专业英语摘要

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10英语摘要写作summary

abstract summary executive summary●abstract: a statement summarizing the important points of a text.（摘要）指面向专业读者的摘要，如学位文(dissertation)、学术刊物论文（journal paper）的摘要、学术会议论文（conference paper）的摘要及展示论文（poster）的摘要。

●summary（概要, 综述）一般指面向专业水平低一些的普通读者的摘要，读后能理解其大意、主要论点及新发现和见解等。

但有时abstract、summary也可互换。

如果正文前无abstract或executive summary，正文开始的第一段通常就是summary；如果前面有abstract，在短的论文中summary经常位于文章最后，功能相当于conclusion。

●executive summary（概要）通常指面向专业水平可能更低的公司、基金会决策人员的摘要，篇幅比abstract、summary长得多。

在正式项目报告中可以既有abstract，又有executive summary。

executive 在此指“执行官”“管理人员”“经理”等。

Summary Writing1.Accurate, clearly organized and clearly written2. A brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of the passage3.Indicate all the main points4.State their order and their emphasis5.For longer passages, important illustrations and examples should be included.6.Should not contain any of your own ideas, opinions, or conclusions.Length: no longer than one-quarter thelength of the original passageQualities of a summary:●Objectivity: No idea and judgment that are not the author’s should be included in thesummary.●Completeness: The summary should include every main idea in the article.●Balance: Giving equal attention to each main idea that the author stresses.Questions to judge a valid summary:a)Did I include all the important ideas?b)Did I omit all unnecessary words and phrases?c)Does the summary read smoothly?d)Would a reader of my summary who had not read the article get a clear idea of thearticle?How to write a summary?Here is a five-step process for writing summaries:1)Read the article carefully, try to understand it accurately and look for main ideas.2)Write a list of points in note form while reading the passage or the article.3)Connect your points to write a rough draft of the summary in your own words.Refer to the passage or the article only when you want to make sure of some points.Do not count the number of words until you have finished your rough draft.4)Revise the rough draft, inserting transitional words and phrases where necessary toensure coherence.5)Write a fair copy of the summary within the word limit after checking forgrammatical corrections, punctuation and spelling.Suggestions on writing summaries:1)Omitting the details2)Reducing the examples3)Simplifying the descriptions4)Eliminating all repetitions5)Using phrases instead of sentences or clauses while writing a list of the points6)Using the shortest possible transitionsbut, then, yet, for, thus7)Avoiding figurative language8)Putting the main points of a dialogue in indirect speechSummarize the following article:As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and although the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly thrown forward. At that moment, the air-hostess appeared. She looked very pale, but was quite calm. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she informed everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about the machines—o r at least how to drive a car. After a moment’s hesitation, a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot’s cabin.Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport below. The plane was now dangerously close to the ground, but to everyone’s relief, it soon began to climb. The man had to circle the airport several times in order to become familiar with the controls. But the danger had not yet passed. The terrible moment came when he had to land. Following instructions the man guided the plane towards the airfield. It shook violently as it touched the ground and then moved rapidly across the field, but after a long run it stopped safely. Outside, a crowd ofpeo ple who had been watching anxiously, rushed forward to congratulate the “pilot” on a perfect landing. (230 words)Making a list of main points:1.pilot fainted2.Air-hostess found a person3.Moved the pilot aside and listened to instructions.4.Plane flew low, climbed and circled the airport5.The man guided the plane--airport6.Touching ground, moved rapidly, stopped safely7.People rushed to congratulateWriting a rough draft:As there was something wrong with the plane, the passengers were thrown forward. At that moment, the air-hostess appeared and she looked for someone who could drive a car. Then, a passenger was led into the pilot’s cabin. When he moved the pilot aside, he sat down and listened to the urgent instructions which were being sent by radio from the airport below. Though the plane flew dangerously low, it soon climbed, and rounded the airport several times. Then, acting on instructions, the man guided the plane towards the airfield. On touching the ground, the plane moved rapidly until it stopped safely. After this, anxious people rushed forward to congratulate the “pilot” on a perfect landing. (116words)Making a fair copy:As the pilot fainted, the air-hostess managed to find a passenger to fly the plane. He followed instructions sent by radio from the airport below. The plane was flying dangerously low, but soon it began to climb and circle the airport. Acting on instructions, the man guided the plane toward the airfield. After touching the ground, the plane moved rapidly and stopped safely. People rushed to congratulate the “pilot” on the landing. (72 words)。

英语20篇摘要复述范文

英语20篇摘要复述范文I understand your request for 20 summaries of English articles, each with a minimum length of 1000 words, while not revealing the prompts used. However, providing 20 separate summaries of such length and adhering to specific requirements is beyond the scope of a single response. Additionally, it would be challenging to generate content without knowledge of the actual articles or prompts.Instead, I can provide you with a general template for how you can structure your summaries and offer guidance on how to approach this task. You can then use this template and guidance to create your own summaries based on the specific articles and prompts you have.Summary Template:1. Introduction (100-150 words):Briefly introduce the topic or theme of the article.Provide a general overview of the main points or arguments.2. Main Points/Arguments (600-700 words):Summarize each main point or argument from the article in your own words.Ensure that you cover all key ideas and information.You can organize this section based on the structure of the original article (e.g., chronological order, themes, etc.).3. Conclusion/Personal Thoughts (150-200 words):Provide a brief conclusion that sums up the main ideas from the article.Optionally, add your own thoughts or opinions on the topic.You can also mention any implications orapplications of the article's content.Guidance for Creating Summaries:Read the Article Carefully: Ensure that you fully understand the content and arguments of the article before attempting to summarize it.Focus on Key Points: Identify the most important and relevant points from the article and focus on summarizing those. Avoid including irrelevant or tangential information.Use Your Own Words: While referencing the article, strive to express the ideas and arguments in your own words. This helps to ensure that the summary is clear and concise.Maintain Objectivity: When providing your own thoughts or opinions, ensure that you maintain a balanced and objective tone. Avoid expressing extreme or subjective viewpoints.Check for Length: Monitor the length of your summary to ensure that it meets the required minimum of 1000 words. You can adjust the length of each section accordingly.Remember, creating summaries is a skill that requires practice and refinement. With time and experience, you will become more proficient at summarizing articles while maintaining their original meaning and context.。

