Poster ex-cell-cho-cloning-medium
2024年浙江省温州市中考模拟英语试题
2024年浙江省温州市中考模拟英语试题一、阅读理解WENZHOU SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MUSEUM Here are our lectures (讲座) and courses for this weekend. These tickets for the following activities (except for the movie ) are free but should be booked three days before. You can book the movie tickets after 8 a.m. every day. The movie The Water Planet is on till May 25th. Click here to book tickets!Milk Magic ShowHave you ever imagined that milk is not only a drink, but also a mysterious world full of magic and science? This Saturday, “Milk Magic Show” explores more possibilities of milk with nutritionists (营养师).Time: May 25th, 13:00—14:30Place: Science Communication Hall on the third floorNOTE: For children over 5 years old. (Sign in 15 minutes before the activity begins.)Doodle RobotIn order to exercise children’s hands-on skills, logical thinking ability, this activity allows children to deal with real materials and tools and explore the charm of science, technology, art and maths. Time: 10:00—11:00 a.m.; 14:00—15:00 p.m. on May 25th—May 26thPlace: The Bright Eye and White Teeth Exhibition Hall on the first floorNOTE: For 7—12 years old children only.The Brief History of Time Do you love science and reading? We invited a special guest—Mr. A Can, the reading promoter (推广大使) of Wenzhou, to lead everyone to explore the1．Which activity can Tom, a boy of eight, join in on May 26th?A．Movie Time.B．Doodle Robot.C．Milk Magic Show.D．The Brief History of Time.2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．Students under 7 can take part in the lecture.B．The Doodle Robot course is on the third floor.C．Children under 5 is allowed to take part in any activities.D．Mr. A Can is going to give a lecture about the book The Brief History of Time. 3．Where can we probably find this passage?A．In a letter.B．In a magazine.C．On a website.D．On a poster.A young boy is crying because his ear hurts. Then a man comes out of the forest. He carries some juice from a white fungus. Carefully, he drips the juice into the boy’s ear. In some rainforest villages of South America, that’s how earaches are cured (治愈)!Rainforest doctors, called shamans, use many kinds of plants as medicine. They make tea from one type of red vine (藤蔓). It cures stomachaches. Yellow flowers from another plant are used to treat snakebite. Local shamans have used the curing power of plants for thousands of years._________Today, scientists from all over the world want to learn what these shamans know about plant medicines. They are racing to find the secrets of the rainforest before the plants disappear forgood. And the rainforests are disappearing fast. Every year, people cut down an area of rainforest as large as Florida. Sometimes they want to use the land for farms. Sometimes they cut down the trees and sell the wood.Now the scientists travel by boat, air, and foot to tiny rainforest villages. Then they spend long hours making their way through the hot and humid jungle (丛林) with the local shamans. The shamans show the scientists which plants can be used as cures.Saving the RainforestOne U.S. company has already found an important new medicine. It comes from a plant found in the rainforests of Ecuador. This medicine may soon be used to cure lung infections in kids. Rainforest plants might cure many bad diseases, such as cancer and AIDS. So medicine companies are working to save the rainforests. When people buy medicines made from the rainforest plants, part of the money will go to help save the rainforests. If the rainforests survive, someday you may find cures in your home that were made from white fungus and red vines. 4．What does the underlined word “He” in Paragraph 1 most probably refer to?A．The boy’s father.B．The boy’s teacher.C．A rainforest scientist.D．A rainforest doctor.5．What do the first two paragraphs mainly talk about?A．Many rainforest plants are used as medicines.B．The rainforests in the US are disappearing fast.C．Local shamans can cure different kinds of diseases.D．There’re many plants in the forest of South America.6．Which of the following can be put in “________”?A．Losing the Rainforest B．Looking for the MedicinesC．Learning from the Shamans D．Walking through the Rainforest7．What is the best title for the passage?A．Rainforest Doctors B．Rainforest MedicinesC．The Medicine Companies D．The Surviving Rainforest①AI is used in many ways to make our lives better. For example, AI-powered robots can help doctors perform surgeries with more precision. AI can also help teachers by giving special lessons to students based on their learning speed and style. In our homes, smart speakers and home assistants can control lights, play music, and even tell us the weather.①However, when it comes to disinformation (虚假信息), “Social media took the cost of spreading to zero, and AI takes the cost to zero,” says Renee DiResta of the Stanford Internet Observatory. Large language models such as GPT-4 make it easy to produce misleading news articles or social-media posts in a huge number.①And AI can produce mor than text. Cloning (克隆) a voice using AI used to require minutes, or even hours,of sample audio. Last year, however, researchers at Microsoft created V ALL-E, an AI model that is able to clone aperson’s voice from just a three-second clip (片段) of them speaking, and make it say any given text.①OpenAI, the American company behind GPT-4, has developed a similar tool, V oice Engine, which canclone any voice from a 15-second clip and no one can find the difference. It has not yet released (发布) to public, because of its possible risks to the society.①Similarly, Sora, from Open AI, can produce surprisingly realistic videos of up to a minute according to the given text. Open AI has not released Sora to the public, partly because it could be used to create disinformation. Another worry is that many people will lose their jobs in the video industry because of Sora.①Though all of this is worrying, it is worth remembering that not all parts of the technology are bad. AI, it turns out, can be used for fighting disinformation as well as producing it. Anyway, it’s time to think about how we use AI. We need to make sure it’s used responsibly and for the good of everyone. Plus, who knows? Maybe one day, you could be the one creating the next big thing in AI!8．