英语-1阅读
2020英语一阅读理解text1
2020英语一阅读理解text1英文回答：The passage discusses the impact of technology on our lives, specifically focusing on the negative effects it has on our mental health. It argues that while technology has made our lives more convenient, it has also led to increased stress, anxiety, and depression.One of the main points made in the passage is that technology has created a constant need for connectivity and instant gratification. With smartphones and social media, we are constantly bombarded with notifications, messages, and updates. This constant stream of information can be overwhelming and lead to a sense of always being "on" and never being able to truly disconnect or relax. For example, I personally feel a sense of anxiety when I see a large number of unread messages or notifications on my phone. This constant need to be connected can also lead to a fear of missing out (FOMO), as we are constantly exposed to thehighlights of other people's lives on social media. Thiscan create feelings of inadequacy and negatively impact our self-esteem.Another point made in the passage is that technologyhas also affected our ability to focus and concentrate.With the rise of multitasking and constant distractions,our attention spans have become shorter. We are constantly switching between tasks and being pulled in different directions, which can make it difficult to fully engage in any one activity. For instance, I often find myselfchecking my phone or browsing social media while trying to work or study, which significantly reduces my productivity. This constant state of distraction can also lead tofeelings of frustration and dissatisfaction.Furthermore, the passage highlights the impact of technology on our sleep patterns. The blue light emitted by screens can disrupt our natural sleep-wake cycle, making it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep. Many of us are guilty of using our smartphones or tablets right before bed, which can interfere with the production of melatonin, ahormone that regulates sleep. As a result, we may experience difficulty falling asleep, poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. I have personally experienced this firsthand, as I often find it difficult to fall asleepafter using my phone late at night.In conclusion, while technology has undoubtedly brought many benefits to our lives, it is important to recognize and address the negative impact it can have on our mental health. The constant need for connectivity, the impact on our ability to focus, and the disruption of our sleep patterns are all significant factors that can contribute to increased stress, anxiety, and depression. It is crucial to find a balance and establish healthy habits when it comes to our use of technology.中文回答：这篇文章讨论了科技对我们生活的影响，特别关注了它对我们的心理健康产生的负面影响。
英语阅读一参考答案
英语阅读一参考答案本参考答案旨在帮助学生更好地理解英语阅读材料，并提供可能的答案。
请注意，阅读材料的理解和答案可能因人而异，以下答案仅供参考。
Passage 1: The Benefits of Reading1. What is the main idea of the passage?- The main idea is that reading has numerous benefits for both mental and physical health.2. According to the passage, how does reading improve mental health?- Reading can reduce stress, improve empathy, and stimulate the brain, thereby improving mental health.3. What are the physical health benefits mentioned in the passage?- Reading can help improve sleep quality, slow down cognitive decline, and even reduce the risk of certain diseases.4. How does the passage suggest reading can be a form of escapism?- Reading allows individuals to immerse themselves in different worlds and experiences, providing a temporary escape from reality.5. What is the final point made by the author regarding the importance of reading?- The author emphasizes that reading should be a lifelong habit, as it offers continuous benefits regardless of age.Passage 2: The Impact of Technology on Education1. What is the primary focus of this passage?- The passage discusses the positive and negative impacts of technology on the education system.2. How does technology enhance the learning experience?- Technology provides access to a wealth of information, facilitates interactive learning, and personalizes education to suit individual needs.3. What are some of the concerns raised about the use of technology in classrooms?- Concerns include the potential for distraction, the digital divide, and the risk of students becoming overly reliant on technology.4. How does the passage suggest schools can address the challenges of integrating technology?- By providing training for teachers, ensuring equitable access to technology, and setting clear guidelines for its use.5. What is the conclusion of the passage regarding the role of technology in education?- The passage concludes that while technology has itschallenges, when used responsibly, it can significantly enhance the educational experience.Passage 3: The Importance of Cultural Diversity1. What is the central theme of this passage?- The central theme is the importance of culturaldiversity and its contribution to a richer and more inclusive society.2. How does the passage describe the benefits of cultural diversity?- The passage highlights benefits such as increased creativity, broader perspectives, and enhanced problem-solving abilities.3. What are some of the challenges associated with cultural diversity?- Challenges include potential misunderstandings, communication barriers, and the need for greater tolerance and acceptance.4. How can societies promote cultural diversity?- Societies can promote cultural diversity through education, cultural exchange programs, and by fostering an environment of respect and openness.5. What is the author's final message regarding cultural diversity?- The author's final message is that embracing cultural diversity is essential for the growth and development ofsocieties.Passage 4: Environmental Protection and Individual Responsibility1. What is the main argument presented in this passage?- The main argument is that environmental protection is a collective responsibility that requires individual actions.2. How does the passage illustrate the impact of individual actions on the environment?- The passage provides examples such as reducing waste, conserving energy, and supporting sustainable practices.3. What are some of the barriers to individual environmental responsibility?- Barriers include lack of awareness, convenience of unsustainable practices, and the perception that individual actions are insignificant.4. How can communities and governments support individual environmental responsibility?- By providing education, incentives for sustainable practices, and implementing policies that promote environmental protection.5. What is the conclusion of the passage regarding individual responsibility for the environment?- The conclusion is that every individual has a part to play in environmental protection, and collective efforts can lead to significant positive change.Passage 5: The Role of Sports in Personal Development1. What is the central message of this passage?- The central message is that sports play a crucial rolein personal development, teaching valuable life skills and promoting physical well-being.2. How does the passage discuss the physical benefits of sports?- The passage mentions improved physical fitness, enhanced cardiovascular health, and the prevention of obesity as physical benefits.3. What are some of the psychological benefits of sports participation?- The passage highlights improved self-esteem, stress reduction, and the development of resilience as psychological benefits.4. How does the passage suggest sports can contribute to social development?- By fostering teamwork, leadership skills, and social interaction, sports can contribute to social development.5. What is the final point made by the author about the importance of sports in personal development?- The author concludes that sports are an integral part of personal development, offering a holistic approach to health and well-being.Please note that these answers are intended to provide a general guide and may not cover all possible interpretations of the passages. Students are encouraged to engage with the texts critically and form their own insights and conclusions.。
考研英语一阅读真题及答案
考研英语一阅读真题及答案在考研英语一阅读部分，真题是进行备考准备的重要素材之一。
通过研究过去几年的考研英语一阅读真题，可以掌握大致的考点和题型，提高备战能力。
本文将为大家提供一些考研英语一阅读真题及答案的参考。
一、历年真题概述考研英语一阅读真题通常由三篇长文组成，涵盖不同领域的文章，如社会科学、自然科学、历史文化等。
每篇文章后都跟随几道问题，考查阅读理解以及相关语言点的运用。
二、真题示例及答案解析以下是某年考研英语一阅读真题及答案，供大家参考。
Passage 1:The British refer to it as climate change, while in America, it is commonly known as global warming. Regardless of its name, research on climate change has been a hot topic in recent years.According to a study conducted by British scientists, global warming is having a significant impact on the frequency and severity of storms. The study found that rising temperatures are causing more water to evaporate from the oceans, leading to an increase in storm intensity. This has already resulted in more frequent and severe hurricanes and typhoons in many partsof the world.Furthermore, the study also suggests that global warming may lead to an increase in droughts. As temperatures rise, the evaporation rate of moisture from the soil also increases, leading to drier conditions. This can have disastrous effects on agriculture and the availability of water resources.Question 1: According to the passage, how are rising temperatures affecting storms?A. They are causing more water to evaporate from the oceans.B. They are decreasing the severity of hurricanes and typhoons.C. They are reducing the frequency of storms.D. They are increasing the availability of water resources.答案解析：根据文章可知，升温导致了更多的水汽从海洋蒸发，这会导致风暴的强度增加。
2020考研英语一阅读text1