英语摘要如何写范文

英语摘要如何写范文英文回答：An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper, thesis, or other academic work. It provides a brief overview of the work's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract is typically the first part of a research paper, and it is often used by readers to decide whether or not to read the full paper.There are many different styles of abstracts, but they all typically include the following information:Purpose: The purpose of the research paper is stated in the abstract. For example, the purpose of the study might be to investigate the effects of a new drug or to test a new theory.Methods: The methods used in the research paper are described in the abstract. For example, the methods mightinclude a survey, an experiment, or a literature review.Results: The results of the research paper are presented in the abstract. For example, the results might show that a new drug is effective or that a new theory is supported.Conclusions: The conclusions of the research paper are stated in the abstract. For example, the conclusion might be that a new drug should be approved for use or that a new theory should be accepted.The abstract is a very important part of a research paper, and it should be written carefully. The abstract should be clear, concise, and informative. It should also be accurate and objective.中文回答：摘要是研究论文、论文或其他学术作品的简短总结。

5.英文摘要的写法

Example 3 范例3 -指示性摘要
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时及其被动语态
This section highlights early electronics milestones that have made significant contributions to aerospace and defense. Today everyone thinks digital, whereas more than 50% of electronic advances since technology founding 50 years ago were in the analog or continuous domain. It is too easy to forget that before the 1970s and 1980s analog systems had been the norm.
thesis, review, conference proceeding or any in-depth
analysis of a particular subject or discipline, and is often
used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper‘s
purpose.
abstract 摘要 discipline 学科 ascertain 确定，弄清
article 期刊论文 thesis （学位）论文 review 评论
conference proceeding
会议论文集
摘要是对研究性论文、学位论文、学术评论、会议论文或任何特定领域和学科分析研究的一种简略的概述，并经常被用来使读者能够快速了解文章的意图。

英语论文摘要怎么写

英语论文摘要怎么写，并附上范例一则，希望对大家的英语论文摘要写作有所帮助。

英语专业本科毕业论文论文摘要格式中英文摘要对应，内容要基本保持一致;中文在前，英文在后。

字数为300-500字左右。

1.中文摘要①首行居中打印论文中文标题(宋体四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印摘要二字(宋体小四号加粗)，字间空一字符。

③摘要二字下空一行打印摘要内容(宋体小四号)。

④摘要内容后下空一行打印关键词三字(宋体小四号加粗)，其后接着打印关键词(3-7个，宋体小四号)，各关键词之间用逗号隔开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。

2.英文摘要①首行居中打印论文英文标题(Times New Roman四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印英文单词Abstract (Times New Roman 小四号加粗)。

③下空一行打印摘要内容(Times New Roman小四，1.5倍行距，两端对齐)④摘要内容后下空一行打印Key Words ( Times New Roman 小四号加粗)，其后接着打印关键词(3-7个关键词，Times New Roman小四号)。

除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写。

各关键词之间用分号隔开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。

⑤摘要正文各自然段首行空5个字符。

Self-Knowledge of Emma(空1行)Abstract(空1行)Emma lives in a quite simple environment. When she is a little child, her mother dies and she is spoiled by her father. Having such a background, Emma is dominant, aggressive and imaginative. After she experiences the two major affairs in her life----the relationship with Harriet and her emotion towards Mr. Knightley, she realizes her own faults and acquires self-knowledge of both moral faults and emotion.After Emma fails to be a match-maker of Harriet and Mr. Knightley, she comes to know that feelings can not be imagined and that she should not force her own idea on others mind. And this is the very beginning of Emma s self-knowledge.(空1行)Key Words: Emma; characters; match-making; self-knowledge范例：A Brief Discussion on Cultural Difference between Chinese and EnglishAbstractWord is the product of society,which is the history of mankind and which is the crystallization of history and culture.It embodied a nation's social consciousness from generation to generation, history, culture, and other areas all the features of human society. The essence of which is dependent because of their different cultural background, language background and traditional factors above. chinese and english are quite different.such as mode of living,values,atandard of behavior,formality,customs. Language is is both the carrier and the product of culture, the cultural enrichment of information is an important part ofculture, Language reflects the culture of development and changes, but also a direct reflection of the cultural differences.As we all know china and english has different cultural atmosphere .china has a long history and rich culture. English in the contemporary world political, economic, cultural and other fields to play with temporary no other language can replace the role of English in a number of countries in addition to the mother tongue but also as a second language or foreign language in common use in many countries. As a symbol system, English is a kind of language, on their use, in today's world there are all sorts of English and English is in fact the name of a simple terms, we can not hope that justice Literal It is a single, homogeneous phenomenon it is all around the world and under different circumstances the use of the many variants of the English pool. However, due to geographical, historical, cultural, and social customs of different factors such as the impact of today's visit to English furniture has evolved into a wider impact on the two variants of the worldwide English, which is British English and American English. With the development of their own language, their own characteristics of the formation, and there are differences between. In American English and British English, is concernedabout the characteristics of the norms word. In this paper, the British and American English in origin and development of a simple introduction, the United Kingdom and the United States in terms of language study and to explore differences in the two English-speaking characteristics and differences, the right to express and enrich the relevant knowledge of English, improve application English ability.Key word: dependent; culture; atmosphere中西方文化差异摘要词是社会的的结晶，是人类历史和文化的结晶。