How does the writer lead in the topic in the beginning?A．By telling a story.B．By asking questions.C．By giving examples.D．By comparing facts.9．Which sentence is closest to the writer’s attitude (态度) towards AI?A．AI is very useful in our daily life.B．Voice Engine and Sora are the most useful AI.C．Although there may be problems, the future of the AI is still bright.D．People should take good use of AI no matter it is good or bad.10．What can we know about V oice Engine according to the passage?A．It’s a tool that can clone any voice.B．It is produced before GPT-4.C．It can also produce videos of one minute.D．It won’t cause any risk to the society. 11．What’s the structure of the passage?A．B．C．D．I’d never told my mother about climbing the tree. If I told her, she would say it was too dangerous. My brothers, being brothers, wouldn’t have cared. Then there was my father. The only person I knew would understand. Still, I was afraid to tell him. He might tell my mother and very soon they’d try to stop me.So I kept quiet, kept climbing, and felt a somewhat lonely joy as I looked out over the world. Then a few months ago I found myself talking to the tree. This is a complete conversation, just me and a tree. And on the climb down I felt like crying. Why didn’t I have someone real to talk to? Why didn’t I have a best friend like everyone else? Sure, there were kids I knew at school, but non e of them were close friends. They’d have no interest in climbing the tree or smelling the sunshine.That night, after dinner my father went outside to paint. In the cold of the night, under the porch light, he went out to put the unfinished painting on a sunrise he’d been working on.I got my jacket and went out to sit beside him, quiet as a mouse. After a few minutes, he said, “What’s on your mind, sweetheart?”I looked at him but couldn’t seem to speak.He mixed two kinds of orange together, and very softly he said, “Talk to me.”I sighed so heavily, and it surprised even me. “I understand why you come out here, Dad.”He tried kidding me. “Would you mind explaining it to your mother?”“I hope not, Dad. I understand now about the whole being greater than the sum of the parts.” He stopped his work. “You do? What happened? Tell me about it!”So I told him about the sycamore (无花果) tree. About the view and the sounds and the colors and the wind, how climbing up so high felt like flying, and how it felt like magic.He didn’t stopped me once, and when I finished my story, I looked at him and whispered, “Would you climb up there with me?”He thought about this for a long time, then smiled and said, “I’m not much of a climber, Julianna, but I’ll give it a shot, sure. How about this weekend, when we’ve got lots of time to work with?”“Great!”I went to bed so excited that I didn’t sleep for more than five minutes the whole night. Saturday was right around the corner. I couldn’t wait!—Adapted from “Flipped”12．Who did the girl decide to tell about climbing the tree?A．Her mother.B．Her brothers.C．Her father.D．Her friends. 13．How did the girl feel when she was climbing the tree and looking out over the world?A．Lonely B．Scared.C．Excited.D．Surprised. 14．Which of the following is the right order according to the passage?a. The girl told her father about her feelings.b. The father agreed to climb the tree with the girl.c. The girl wanted to tell someone about her feeling.d. The girl climbed the tree and talked with the tree.A．d-c-a-b B．c-b-a-d C．ca -b-d D．d-a-c-b15．What does the passage mainly want to tell us?A．Children need friends at school.B．Children can always ask for help fromparents.C．Children should always listen to their parents.D．Children should be allowed to doanything they like.阅读短文，从文后所给的A、B、C、D、E、F六个选项中(其中有一项多余) 选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯。
西门塔尔牛肌内和皮下脂肪miRNA表达谱及miR-27b靶基因分析
西门塔尔牛肌内和皮下脂肪miRNA表达谱及miR-27b靶基因分析汪海洋;郑月;李惠侠;韩兆玉;王根林【期刊名称】《中国农业科学》【年(卷),期】2013(000)018【摘要】[目的]通过分析西门塔尔牛肌内脂肪和皮下脂肪差异表达miRNA，及对重要的候选miRNA-27b进行靶基因预测及相关生物信息学分析，探索miRNA在动物肌内脂肪生长、发育过程中的作用及其调控机制。
[方法]利用miRNA微阵列芯片技术对肌内脂肪和皮下脂肪miRNA表达谱进行检测和分析以筛选差异表达miRNA；qRT-PCR方法验证4个在肌内脂肪显著高表达的候选miRNAs；采用Targetscan生物信息学计算方法预测目标miR-27b（对肌内脂肪沉积可能起重要调节作用）的靶基因，并对靶基因进行GO注释描述、富集分析及KEGG富集。
[结果]miRNA芯片分析发现肌内脂肪和皮下脂肪共有88个差异表达极显著miRNA（P＜0.01）。
候选的4个在肌内脂肪高表达miRNAs（miR-140、miR-145、miR-143、miR-27b）的qRT-PCR检测结果与芯片分析结果具有很好的一致性。
KEGG富集显示，目标miR-27b的预测靶基因在MAPK、Wnt、Hedgehog、TGF-beta、GnRH等信号通路中显著富集，其中在MAPK信号通路中富集度最高。
[结论]牛肌内脂肪和皮下脂肪组织中确实存在一些差异表达的miRNAs，某些重要的在差异高表达miRNA（如miR-27b）可能以独特的通路（如MAPK信号）来调节牛肌内脂肪的形成过程。
【总页数】7页(P3894-3900)【作者】汪海洋;郑月;李惠侠;韩兆玉;王根林【作者单位】南京农业大学动物科技学院，南京 210095;南京农业大学动物科技学院，南京 210095;南京农业大学动物科技学院，南京 210095;南京农业大学动物科技学院，南京 210095;南京农业大学动物科技学院，南京 210095【正文语种】中文【相关文献】1.中国西门塔尔牛DGAT1和DGAT2基因组织表达谱及其在脂肪组织中的表达与背膘厚的关联分析 [J], 王国富;吴慧光;孙国权;李俊雅;王景山;王玉泉;高树新2.人根尖牙乳头干细胞与非干细胞差异表达miRNAs谱及靶基因的功能分析 [J], 林诗晗;胡雪刚;吕红兵3.严重烧伤大鼠早期骨骼肌中miRNAs表达谱数据基因功能分析 [J], 张海军;郝岱峰;柴家科;郁永辉4.绒山羊骨骼肌miRNAs及其靶基因表达谱分析 [J], 韩志玲;赵德超;付绍印;吕晓曼;高爱琴;张文广;李金泉5.miR-27b及其靶基因PPARγ在肌内和皮下脂肪细胞中的差异表达分析 [J], 孙文星;南文婷;谷淑华;韩海银;李艳;褚维伟;陈杰因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
博士入学PPT模板
Results
2.2. Overexpressed of PTBP1 promotes migration of lung cancer cells
Results
2.3. Knockdown of PTBP1 inhibits levels of EMT-related proteins in lung cancer cells
Background
Seven alternative splicing (AS) subgroups: • Exon skipping accounts for nearly 40% of AS events; • alternative 3′ splice site (3′SS) selection (18.4%) and 5′SS
3. Dewei Niu, ******, Shanze Yi, Feng Wang*. Gene cloning, protein expression and functional analysis of a type 3 metallothionein gene from Sonneratia alba with biosorption potential. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, Accepted. PJOES-00647-2017-02.
A
B
A. PTBP1 expression was elevated in LUAD tissues (N=515) compared with normal lung tissues (N=59) according to TCGA database (p<0.01); B. Kaplan-Meier plots of patients with LUAD according to high (N=127) and low (N=375) PTBP1 expression from the TCGA database and compared by paired t-test, p<0.01.