文本内容：As we all know, COVID-19, a novel coronavirus, has spread globally since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The impact of the virus has been widespread, leading to social, economic, and health-related disruptions across the world. In the midst of this global crisis, it is crucial for individuals to stay informed and take the necessary precautions to protect themselves and others from the virus.1. The Origins and Spread of COVID-19The COVID-19 virus, officially named SARS-CoV-2, is believed to have originated in bats and may have been transmitted to humans through another animal host at a seafood market in Wuhan. Since then, the virus has rapidly spread to other countries, leading to widespread outbreaks and a pandemic declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020.2. The Impact on Public HealthThe rapid spread of COVID-19 has placed immense str本人n on healthcare systems worldwide. Hospitals and medical facilities have faced challenges in providing adequate care for thoseinfected with the virus, leading to shortages of medical supplies, intensive care unit beds, and healthcare workers. Additionally, the virus has disproportionately affected vulnerable populations, including the elderly and individuals with underlying health conditions.3. Economic DisruptionsThe global economy has suffered significant disruptions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing measures have led to the closure of businesses, a rise in unemployment, and a decline in consumer spending. Governments have implemented various economic relief measures to support businesses and individuals impacted by the pandemic.4. Social and Behavioral ChangesThe pandemic has also brought about significant changes in societal behavior and norms. Practices such as wearing masks,m本人nt本人ning physical distance, and frequent handwashing have bemonplace to mitigate the spread of the virus. Additionally, many individuals have adapted to remote work and virtual forms of social interaction toply with public health guidelines.5. The Role of Science and ResearchEfforts tobat COVID-19 have been driven by scientific research and collaboration. The development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and diagnostic tests has been a priority for the global scientificmunity. Furthermore, researchers have worked to understand the transmission dynamics of the virus and its impact on human health, contributing to the development of public health strategies.6. The Importance of Education and AwarenessAmid the pandemic, educating the public about the virus and its prevention measures has been paramount. Public health authorities and organizations have disseminated information about COVID-19 through various channels, including websites, social media, and public service announcements. It is crucial for individuals to stay informed and adhere to public health guidelines to protect themselves and others.7. Looking Towards the FutureAs the world continues to grapple with the ongoing challenges posed by COVID-19, it is essential to rem本人n vigilant and united in our efforts to ovee the pandemic. Vaccination camp本人gns, continued research, and international collaboration will be crucial in mitigating the impact of the virus and preventing future outbreaks. It is important for individuals to rem本人n informed, adaptable, and resilient in the face of this global crisis.结语In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching consequences on public health, the economy, and societal behavior. It is imperative for individuals to stay informed, follow public health guidelines, and support efforts tobat the virus. By working together and rem本人ning resilient, we can ovee the challenges posed by COVID-19 and pave the way for a healthier and more secure future.。
英语一阅读2018-1 Text 4
2018-1Text41-The U.S.Postal Service(USPS)continues to bleed red ink.It reported a net loss of$5.6billion for fiscal2016,the10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue.Meanwhile,it has more than$120billion in unfunded liabilities,mostly for employee health and retirement costs.There are many reasons this formerly stable federal institution finds itself at the brink of bankruptcy.Fundamentally,the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product,first-class mail,and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.2-And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected.This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years,leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.3-Now comes word that everyone involved—Democrats,Republicans,the Postal Service,the unions and the system’s heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system.Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated$28.6billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles,among other survival measures.Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare.The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care,thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions.4-If it clears the House,this measure would still have to get through the Senate–where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare,bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat,not comprehensive reform.There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS,a major omission considering that personnel accounts for80percent of the agency’s costs.Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery.That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS$2billion per year.But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it,at least in the House.The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS.It is not,however,a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the21st century.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by_____.[A]its unbalanced budget.[B]its rigid management.[C]the cost for technical upgrading.[D]the withdrawal of bank support.37.According to Paragraph2,the USPS fails to modernize itself due to_____.[A]the interference from interest groups.[B]the inadequate funding from Congress.[C]the shrinking demand for postal service.[D]the incompetence of postal unions.38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by_____.[A]removing its burden of retiree health care.[B]making more investment in new vehicles.[C]adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph,the author seems to view legislators with_____.[A]respect.[B]tolerance.[C]discontent.[D]gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B]The Postal Service:Keep Away from My Cheese[C]The USPS:Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D]The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid。
考研英语阅读unit-1
Unit 1By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it.P art ADirections：Read the following texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D].Text 1Catneton Walker learned the hard way that sharing information online can have unintended conse-quences. In 2005, the sophomore at Fisher College in Boston organized a student petition dedicated to getting a campus police guard fired and posted it on the popular college social network Facebook. com. Walker wrote that the guard “loves to antagonize students.., and needs to be elimina ted.” It was a poor choice of words. Another student informed school officials, who logged on and interpreted the comments as threatening. Though Walker claimed he was trying only to expose the guard‟s demeanor, he was expelled. He‟s now enrolled at another college and admits he made a serious mistake. “I was a naive 21-year-old,” he says.Creating a page on a social-networking site is now a cherished form of self-expression at universities around the world. Students use ad-supported services like Facebook, MySpace, TagWorld and Bebo to make friends, plan their social lives and project their personalities. The most popular site among college students is Facebook, with more than 8 million members. A student‟s personal Facebook page is usually a revealing, dynamic chronicle of campus life—one clearly not meant for the eyes of parents, teachers or anyone else older than 25.But adults are taking notice. Sites like Facebook are accessible to nearly anyone willing to spend the time to gain access: teachers, school administrators, even potential employers and the police. Such online services can create the illusion of privacy where none actually exists. Facebook, in particular, was designed to emphasize privacy and intimacy. Only other users at your school (with the same college e-mail domain name), and those in networks you join, can see your home page. But determined off-campus visitors can persuade a student or alumnus to help them access the student‟s page.What happens when the identity you reveal to friends suddenly overwhelms the facade you present to grown-ups? The results can be awkward—or worse. Photos from drunken parties, recollections of sexual escapades, or threats—all these indiscretions, posted online, have gotten students suspended or expelled, or harmed job prospects. In a couple of decades, a presidential candidate may be called on to answer for a college misadventure that he or she impulsively detailed in a blog entry.Not all students want to temper their behavior. They point out that the Internet lets themexpress themselves and find like-minded souls. Still, adults aren‟t likely to stop prying any time soon. That means students who use Facebook and MySpace have a new burden. The Web may seem ephemeral, but what you casually post one night might just last a digital eternity. ‘While social networking represents a powerful tool for today’s students, they’re advised to be prudent. Even if they have no plans to run for president someday.1. Cameron Walker was dismissed because he[A] was caught posting threatening information online.[B] fighted with the campus police guard fiercely.[C] violated the rules when he created his own personal page.[D] he logged onto the school‟s official website without permission.2. What is the major problem with Facebook?[A] The information in it is shared too widely.[B] Teachers are allowed no access to it.[C] Its claimed privacy is only an illusion.[D] It annoys too many teachers and parents.3. Which of the following contents are you more likely to find at Facebook?[A] Virtuous conducts. [B] Pictures of drunken students.[C] Flattering language. [D] Lecture notes.4. Why do Students cherish the Internet?[A] They can practise their communicative skills.[B] They can communicate effectively with teachers.[C] They can reveal their feelings freely.[D] They compete for leadership.5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?[A] Creating personal web page is gaining popularity on campus.[B] Careless online postings can mean really big trouble to students.[C] Colleges take tough measures against invasion on personal privacy.[D] Undesirable online content should be made illegal and eliminated.Text 2Up to now, the main impact of technological change has been on long-distance calls. In the United States, where four nationwide fiber networks have been built in a decade, long-distance revenue per minute has halved during that period. Now other technologies are cutting the cost of the “local loop” — the connection between the nearest exchange and the subscriber‟s home. The connection is usually made with a twisted pair of copper wires, a technology unchanged for almost 120 years. As a rule of thumb, local distribution accounts for 80% of a net-work‟s costs. Peter Huber, a telecoms specialist based in Washington, DC, reckons that it costs around $1,200～$ 2,000 to connect a new customer with copper.Two less expensive and more flexible alternatives to copper have now become available. One is to run telephone services over the same system as cable television. A breakthrough in laser design in the late 1980‟s made it possible to send analogue television pictures along optical fibers. Since then cable systems, like telephone systems, have increasingly acquired backbones of opticalfiber. Adding telephony to an existing cable system usually costs much less than extending the copper-wire network.The trouble is that a cable-television system, like a telephone network, involves high fixed costs and passes homes that do not want it, as well as homes that do; So building one from scratch (as in Britain) is expensive. These problems are avoided by the other technological breakthrough：the use of wireless transmission. Its extraordinary flexibility and low cost will allow the development of a new kind of network or networks —competing directly with fixed wires. “Wireless is the answer to the local monopoly,” says Robert Pepper, head of the office of plans and policy at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States.