤的)．She gave me home-made (自家做的) yaks milk cake, looking self-satisfied (自足的) as I enjoyed this rare treat although very well-known (著名) and wide-spread (广泛流传) around here.I was exhausted when I fell into the ready-made (准备好了的) bed she prepared for me.三、动词词缀1．前缀-en＋形容词→动词enrich v．丰富enlarge v．变大；增大；扩大2．形容词＋-en→动词shorten v．缩短widen v．加宽3．-fy结尾的动词simplify v．简化classify v．归类4．-ize结尾的动词realize v．认识到popularize v．普及[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线部分的意思1．Extracurricular activities enable the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.()2．The two countries are trying their best to normalize_their_relationship.()3.Some think that studying abroad can broaden_their_horizons.()4．You will horrify the baby if you speak too loudly.()答案：1.使能够 2.使关系正常化 3.拓宽视野 4.使惊惧Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1．Try your best to memorize (memory) these new words.2．The question must be simplified (simple) so that we can find out a solution to it.3．It costs a lot of money if we plan to purify (pure) the waste water.4．He quickened (quick) his steps to arrive home earlier.5．You can enlarge (large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.四、否定词缀1．表示否定意义的前缀un-不，非unable不能够unlucky 不幸的dis-不，非dishonest不诚实的discontinuous 不连贯的in-不，非inactive不活跃的incorrect 不正确的im-不，非impatient不耐烦的impossible不可能的ir-不，非irregular 不规则的irresponsible不负责任的il-不，非illogical 不合逻辑的illegal 非法的non-不，非nonexistent不存在的nonstop 直达的；连续不断的mis-错误mislead 误导misunderstand 误解dis-＋动词(意义相反)dislike不喜欢disagree 不同意un-＋动词(意义相反)uncover 揭开undress 脱衣服2．表示否定意义的后缀名词＋-less→否定意义的形容词use n. 用处；用途useless adj.无用的hope n. 希望hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的home n．家homeless adj.无家可归的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列短文，写出画线单词的意思A 1.misconception was that the high temperature caused the big fire.However, Miss Wang knew it was not the true story.So she insisted that the government should make the truth known to the public.When Miss Wang knew that her appeal was 2.disallowed,_ she felt rather 3.disappointed.She decided to 4.disclose the truth: it was human errors that were to blame for the terrible disaster.She wanted to tell the public about the coldness of some officials.She believed that the truth must be 5.uncovered now.1．____________ 2.____________ 3.____________4．____________ 5.____________答案：1.错误观念 2.驳回；不准许 3.失望的；沮丧的4．揭露 5.揭露；揭发Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)The speech seemed to be 1.nonstop (stop) and the listeners became very 2.impatient_ (patient)．When the speaker said that oil was 3.non-renewable (renew) and that the best way to solve the problem was not to make cars and buses to force people to go to work or school on foot, the audience thought it was 4.impractical_ (practice) and 5.unbearable_ (bear) to listen to him any longer.They 6.disbelieved_ (believe) that the world would go smoothly without these modern transportations.They also thought that the speaker was 7.irresponsible (responsible) to make such a statement without thinking it carefully and his speech would cause some 8.misunderstandings (understand)．So most of the listeners chose to leave, shouting loudly and angrily.五、正确使用派生词1．动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。
2020年新课改·人教版高考英语复习 构词法
专题十二构词法1．动词变名词的后缀[命题点感悟]单句语法填空①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：pollution decrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填名词pollution。
②(2018·浙江6月高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems.解析：weight根据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语。
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.解析：introduction根据空格前面的定冠词the可知此处需要填名词。
with the introduction of表示“随着……的引进”。
④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________(educate)．解析：education空格前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education。
⑤(2016·浙江10月高考)Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best ________ (perform) to this day.解析：performance根据前面的show可知此处需要填名词。
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派生形式 例词 impossible 不可能的 impolite 不礼貌的 imimpatient 不耐烦的 inactive 不活跃的 incorrect 不正确的 inincomplete 不完全的 kilokilogram 千克 kilometer 千米 mistake 错误 mislead 误导 mistreat 虐待 mis误用 multi-
3.possibility 句意:宇宙中其他行星上存在生命这种可能性一直激 励着科学家们去探索外部太空。根据前面的the可知,所填的词应 是名词形式。故填possibility。 4.especially 句意:突然停住可能是很吓人的经历,特别是如果你正 在高速行驶的时候。这里用副词修饰句子,强调尤其是在高速行驶 时。
v.↔adj. adj.↔adv.
