浅谈with复合结构

浅谈with复合结构
作者：席祥
来源：《校园英语·下旬》2014年第10期
With 的复合结构在英语教学中应用较为广泛，其结构为 with +n +to do /doing /pp/adj /adv /prep-phrase S+v+o。

在教学中，不要只要求学生记住with复合结构部分，应该将后面的
S+v+O一起记住，因为with的复合结构只有在句子中才能有意义，并且易于记忆。

下面我们从六个方面进行具体的阐述：
一、with +n +to do S+v+o （做宾语补足语表将来）
Ican’t go out with a lot of work to do .
She can't go with all these clothes to wash.
They feels excited with many places to visit.
二、with +n+ doing S+v+o （表主动或进行）
She felt nervous with all the audience staring at her.
With winter coming on，it’s colder and colder.
The old woman left the house with water running all the time.
三、with +n+ pp S+v+o （宾语补足语表被动、完成）
The person was brought in with his hands tied.
They lay in bed with their faces covered.
With his homework done，he went out to play.
四、with+ n+ adj S+v+o（表示宾语处在某种状态或特征）
They often sleep with the windows open.
He was lying on the bed with the television on.
五、with +n+adv S+v+o（表示宾语的状态或特征）
The house looks more beautiful with all the lights on.
With our dad away，we've got more room.
六、with+n +prep-phrases S+v+o
He stood at the door，with a computer in his hand.
She was asleep with her head on her arms.
Mr Zhang came into the classroom with a book under his arm.
在教学过程中，我们可以把with的复合结构与独立主格、非谓语动词做状语一并来讲。

一、独立主格结构
with的复合结构中，将with去掉我们就可以把该句型结构变成独立主格结构：n+to do
/doing/pp/adj/adv/prep-phrases，S+v+o 。

独立主格结构中一般用“，”将独立主格部分与句子隔开。

之所以称之为独立主格是因为独立成分中，相对应的是句子主语，所以称之为独立主格，下面我们进行分别阐述：
1.n+to do ，s+v+o （不定式表将来动作）
A lot of work to do ，Ican’t go out with you .
A lot of trees and flowers to be grown，our city will look much more beautiful.
2.n+doing +o，s+v+o.（名词与doing之间表主动表进行）
Everyone being ready，our English teacher began her class.
My sister lay there，her hands trembling.
3.n +pp，s+v+o（n与pp之间存在被动、完成关系）
The task finished，we began our game.句子中the task 相对与we 独立。

Her hands crossed under her head，the little girl lay on her back.
4.n +adj，s+v+o （名词与adj之间表状态）
Mobile phones very small and useful，we can use them everywhere.
She heard that he failed in the exam ，her heart full of sadness.
5.n +adv，s+v+o（名词与adv之间表状态）
School over，I went home quickly.
They sat at the table，heads down.
6.n + prep-phrases ，s+v+o（表状态）
They left home，tears in eyes.
Nobody at home，the child went away.
二、状语结构
独立主格结构中去掉主格中的“n”则成为状语结构：1.doing +o，s+v+o；2.pp+o，s+v+o；
3.to do +o ，s+v+o ；
4.adj and adj，s+v+o；
5.adv，s+v+o；
6.prep-phrases，s+v+o.此结构中1、2、3实际就是非谓语动词做状语结构。

1.doing +o，s+v+o（分词的逻辑主语是句子主语，表主动、表进行。

）
Being ill，Tom didn’t come to school .
Listening to music ，he was studying .
2.pp+o，s+v+o（分词的逻辑主语与句子主语之间有被动关系）
Seen from the top of the hill，the city looked like a big garden.
Dressed in black，he looked handsome.
3.to do +o ，s+v+o（不定式做状语，通常表目的）
To save money，they tried every means.
To support his family，he only sold flowers door to door.
4.s+v+o ，adj and adj （形容词做状语，与主语构成隐形的系表关系，表状态）
He went home，tired and hungry.
They got home safe and sound.
5.adv，s+v+o（副词位于句首做状语）
Fortunately ，I won the game.
6.prep-phrases ，s+v+o（介词短语做状语）
In order to succeed，I work hard.
在实际教学过程中，我们把with的复合结构与独立主格结构、非谓语动词结构一并进行教学，使教学思路清晰，同时也便于学生记忆学习，收到了良好的教学效果。