高中生物竞赛细胞生物学专业词中英文对照(1-3章)
细胞生物学专业词中英文对照第一章细胞学——Cytology细胞生物——Cell biology细胞学说——Cell theory原生质——protoplasm原生质体——protoplast有丝分裂——mitosis福尔根反应——Feulgen reaction哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白——mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)支原体——mycoplast真核细胞——rucaryotic cell真核生物——procaryote原核细胞——prokaryotic cell原核生物——prokaryote类群、域——domain古核细胞——archaea古核生物——archaeon古细菌——archaebacteria真细菌——eubacteria鞭毛——flagellum鞭毛蛋白——flagellin类核——nucleoid质粒——plasmid管蛋白——tubulin蓝细菌——cyanobacteria类囊体——thylakoid异形胞——heterocyst直系同源基因——orthologous gene 盐细菌——halobacteria热源体——thermoplasma硫氧化菌——sulfolobus核小体——nucleosome核纤层——nuclear lamina核纤层蛋白——lamin核基质——nuclear matrix纳米生物学——nanobiology自我装配——self-assembly协助装配——aided-assembly直接装配——direct-assembly次生代谢产物——secondary metabolite天然产物——natural product衣壳——capsid核壳体——nucleocapsid囊膜——envelope第二章光学显微镜——light microscope分辨率——resolution相差显微镜——phase-contrast microscope微分干涉显微镜——differential-interference microscope录像增差显微镜——video-enhance microscope荧光显微镜——fluorescence microscope绿色荧光蛋白——green fluorescent protein, GFP激光扫描共焦显微镜——laser scanning confocal microscope, LSCM全内反射荧光显微术——total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy 光激活定位显微术——photoactivated localization microscopy, PALM随机光学重构显微术——stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy受激发射损耗显微术——stimulated emission depletion microscopy结构照明显微术——structured-illumination microscopy, SIM电子显微镜——electron microscope, EM电荷耦合器件——charge-coupled device, CCD超薄切片——ultrathin section负染色技术——negative staining冷冻蚀刻技术——frezze etching快速冷冻深度蚀刻技术——quick freeze deep etching低温电镜技术——cryo-electron microscopy单颗粒分析技术——single particle analysis电子断层成像技术——electron tomography背散射电子成像——back scattered electron imaging扫描电镜——scanning electron microscope, SEM光-电关联技术——correlative light microscopy and electron microscopy 扫描隧道显微镜——Scanning tunnel microscope, STM原子力显微镜——atomic force microscope, AFM免疫印记——western blotting放射免疫沉淀——radioimmuno-precipitation原位杂交——in situ hybridization流式细胞术——flow cytometry原代细胞——primary culture cell传代细胞——subculture cell单层细胞——single layer cell细胞系——cell line有限细胞系——finite cell line永生细胞系——infinite cell line连续细胞系——continuous cell line细胞株——cell strain成纤维样细胞——fibroblast like cell上皮样细胞——epithelial like cell外殖体——explant愈伤组织——callus细胞融合——cell fusion电融合技术——electrofusion methodB淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术——B-lymphocyte hybridoma technique 单克隆抗体——monoclonal antibody胞质体——cytoplast核质体——karyoplast细胞松弛素B——cytochalasin B显微操作——micromanipulation微量注射——microinjection荧光漂白恢复技术——fluorescence photobleaching recovery, FPR 荧光恢复——fluorescence recovery酵母双杂交系统——yeast two-hybrid systemDNA结合域——DNA binding domain转录激活域——activation domain荧光共振能量转移——fluorescence resonance energy transfer, FRET 放射自显影技术——autoradiography第三章细胞质膜——plasma membrane细胞内膜系统——internal membrane生物膜——biomembrane单位膜模型——unit membrane model流动镶嵌模型——fluid mosaic model菌紫红质——bacteria rhodopsin脂筏模型——lipid raft model辛德毕斯病毒——sindbis virus, SbV甘油磷脂——glycerophosphatide鞘脂——sphingolipid固醇——sterol磷脂酰胆碱——phosphatidylcholine, PC(卵磷脂)磷脂酰乙醇胺——phosphatidylethanolamine, PE磷脂酰丝氨酸——phosphatidyserine, PS磷脂酰肌醇——phosphaditylinositol, PI心磷脂——cardiolipin鞘磷脂——sphingomyelin, SM磷脂——phospholipid豆固醇——stigmasterol麦角固醇——ergosterol翻转酶——flippase脂质体——liposome微团——micelle膜蛋白——membrane protein周边膜蛋白——peripheral membrane protein外在膜蛋白——extrinsic membrane protein整合膜蛋白——integral membrane protein内在膜蛋白——intrinsic membrane protein脂锚定膜蛋白——lipid-anchored membrane protein 磷脂酶——phospholipase蛋白聚糖——proteoglycan磷脂酰肌醇糖脂——glycosylphosphaditylinositol跨膜蛋白——transmembrane protein单次跨膜蛋白——single-pass transmembrane protein 多次跨膜蛋白——multipass transmembrane protein 孔蛋白——porin卷曲结构——coiled-coil水孔蛋白——aquaporin去垢剂——detergent微团临界浓度——critical micelle concentration,CMC相变温度——phase transition temperature扩散常数——diffusion constant细胞外表面——extrocytoplasmic surface, ES外小叶——outer leaflet原生质表面——protoplasmic surface, PS内小叶——inner leaflet细胞外小叶断裂面——extrocytoplasmic face，EF原生质小叶断裂面——protoplasmic face，PF脂肪细胞——adipocyte鞭毛——flagellum纤毛——cilium微绒毛——microvillus膜相关的细胞骨架——membrane associated cytoskeleton 肌动蛋白——actin基于肌动蛋白的膜骨架——actin-based membrane skeleton 细胞皮层——cortex血影——ghost血影蛋白（或红膜肽）——spectrin锚蛋白——ankyrin血型糖蛋白——glycoprotein内收蛋白——adducin阀蛋白——flotillin膜脂微区——membrane lipid microdomain 阿尔兹海默症——Alzheimer disease。
医学细胞生物学英文词汇翻译
医学细胞生物学英文词汇翻译Prepared on 21 November 2021医学细胞生物学专业英语词汇acrocentricchromosome近端着丝粒染色体actin肌动蛋白actinfilament肌动蛋白丝actinomycinD放线菌素Dactivator活化物activetransport主动运输adenine腺嘌呤adenosinemonophosphate,AMP腺苷一磷酸,腺苷酸adenylcyclase,AC腺苷酸环化酶adhesionplaque黏着斑agranularendoplasmicreticulum无颗粒内质网Alzheimerdisease阿尔茨海默病aminoacid氨基酸aminoacylsite,Asite氨基酰位，A位amitosis;directdivision无丝分裂；直接分裂amphipathicmolecule双型性分子anaphase后期anchoringjunction锚定连接annulargranule孔环颗粒anticodingstrand反编码链antigen抗原antiparallel逆平行性apopticbody凋亡小体apoptosis凋亡assembly组装aster星体asymmetry不对称性autolysis自溶作用autophagolysosome自噬性溶酶体autophagy自噬作用autoradiography放射自显影技术autosome常染色体Blymphocyte B淋巴细胞bacteria细菌basesubstitution碱基替换beltdesmosome带状桥粒bioblast生命小体biologicalmacromolecule生物大分子biomembrane生物膜biotechnology生物技术bivalent二价体breakage断裂cadherin钙粘连素calmodulin,CaM钙调蛋白cAMP环一磷酸腺苷cAMP-dependentproteinkinase环一磷酸腺苷依赖型蛋白激酶capping戴帽carrierprotein载体蛋白catcrysyndrome猫叫综合症celldivisioncyclegene