“If local telecoms were to rebuild from scratch today, they would do so mostly with radio, at a cost of about $ 800 per subscriber,” says Peter Huber, Michael Kellogg and John Thorne in” The Geodesic Net work II,” a 1993 review of competition in the industry i n the United States. Mobile telephones will increasingly compete head-on with fixed systems. But the most important innovation is likely to be a digital wireless linked to a small fixed radio antenna in the home, which can make extraordinarily efficient use of the radio spectrum; unlike a mobile phone, the antenna is always tuned precisely to the correct base station.Such systems of wireless local access are now being developed by several companies including Hughes in the United States and Ionica in Britain, but are not yet in commercial use in OECD countries. Nevertheless, calculations by analysts, a British consultancy, bear out the enthusiasm of Mr. Huber and his colleagues for fixed wireless access as potentially the least expensive way to make the final link to the home.6. According to Para. 2, which of the following is true?[A] Fiber networks have been dramatically reduced.[B] Local calls are more expensive than long distance calls.[C] Fiber networks have brought about a reduction in costs for long-distance calls.[D] It is not so costly to connect a new customer with copper.7. One advantage of the wireless transmission over fixed wires is that it[A] enables subscribers to receive clearer digital signals.[B] allows one company to monopolize local transmission.[C] permits more competitors to set up new phone businesses.[D] makes digital transmission possible.8. The two technological breakthroughs in telecommunication mentioned are[A] copper wire network & cable television system.[B] cable-television system & wireless transmission.[C] wireless transmission & copper wire network.[D] fixed wires & radio network.9. It can be inferred from the passage that[A] wireless telecommunication holds great prospect for the future.[B] copper wire network will not be replaced by other types of networks.[C] both cable television systems & radio networks will be the goal people try to reach.[D] fixed wireless access is similar to mobile phones.10. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Impact of New Technology on Telecommunications.[B] Great Changes in Telecommunications.[C] Copper Wire Network vs Cable Television System.[D] Reduction in Cost of Long-distance Calls.Text 3For most of us, the work is the central, dominating factor of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on.Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others‟ working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar worker, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable — for themselves — by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority has little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.11. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that people judge others by[A] the type of work they do.[B] the condition in which they work.[C] the time they spend at work.[D] the standard of living they have12. According to the author, work is now[A] more important than it will be in the future.[B] less important than it will be in the future[C] important in deciding the satisfaction that life provides with.[D] offering less satisfaction than life used to provide with.13. What is needed to solve our industrial problems?[A] A decent and humane society.[B] Equality in taking the initiative.[C] A more equal distribution of responsibility.[D] A more tolerable working condition.14. What advantages do managers have over other workers?[A] They won‟t lose their jobs.[B] They get time off to attend courses.[C] They can work at whatever interests them.[D] They can make their own decisions.15. Why do working conditions generally remain bad?[A] Because managers don‟t regard them as intolerable.[B] Because managers cannot decide what to do about them.[C] Because managers see no need to change them.[D] Because managers don‟t want to take the decisionsText 4Forget all the talk about corporate culture. It’s time to analyze your company’s personality.Plenty of business gurus have argued for years that companies aren’t just boxes and bubbles on org-charts. Instead, they’ve argued, companies are more like biological organisms — living things that learn, evolve, and eventually die. Are you ready to take this biological worldview to the next level? According to marketing consultant Sanfdy Fekete, companies can best be understood when thought of as people —as unique creatures with their own value, their own personalities, and sometimes, if her clients really get into the spirit, their own names.“Most people assume that a company’s personality matches its CEO’s personality,”says Fekete, 43, founder of Fekete Company, a marketing-communications firm based in Columbus, Ohio.“But that’s not true. An organization has its own ways of being.”Fekete’s job is to help her clients understand their company’s personality —its strengths and its weaknesses. Her main tool is a 74-question diagnostic called, appropriately, “Companies Are People, Too.”So far, people in 63 organizations ranging from museums to construction firms to medical practices have put pen to paper to scrutinize their companies’ personalities.It may sound like psychobabble, but the idea behind the tool is fairly simple: An organization, like a person, has preferred ways of focusing energy, gathering information, making decision, and structuring work. Once people inside an organization understand those preferences, argues Fekete, they can do a better job of articulating their company’s identity and values, and they can figure out better ways to work and to communicate. Some of her clients even elect “keepers of the personality”—volunteers who make sure that their organization is clear about the attributes that it prizes.“Change comes from awareness,”Fekete says. “Once you figure out who you are, you can begin to differentiate yourself from your competitors.”Dixon Schwabl Advertising Inc., a fast-growing agency based in upstate New York, has actually undergone a personality change as a result of using the tool. After taking the test for the first time, the agency created a character, named Samm, to embody the company’s strengths andweaknesses. But a year later, after the agency worked on its weaknesses, Samm gave way to Jazzy. “Samm was too deadline-focused”, muses Lauren Dixon, 45, founder and president of Dixon Schwabl.“We’re still driven to meet our deadlines, but not at the risk of compromising the creative. We need a different character to personify who we had become.”Indeed, Dixon claims that Jazzy has not only helped her company better understand its values; the personality has also contributed to the firm’s phenomenal growth —from billings of $ 18 million in 1997 to $ 49 million in 2000.“In any situation,” she says, “We ask ourselves, …What would Jazzy do?‟”16. The analogy comparing a company to a biological organism implies that[A] companies can have strengths and weaknesses too.[B] companies are living, changing entities.[C] companies are made up of living individuals.[D] companies have lifespan just like humans.17. Once a company‟s personality is understood, what can it do?[A] begin to make changes to its personality.[B] have a basis by which to make important hiring decisions.[C] find ways to better its work and communication.[D] create a character to market this personality to the public.18. Sarnm and Jazzy are[A] elites who can improve Dixon Schwabl‟s personality.[B] employees who help Dixon Schwabl better understand its value.[C] qualities which empochy Dixon Schwabl’s[D] codes that have contributed to Dixon Schwabl’s growth.19. The example of Dixon Schwabl is cited to illustrate that[A] small agencies like Dixon Schwab l can have personalities as well.[B] awareness of a company’s personality can help it make improvements.[C] a company with a deadline-focused personality is unlikely to last long.[D] it is important to pick the right name for a company’s personality.20. According to the text, what‟s true about a company’s personality？[A] It matches its CEO’s personality.[B] It is a composite of its worker’s personalities.[C] It relates to how it likes to make decisions and structure work.[D] It can only be determined by taking the appropriate diagnostic test.Part BDirections: You are going to read a text about reading books. For Questions 21-25, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There aretwo extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.The greatest advantage of books does not always come from what we remember of them, but from their suggestiveness. 21. ___________________________. Books often excite thought in great writers, even upon entirely different subjects. We often find in books what we thought and felt, could we have expressed ourselves. Indeed, we get acquainted with ourselves in books. Wediscover one feature in Emerson, another lineament in Shakespeare, an expression in Homer, a glimpse of ourselves in Dante, and so on until we spell out our whole individuality. 22. _________________________________________.We form many of our opinions from our favorite books. The author whom we prefer is our most potent teacher; we look at the world through his eyes. If we habitually read books that are elevating in tone, pure in style, sound in reasoning, and keen in insight, our minds develop the same characteristics. 