学术英语摘要范文

Text 4Security Benefits of Cloud ComputingAbstract: Today, we can easily notice how the nature of the internet is changing from a place used to read web pages to an environment that allows the users to run software applications.Nowadays, with the development of web page ,the newest web page has up to web pages 3.0,also called the intelligent web ,which is the next stage of the internet evolution. the cloud means the internet .the term is derived from the way in which the internet is often represented into the network diagrams .the current cloud computing architecture involves the existence of the data centers that are able to provide services to the clients located al overthe world. the main advantages of the cloud computing are the following :there is no need to download or install a specific software and update the local system, users or clients don’t afraid to the computing crashing, because everything is stored into cloud .the cost is low or even free ,like mobile phone or PDAs. the cloud computing can be used .but everything has its short leg ,there are some disadvantages as well, like :it is hard to integrate with the existing in-house infrastructure .there are not enough major suppliers in this field and so on.Some major Security benefits for individuals or companies, like the following: centralizing data storage ,increasing uncertainty, virtualization allows a rapid replacement of compromised server located into the cloud without major costs or damages .Today ,the information infrastructure is moving faster to a simple but very innovative concept called cloud computing. the cloud computing is potentially able to offer major security benefits.Key words :security ,cloud computing, advantages, benefits云计算的安全优势摘要：今天，我们可以很容易发现如何在互联网的本质是从用于读取网页到一个环境，使用户能够运行应用软件的地方改变。

英语专业学术论文写作：摘要

英语专业学术论⽂写作：摘要学术论⽂写作：摘要⼀、摘要的写作⽬的和结构要素摘要简要地概述论⽂的内容, 拥有与正⽂同等量的主要信息，即不阅读全⽂，就能获得必要的信息。

其结构要素是：(1) 主题阐述（Topic specification）；(2) 研究⽬的陈述（Purpose statement）；(3) 理论指导（Theory/Perspective）(3) 研究⽅法(Methodology and Data)；(4) 研究结果/发现（Results/Findings）；(5) 研究结论/启⽰（Conclusions/Implications）。

练习1：就结构要素评析下⾯4个摘要（为判断⽅便，列汉语标题）Sample 11. Introduction2. Translation Activity in New Century2.1Definition and Purpose of Translation Activity2.2 Translation Activity under the Background of Cross-culture Communication2.2.1The Trend of Cross-culture Communication2.2.2 New Requirements for Translation Activity3. The Trend of Cross-culture Communication3.1 Definitions of Cultural Symbols3.2 The Formation of Characteristic Cultural Symbols3.3Main Categories of Cultural Symbols4. Strategy in Dealing with Cultural Symbols Translation4.1 Comparison between Domestication and Foreignization4.2 Nida Eugene. A and Dynamic Equivalence Translation4.3 Translation Studies School and Foreignization4.4 Two Strategies in Text Analysis5. Conclusion1. Introduction2. The Rhetorical Motivation in Trade Name2.1 Rational Needs and Rational Needs2.1.1 Rational Needs2.1.2 Emotional Needs2.2 Cultural Factors2.2.1 Ethnic Culture2.2.2 Regional Culture2.2.3 Religious Culture2.2.4 Culture of Place and Person3. The Rhetorical Approaches to Trade Name 3.1 Homophone3.1.1 Homophone in Chinese3.1.2 Homophone between Chinese and English 3.1.3 Homophone in English3.2 Onomatopoeia3.2.1 Emotional onomatopoeia3.2.2 Rational onomatopoeia3.3 Rhyme3.3.1 Alliteration3.3.2 The Ending of Lines of Verse3.3.3 Assonance3.4 Reduplicated Sound4. The Translation of Trade Names4.1 Transliteration4.2 Variant Translation4.3 Phonological and Semantic Combination5. Conclusion附：该论⽂⽬录CONTENTS1. Introduction1.1 Rational and Objective of the Study1.2 Organization of the Paper2.Theoretical Foundation of Verbal Irony Study: A Pragmatic Approach2.1 Description of Verbal Irony2.2 Gricean Perspectives—Irony as Conversational Implicature2.3 Post-Gricean perspective—Irony as Echoic Mentioning3. Verbal Irony and the Responses in Public Debate3.1 Assumptions and Expectations3.2 Introduction to American Public Presidential Debate (APPD) and the Debate Extract Analyzed3.3 Analysis Based on EMT4. Conclusion4.1 Findings in EMT Application—Uncertainty4.1.1 Uncertainty in Identifying Verbal Irony4.1.2 Uncertainty in Justifying the Working Mechanism4.2 Tentative Suggestion—Pragmatics with Lights from the Rhetorical Perspective 4.3 Last Remarks附：该论⽂⽬录CONTENTS1. Introduction1.1Rationale1.2 Literature Review1.3 The Organization of the Thesis2. Theoretical F oundations of D omestication and F oreignization2.1 Domestication and Foreignization2.1.1 Definitions of Domestication and Foreignization2.1.2 Functions of Domestication and Foreignization2.1.2.1 Function of Domestication2.1.2.2 Function of Foreignization2.2 Political News2.2.1 Definition of Political News2.2.2 The Stylistic Features of Political News and Translated PoliticalNews3. Domestication and F oreignization in the T ranslation of P olitical N ews3.1 The Uniqueness of Domestication and Foreignizationin the Translation of Political News3.2 Three Factors Influencing the Choice of Domestication and Foreignization3.2.1 The Translator’s Subjective Factors3.2.2 The Reader3.2.3 The Political Ideology3.3 The Balance of Domestication and Foreignization4. Conclusion⼆、内容的注意事项1. 不要写成⽂献综述（?Sample 1）, 也不要说⼈所共知的话(? sample 5)2. 以上结构要素要有具体内容，不要空洞练习2：下⽂是从语⽤顺应理论出发对商务信函写作（sample 5）和商标翻译(Sample 6) 进⾏的研究, 请你（1）删掉⽆关的内容，（2）核对结构要素，（3）并判断哪个内容具体。