CDC基因cell细胞cellandmolecularbiology细胞分子生物学cellbiology细胞生物学cellcoat;glycocalyx细胞衣；糖萼cellculture细胞培养cellcycle细胞周期cellcycle-regulatingprotein细胞周期调节蛋白cellcycletime细胞周期时间celldetermination细胞决定celldifferentiation细胞分化celldivisioncycle,CDC细胞分裂周期celldivisioncyclegene,CDCgene细胞分裂周期基因cellengineering细胞工程cellfractionation细胞分级分离cellfusion细胞融合celljunction细胞连接cellline细胞系cellmembrane;plasmamembrane细胞膜；质膜cellplate细胞板cellproliferation细胞增殖cellrecognition细胞识别cellsurfaceantigen细胞表面抗原celltheory细胞学说cellstrain细胞株cellaging细胞衰老cellsynchronization细胞同步化cellularoxidation细胞氧化cellularrespiration细胞呼吸centralgranule中央颗粒centromere着丝粒chalone抑素channelprotein通道蛋白chemiosmotichypothesis化学渗透假说chiasmata交叉cholesterol胆固醇chromatid染色单体chromatin染色质chromomere染色粒chromosome染色体chromosomearm染色体臂chromosomebanding染色体带chromosomedisease染色体病chromosomeengineering染色体工程chromosomescaffold染色体支架chromosomesyndrome染色体综合症cisGolginetworkcisterna（pl.cisternae）顺面高尔基网状结构扁平囊clathrin笼蛋白clone克隆coatedpit有被小窝coatedvesicle包被小泡codingstrand编码链codon密码子codondegeneracy密码子兼并性coenzyme辅酶collagenfibronectin,FN纤连蛋白communicationjunction通讯连接complementation互补性condensationstage凝集期confocallaserscanningmicroscope共焦激光扫描显微镜connexin连接子constitutiveheterochromatin结构异染色质continuousmicrotubules极微管convertingenzyme转变酶crista（pl.cristae）嵴cyanine 胞嘧啶cyclin细胞周期素cydoeximide放线菌酮cytidinemonophosphate,CMP胞苷一磷酸，胞苷酸cytokinesis细胞质分裂cytology细胞学cytoplasm细胞质cytoplasmengineering细胞质工程cytoplasmsubstitution细胞质代换cytoplasmicplaque胞质斑cytoskeleton细胞骨架darkfieldmicroscope暗视野显微镜dedifferentiation去分化degeneracy兼并deletion缺失densitygradientcentrifugation密度梯度离心deoxyadenosinemonophosphate,dAMP脱氧腺苷酸deoxycytidinemonophosphate,dCMP脱氧胞苷酸deoxyguanosinemonophosphate,dGMP脱氧鸟苷酸deoxyribonucleicacid,DNA脱氧核糖核酸deoxythymidinemonophosphate,dTMP脱氧胸苷酸desmosome桥粒diakinesis终变期differentialcentrifugation差速离心differentialexpression差异性表达differentiationinduction分化诱导differentiationinhibition分化抑制diplococcuspneumonia肺炎双球菌diplotene双线期disassembly去组装DNAprobe DNA探针DNAsynthesisphase DNA合成期dosagecompensation剂量补偿doublet二联管duplication重复effector效应器electriccoupling电偶联electronmicroscope电子显微镜elementaryparticle基粒eletronfusion电融合elongationfactor,EF延长因子embryonicinduction胚胎诱导作用endocytosis内吞作用endolysosome内体性溶酶体endomembranesystem内膜系统endoplasmicreticulum,ER内质网enhancer增强子enzyme酶equatorialplane赤道面eucaryotes真核生物euchromatin常染色质eukaryoticcell真核细胞exocytosis胞吐作用exon外显子extracellularmatrix,ECM细胞外基质extrinsic;peripheralprotein外在蛋白；外周蛋白Fbody荧光小体facilitateddiffusion易化扩散facultativeheterochromatin兼性异染色质fibrillarcomponent原纤维成分fibronectin,FN纤粘连蛋白fibrousactin,F-actin纤维状肌动蛋白flankingsequence侧翼顺序fluidmosaicmodel液态镶嵌模型fluorescencemicroscope荧光显微镜荧光漂白恢复fluorescencerecoveryafterphotobleaching,FRAPfork-initiationprotein叉起始蛋白frameshiftmutation移码突变freecell游离细胞freediffusion自由扩散freeenergy自由能galactocerebroside半乳糖脑苷脂ganglioside神经节苷脂gapjunction间隙连接gene基因genecluster基因簇geneengineering基因工程geneexpression基因表达genefamily基因家族genemutation基因突变geneticcode遗传密码geneticmessage遗传信息genome基因组genomeengineering染色体工程genomicDNAlibrary基因组DNA文库glycogenstoragediseasetypeⅡⅡ型糖原蓄积病glycolipid糖脂glycoprotein糖蛋白glycosaminoglycan,GAG氨基聚糖glycosylation糖基化Golgiapparatus高尔基器Golgibody高尔基体Golgicomplex高尔基复合体granularcomponent颗粒成分granulardrop脱粒granularendoplasmicreticulum颗粒内质网growthfactor生长因子GT-AGrule GT-AG法则guanine鸟嘌呤guanosinemonophosphate,GMP鸟苷一磷酸，鸟苷酸hemidesmosome半桥粒hereditaryfactor遗传因子heterochromatin异染色质heterogeneousnuclearRNA,hnRNA不均一核RNA heterokaryon异核体heterophagolysosome异噬性溶酶体heterophagy异噬作用heteropyknosis异固缩highlyrepetitivesequence高度重复序列histone组蛋白holoenzyme全酶homokaryon同核体housekeepinggene管家基因housekeepingprotein管家蛋白humanleukocyteantigen,HLA人白细胞抗原hyaluronicacid,HA透明质酸hybridcell杂交细胞hyperdiploid超二倍体hypodiploid亚二倍体immunofluorescencemicroscopy免疫荧光显微镜技术immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白invitro离体的invivo体内的inactiveXhypothesis失活X假说inbornerrorsofmetabolism先天性代谢缺陷病inducer诱导物induction诱导inhibitorofmitoticfactor,IMF有丝分裂因子抑制物initiationfactor,IF起始因子innermembrane内膜innernuclearmembrane内层核膜insertionsequence,IS插入顺序Integralprotein整合蛋白integrin整连蛋白intermembranespace;outerchamber膜间腔；外室intercellularcommunication细胞间通讯intercristalspace;innerchamber嵴间腔；内室intermediatefilament中间纤维internalmembrane内膜internalreticularapparatus内网器interphase间期interstitialdeletion中间缺失interzonalmicrotubules区间微管intracristalspace嵴内腔intra-nucleolarchromatin核仁内染色质intrinsic;integralprotein内在蛋白；整合蛋白intron内含子inversion倒位invertedrepetitivesequence倒位重复顺序ionicchannel离子通道ioniccoupling离子偶联jumpinggene跳跃基因karyotype核型kinetochore着丝点kinetochoremicrotubules动粒微管Klinefelter’ssyndrome先天性睾丸发育不全症laggingstrand后随链laminin,LN层粘连蛋白lateraldiffusion侧向扩散leadingstrand前导链leptotene细线期ligand;chemicalsignal配体；化学信号lightmicroscope光学显微镜linearpolymer线性多聚体linker连接线liposome脂质体liquidcrystal液晶lowdensitylipoprotein,LDL低密度脂蛋白luxurygene奢侈基因luxuryprotein奢侈蛋白lymphokine淋巴激活素lymphotoxin淋巴毒素lysosome溶酶体majorhistocompatibilitycomplex,MHC组织相容性复合体malignancy恶性matricalgranule基质颗粒matrix基质matrixfibronectin,mFN基质纤连蛋白maturation-promptingfactor,MPF成熟促进因子medialGolgistack高尔基中间囊膜meiosis减数分裂membraneantigen膜抗原membranecarbohydrate膜碳水化合物membraneflow膜流membranelipid膜脂membraneprotein膜蛋白membranereceptor膜受体membranousstructure膜相结构messengerRNA信使核糖核酸mesosome中间体metaboliccoupling代谢偶联metacentricchromosome中央着丝粒染色体metaphase中期micelle微团microfilament微丝microscopy显微镜技术microsome微粒体microtrabecularlattice微梁网格microtubule微管microtubuleassociatedprotein,MAP微管结合蛋白microtubuleorganizingcenters,MTOC微管组织中心microvillus微绒毛middlerepetitivesequence中度重复序列miniband微带missensemutation错义突变mitochondria线粒体mitosis有丝分裂mitosisphase有丝分裂期mitoticapparatus有丝分裂器mitoticfactor,MF有丝分裂因子mobility流动性modelforcontrollinggeneexpression基因表达调控模型molecularbiology分子生物学moleculardisease分子病monopotentcell单能细胞monosomy单体性multiplecoilingmodel多级螺旋模型multipotentcell多能细胞myastheniagravis重症肌无力症mycoplasma支原体myofibrils肌原纤维necrosis坏死neuropeptide神经肽non-continuation不连续性non-histone非组蛋白non-membranousstructure非膜相结构nonsensemutation无义突变nuclearenvelope核被膜nuclearlamina核纤层nuclearmatrix核基质nuclearpore核孔nuclearporecomplex核孔复合体nuclearsap核液nuclearsex核性别nuclearskeleton核骨架nucleicacid核酸nucleicacidhybridization核酸分子杂交nucleo-cytoplasmicratio核质比nucleoid类核体nucleoids拟核nucleolarassociatedchromatin核仁相随染色质nucleolarorganizingregion核仁组织区nucleolus核仁nucleosome核小体nucleotide核苷酸nucleosomecore核小体核心nucleus细胞核nucleustransplantation核移植法nucleus-cytoplasmhybrid核质杂种Okazakifragment岗崎片段oligomerfibronectin,oFN寡聚纤连蛋白oncogene癌基因operatorgene操纵基因operon操纵子operontheory操纵子学说organelle细胞器origin起点outermembrane外膜outernuclearmembrane外层核膜overlappinggene重叠基因oxidativephosphorylation氧化磷酸化pachytene粗线期pairingstage配对期partialmonosome部分单体partialtrisomy部分三体passivetransport被动运输patching成斑现象peptidebond肽键peptidylsite,Psite肽基位；P位perinuclearspace核间隙perinucleolarchromatin核仁周围染色质peripheralgranule周边颗粒peripheralprotein外周蛋白permeability通透性peroxisome;microbody过氧化物酶体；微体phagocytosis吞噬作用phagolysosome吞噬性溶酶体phagosome自噬体phasecontrastmicroscope相差显微镜phenylalaninehydroxylase,PAH苯丙氨酸羟化酶phenylketonuria,PKU苯丙酮尿症phosphatidylinositol,PL磷脂酰肌醇phosphodiesterbond磷酸二酯键phosphodiesterase,PDE磷酸二酯酶phosphoglyceride磷酸甘油酯phospholipaseC,PLC磷脂酶C phospholipid磷脂pinocytosis胞饮作用pinocytoticvesicle吞饮泡plasmacell浆细胞plasmafibronectin,pFN血浆纤连蛋白plasmid质粒pointmutation点突变polarmicrotubule极间微管polarizingmicroscope偏光显微镜polyadenylation多聚腺苷酸反应polyploid多倍体polyribosome多聚核糖体prematurecondensedchromosome,PCC早熟染色体premeiosisinterphase减数分裂前间期primaryconstriction主缢痕primaryculture原代培养primaryculturecell原代细胞programmedcelldeath细胞程序性死亡prokaryotes原核生物prokaryoticcell原核细胞promotor启动子promotorgene启动基因prophase前期protein蛋白质proteinkinaseC,PKC蛋白激酶C proteoglycan,PG蛋白聚糖protofilament原纤维protooncogene原癌基因protoplasm原生质purine嘌呤碱pyrimidine嘧啶碱receptormediatedendocytosis受体介导的内吞作用reciprocaltranslocation相互易位recombinantDNAtechnology重组DNA技术recombinationnodules重组小节recombinationstage重组期recondensationstage再凝集期redifferentiation再分化regulatorgene调节基因releasefactor,RF释放因子replication复制replicationeyes复制眼replicationfork复制叉replicon复制子repressor阻碍物resolvingpower分辨力residualbody残体respiratorychain呼吸链restrictionendonuclease限制性内切核酸酶restrictionpoint限制点reversetranscription逆转录rhofactor,ρρ因子ribonucleicacid,RNA核糖核酸ribophorin核糖体结合蛋白ribosomalRNA核糖体核糖核酸ribosome核糖核蛋白体RNApolymerase RNA聚合酶roughendoplasmicreticulum,rER sac 粗面内质网扁平囊samesensemutation同义突变sarcoplasmicreticulum肌质网satellite随体scanningelectronmicroscope扫描电子显微镜scanningtunnelingmicroscope扫描隧道电子显微镜secondaryconstriction次缢痕secondaryculture传代培养semiautonomousorganelle半自主性的细胞器semiconservativereplication半保留复制semidiscontinuousreplication半不连续复制sensor感受器sequentialexpression顺序表达sexchromosome性染色体signalcodon信号密码子signalhypothesis信号肽假说signalmolecule信号分子signalpeptide信号肽signalrecognitionparticle,SPR信号识别颗粒simplediffusion简单扩散singlesequence单一序列single-strandedDNAbindingprotein单链DNA结合蛋白singlet单管smallnuclearRNA,snRNA小分子细胞核RNA smoothendoplasmicreticulum,sER滑面内质网solenoid螺线管sparsomycin稀疏酶素sphingomyelin神经鞘磷脂spindle纺锤体splicing剪接splitgene断裂基因startcodon起始密码子stemcell干细胞stressfiber张力基因structuralgene结构基因submetacentricchromosome亚中着丝粒染色体supersolenoid超螺线管suppressortRNA校正tRNAsynapsis联会synaptonemalcomplex联会复合体synkaryon合核体synonymouscodon同义密码子synonymousmutation同义突变Tlymphocyte T淋巴细胞tailing加尾telomere端粒telophase末期terminaldeletion末端缺失terminalization端化terminator终止子tetrad四分体tetraploid四倍体thymine胸腺嘧啶threedimensionalstructure,3D三维结构tightjunction紧密连接tissuecell组织细胞tissueengineering组织工程totipotency全能性transGolginetwork反面高尔基网状结构transcribedspacer转录间隔区transcription转录transdifferentiation转分化transferRNA转运核糖核酸transformation转化transition转换translation翻译translocation易位transportprotein运输蛋白transposition转座transversion颠换transmissionelectronmicroscope透视电子显微镜tricarboxylicacidcycle三羧酸循环triggerprotein触发蛋白triplet三联管triploid三倍体triskelion三臂蛋白trisomy三体tubulin微管蛋白tumornecrosisfactor肿瘤坏死因子Turner’ssyndrome先天性卵巢发育不全症tyrosinase,TN酪氨酸酶ultravoltageelectronmicroscope超高压电子显微镜unitmembrane单位膜untranscribedspacer非转录间隔区unwindingprotein解链蛋白uracil尿嘧啶uridinemonophosphate,UMP vacuole 尿苷一磷酸；尿苷酸大囊泡vector载体vesicle小囊泡vinculin粘着斑连接蛋白wobblehypothesis摇摆学说Xchromatin X染色质Ychromatin Y染色质zygotene偶线期麻醉学PublicHealth公共健康Cancer/Oncology癌症/肿瘤PulmonaryDisease肺脏疾病CardiacElectrophysiology心脏电生理Radiation辐射病学Cardiology-Interventional心脏病-介入Radiology放射病学Cardiology-Noninvasive心脏病-无创介入ReproductiveEndocrinology生殖内分泌病学CardiologyandCirculation 心脏与循环系统疾病Respiratory呼吸科ClinicalGenetics临床遗传学Rheumatology风湿病学ClinicalImmunology临床免疫学Stomatology口腔医学clinicallaboratory检验科SexualDysfunction性功能障碍医学ClinicalPharmacology临床药理学SpinalCordInjury脊髓损伤病学ClinicalPsychology临床心理学Surgery-General普通外科CriticalCareMedicine 危重病医学Toxicology毒理学Dentistry牙科Urology泌尿科Dermatology皮肤科VeterinaryScience兽医学Dermatopathology皮肤病理学Virology病毒学Diabetes糖尿病OccupationalMedicine职业医学EmergencyMedicine 急诊医学Oncology-Medical 肿瘤医学Endocrinology内分泌医学Oncology-Radiation 放射肿瘤学Epidemiology流行病学Oncology-Surgical 肿瘤外科手术学FamilyPractice家庭实践医学Ophthalmology眼科Gastroenterology 胃肠病学Orthopedics骨科学Geriatrics老年病学OtherClinicalMedicine 其他临床医学Gynecology妇产科学Otorhinolaryngology 耳鼻咽喉科Hematology血液学PainMedicine疼痛医学Hematology-Oncology 血液肿瘤学PalliativeMedicine姑息医学Hepatology肝脏病学Pathology病理学Hypertension高血压Pediatrics小儿科InfectiousDiseases传染病学PhysicalMedicine&Rehab 理疗与康复InternalMedicine内科学Physiology生理学Maternal&FetalMedicine 