23. _________________________________.The best books are those which stir us up most and make us the most determined to do something and be something ourselves. The best books are those which lift us to a higher plane where we breathe a purer atmosphere. As we should associate with people who can inspire us to nobler deeds, so we should only read those books which have an uplifting power, and which stir us to make the most of ourselves and our opportunities.24. _____________________________________________.Furnish your house with books rather than unnecessary furniture, bric-a-brac, or even pictures if you cannot afford all. One of the most incongruous sights in the world is an elegant house with costly furniture, paintings of the masters, imported tapestries, statuary, costly carpets, extravagant frescoes, and yet with scarcely a standard work in the library.Wear threadbare clothes and patched shoes if necessary, but do not pinch or economize on books. 25. _______________________________________.Whatever you read, read with enthusiasm, with energy, read with the whole mind, if you would increase your mental stature. Learn to absorb the mental and the moral life of a book, and assimilate it into your life. He is the best reader who consumes the most knowledge and converts it into character. Mechanical readers remember words, the husks of things, but digest nothing. They cram their brains but starve their minds. If you are getting the most out of a book, you will feel a capacity for doing things which you never felt before.[A] Libraries are no longer a luxury, but a necessity. A home without books and periodicals andnewspapers is like a house without Windows. Children learn to read by being in the midst of books; they unconsciously absorb knowledge by handling them. No family can now afford to be without good reading.[B] Perhaps no other thing has such power to lift the poor out of his poverty, the wretched out ofhis misery, to make the burden-bearer forget his burden, the sick his suffering, the sorrower his grief, the downtrodden his degradation, as books.[C] If you cannot give your children an academic education you can place within their reach a fewgood books which will lift them above their surroundings, into respectability and honour. A college education, or its equivalent, and more is possible to the poorest boy or girl who has access to the necessary books.[D] If, on the contrary, we read weak or vicious books, our minds contract the faults and vices ofthe books. We cannot escape the influence of what we read any more than we can escape the influence of the air that we breathe.[E] A good book often serves as a match to light the dormant powder within us. There is explosivematerial enough in most of us if we can only reach it. A good book or a good friend often serves to wake up our latent possibilities.[F] We may be poor, socially ostracized, shut out from all personal association with the great andthe good, and yet be in the best society in the world, in books. We may live in palaces,converse with princes, be familiar with royalty, and associate with the greatest and noblest of all time.[G] True, we get many pleasing reflections of ourselves from friends, many mirrored deformitiesfrom our enemies, and a characteristic here and there from the world; but in a calm and unbiased way we find the most of ourselves, our strength, our weakness, our breadth, our limitations, our opinions, our tastes, our harmonies and discords, our poetic and prosaic qualities, in books.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours “sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours” wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. 26)The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is the question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. 27)This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. 28)She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.29)This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. 30)People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.做题点拨与全文翻译Part AText 1语境词汇1.sophomore n.大学二年级生2.petition n.请愿,；情愿书v.请求，恳求3.antagonize vt.敌对；对抗4.log on 登录5.demeanor n.行为；风度6.chronicle n.编年史7.intimacy n.隐私；亲密8.facade n.外表；正面9.escapade n.异常出轨的行为10.indiscretion n.不慎重；轻率11.ephemeral a.短暂的；短命的难句突破1. [In 2005], the sophomore (at Fisher College in Boston) organized a student petition (dedicated to getting a campus police guard fired) and posted it (on the popular college social network Facebook. com.)【分析】简单句。
考研英语一阅读理解真题大全
考研英语一阅读理解真题大全考研英语一阅读理解真题大全1Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots e for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. Abouthalf of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-ine jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — havearoused their interest, or soon will. The rich ownthe robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point outthat technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and plex munication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new panies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to bine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new panies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital ine and labor ine, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned ine tax credit should be expanded: This would boost ines, encourage work, reward panies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will belittle fort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are ing for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the ine gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.考研英语一阅读理解真题大全2TEXT 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted"kingsdon't abdicate, they die in their sleep." But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, doesthe Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeingits last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" polities and "embody" a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchy's continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficultto maintain the right image.While Europe's monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to e, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy's reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will e with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A]eased his relationship with his rivals.[B]used to enjoy high public support.[C]was unpopular among European royals.[D]ended his reign in embarrassment.22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly[A]to give voters more public figures to look up to.[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.[C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[B] Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobility's adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles[A]takes a tough line on political issues.[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[C]takes republicans as his potential allies.[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats[D]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs考研英语一阅读理解真题大全3Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 20XX. For the most part， the response has been favorable， to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini， a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise， however， is that Gilbert is paratively little known. Even Tommasini， who had advocated Gilbert‘s appointment in the Times， calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez， that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part， I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure， he performs an impressive variety of interesting positions， but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall， or anywhere else， to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf， or boot up my puter and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time， attention， and money of theart-loving public， classical instrumentalists must pete not only with opera houses， dance troupes，theater panies， and museums， but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap， available everywhere， and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‘s live performances; moreover，they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‘s own interest in new music has been widely noted： Alex Ross， aclassical-music critic， has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different， more vibran t organization.” Butwhat will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed， they must first change the relationship between America‘s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert‘s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text， which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic， the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.考研英语一阅读理解真题大全4Text 1In the 20XX film version of The Devil WearsPrada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows todepartments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-producedclothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introducedher ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 20XX has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, ittook Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion panies have madeefforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its greenConscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism mon to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] bat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.。
2021年考研英语一,阅读text1原文及逐句讲解
2021年考研英语一,阅读text1原文及逐句讲解2021年考研英语一阅读部分的Text1是一篇议论文，题目是'The Problem With Facts'。
下面是原文及逐句讲解。
原文：We live in an age of misinformation. Facts are dismissed, experts are distrusted, and conspiracy theories are embraced. In this climate, it is tempting to argue that facts don't matter anymore. But they do.逐句讲解：1. We live in an age of misinformation. （我们生活在一个信息误导的时代。
）- 这句话指出了我们现在所处的时代充斥着错误信息和误导信息。
2. Facts are dismissed, experts are distrusted, and conspiracy theories are embraced. （事实被忽视，专家受到怀疑，阴谋论被接受。
）- 这是在描述当今社会中的现象，人们对事实不再重视，不信任专家，而接受各种阴谋论。
3. In this climate, it is tempting to argue that facts don't matter anymore. （在这种氛围下，有人很容易认为事实不再重要。
） - 这句话指出了在当前的社会氛围下，人们很容易会认为事实已经不再重要。
4. But they do. （但实际上不是这样。
）- 这句话给出了作者的观点，认为事实仍然很重要。
上述原文讲述了我们生活在一个信息误导的时代，人们对事实不再重视，不信任专家，而接受各种阴谋论。
在这种情况下，有人可能会认为事实已经不再重要。
考研英语一阅读翻译完整版
考研英语一阅读翻译集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]T e x t1为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养”，英国财政部大臣GeorgeOsborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利，然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。
还有什么能比这个更合理？下面是更明显的合理性。
下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。
”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。
”帮助真的吗第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好，和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。
我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心，有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖，心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作。
但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系。