2019年英文摘要的论文范文

英文摘要的论文范文有了英文摘要便方便了国际间的交流，取长补短，共同进步。

下面准备了几篇英文摘要的论文范文，欢迎欣赏!英文摘要的论文范文一Fortheviolationoflegitimaterightsandinterestsofconsumersava rietyofoffenses,howtoprovideforthecorrespondinglegalrespons ibilitiesandhowthelegalliabilitysystemreflectedthespecialpr otectionofconsumersshouldbe"ConsumerProtectionLaw"keysolved alegalissue.Tosolvethislegalproblem,itisnecessarytofurtherestablishareg ulatedmarketoperatingordertoprotectlegitimateinterestsofcon sumersandimprovingthelegalliabilitysystem.Ontheonehandistoestablishalegalsystemtheconceptofprotection ofconsumers;theotherhand,istoimproveconsumerprotectionlegalliabilitysys tem.对于侵犯消费者合法权益的各种违法行为，如何规定相应的法律责任以及在法律责任制度中如何体现对消费者的特别保护，应是《消费者权益保护法》重点解决好的一个法律问题。

要解决好这一法律性问题，就必须进一步建立起规范的市场经营秩序和完善保护消费者合法权益的法律责任制度。

一方面是建立消费者的法律体系保护观念;另一方面是完善消费者权益保护的法律责任制度。

英文摘要的论文范文二Titaniumore,electedfrommagiteorTitanmagite,iswidelyusedasth erawmaterialintheproductionoftitaniumdioxide.Titaniumqualit yanditsyieldconstraintsisoftenthebottleneckinthetitaniumind ustry.Thus,wecannotblindlyconsumealargeamountofcapitaltomaintaino rimproveitsqualityandyield.Thispapermakesanattempttoexplore sandoptimizethedevelopmentofthetitaniumindustry,throughinsi deandoutsideobservationandassociation.Inthispaper,flotation testsareconductedtoparetheoriginalpulptitaniumorewithPolyac rylamideandthatwithoutontheconcentrategradeyieldoftitaniumc oncentrates.Inthisprocess,theconsumptionofdrugs,therecoveryrateof,equip mentutilization,theamountandcostofpolyacrylamide(PAM)areall consideredtodeterminewhetheritisaptimizationprogramtoaddPol yacrylamidetotheoriginalflotationpulpoftitaniumore.Finally,wereachaconclusionthroughrelevantdata.Intheexperime ntalprocess,inprinciple,wedonotchangetheoriginalflotationprocessandtherelevantparam eters.Keywords:Titaniumore;Flotation;Polyacrylamide;quality;yield 英文摘要的论文范文三【ABSTRACT】Withthedeepeningoftheglobalization,newshasbeeanimportantpar tofinformationmunicationbetweendifferentcountries.WhetherEnglishnewstranslationisaccurateornotmaydirectlyaffe ctthequalityofourmunicationwithothercountries.InEnglishnews reportdiscourse,theuseofmetaphorexpressionsbeemoreandmore.DuetoEnglishnewsandotherstylisticdifferences,aswellastheEng lishandChineselanguages,ethnicdifferencesinideologyinthepro cessofcross-culturalmunication,makethetranslationofEnglishn ews,especiallyEnglishnewstranslationofmetaphorputforwardgreatch allengetotranslators.SohowtotranslatethemetaphorintheEnglis hnewsisthemutualconcernproblemfortranslationtheoristsandpra ctitionerstodiscuss,therefore,thispaperattemptstofromtheperspectiveofNida'sfunctionalequi valencetheorytodiscussthetranslationofmetaphorinEnglishnews .TheapplicationofmetaphorinEnglishnewsmakeseventsmoredistinc tandvivid,andalsomakeiteasierforEnglishreaderstoprehendandu nderstandthenewscontents.However,duetothedifferencesinEnglishandChineselanguages,the useofmetaphorsinEnglishnewsincreasesthedifficultyoftranslat ion.ThisarticleattemptsfromtheperspectiveofNida'sfunctionalequivalencetheorytodiscussthetranslationofmetaphorinEnglish news,inordertomakeChinesereadersbetterunderstandthesameresponsea ndsenseofbeautyandmeaningofmetaphorsinEnglishnewsastheorigi nalreaders.metaphorRhetoricisnotsimpleoftranslationintoChineseinEnglis hnewsfromtheliteraltransformation,althoughsomerhetoricorare totallythesameinformandcontent,whilethisisjustafew.ThereareculturaldifferencesinEnglishandChineselanguages,inf luencedbydifferentcultures.People'swayofthinkingandexpressi onhavedifferencesinevitably.Whenthetranslatorshouldfirstlyc onsciouslypondertheintentionoftheauthor,digthedeepmeaninghiddenbehindthemetaphorrhetoricofbackgroun d.Underthefunctionalequivalencetheoryregardthetranslatorast heguidance,conformtothelanguagehabitsofthetargetlanguagerea ders,makeChinesereaderscanbetterunderstandthetranslationofm etaphorinEnglishnews.KEYWORD：Englishnews;metaphor;functionalequivalencetheory;translation【中文摘要】随着全球化的深入，新闻成为不同国家之间交流的重要部分。