孕产妇和胎儿医学plasticsurgery整形外科Microbiology微生物学PreventiveMedicine预防医学Nephrology肾脏病学Psychiatry精神病学Neurology神经病学Psychiatry-Addiction 精神病学-成瘾学Neurology-Child儿童神经病学Psychiatry-Child精神病学-儿童NuclearMedicine核医学Psychiatry-General精神病学-一般Nursing护理学Psychiatry-Geriatric 精神病学-老年Nutrition营养学Pharmacology药理学Obstetrics&Gynecology 妇产科学PlantScience植物科学OccupationalMedicine职业医学Zoology动物学麻醉学PublicHealth公共健康Cancer/Oncology癌症/肿瘤PulmonaryDisease肺脏疾病CardiacElectrophysiology 心脏电生理Radiation辐射病学Cardiology-Interventional 心脏病-介入Radiology放射病学Cardiology-Noninvasive心脏病-无创介入ReproductiveEndocrinology生殖内分泌病学CardiologyandCirculation 心脏与循环系统疾病Respiratory呼吸科ClinicalGenetics临床遗传学Rheumatology风湿病学ClinicalImmunology临床免疫学Stomatology口腔医学clinicallaboratory检验科SexualDysfunction性功能障碍医学ClinicalPharmacology临床药理学SpinalCordInjury脊髓损伤病学ClinicalPsychology临床心理学Surgery-General普通外科CriticalCareMedicine 危重病医学Toxicology毒理学Dentistry牙科Urology泌尿科Dermatology皮肤科VeterinaryScience兽医学Dermatopathology皮肤病理学Virology病毒学Diabetes糖尿病OccupationalMedicine职业医学EmergencyMedicine 急诊医学Oncology-Medical 肿瘤医学Endocrinology内分泌医学Oncology-Radiation 放射肿瘤学Epidemiology流行病学Oncology-Surgical 肿瘤外科手术学FamilyPractice家庭实践医学Ophthalmology眼科Gastroenterology 胃肠病学Orthopedics骨科学Geriatrics老年病学OtherClinicalMedicine 其他临床医学Gynecology妇产科学Otorhinolaryngology 耳鼻咽喉科Hematology血液学PainMedicine疼痛医学Hematology-Oncology 血液肿瘤学PalliativeMedicine姑息医学Hepatology肝脏病学Pathology病理学Hypertension高血压Pediatrics小儿科InfectiousDiseases传染病学PhysicalMedicine&Rehab 理疗与康复InternalMedicine内科学Physiology生理学Maternal&FetalMedicine 孕产妇和胎儿医学plasticsurgery整形外科Microbiology微生物学PreventiveMedicine预防医学Nephrology肾脏病学Psychiatry精神病学Neurology神经病学Psychiatry-Addiction 精神病学-成瘾学Neurology-Child儿童神经病学Psychiatry-Child精神病学-儿童NuclearMedicine核医学Psychiatry-General精神病学-一般Nursing护理学Psychiatry-Geriatric 精神病学-老年Nutrition营养学Pharmacology药理学Obstetrics&Gynecology 妇产科学PlantScience植物科学OccupationalMedicine 职业医学Zoology动物学s。
成骨细胞源性外泌体的分离提取和鉴定
-1108-宁夏医学杂志2020年12月第42卷第12期Ningxia Med J,Dec.2020,Vol.42,No.12 Doi：10.13621/j.1001-5949.2020.12.1108•实验研究•成骨细胞源性外泌体的分离提取和鉴定蔡则成】，杨绍兵2,马荣3,张彦龙】，梁思敏3［摘要］目的分离成骨细胞来源的外泌体，并对其进行鉴定。
方法体外培养成骨细胞，用差速离心法分离、提取成骨细胞分泌的外泌体，经透射电子显微镜观察其形态及大小，采用蛋白质印迹法（WB）检测外泌体跨膜蛋白CD9和成骨细胞特异性碱性磷酸酶（AKP）的表达。
结果成骨细胞源性外泌体为直径30-100nm的圆形或椭圆形结构,高表达CD9和AKP蛋白。
结论差速离心法提取的成骨细胞源性外泌体，具有外泌体的一般特性，并高表达成骨细胞特异性蛋白AKP。
［关键词］结核分枝杆菌；外泌体;成骨细胞［中图分类号］Q2-33［文献标识码］AIsolation，extraction and identification of exosomes derived from osteoblasts CAI Zecheng，Y ANG Shaobing2，MA Rong3，ZHANG Yanlong1，LIANG Simin3. 1.Ningxia Medical University，Yinchun750004，China Department of Cardiology，General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University，Y inchun750004，C hina；3.Department of Orthopaedics，General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University，Y inchun750004，C hinaCorresponding author:L IANG Simin,Email：148376463@[Abstract]Objective The exosomes from osteoblasts were isolated and identified.Methods Osteoblasts were cultured in vitro.The exosomes secreted from osteoblasts were separated and extracted by differential centrifugation.The morphology and size of exosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The expression of CD9and alkaline phosphatase in osteoblasts were detected by Western blotting.Results The exosomes of osteoblasts were round or oval structures with a diameter of30〜100nm,which highly expressed CD9and AKP protein.Conclusion The osteoblast derived from exosomes have the general characteristics of exosomes and highly express the osteoblast specific protein AKP.[Key words]Mycobacterium tuberculosis；E xosomes；Osteoblasts脊柱结核是由结核分枝杆菌引起的慢性感染性疾病,以进行性骨质破坏为主要病理特征［1］，破骨细胞在脊柱结核骨质破坏的发生发展中起着极其重要的作用。
脑血栓治疗新方法----多肽脂质纳米微泡
脑血栓治疗新方法----多肽脂质纳米微泡
本项目在已建立的血栓靶向纳米微泡技术基础上，通过合成血栓特异性活性多肽分子，活性多肽分子与生理性脂质衍生物结合，混合脂质与气体形成气体核、脂质壳的纳米微泡，并与超声结合建立一个全新的溶栓体系，通过体内外血栓模型的研究提高溶栓再通率，克服纤溶药物存在继发纤溶出血等，建立一种快速溶栓再通恢复血流，非创伤性的局部溶栓（非全身系统性），避免继发出血、新的栓子形成等并发症的溶栓新方法；并通过在体和离体的溶栓机制的研究，初步探索建立一种新的溶栓理论基础模型。
本项目的预期目标为建立新的较现有的脑血栓治疗方法更有效，较少的并发症的脑血栓治疗新技术与方法，开发国家Ⅰ类新药。
本项目与美国ImaRx Therapeutics的MRX-815纳米微泡比较为更具创新的新一代溶栓技术方法，本项目已申请国家发明专利200510042767.1，血栓诊断和／或治疗用含气干粉活性剂及其制备工艺，具有完全自主知识产权。
华为 e-STUDIO908 高级纸张处理设备说明书
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高中英语人教版必修二第二单元 单句语法填空专项练习(内附答案)
一．单句语法填空1. In the past, people seemed____of the harm caused by smoking. However, over the past decade,people's health____has increased. As a result, smokers are_____of the dangers to their own health. (aware)2. They sent a_____letter to us, but I thought it was an empty_______.It's no use______us-we didn't give in.(threat)3. The company is_____me for a decision and the_____from my parents is quite unbearable, so I have to accept this new job.(press)4. The picture was stuck on the wall to act as a____to____me of my dream.(remind)5.______,Mr Smith enters his office at 7:30a.m.It is_____for him to come late.Today, he came into his office as____and began to work. (usual)6.Tom hurt his leg in the football match last week. Luckily, he quickly ______and his parents were delighted with his entire______.(recover)7. Some evidence suggested that______animals like dinosaurs which had suffered from______,can possibly be brought back to life through cloning.(extinct)8. If everyone can live in______with others,our society will become more______(harmony)9. To our satisfaction, some children are______and they can easily______to the new school. The fast______will help them make more friends with others. (adapt)10. Industrial development of the area will____some___species. Although some______creatures are a______to our humans, we should take some measures to protect them.