现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
历年英语一阅读真题考研
历年英语一阅读真题考研历年英语一阅读真题考研1Text 4It‘s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful， provocative magazine cover story，“I love My Children， I Hate My Life，” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a pletely fulfilling， life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable， Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness： instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy， we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard， Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock，as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom， or mom-to-be，smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation， is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn‘t seem quitefair， then， to pare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids，but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world： obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course， the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic， especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples， single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there， considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it， raising a kid on their “own” (read： with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It‘s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous： most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free， happiness-enhancing parenthoodaren‘t in some small， subconscious way contributingto our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience， in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4， the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]pensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.历年英语一阅读真题考研2Text4Two years ago. Rupert Murdoch's daughter, spoke at the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the mechanism"in society should beprofit and the market we the people who create the society we want, not profit."Driving her point home, she continued"It's increasingly absence of purpose，of a moral language with in government, could bee one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom." This same absence of moral purpose was wounding panies, such as International, she thought, making it more likely that it would fore had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding the predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge-the wide dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be thepoint person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today's world, it has bee normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any mon humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions-nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. Accordign to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B) panies' financial loss due to immoralpractices(C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that(A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.(B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.(C) Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.(D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes that Rebekah Brooks's defence(A) revealed a cunning personality.(B) centered on trivial issues.(C) was hardly convincing.(D) was part of a conspiracy.39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows(A) generally distorted values.(B) unfair wealth distribution.(C) a marginalized lifestyle.(D) a rigid moral code.40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.(B) Common humanity is central to news reporting.(C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.(D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.历年英语一阅读真题考研3Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 20XX, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in ahistoric squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insistingthat whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now es word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would e from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing plaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not prehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s co sts. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That mon-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postalspecial-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are gettingfrightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A]. its unbalanced budget.[B] .its rigid management.[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A]. the interference from interest groups.[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.[D] .the inpetence of postal unions.38.The long-standing plaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect.[B] tolerance.[C] discontent.[D] gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid历年英语一阅读真题考研4Text 4“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the truenature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 20XX, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences asking that it identify actionsthat could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and socialscientific scholarship and education."In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences, with Duke University President Richard Brodhead and retired Exelon CEO John Rowe as co-chairmen. Among the mission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies.To encourage innovation and petition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students'ability to solve problems and municate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. Thereport also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.One of the more novel ideas in the report is the creation of a "Culture Corps" in cities and town across America to "transmit humanistic and social scientific expertise from one generation to the next."Unfortunately, despite 2? years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The mission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for disseminating "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study whileportraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets, self-reliance and a distrust of central planning—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is theauthor’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant本篇文章选自华尔街日报。
(有答案)英语课外阅读-第一辑--1
A Morning in MaineWhat would you like to see if you traveled to Maine?1 "Cameron!"called Grandpa."Are you awake yet? It's almost eight o'clock. We're wasting the day!" Grandpa stood in the doorway. He wore faded blue jeans, a checkered shirt, and a big grin.2 "Grandpa," groaned Cameron, "it's the first day of my vacation. I never get up this early when I'm on vacation."3 "That's because you don't live in Maine," replied Grandpa, opening the shutters and letting the sun spill across the bed."There is so much to do here that you won't want to miss a thing. Besides, I'm making blueberry pancakes. If you don't get up soon, they may not last."4"Okay.The pancakes convinced me, Grandpa, "said Cameron, swinging his legs out of bed.5 "I had a feeling they might," Grandpa chuckled.6 Over blueberry pancakes with warm maple syrup, Cameron and Grandpa discussed their plans for the day."I'd like to do some exploring this morning," said Cameron, taking a gulp of milk. "Does that path next to the cabin go straight down to the beach? And how do you get to that little island with the pine trees? Do you think we could catch some fish for dinner?”7 Grandpa laughed."I thought there were a few things you might want to do today instead of sleep. Why don't we go for a walk on the beach after breakfast? Later, we can go fishing on the island."8 "Sounds good to me," said Cameron excitedly.Cameron and Grandpa did the dishes. Then, they put on some old sneakers and followed the sandy path to the beach. The air felt crisp and warm. There was not a cloud in the sky.10 Cameron was a few steps ahead of his grandfather. He stopped to look at a pool of water that had formed between some rocks."Look at this, Grandpa!" shouted Cameron. "It's like a miniature ocean."11 Cameron crouched down to get a better look. Grandpa peered over his shoulder.“There are so many little creatures in there," Cameron said."How did they get there?"12 "It's a tide pool, Cameron," said Grandpa. "You'Il see them all along this beach. They are my favorite thing to look for on my morning walks. You see, when the tide goes out, water gets caught in shallow pools. It's a pretty neat way to see a little slice of ocean life."13 Cameron nodded.“This is very cool," he said. "If we had stuff like this at home, I might actually want to get up early. I have a feeling this is going to be a great vacation!".Exercises:Write T before the sentences that are true. Write F before the sentences that are false.1._____Cameron is visiting his grandpa in Massachusetts.2._____Cameron wakes up before Grandpa does.3._____Grandpa makes blueberry pancakes for breakfast.4._____Cameron and Grandpa plan to go fishing in the afternoon.5._____Cameron and Grandpa have to drive to get to the beach.6._____Grandpa finds the tide pool before Cameron does7. Name one thing Cameron wants to do when he goes exploring.___________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the words from the story that have the meanings below.8. changed someone's mind(Par.4)___________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. talked about (Par.6)___________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.very small(Par.10)___________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.ocean water that moves in and out several times a day (Par.12)___________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.not deep (Par.12)___________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.This story is told in the (first-person,third-person) point of view._________________________________________________________________ 14. Do you think Cameron lives near a beach? Why or why not?________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案Write T before the sentences that are true. Write F before the sentences that are false.1. F2. F3. T4. T5.F6.F7. Name one thing Cameron wants to do when he goes exploring.follow the path to the beach, go to the little Island, catch fishWrite the words from the story that have the meanings below.8. changed someone's mindconvinced9. talked aboutdiscussed10. very smallminiature11.ocean water that moves in and out several times a daytide12. not deepshallow13.This story is told in the(first-person/third-person) point of view.14.Do you think Cameron lives near a beach? Why or why not?Possible answer: No, because he said if he had these kinds of things at home, he might want to get up early.。