英语20篇摘要复述范文

英语20篇摘要复述范文英文回答：1. Summary: The article discusses the importance of empathy in communication and provides practical tips for developing empathetic communication skills.2. Rephrase: Empathy allows us to understand and share the feelings of others, leading to more effective and meaningful communication. Cultivating empathy involves actively listening, reflecting on perspectives, and expressing genuine concern.3. Summary: The article explores the benefits of gratitude and suggests ways to incorporate it into daily life.4. Rephrase: Expressing gratitude can foster happiness, strengthen relationships, and improve overall well-being. One can practice gratitude by keeping a gratitude journal,writing thank-you notes, and actively acknowledging the positive aspects of their lives.5. Summary: The article emphasizes the power of storytelling as a communication tool and provides guidance on effective storytelling techniques.6. Rephrase: Crafting compelling narratives can engage audiences, convey ideas, and foster emotional connections. Effective storytelling involves tailoring the story to the audience, using vivid imagery, and incorporating personal experiences.7. Summary: The article discusses the challenges of effective listening and offers strategies for improving listening skills.8. Rephrase: Active listening requires focus, attention, and the ability to understand both verbal and nonverbal cues. To improve listening, one should practice undivided attention, ask clarifying questions, and provide feedbackto demonstrate understanding.9. Summary: The article explores the concept of emotional intelligence and its role in enhancing communication skills.10. Rephrase: Developing emotional intelligence involves recognizing and managing one's own emotions as well as understanding and responding to the emotions of others. This skill facilitates effective communication by creating a positive emotional environment for dialogue.11. Summary: The article highlights the significance of nonverbal communication in conveying messages and building rapport.12. Rephrase: Nonverbal cues, such as body language, facial expressions, and eye contact, can communicate emotions, attitudes, and intentions more effectively than words alone. Understanding and deciphering nonverbal cues helps build rapport, foster trust, and facilitate clear communication.13. Summary: The article discusses the impact ofcultural differences on communication and providesstrategies for effective cross-cultural communication.14. Rephrase: Cultural factors, including norms, values, and communication styles, can influence the way messagesare conveyed and interpreted. To navigate cross-cultural communication, one should be aware of cultural differences, respect diverse perspectives, and adapt communicationstyles accordingly.15. Summary: The article emphasizes the importance of clarifying communication goals before engaging in any conversation.16. Rephrase: Establishing clear communication goals ensures that both parties have a shared understanding ofthe purpose of the conversation and what they hope to achieve from it. This helps focus the discussion, avoid misunderstandings, and set realistic expectations.17. Summary: The article discusses the role of feedbackin effective communication and provides guidelines for giving and receiving constructive criticism.18. Rephrase: Feedback is essential for growth and improvement in communication skills. To give constructive criticism effectively, focus on specific behaviors, provide clear and actionable advice, and maintain a positive and supportive tone. When receiving feedback, be receptive, seek clarification, and strive to use it to enhance communication abilities.19. Summary: The article highlights the importance of adapting communication styles to different audiences and situations.20. Rephrase: Tailoring communication to the audience and context ensures that messages are conveyed in a manner that resonates with the receiver. This involves considering factors such as age, culture, background, and communication preferences. By adapting communication styles, individuals can enhance their ability to connect with others and achieve effective communication outcomes.中文回答：1. 摘要，本文探讨同理心在沟通中的重要性，并提供了培养同理心沟通技巧的实用建议。

英文文章摘要怎么写.doc

英文文章摘要怎么写英文文章摘要怎么写?英文文章摘要范文【1】abstractthe joy luck clubis written by famous chinese american writer amy tan in the end of 1980s. it isabout the experience of four mothers immigrating fromchinaand their four american born daughtersliving in theunited states.this paper mainly discusses the application of mitchells womens estate in the joyluck club. based on the position of women in society and family, writerthoroughly analyzes the oppressions on women.the paper includes threechapters, t heory of “womens estate”, the position of women in the joy luck club and consciousness-raisingreflected in the joy luck club. accordingly, it is reveals that the oppressionsgiven by men on women in families are inevitable, only can women have theability to liberate themselves.keywords: women; families; oppressions; mitchells“womens estate”论文英文标题、摘要等的写法【2】1.英文题名(标题)1) 题名的结构。

毕业论文英语摘要

毕业论文英语摘要关于《毕业论文英语摘要》，是我们特意为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助。

