句子成分与句型

• I have nothing to eat. to do 不定式
• Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their
Biblioteka Baidu
names here.
从句
(六）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，
说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地点、时间、
原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
二）谓语由_动__词_/_动_词__短_语____担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动 词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。说明主语所做的动作或状态.动词有 着各种时态的变化
Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
• Mary is a beautiful girl.. 形容词 adj
• The play has three acts. 数词
• This is her first trip to Europe. 形容词 /序数词 /to do 不定式
• China is a developing country. 现在分词 doing
Exercise
• 他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。 H_e_d_r_o_v_e_s_o_f_a_s_t _th_a_t_h_e_b_r_o_k_e_t_h_e_tr_a_ff_ic__ru_l_e_s._.
• 他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。 H_e__to_o_k_o_u_t_a__b_e_er_a_n_d__d_ra_n_k_i_t _u_p_q_u_i_ck_l_y.____.
英语的句子成分：
一） 主语：是一个句子所叙述的主题，
Walls have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词 Three plus four equals seven. 数词 To see is to believe. to do不定式 Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
• 小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘 里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴.
Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.
T_h_e_b_i_rd_s__s_in_g_s_h_a_p_p_il_y_i_n_t_h_e_tr_e_e_, _th_e_f_is_h__ p_l_ay_s__fr_e_e_ly_i_n_the pool and I also enjoys
Exercises
• 你的故事听起来很有趣。 • Y_o_u_r_s_t_o_r_y_s_o_u_n_d_e_d_v_e_r_y_in_t_e_r_es_t_in_g_.________. • 把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。 • P__u_t _th_e_f_is_h__in_t_o_f_ri_d_g_e_, _o_r _th_e_y__w_il_l _g_o_b_a_d_._______. • 这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。 • _T_h_e_h_o_t_d_a_y_w__ill_r_e_m_a_i_n_/s_t_a_y/_k_e_e_p__a_fe_w__d_a_y_s_. ______. • 这个计划证明是可行的。 • T_h_e__p_la_n__tu_r_n_e_d_o_u_t_/p_r_o_v_e_d_（__to__b_e_) _p_r_a_ct_ic_a_l_. ______.
2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.
3）Few students like taking exams. 4）He forgot to close the door. 5）I hope I can speak English fluently.
myself.
• _________________________________
3．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思， 必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
这类动词叫做及物动词。
1）The boss employed five more workers. 主语 谓语 宾
• 他许诺给我一个礼物。 _H_e_p_r_o_m_is_e_d__to_g_i_v_e_m_e__a_g_i_ft_. ____________.
4. 特主点语：+谓整谓语的语动意+词思间必。接须这宾跟两语有个两+宾直个语接宾一宾语个语才是能动表作达的完直 接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常可改为
一个完整的句子做宾语， 那么这个句子叫宾语从句。
（四）表语 它的位置在_系__动__词_、__连__系__动_词__之后。是 用来说明主语的__特__征___,_状__态___, __性__质___的.
• My father is a professor.名词 n • Who's that? It's me.代词 pron • Everything here is expensive. 形容词 adj • The match became very exciting. adj • The story of my life may be of help to others. 介词短语 • Three times five is fifteen. 数词 • His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式 • My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
1）Our city is beautiful. 主语 系动词 表语
2）The city will become rich. 主语 系动词 表语
在这类结构中最常用的系动词是： _“__变__化_”__类__：___g_e_t_/ _b_e_c_o_m__e_/ _tu_r_n_/_g_ro_w__/g_o____________. _“_感__官__”_类__:____t_a_s_te_/_s_m__e_ll_/_f_e_e_l/_lo_o_k_/_s_o_u_n_d__________. “持续”类： stay/ keep/remain ___________________________________________. 其他：（似乎）_s_e_e_m___a_p_p_e_a_r___ (证明是)_tu_r_n__o_u_t/_p_rove(to be)
（三）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。 宾语一般放在______动__词_/_动_词之短后语。_____词 介 后也会跟宾语。
• She covered her face with her hands. 名词 n • We haven't seen her for a long time. 代词 pron • Do you mind opening the window? 动名词 • He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式 • We need to know what others are doing. 句子
基本句型一：Ｓ +Ｖ
（主＋谓）
基本句型二：Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋谓/系＋表）
基本句型三：Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四: Ｓ +Ｖ +InO +DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五: Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
1．主语 + 系动词 + 表语
特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必 须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语才能表达完整 的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。
• The best fish swim near the bottom. 地点状语 • I left the village five years ago. 时间状语 • I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语 • We'll send a car to fetch you. 目的状语 • The fish can eat a person in two minutes ,
2．主语 + 谓语
特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这 类1动）词Bu叫ildi做ng不ha及s s物ta动rte词d. ，后面可以 跟副词、介 词短语主、语状语谓从语句等。
2）The train leaves at 7:40. 主语 谓语
Exercise
• 我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子 上。
划出下列句中的表语 -- The old man was feeling very tired. -- The leaves have turned yellow. -- Soon They all became interested in the subject. -- My dream is that I can be admitted into a key university.
一个完整的句子做表语， 那么这个句子叫表语从句。
（五） 定语 是修饰_名__词.单词作定语时通常放
在它所修饰的名词之_前____；短语和从句作定 语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_后____。
• They are woman workers. 名词
• Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. 名词所有格
句子
• 常见的系动词有: • be(am,is,are,were,was), • look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound, • keep,stay,become,get,grow,come,go, • ….
The cake tastes nice. The water feels cold. These stories sound interesting.
一个完整的句子做状语， 那么这个句子叫状语从句。
I met my best friend at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓
↓
↓
主谓 定 宾
状
语语 语 语
语
句子可以由主语，谓语动词，表语，宾语，定语，状 语，直接和间接宾语，宾语补足语组成归纳成五种基 本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基 本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
划出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ③ How many new words did you learn last class? ④The old man sitting at the gate said that he was ill.
leaving only bones 结果状语 • The students came into the classroom,
singing and dancing. 伴随状语 • If he goes, so will I . 条件状语 • Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 让步状语
划出下列句中的状语 ① There was a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. ④ He began to learn English when he was eleven.