2023考研英语一阅读理解Text1部分试题及答案解析
2023考研英语一阅读理解Text1部分试题及答案解析2023考研英语一阅读理解Text1部分试题及答案解析：Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy, who sympathises with views of the energy sector, is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These could emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy’s views. “They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.” says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit g roup that monitors public education, “What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship.”Such debates reflects fierce discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch, the centre’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught”, he says.Another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages–such as earth and space sciences in high schools–it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studies courses. Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.21. In Paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to ______.[A] forecast a policy shift in Texas schools[B] stress the consequences of climate change[C] indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting[D] draw the public’s attention to energy shortages22. What does Quinn think of Hardy?[A] She exaggerates the existing panic.[B] She denies the value of scientific work.[C] She shows no concern for pre-teens.[D] She expresses self-contradictory views.23. The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 indicates that ______.[A] climate education is insufficient at state public schools[B] policy makers have little drive for science education[C] Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks[D] environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US ______.[A] call for regular revision[B] require urgent application[C] have limited influence[D] cater to local needs25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools ______.[A] agree to major public demands[B] reflects teachers' personal bias[C] may misrepresent the energy sector[D] can be swayed by external forces答案解析：21.【答案】[C] indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting【解析】本题为细节题。
2023考研英语阅读真题 Text 1(英语一)
2023 Text 1（英语⼀）The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.德克萨斯州最近经历了极端⾼温，⾼前可能已经降温，但本⾼在奥斯汀举⾼的州教育委员会会议上⾼氛却⾼分热烈，因为官员们正在辩论如何在德克萨斯州的学校⾼教授⾼候变化。
Pat Hardy, who sympathized with views of the energy sector, is resisting the proposed change to science standards for pre-teen pupils.帕特·哈代赞同能源部⾼的观点，他抵制对前⾼少年期的学⾼的科学标准进⾼修改的建议。
These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.这将强调⾼类活动在最近⾼候变化中的⾼要地位，并⾼励讨论缓解（⾼候变化的）措施。
Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy's views.⾼多数科学家和专家强烈反对哈代的观点。
"They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion," says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the TexasFreedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education , "Whatmillions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by theof partisan board members , rather than facts and soundpolitical ideologyscholarship."监督公共教育的⾼营利组织德克萨斯⾼由⾼络的⾼级通信策略师丹·奎因说：“他们随意地将学者和科学家的职业⾼作视为另⾼种被误导的观点，数百万德州⾼童在公⾼学校学到的东⾼往往是由党派委员会成员的政治意识形态决定的，⾼⾼事实和正确的学术知识。
2020英语一阅读理解
2020英语一阅读理解2020年英语一阅读理解真题及答案如下：阅读理解A节Text 1原文：The Postal Service (USPS) has been a money-losing enterprise for the past 10 years, and it is facing a $12 billion dollar debt by the end of the decade. With the rise of e-commerce, package delivery has increased by 14% in the past three years, and USPS has had to adjust to this growing market while also facing budgetary constraints.题目：1. The primary purpose of the text is to _______.A. describe the history of the Postal ServiceB. discuss the challenges facing the Postal ServiceC. provide solutions to the financial problems of the Postal ServiceD. analyze the future development of e-commerce答案：B. discuss the challenges facing the Postal ServiceText 2原文：In his groundbreaking book “The Future of Work and Death,” Prof. Richard A. Settersten Jr., president of the Maxine D. Frankel Foundation, explores how technological change will affect the nature of work and the structure of the workforce in the coming decades.题目：2. The word “groundbreaking” in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.A. criticalB. innovativeC. importantD. significant答案：B. innovativeText 3原文：In the last two decades, hundreds of companies have been established to help consumers navigate the vast and complex online product landscape, from e-commerce aggregators like Amazon and eBay to niche marketplaces like Etsy and Pinterest. These companies have created user-friendly interfaces that allow customers to search for products based on specific needs or interests, such as price, brand, or even social causes. By filtering and presenting information effectively, these marketplaces have made online shopping more convenient and less overwhelming for customers.题目：3. The author suggests that online marketplaces _______.A. should provide more niche marketplaces for customers to choose fromB. should focus on creating a user-friendly interface for customersC. have failed to provide a satisfying shopping experience for customersD. have made online shopping overwhelming for most customers。
英语一阅读2015-1 Text 1
2015-1Text11-King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted”kings don’t abdicate,they die in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.So does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals,with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?2-The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.When public opinion is particularly polarized,as it was following the end of the Franco regime,monarchs can rise above”mere”politics and“embody”a spirit of national unity.3-It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’continuing popularity as heads of state.And so,the Middle East excepted,Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world,with10 kingdoms(not counting Vatican City and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia,most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.4-Even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside.Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be,their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.5-The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles,not horses(or helicopters).Even so,these are wealthy families who party with the international1%,and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.6-While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come,it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.7-It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary(ifwell-heeled)granny style.The danger will come with Charles.Who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.Charles ought to know that as English history shows,it is kings,not republicans,who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.。
考研英语一阅读及答案
Text 1（2010）Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their artscoverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a timewhen high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of themost significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaperreviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitablefor publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between theturn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish artscriticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it wastaken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events theycovered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like GeorgeBernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed injournalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains or literary gift enough to keep their ow n end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the ManchesterGuardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the-music critics, agame of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classicalstylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, thefirst music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings onmusic is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardu s’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistictastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholsteredVicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been inheadlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that __________.[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by __________.[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout. [D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2（2010）Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods.online payment system Merrill Lynch got legal protection for anAmazon com received one for its “one-click”asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lying a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents,which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that hasintellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use particularcase to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very bigdeal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate anentire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itselfthat introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent ona way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings,initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pints to specific types of onlinetransactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensivemove against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had beenissued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for grantingthem. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, evenas they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federalcircu it issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider”Bank ruling.The Federal Circu it’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme. Count thathas narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that toomany patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit ared C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor“reaction to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court” says Harolat Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of __________.[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.-face”(Line 1, Para 3) most probably means __________.28. The word “about[A] loss of good will [B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of disunity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents __________.