(danger)11. The woman makes a phone call to the restaurant to make a_______ . She wants to ______two tables.(reserve)12. As is known to all, using clean energy plays an important role in pollution______. Indeed, governments really need to take effective measures ______pollution. (reduce)13.Many animals______on the earth for along time. But due to the changes of circumstances, they are not in______now.Therefore, we should try our best to prevent______animals from disappearing.(exist)14.I______to carry out the plan for the children with the______of helping the children.(intend)15. He used to be a______,who earned his living by___animals. But now he is an animal keeper in the zoo.(hunt)16.The______was dressed in such a_____dress that she attracted the attention of all present at the party. She appealed to everyone to try their best to ______the environment.(beauty)17.The bird______lay quietly among the grass and______the birds carefully.Their______was helpful for studying the birds' behaviour.(observe)18. The investigation showed that the fireworks were produced______.Anyway, as citizens, we should observe the laws, doing______things and never doing_____things.(legal)19. Our parents are more_____about our healthy eating. As far as I'm______,we should keep a balance between spicy dishes and mild dishes.(concern)20.I was very______to hear the______news that another bomb had hit London.(alarm)21. Many creative measures have been taken to prevent the whales from dying______.22. In my opinion, the more you take part in after-class activities, the sooner you will adapt_____the new environment.23. The poster reminded me_____the threat some creatures are facing and stirred up my strong emotions.24. Effective measures must______(take) immediately to preserve whales and dolphins from being hunted.25. Not all people around the globe are aware_____the various effects of global warming on the earth.26. As far as I'm______(concern), we should live in harmony with nature.27. A man called just now, but I didn't make_____who he was.28. No matter how much_____(press) you are under, you will never give up halfway.29. With the help of the doctor, the patient_____(recover) completely so far.30. The project had to be abandoned due____a lack of government funding.单句答案1. unaware awareness aware2. threatening threat threatening3. pressing pressure4. reminder remind5. Usually unusual Usual6.recovered recovery7. extinct extinction8. harmony harmonious9. adaptable adapt adaptation10. endanger endangered dangerous danger11.reservation reserve12.reduction to reduce13.Existed existence existing14.intend intended intention15.Hunter hunting16.Beauty beautiful beautify17.Observers observed observation18.Illegally legal illegal19.Concerned concerned20.alarmed alarming21.out22.to23.of24.be taken25.of26.concerned27.out28.pressure29.has recovered30.to。
医学细胞生物学英文词汇翻译
医学细胞生物学英文词汇翻译Ting Bao was revised on January 6, 20021医学细胞生物学专业英语词汇acrocentric chromosome近端着丝粒染色体actin肌动蛋白actin filament肌动蛋白丝actinomycin D放线菌素Dactivator活化物active transport主动运输adenine腺嘌呤adenosine monophosphate, AMP腺苷一磷酸, 腺苷酸adenyl cyclase, AC腺苷酸环化酶adhesion plaque黏着斑agranular endoplasmic reticulum无颗粒内质网Alzheimer disease阿尔茨海默病amino acid氨基酸aminoacyl site, A site氨基酰位，A位amitosis; direct division无丝分裂；直接分裂amphipathic molecule双型性分子anaphase后期anchoring junction锚定连接annular granule孔环颗粒anticoding strand 反编码链antigen抗原antiparallel逆平行性apoptic body凋亡小体apoptosis凋亡assembly组装aster星体asymmetry不对称性autolysis自溶作用autophagolysosome自噬性溶酶体autophagy自噬作用autoradiography放射自显影技术autosome常染色体B lymphocyte B淋巴细胞bacteria细菌base substitution碱基替换belt desmosome带状桥粒bioblast生命小体biological macromolecule生物大分子biomembrane生物膜biotechnology生物技术bivalent二价体breakage断裂cadherin钙粘连素calmodulin, CaM钙调蛋白cAMP环一磷酸腺苷cAMP-dependent protein kinase环一磷酸腺苷依赖型蛋白激酶capping 戴帽carrier protein载体蛋白cat cry syndrome猫叫综合症cell division cycle gene CDC基因cell细胞cell and molecular biology细胞分子生物学cell biology细胞生物学cell coat; glycocalyx细胞衣；糖萼cell culture细胞培养cell cycle细胞周期cell cycle-regulating protein细胞周期调节蛋白cell cycle time细胞周期时间cell determination细胞决定cell differentiation细胞分化cell division cycle, CDC细胞分裂周期细胞分裂周期基因cell division cycle gene, CDCgenecell engineering细胞工程cell fractionation细胞分级分离cell fusion细胞融合cell junction细胞连接cell line细胞系cell membrane; plasma membrane细胞膜；质膜cell plate细胞板cell proliferation细胞增殖cell recognition细胞识别cell surface antigen细胞表面抗原cell theory细胞学说cell strain细胞株cell aging 细胞衰老cell synchronization细胞同步化cellular oxidation细胞氧化cellular respiration细胞呼吸central granule中央颗粒centromere着丝粒chalone抑素channel protein通道蛋白chemiosmotic hypothesis化学渗透假说chiasmata交叉cholesterol胆固醇chromatid染色单体chromatin染色质chromomere染色粒chromosome染色体chromosome arm染色体臂chromosome banding染色体带chromosome disease染色体病chromosome engineering染色体工程chromosome scaffold染色体支架chromosome syndrome染色体综合症cis Golgi networkcisterna（pl. cisternae）顺面高尔基网状结构扁平囊clathrin笼蛋白clone克隆coated pit有被小窝coated vesicle包被小泡coding strand编码链codon密码子codon degeneracy密码子兼并性coenzyme辅酶collagenfibronectin, FN纤连蛋白communication junction通讯连接complementation互补性condensation stage凝集期confocal laser scanningmicroscope共焦激光扫描显微镜connexin连接子constitutive heterochromatin结构异染色质continuous microtubules极微管converting enzyme 转变酶crista（pl. cristae）嵴cyanine 胞嘧啶cyclin细胞周期素cydoeximide放线菌酮cytidine monophosphate, CMP胞苷一磷酸，胞苷酸cytokinesis细胞质分裂cytology细胞学cytoplasm细胞质cytoplasm