AbstractDuring the foreign language-learning, reading comprehension plays an important role of the four basiclearning skills. It is not only one of the standards to evaluate （the）whether the proficiency of Englishcomprehension is high. In the 1970s, Flavell put forward the concept the meta-cognitive, which couldstimulate many of the researchers to do the research. And it is also a heated topic in the fields of psychology,pedagogic, and linguistics. Accomplishing the reading task, the reader need combine their knowledge withtextual knowledge in the process of the planning, monitoring and evaluating. During the process, Onlythereaders actively can plan,regulate and evaluate as well as adopt proper strategies can they tackle the readingproblems efficiently. Therefore, meta-cognition plays an important role in accomplishing the readingcomprehension for those English learners.Through one year teaching experience for college students majoring in Art for nationalities, the authorfinds out that the proficiency of English of Art major students has the common character that is poor in basicskills, low activity and bad attitude, etc. Furthermore, most of them in English learning have no plans, andthey even do not know how to learn effectively. Some of the results are concluded by the factor that is loss ofthe effective strategies, such as, meta-cognitive strategies and other learning strategies. Therefore, accordingto the condition, the author bases on the meta-cognitive theory and take the two classes students majoringArt in Art college in Grade 2012 of Northwest University for Nationalities for example. And the authorconducted the meta-cognitive strategies training on them and the training content includes planning,monitoring and evaluating strategies. Meanwhile, through the training program, some of the questions willbe asked and answered: 1）Can the implication of the Meta-cognitivestrategy training improve the attitudetoward English reading comprehension of Art major students in Nationalities? 2）Can the implication of themeta-cognitive strategies improve the proficiency of English learning comprehension of Art major studentsin Nationalities? During the research, the author also adopts the questionnaire and reading test to get the data,which are analyzed by the SPSS. 17.0. Seventy-five students majoring Art participate in the experiment. Afterthe comparison between the T-test and paired sample test of the pre-experiment questionnaire andpost-experiment questionnaire, it indicates that the meta-cognitive awareness and learning attitude of EC andCC have improved a lot, but as for the comparison between the EC and CC, their awareness meta-cognitivestrategies have no significant differences. Then these students are required to have the reading test. Thecomparison between the T-test and Paired sample test has proved that the English reading comprehensionproficiency of EC and CC have made big progress individually. However, the comparison between the ECand CC shows that they have no significant changes.Accordingly, the author can conclude that meta-cognitivestrategies have no significant differences forimproving the English reading comprehension of Art major students of Northwest University forNationalities. As for the above conclusion, we can indicate that meta-cognitive strategies are supposed to addto the class for Art major students little by little, because most of them are unsuccessful English learners. Ofcourse, the author suggests that teacher may teach a small part of students how to use the meta- cognitivestrategies, but the teacher should make sure that the proficiency of English reading comprehension of thesesmall part of students is best of the class. At last, the thesis talks about the reason why meta- cognitivestrategies have no significant differences for Art major students of Northwest University for Nationalities.Then the author also gives the limitations and suggestions for further study.AbstractIn recent years, the South China Sea issue has become a hottopic, escalatingfrom bilateral disputes into the current situation of “six countries and eight parties”.Therefore, the issue has raised many concerns from the international community.China-Vietnam dispute over the South China Sea is particularly noticeable. Associalist countries, China and Vietnam have deep historical relations between them.We can even say that the China-Vietnam relations enjoy unique advantages. However,Vietnam has occupied most of the Chinese islands and reefs in the South China Sea.Different from other claimants in the South China Sea issue, Vietnam has declaredclaim to the entire Spratly and Paracel Islands, playing a leading role in the SouthChina Sea issue.Given the important influence of Vietnam on the South China Sea issue and theuniqueness of their bilateral relations, the China-Vietnam dispute has become themost complex dispute in the South China Sea issue; meanwhile, it is also a good pointto make abreakthrough from so as to solve the South China Sea issue. China andVietnam have successfully solved through bilateral consultations and negotiations theland border issue left over from the history. We have reasons to look forward to thepeaceful settlement of their dispute over the South China Sea issue.From the current perspective, the differences between China and Vietnam arevery big, and the United States and other outside powers have never stopped theirinterference in the South China Sea issue. Therefore, it will be difficult for China tosafeguard national interests in the South China Sea by peaceful means while ensuringsmooth relations with Vietnam. However, with China's comprehensive nationalstrength growing, the cost of interference for powers outside the region in the SouthChina Sea issue will be increasingly high, and the change in the balance of power willalso be in favor of China.The option of military means contains lots of risks, while the option ofinternational arbitration is undesirable. On this occasion, the present study holds thatthere remains a possiblypragmatic solution. This needs the non-interference of theUS on the China-Vietnam dispute. If China wants to reach this goal, China shouldtake the benefit-sharing with US to some content into full consideration. On this basis,China could regain its sovereignty over the Nansha islands through joint development,transfer of some economic benefits, increasing economic influence on Vietnameseeconomy, and widening the power gaps, etc.If China and Vietnam could successfully solve their maritime dispute, it wouldbe a very positive example to the final solution to the South China Sea issue.ABSTRACTPronunciation is an important criterion to test English proficiency. As the backboneof English phonetics, super-segmental factors play a key role in communication,realizing the functions of disambiguating, conveying information and expressing thespeaker's attitude. This study focuses on super-segmentalfeatures of senior Englishmajors in a public university in Zhejiang Province by means of ToBI labeling. Twentyeight senior English majors and three native English speakers are required to read aloudand record the same material. Five target sentences are extracted from each participant'srecording and with the help of PRAAT, the pitch contours of these five target sentencesread by each participant are produced, and after that, ToBI labeling is conducted.The super-segmental features are studied from the perspectives of prominence,phrasing and tunes. Results indicate Aat: （1）EFL learners use prominence morefrequently, but the distinction between prominent words and unprominent words are notquite obvious,which may blur the focus of information. （2）EFL learners tend tosegment the utterance into smaller chunks with fewer words in shorter time. （3）EFLlearners tend to use various types of tunes in the utterance but level and falling tones aretwo commonly used tune types. The pitch range of their tunes is narrow, withoutobvious undulations. Possible causes are negative transfer from mother tongue Chineseand a lack of phonetic knowledge.Pedagogical suggestions are made to improve phonetic instructions, i.e., increasingstudents' phonetic awareness, particularly their awareness of super-segmental features,and applying visual software to phonetic instructions. Limitations of andrecommendations for further studies are also presented.ABSTRACTDegree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.With the aid of AntConc 3.4.lw and based on the corpora of FROWN （TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English），FLOB （The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English）and CLEC （Chinese Learner English Corpus），the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosodybetween Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc 3.4.lw is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.The study has some implications for English language teaching, vocabularylearning, as well as the textbook and dictionary compiling.。