[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing tread against business-method patentsText 3（2010）In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Aladuell argu es that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed,persuasive, or well connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actuallyspread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory：Information flows from the media to the influentials and fromcalled the “two-step flow of communication”them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just findand influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seemsto explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many suchcases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea thatonly certain special people can drive trends.In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have farbe required at all.less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don’t seem to The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception ofa few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey — whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, notinterpersonal, influence — even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with thatmany others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, aresupposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemicto occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do withthe initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential proveresistant, for example, the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of socialinfluence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variablesrelating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. They found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades”— the widespread propagation of influence through networks— is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to __________.[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials__________.-step-flow theory”32. The author suggests that the “two[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that __________.[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebritiea enjoy wide media attention__________.34. The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence [B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted [B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced [D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4（2010）Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have beentaking aim at someone else the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them toreport enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a thirdparty would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but theindependence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised.And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and moreflexibility in recognizing losses on long0term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what onecried out against those who “question our motives.”lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by managementEuropean ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) dolikewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when itcompletes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner,“in the real wor l d” and the Europe could yetwarned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” butdevelop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they arguethat market prices overstate losses, because they Largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not thelikely extent of b ad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which willnot sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successfulmarkets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that,cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility interests. But by giving in tocritics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to __________.[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets37. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in __________.[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system-term asset losses[C] the bank’s long[D] the weakening of its independence__________.38. According to Paragraph 4, M cCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A] keep away from political influences[B] evade the pressure from their peers[C] act on their own in rule-setting[D] take gradual measures in reformin that they __________.39. The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet”[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets40. The author’s attitudetowards standard-setters is one of __________.[A] satisfaction [B] skepticism [C] objectiveness [D] sympathy。
体验英语阅读-1
1.A bike for AlexOne day, Alex went next door to see her friend Hannah.Hannah was nine and Alex was six.“Come and see my new bike,” said Hannah.“My old one is too small for me now, and the brakes need fixing.”Hannah’s mum came out to see the girls. She looked at Alex, and she looked at the little bike.“Hannah’s little blue bike would be just right for you,” she said.“Your dad is good at fixing things. If he can fix the brakes, you can have the bike.”Alex was so pleased.Hannah helped Alex to push the little bike over to her place.Alex showed it to Mum.“You are lucky,” said Mum.“But let’s put it in the shed. I don’t want you to ride it if it’s not safe. Dad will have a good look at it as soon as he can.”The next day, when Alex got home from school, she ran to look in the shed.The bike was in bits all over the floor.“Oh, Dad!” she cried.“Can’t you fix it?”“I hope I can,” said Dad.“But you will just have to wait and see.”Alex didn’t feel very happy.She wanted a bike that she could ride.The next morning, Alex went to see if Dad had fixed the bike.But he had gone to work, and the door of the shed was locked.“I will have to wait all day for Dad to get home,” said Alex.When Dad got home from work, he opened the shed door.Then he came out with the bike.It was red now!“Oh, thanks, Dad,” said Alex.“It looks just like a new bike.”“I fixed it for you last night,” said Dad.“Now you can ride it.”“Hannah, Hannah!” called Alex.“Come and see my new bike.”2.N ew Glasses for Max“Grandad,” said Max.“I can’t see the words in my book.”“I will take you to the eye doctor.” said Grandad.The eye doctor looked into Max’s eyes.“I will have some glasses made for you,” she said.“They will be ready next week.”The next week, Max went to get his new glasses.He put them on.“I can read my book, now.” he said.“You can take your glasses to school in this little case.” smiled Grandad.One day, Grandad said, “Where are your glasses, Max?You can’t read your books without your glasses.”“I’m not going to take them to school anymore.” said Max .“A boy always laughs at me.”“Come over here,Max.” said Grandad.“and look in this old photo book.”“That is a photo of my dad.” said Max.“Yes,” said Grandad.“ In this photo he was six like you.”“Your dad had glasses, too.” said Grandad.“ You look like him, Max.”“My dad has got his glasses on in all the photos,” said Max.“Yes,” said Grandad.” He liked them.”Max went over to his toy box .“I hid my glasses in here,” he said.“I don’t care if that boy laughs at me.”“Jake is your best friend,” said Grandad,“and he does not laugh at you.”Max put his glasses on.Max looked in the mirror.“I do look like my dad.” he said.3.L ocked InAdam and his mum and dad loved budgies.They had blue ones and yellow ones, green ones and white ones. The budgies were in a big cage in the back garden.One day, Dad put a lock on the cage door.“This is a very good lock,” he said to Adam.“Now no one can open the cage and take the budgies away,” said Adam.The next day, Dad went out to the budgie cage.He had some food for the budgies.He opened the door with the key, and he went in.Dad left the key in the lock on the outside of the cage.Then the wind blew the door shut.Now Dad was locked inside, and the key was on the outside.“Oh , no!” he said.“Adam is at school and Mum is out.I’m stuck in here!”Adam came home on the school bus and ran inside.“Dad, I’m home!” he called. But Dad was not in the house.Adam ran outside to look for him.“Dad!” he shouted. “Where are you?”Dad called out to Adam.“Help!” he cried. “I’m locked in the budgie cage.”Adam ran over to the cage.“You do look funny, Dad.” said Adam.He stared to laugh and so did Dad.“Stop laughing and let me out,” said Dad.“You were right, Dad.” said Adam.“It was a very good lock.”4.P opcorn FunKatie and Joe looked at the rain running down the windows.“It’s going to rain all day,” said Joe.“Let’s make some popcorn!” said Mum.Katie and Joe jumped up.“Oh, yum!” they shouted. “Popcorn!”“Can we make popcorn balls?” said Joe.“Your hands will get all sticky,” said Mum.“But they are fun to make.”Mum put some yellow corn into the popcorn maker.The popcorn went round and round inside.Pop! Pop! Pop!“The popcorn is ready!” shouted Katie.Fat white popcorn came out of the popcorn maker and fell into the bowl on the table.Katie put her hands out to get some.“Don’t, Katie,” said Joe. “It’s hot!”Mum went to get some honey for the popcorn balls.“I will have to go next door to Sally’s place to get some more,” she said,looking in the honey pot.“I won’t be long.”Katie looked at the popcorn in the bowl.She took some and blew on it.Joe put his hand in the bowl and he took some ,too.They took some more and some more.Mum came back with the honey.“Where is the popcorn?” she said , looking at the bowl.Katie looked at Joe, and Joe looked at Katie.Mum laughed .“Come on ,you two.” she said.“Let’s start again.”5.C oco’s BellOne morning, Rosie looked out the window and she saw her cat ,Coco.He had a bird in his paws.Rosie ran outside into the garden.Coco! Let go! Let go! She cried .Coco let the bird go, and jumped away.But the bird stayed on the grass.Rosie ran to get the bird.She went inside with it and showed her dad.“ Coco got this bird .” she said.“I had to take it away from him .Its wing looks broken.”Her father went to find a box .He put an old towel inside it .Rosie put the bird down on the towel.They put some food and water in the box for the bird.“I will put the box up here where Coco can’t get it ,” said Dad.The next morning, Rosie looked in the box.The bird was dead.Rosie was very sad.“Dad, I love Coco, but I don’t want him to catch any more birds.” she said.“He will have to stay inside.”“Coco can’t stay inside all the time.” sai d Dad.“He has to run around outside.But we can help the birds.We can put a little bell on Coco.”“We can go to the shops and buy one, today,” said Rosie.After that, Coco did not catch any more birds!6.T he Classroom CaterpillarsOn Friday morning, Katie came to school with a caterpillar in a box. She had some leave in the box, too.Katie said to Miss Park, “I will look after this caterpillar.Can it stay in our room?”