职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-57

职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-571、Singing Alarms Could Save the BlindIf you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company run by the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for blind people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Columbia. The alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from. Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. "It's a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio," she says. "Its life-saving potential is great."She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large______ room. It took them nearly four minutes to find the door without a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one. Withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms basedon the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up or down stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.【单选题】A.smokedB.smoke-filledC.filled with smokeD.smoke-filling正确答案:B答案解析:从上下文可以看出，是一个定语修饰room，表示“充满了烟火的房间”，选项A、D意思不吻合，C作为定语，位置不应放在room前，应放后面。

只有B合适。

1、Animal's "Sixth Sense"A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa, Wild animals, however, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a "sixth sense" for disasters, experts said.Sri Lankan Wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast clearly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found."No elephants are dead, not even a dead rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening" H. D. Ratnayake, deputy director of SriLanka's Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards."There has been a lot of scientific evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven," said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior assistant at Johannesburg Zoo. "There have been no ______ studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting," he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this assessmetn."Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenmenon, especially birds. There are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters," said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators. The notion of an animal "sixth sense" -or some other mythical power-is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka's ravaged coast is likely to add to. The Romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.【单选题】A.additionalB.specificC.especialD.exceptional正确答案:B答案解析:本段的第一句是说明为什么这些迹象(evidence)没有得到科学验证。

原因是科学家无法在实验室或野外进行特定的实验，以验证动物预见灾难的第六感觉。

理解了上下文的意思，就知道选specific是最合适的。

其他的三个选项的词义与上下文不符合，additional，especial和exceptional分别是“额外的”、“特别的”和“例外的”的意思。

1、Breastfeeding Can Cut Cardiovascular RiskBreastfeeding can reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke later in life and could prevent hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, researchers said on Friday.Babies who are breastfed have fewer childhood infections and allergies and are less prone to obesity. British scientists have now shown that breastfeeding and slow growth in the first weeks and months of life has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease."Diets that promote more rapid growth put babies at risk many years later in terms of raising their blood pressure, raising their cholesterol and increasing their tendency to diabetes and obesity-the four main risk factors for stroke and heart attack." said Professor Alan Lucas of the Institute of Child Health in London."Our evidence suggests that the reason why breast-fed babies do better is because they grow more slowly in the early weeks." Lucas said the effects of breastfeeding on blood pressure and cholesterol later in life are greater than ______ adults can do tocontrol the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, other than taking drugs.An estimated 17 million people die of cardiovascular disease, particularly heart attack and strokes, each year, according to the World Health Organization.Lucas and his colleagues compared the health of 216 teenagers who as babies had either been breastfed or given different nutritional baby formulas' They reported their findings in The Lancet medical journal.The teenagers who had been breastfed had a 14 percent lower ratio of bad to good cholesterol and lower concentrations of a protein that is a marker for cardiovascular disease risk.The researchers also found that regardless of the child's weight at birth, the faster the infants grew in the early weeks and months of life, the greater was their later risk of heart disease and stroke. The effect was the same for both boys and girls. "The more human milk you have in the newborn period, the lower your cholesterol level is, the lower your blood pressure is 16 years later, "Lucas said.【单选题】A.whichB.thatC.somethingD.anything正确答案:D答案解析:根据语法结构和句意判断D（任何事情）合适。