英语摘要翻译13篇

1.为了研究电网电压跌落对永磁同步电机风电系统的影响,进行了实验室实验并构建永磁直驱风电系统的仿真模型,分别对永磁同步发电机和变流器进行控制,分析当电网电压跌落30% (2 s)、跌落50% (0. 5s)以及跌落85% (0. 2 s)三种情况时电机和变流器的运行情况。

实验结果和MA TLAB R2007a/SimuLink仿真结果表明,永磁同步发电机转速跟踪很好;发电机侧输出电流近似正弦;在电网电压跌落的同时还能对电网提供一定的无功支持,直驱式永磁同步电机风电系统具有较强的低电压穿越能力。

In order to study the influence of grid voltages dip on permanent magnet synchronous motor of wind power system, laboratory experiments and simulation system of direct-driven permanent wind power system were carried out, which were to control the permanent-magnet synchronous generator, commentator motor and analysis three operation conditions when grid voltages dip by 30% (2 seconds), 50% (0. 5 seconds) and 85% (0. 2 seconds). The result of experiment and simulinked by MA TLAB R2007a/SimuLink indicated that permanent-magnet synchronous generator speed tracked well current output from the generator-side approximated sinusoidal When the grid voltages dip, it could provide some of reactive power supporting. The direct-driven permanent-magnet synchronous generator of wind power system had a strong low-voltage penetration capability.2.风机变流器是风电机组实现低电压穿越的关键部件，其控制性能的提升有利于提高风电机组的低电压穿越能力。

理工科学术英语摘要(完整版)

Text1 How do computer hackers “get inside”a computerAbstract：Computer vulnerabilities are often utilized by hackers or crackers. The security of each computer is challenging. This paper firstly redefines the term “hacker”, “cracker” and “getting inside” the computers and describes the procedure in detail. The term “unauthorized user” (UU) will be a better choice for defining the insider group. The known and unknown vulnerabilities will be taken advantage of by UUs ranging from poor password protection to leaving a computer turned on and physically accessible to visitors in the office. The first step of employing technical exploits will be the determination of the specifications of the target system. There are two ways of attacking including being through capabilities inherent in hypertext transfer protocol (http) and being preprogrammed against specific vulnerabilities and launched without any specific target. The variability of hacking action including the weak system and the strong system warns the users to choose the right way to protect the computer and do not authorize the computer to others easily. Lastly, the solution of avoiding vulnerabilities has been given, including updating patches, making complex passwords, getting information only from the reliable websites or services, updatinganti-virus software and backing up the data to protect the computer not being hacked.摘要：计算机漏洞经常被黑客破解使用。

医学英语摘要写作

Longkeshuan Capsule
• Clinical Observation on Longkeshuan Capsule in Treatment of Stroke
• 动名词、介词短语参见教材P35
• (2) 句式
• 陈述式（无句号） • 学龄儿童反复腹痛与不能耐受乳糖有关
• Recurrent Abdominal Pain in School-aged Children Is Related to Lactose Intolerance
• 简介 • A brief introduction to… • 进展 • Development / Advancement of… • 评述 • A review of… • 回顾 • A retrospective study of… • 比较 • Comparison between…
副标题的应用
• Pancreatitis in SLE: A Case Report and Literature Review
• e. 提问或选择时 • 听诊器是潜在的医院感染源吗？ • Is stethoscope a potential source of hospital infection? • Stethoscope: A Potential Source of Hospital Infection?
• a. 突出病例数时 • 对急诊室170例腹痛病例的回顾性研究 • A Retrospective Study on 170 Cases of Abdominal Pain in
Emergency Room • Abdominal Pain in Emergency Room: Retrospective Study of

毕业论文英文摘要格式

毕业论文英文摘要格式毕业论文英文摘要格式一篇论文的摘要在本质上就是一篇浓缩的论文，它是作者对研究过程、研究目的、研究方法和研究结果的简要陈述和概括，其结构与论文的主体结构相对应。

格式：Abstract(“Abstract”一词用Times New Roman字体三号,加黑,居中。

)Thought of people as the center is the marrow of ourtraditional culture and the core of the theory of managing stateaffairs.It germinates in the early state of antiquity society and is based on patriarchal clan system.It is also a kind of value seeking for the realization of the ethic reason and moral justice.Its basic thinking is that the monarch is defined by people and conversely people are defined by the monarch. At first appearance, its purpose is to value people’s suffering, fate and interest on theruler’s position.However, its real intention is to fool the people soas to strengthen and co nsolidate the ruler’s rule.The theory of “people-oriented concept” includes nine topics such as “the theory of people is being the root of the monarch’s rule”, “the theory of people is being more valuable than the monarch”, “the theory of the monarch is being people’s servant” and so on.People –oriented means “value the people ” in essence, which sees “people” as its foundation of politics rule, ranking official,and administration.(正文字体为：Times New Roman字体，小四号，且行距为单倍或1.5倍。

英文文章摘要范文大全

英文文章摘要范文大全English Answer:Abstract 1。

This study investigates the impact of social media on mental health in young adults. A survey was conducted among 500 participants aged 18-25, examining their social media usage and psychological well-being. Results indicate a positive correlation between social media use and increased anxiety and depression symptoms. The findings suggest that excessive social media use can negatively affect mental health in this population.Abstract 2。

The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for reducing stress in healthcare professionals is explored in this paper. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 healthcare workers, comparing the effectiveness ofmindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and a control group. Participants in the MBSR group reported significant reductions in stress levels compared to the control group, demonstrating the potential of mindfulness interventions in improving mental health in demanding healthcare settings.Abstract 3。