“My caterpillar likes eating swan plant leaves,” said Katie.Miss Park said, “Look under this leaf.Here are some little white eggs.Tiny caterpillars will come out of the eggs.”On Monday morning, Katie came to school with a swan plant in a pot. “Look!” she said to Anna.“Some little caterpillars have come out of the eggs!They can eat this swan plant, too.”All that week, and the next week, the tiny caterpillars nibbled at the swan plant leaves.The caterpillars got bigger and bigger and bigger!They nibbled more and more leaves!“Look at the plant now!” said Katie.“ The leaves have a ll gone!We have no more swan plants for them to eat.”“Oh, no!” said Anna.“The caterpillars are still hungry!”“Caterpillars will eat pumpkin,” said Miss Park.“I can get some pumpkin from home ,” said Katie.The little caterpillars liked eating the pumpkin .But Katie’s big caterpillar was not hungry any more .It was under a leaf.“My caterpillar is making it’s chrysalis.” said Katie.“It’s going to be a butterfly one day .”said Anna.7.M y towerMy tower is going up.My tower is going up and up.No. No. Down comes my tower. Here is my big red block..Here is my big blue block.My tower is going up.My tower is going up and up and up. My little red block goes here.My little blue block goes here.Look at my big tower.8.M y bookI’m looking for my book.My book is not here.Look!Here is my elephant.I’m looking for my book.My book is not up here.Look!Here is my monkey.I’m looking for my book.My book is not down here.Look!Here is my tiger.Look!Here is my book.Look at me.I can read my book.9.l ittle chimp and big chimp Little chimp is going up in the trees.Little chimp is going up and down.Big chimp is sleeping under the sun.Little chimp is going up and down,up and down. Little chimp is going up to a big tree.Oh,no.Down comes the little chimp.Big chimp wakes up.Big chimp is looking for the little chimp.Little chimp is up in the big tree.10.Sam’s race“Look at Sam.”Said mum.Sam was in the race.Sam looked at mum.Mum looked at Sam. “Mum,mum.Here I come.”Shutted Sam.Sam ran and ran.“Come on,Sam.”Shutted mum,”Come on.”“Oh,no.”said mum,”Look at Sam.”“Come on,Sam,”Said mum,”Come on.”Sam ran to mum,”Here I come.”Said Sam.“Good girl,Sam.”Said mum.。
英语一阅读2013-1 Text 2
4-On May31st Microsoft set off the row.It said that Internet Explorer10,the version due to appear with windows8,would have DNT as a default. 5-Advertisers are horrified.Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking is off it will stay off.Bob Liodice,the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers,says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.People will not get fewer ads,he says.“They’ll get less meaningful,less targeted ads.”6-It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,although some companies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.7-Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.After all,it has an ad business too,which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on advertising,it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google’s on that count before.Brendon Lynch,Microsoft’s chief privacy officer,blogged:“We believe consumers should have more control.”Could it really be that simple?。
考研阅读理解真题英语一
考研阅读理解真题英语一1Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August， his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses，he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision，” McGee says. Within two weeks， he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group， which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn‘t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure，executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold， deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter， CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had， according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up， opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：“I can‘t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven‘t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age， saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more a cceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it‘s safer to stay where you are，but that’s been fundamentally inverted，” says one headhunter. “The people who‘ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure， his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2，senior executives‘ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3， Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it‘s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs： Where to Go?[B]CEOs： All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers考研阅读理解真题英语一2TEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of "cloud computing." meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26.The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A]search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.[B]check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.[C]prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27.The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of[A]tolerance.[B]indifference.[C]disapproval.[D]cautiousness.28.The author believes that exploring one's phone content is comparable to[A]getting into one's residence.[B]handing one's historical records.[C]scanning one's correspondences.[D]going through one's wallet.29.In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A]principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B]the court is giving police less room for action.[C]phones are used to store sensitive information.[D]citizens' privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)California's argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.考研阅读理解真题英语一3Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disappro ve of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” th e survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engage ment.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26.According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on[A]the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B]people’s preference for social media platforms.[C]the administrations ability to handle information.[D]social media was a reliable source of news.27.The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A]sharpen[B]define[C]boast[D]share28.According to the knight foundation survey, young people[A]tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B]verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C]have s strong sense of responsibility.[D]like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29.The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A]readers outdated values.[B]journalists’ biased reporting[C]readers’ misinterpretation[D]journalists’ made-up stories.30.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B]A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C]The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D]The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.考研阅读理解真题英语一4Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and toemploy professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficie ncy. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.答案：D。
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Yet the waves, no matter how big or how violent, affect only the surface of the sea. During most raging storms, the water a hundred fathoms（600 feet） beneath the surface is just as calm as on a day without a breath of wind.
There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.
C. to begin by learning its body language D. to visit a country where English is spoken
Very high waves are destructive when they strike the land. Fortuately, this seldom happens. One reason is that out at sea, waves moving in one direction almost always run into waves moving in a different direction. The two sets of waves tend to cancel each other out. Another reason is that water is shallower near the shore. As a wave gets closer to land, the shallow bottom helps reduce its strength.
Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream, Scientists who study sleep state say that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly （although your eyelids are closed）. This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands rapid eye movement.
But the power of waves striking the shore can still be very great. During a winter gale, waves sometimes strike the shore with the force of 6,000 pounds for each square foot. That means a wave, 25 feet high and 500 feet along its face, may strike the shore with a force of 75 million pounds.
Text of Hillary Commercial:
First she became a lawyer, named one of the top hundred in America.
Her first cause was children, fighting abuse and chairing the board of the Chil题: A good title for this passage is____.--A
A. sleep B. good health C. dreams D. work and rest
Languages are marvelously complex and wonderfully complicated organs of culture: they embody the quickest and the most efficient means of communicating within their respective culture; in the words of a poet and philosopher,“ As many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives”. A culture and its languages are as inseparable as brain and body; while one is a part of the other, neither can function without the other. In learning a foreign language, the best beginning is with the non-verbal linguistic elements of the language, its gestures, its body language. Eye contact is extremely important in English. Direct eye contact leads to understanding, or, as the English maxim has it, seeing eye-to-eye. We can never see eye-to-eye with a native speaker of English until we have learned to look directly into his eyes.
问题: According to this passage, the best way to learn a foreign language is____.--C
A. to read the works of poets and philosophers B. to find a native speaker and look directly into his eyes
Mrs. Clinton has previously aired radio ads, but has generally stayed with a strategy of making extensive campaign appearances instead of using television spots, while Giuliani has already run statewide TV ads.
As New York's senator, she'll fight for better schools and heath care for children.
Hillary, Put her to work for all of us.
1. What does the word “air” in the first sentence mean?--D
Her first priority was public schools, helping to establish teacher testing.
More than a first lady. For 30 years, she's fought for children and families.
B. A submarine commander navigating his vessel at a depth of 700 feet will not be affected by a raging surface storm.
C. A typhoon 500 miles out at sea can stir up the ocean bed.
例：After a hectic day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day .The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.
If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!