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派生法
派生法就是给一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。 1.前缀
派生形式 例词 autobiography 自传 automobile 汽车 autoautomaker 汽车制造商 disable 使失去能力 disadvantage 缺点 disdisagree 不同意 enforeenable 使能够 enact 制定法律 enrich 使丰富 forearm 前臂 forecast 预报 forebear 祖先
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构词法的种类
构词 合成法 法
合成名词 合成形容词 合成副词 其他合成词
weekend,cowboy,sunlight part-time,first-class,good-looking someday,anywhere,however somebody,safeguard,without
5.adjustments 动词make之后应该接宾语,由于没有冠词,所以空格 处应该填写复数形式adjustments。句意:一些学校将不得不做出调 整,以适应国家足球改革。 6.personally 分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填副词并与through their companies构成并列状语。句意:他们亲自或通过公司向敬老 院捐款。
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合成方式 例词 num.+n.+adj. five-year-old 五岁的 200-meter-long 200 米长的 warm-hearted 热心的 kind-hearted 好心的 adj.+n.-ed middle-aged 中年的 ordinary-looking 相貌平平的 good-looking 好看 adj.+v.-ing 的 easy-going 随和的 well-known 著名的 ten-storeyed 10 层的 其他 face-to-face 面对面的
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5.(2015· 江苏改编)Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. 6.(2015· 安徽改编)They gave money to the old people’s home either (personal) or through their companies.
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4.其他合成词
合成方式 合成代词 合成动词 合成介词 例词 somebody 某个人 everything 一切 everybody 每个人 anyone 任何人 overwork(使)过度劳累 oversleep 睡过头 safeguard 保护,捍卫 whitewash 粉刷 overhear 偷听 inside 在……里边 outside 在……外面 within 在……范围内 without 没有 throughout 遍及
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合成方式 例词 washing machine 洗衣机 writing desk 写字桌 v.-ing+n. running water 自来水 reading room 阅览室 v.+n. cookbook 食谱 playground 操场 typewriter 打字机 supermarket 超市 blackboard 黑板 greenhouse 温 adj.+n. 室 freeway 高速公路 editor-in-chief 总编 father-in-law 岳父;公公 n.+in+n. mother-in-law 岳母;婆婆 output 产量 looker-on 旁观者 income 收入 其他 get-together 聚会 breakfast 早餐
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转化法
转化法就是一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变。
转化方法 例词 n.↔adj. n.↔v. final 决赛/最后的 light 光线/轻的 right 右边/对的 doubt 疑问/怀疑 taste 味道/尝 dress 连衣裙/穿衣 hand 手/递 watch 手表/观看 smell 气味/闻 book 书/预订 close 关上/近的 open 打开/开着的 slow 变慢/慢的 clean 打扫/干净的 wrong 冤枉/错误的 narrow 使变 窄/狭窄的 late 晚的/迟到 enough 足够的/足够地 hard 艰苦的/ 努力地
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合成法
合成法就是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。词与词之间有的用 连字符“-”连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的分开写。 1.合成名词
合成方式 例词 weekend 周末 woman doctor 女医生 seafood 海鲜 n.+n. boyfriend 男朋友 police officer 警官 cowboy 牛仔 mooncake 月饼 sunlight 阳光 chairman 主席 story-telling 讲故事 handwriting 书法 sightseeing 观 n.+v.-ing 光 shoe-making 鞋子制作 sunrise 日出 haircut 理发 toothpick 牙签 daybreak n.+v. 破晓
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名词↔形容词 名词↔动词 转化法 构词 法 动词↔形容词 形容词↔副词 前缀 派生法 后缀 混成法 缩略法 截短法 首字母缩略法
light 光线/轻的;right 右边/对的 taste 味道/尝;dress 连衣裙/穿衣 open 打开/开着的;clean 打扫/干净 的 late 晚的/迟到;hard 艰苦的/努力地 disable,impossible,nonstop changeable,childhood,friendship breakfast+lunch→ brunch laboratory →lab Gross Domestic Product →GDP
1.scientist 前面有冠词a,所以此处要用单数名词。且根据后面的 who可知,填scientist。 2.global 此处修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption,其前需用形容词 修饰,故填global。
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3.(2018· 天津改编)The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 4.(2016· 浙江改编)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, (especial) if you are travelling at high speed.
语法专题十三
构词法
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1.(2018· 全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 2.(2018· 全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.
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3.合成副词
合成方式 adj.+n. adv.+n. adj.+adv. 其他 例词 someday 某天 sometime 某个时间 overhead 在头上 downstairs 在楼下 indoors 在室内 outdoors 在户外 anywhere 任何地方 somewhere 某处 maybe 可能 however 然而
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7.(2015· 福建改编)It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. 8.(2015· 湖北改编)The girl used to be shy,but is (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself. 7.considerate 句意:迈克尔想得很周到,他通知我们他耽搁的事情, 以免我们担心。considerate“考虑周详的,体贴的”,本句应用了句型 “It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.某人想得很周到,做了……”。 8.gradually 分析句子结构可知此处需要副词gradually来修饰动词 短语“getting active”。句意:这个女孩过去很腼腆,但现在逐渐地积 极参加集体活动,也更乐意表达自己了。