化学专业英语摘要翻译6篇

Asymmetric C(sp)-C(sp2) bond formation to give enantiomerically enriched1,3-butadienyl-2-carbinols occurred through a homoallenylboration reaction between a 2,3-dienylboronic ester and aldehydes under the catalysis of a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA). A diverse range of enantiomerically enriched butadiene-substituted secondary alcohols with aryl,heterocyclic, and aliphatic substituents were synthesized in very high yield with high enantioselectivity. Preliminary density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the reaction proceeds via a cyclic six-membered chairlike transition state with essential hydrogen-bond activation in the allenereagent.The catalytic reaction was amenable to the gram-scale synthesis of a chiral alkylbutadienyl adduct, which was converted into an interesting optically pure compound bearing a benzo-fused spirocycliccyclopentenone framework.在手性磷酸（CPA）催化剂条件下，2,3-硼酸酯和醛通过反应生成了富对映体的1,3-丁二烯-2-甲醇，这里面含有不对称的碳（sp杂化）碳（sp2杂化）键。

论文英文摘要范文

英语论文摘要seems like we need to do some copy plus translation work.the differences in manners and customs between Chinese and western cultures.done. run your spell check please. I didnt pay any attention about spelling and the numbers of words while typing. add some words of your major couses.good luck and best wishes.求论文英文摘要Keywords: Awareness of their homes; Customs; Life forms; Value of life求毕业论文英文摘要,请大虾帮忙啊范文1. 碧绿的大海里，鱼儿在自由自在地遨游；蔚蓝的天空下，鸟儿在无拘无束地鸣唱，青翠的草地上，花儿在争先恐后地开放……整个世界，显得那么生机盎然！生命是什么，生命是风的轻盈岁月，生命是雨的淋漓尽致，生命是有着许多合音的交响，生命是有着一颗感恩而快乐的心，生命是能够每日快乐洋溢的幸福。

生命给予了我们无限多的东西，我们唯一能回报生命的只有珍爱生命。

我们要学会珍惜生命，理解生存的意义，善待自己，善待他人。

现代社会中，各种各样不珍惜生命的行为很多，比如犯罪，吸毒等等，许多同学对于毒品的危害认识不足，只是表面上知道毒品不好，但是会有多大危害呢？会产生什么样的后果不是很清楚。

现在许多同学对于生命没有一个完整正确的认识，不知道生命的含义，对于死亡没有基本的恐惧和严肃的态度。

往往因为一点小事，动不动就拿死来威胁，产生轻生的想法，甚至有一些同学真的去做，这种行为给社会和家庭带来了很大的损失，这是极不负责任的行为。

生物专业英语摘要作文

生物专业英语摘要作文Title: The Impact of Environmental Factors on Plant Growth: A Review。

Abstract:Plant growth is influenced by various environmental factors, including temperature, light, water, nutrients, and soil composition. Understanding the interactions between these factors is crucial for optimizingagricultural practices, enhancing crop yield, and addressing challenges such as climate change and food security. This review examines the effects of environmental factors on plant growth, focusing on their physiological mechanisms and practical implications.Temperature plays a pivotal role in determining plant growth and development. Different plant species exhibit specific temperature requirements for optimal growth, with deviations leading to physiological stress and reducedproductivity. High temperatures can accelerate metabolic processes but may also cause heat stress and damage cellular structures, while low temperatures can impair enzyme activity and inhibit growth. Plant responses to temperature variations involve complex signaling pathways and gene expression regulation, highlighting the need for adaptive strategies in agriculture to mitigate temperature-related stresses.Light availability and quality profoundly influence photosynthesis, the primary process driving plant growth. Plants have evolved diverse mechanisms to perceive and utilize light, including photoreceptors that respond to specific wavelengths. Light intensity, duration, and spectral composition affect plant morphology, flowering, and overall productivity. Understanding light requirements enables growers to optimize cultivation practices, such as adjusting light exposure in controlled environments or selecting suitable crops for specific light conditions.Water availability is critical for plant survival, as it serves as a solvent for nutrient uptake and maintainsturgor pressure in cells. Drought stress impairs water uptake and can lead to stomatal closure, reducing photosynthetic activity and growth rates. Conversely, excessive water can cause root suffocation and nutrient leaching, compromising plant health. Developing drought-tolerant cultivars and implementing water-efficient irrigation techniques are essential strategies for sustainable agriculture in water-limited environments.Nutrient availability is another key determinant of plant growth, as essential elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are required for various metabolic processes. Soil composition, pH, and microbial activity influence nutrient availability and uptake efficiency. Imbalances or deficiencies in nutrient supply can impair plant growth and render crops more susceptible to pests and diseases. Precision agriculture techniques, including soil testing and targeted fertilization, help optimize nutrient management and minimize environmental impacts.Soil composition and structure affect root development,nutrient retention, and water infiltration, thereby influencing plant growth dynamics. Soil degradation, erosion, and compaction pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity and ecosystem resilience. Conservation tillage, cover cropping, and organic amendments are practices that improve soil health and mitigate erosion risks, enhancing long-term sustainability in agriculture.In conclusion, environmental factors profoundly influence plant growth and agricultural productivity. By understanding the complex interactions between temperature, light, water, nutrients, and soil, growers can implement targeted strategies to optimize crop performance, conserve resources, and mitigate environmental risks. Advancements in research and technology will continue to drive innovation in sustainable agriculture, ensuring food security and environmental stewardship for future generations.Keywords: plant growth, environmental factors,temperature, light, water, nutrients, soil, agriculture, sustainability。