engineering细胞质工程cytoplasm substitution细胞质代换cytoplasmic plaque胞质斑cytoskeleton细胞骨架dark field microscope暗视野显微镜dedifferentiation去分化degeneracy兼并deletion缺失density gradient centrifugation密度梯度离心脱氧腺苷酸deoxyadenosine monophosphate,dAMPdeoxycytidine monophosphate, dCMP脱氧胞苷酸脱氧鸟苷酸deoxyguanosine monophosphate,dGMPdeoxyribonucleic acid, DNA脱氧核糖核酸脱氧胸苷酸deoxythymidine monophosphate,dTMPdesmosome桥粒diakinesis 终变期differential centrifugation差速离心differential expression差异性表达differentiation induction分化诱导differentiation inhibition分化抑制diplococcus pneumonia肺炎双球菌diplotene 双线期disassembly去组装DNA probe DNA探针DNA synthesis phase DNA合成期dosage compensation剂量补偿doublet二联管duplication重复effector效应器electric coupling 电偶联electron microscope电子显微镜elementary particle基粒eletronfusion 电融合elongation factor, EF延长因子embryonic induction胚胎诱导作用endocytosis内吞作用endolysosome内体性溶酶体endomembrane system内膜系统endoplasmic reticulum, ER内质网enhancer增强子enzyme酶equatorial plane赤道面eucaryotes真核生物euchromatin常染色质eukaryotic cell真核细胞exocytosis 胞吐作用exon外显子extracellular matrix, ECM细胞外基质extrinsic; peripheral protein外在蛋白；外周蛋白F body荧光小体facilitated diffusion易化扩散facultative heterochromatin兼性异染色质fibrillar component原纤维成分fibronectin, FN纤粘连蛋白fibrous actin, F-actin纤维状肌动蛋白flanking sequence侧翼顺序fluid mosaic model液态镶嵌模型fluorescence microscope荧光显微镜荧光漂白恢复fluorescence recovery afterphotobleaching, FRAPfork-initiation protein叉起始蛋白frameshift mutation移码突变free cell游离细胞free diffusion自由扩散free energy自由能galactocerebroside半乳糖脑苷脂ganglioside神经节苷脂gap junction间隙连接gene基因gene cluster基因簇gene engineering基因工程gene expression基因表达gene family基因家族gene mutation基因突变genetic code遗传密码genetic message 遗传信息genome基因组genome engineering染色体工程genomic DNA library基因组DNA文库glycogen storage disease typeⅡⅡ型糖原蓄积病glycolipid糖脂glycoprotein糖蛋白glycosaminoglycan, GAG氨基聚糖glycosylation糖基化Golgi apparatus高尔基器Golgi body高尔基体Golgi complex高尔基复合体granular component颗粒成分granular drop脱粒granular endoplasmic reticulum颗粒内质网growth factor生长因子GT-AG rule GT-AG法则guanine鸟嘌呤guanosine monophosphate, GMP鸟苷一磷酸，鸟苷酸hemidesmosome半桥粒hereditary factor遗传因子heterochromatin异染色质heterogeneous nuclear RNA, hnRNA不均一核RNA heterokaryon异核体heterophagolysosome异噬性溶酶体heterophagy异噬作用heteropyknosis异固缩highly repetitive sequence高度重复序列histone组蛋白holoenzyme全酶homokaryon同核体housekeeping gene管家基因housekeeping protein管家蛋白human leukocyte antigen, HLA人白细胞抗原hyaluronic acid, HA透明质酸hybrid cell杂交细胞hyperdiploid超二倍体hypodiploid亚二倍体immunofluorescence microscopy免疫荧光显微镜技术immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白in vitro离体的in vivo体内的inactive X hypothesis失活X假说inborn errors of metabolism先天性代谢缺陷病inducer诱导物induction诱导inhibitor of mitotic factor, IMF有丝分裂因子抑制物initiation factor, IF起始因子inner membrane内膜inner nuclear membrane内层核膜insertion sequence, IS插入顺序Integral protein整合蛋白integrin整连蛋白膜间腔；外室inter membrane space; outerchamberintercellular communication细胞间通讯intercristal space; inner chamber嵴间腔；内室intermediate filament中间纤维internal membrane内膜internal reticular apparatus内网器interphase间期interstitial deletion中间缺失interzonal microtubules区间微管intracristal space嵴内腔intra-nucleolar chromatin核仁内染色质intrinsic; integral protein内在蛋白；整合蛋白intron内含子inversion倒位inverted repetitive sequence 倒位重复顺序ionic channel离子通道ionic coupling离子偶联jumping gene跳跃基因karyotype核型kinetochore着丝点kinetochore microtubules动粒微管Klinefelter’s syndrome先天性睾丸发育不全症lagging strand后随链laminin, LN层粘连蛋白lateral diffusion侧向扩散leading strand前导链leptotene 细线期ligand; chemical signal配体；化学信号light microscope光学显微镜linear polymer线性多聚体linker连接线liposome脂质体liquid crystal液晶low density lipoprotein, LDL低密度脂蛋白luxury gene奢侈基因luxury protein奢侈蛋白lymphokine淋巴激活素lymphotoxin淋巴毒素lysosome溶酶体major histocompatibility complex, MHC组织相容性复合体malignancy恶性matrical granule基质颗粒matrix基质matrix fibronectin, mFN基质纤连蛋白maturation-prompting factor, MPF成熟促进因子medial Golgi stack高尔基中间囊膜meiosis减数分裂membrane antigen膜抗原membrane carbohydrate膜碳水化合物membrane flow膜流membrane lipid膜脂membrane protein膜蛋白membrane receptor膜受体membranous structure膜相结构messenger RNA信使核糖核酸mesosome 中间体metabolic coupling代谢偶联metacentric chromosome中央着丝粒染色体metaphase中期micelle微团microfilament微丝microscopy显微镜技术microsome微粒体microtrabecular lattice微梁网格microtubule微管microtubule associated protein,微管结合蛋白MAP微管组织中心microtubule organizing centers,MTOCmicrovillus微绒毛middle repetitive sequence 中度重复序列miniband微带missense mutation错义突变mitochondria线粒体mitosis有丝分裂mitosis phase有丝分裂期mitotic apparatus有丝分裂器mitotic factor, MF有丝分裂因子mobility流动性model for controlling gene基因表达调控模型expressionmolecular biology分子生物学molecular disease分子病monopotent cell单能细胞monosomy单体性multiple coiling model多级螺旋模型multipotent cell多能细胞myasthenia gravis重症肌无力症mycoplasma支原体myofibrils肌原纤维necrosis坏死neuropeptide 神经肽non-continuation不连续性non-histone非组蛋白non-membranous structure非膜相结构nonsense mutation无义突变nuclear envelope核被膜nuclear lamina核纤层nuclear matrix核基质nuclear pore核孔nuclear pore complex核孔复合体nuclear sap核液nuclear sex核性别nuclear skeleton核骨架nucleic acid 核酸nucleic acid hybridization核酸分子杂交nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio核质比nucleoid 类核体nucleoids拟核nucleolar associated chromatin核仁相随染色质nucleolar organizing region核仁组织区nucleolus核仁nucleosome核小体nucleotide核苷酸nucleosome core核小体核心nucleus细胞核nucleus transplantation核移植法nucleus-cytoplasm hybrid核质杂种Okazaki fragment岗崎片段oligomer fibronectin,oFN寡聚纤连蛋白oncogene癌基因operator gene 操纵基因operon操纵子operon theory操纵子学说organelle细胞器origin起点outer membrane外膜outer nuclear membrane外层核膜overlapping gene重叠基因oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化pachytene 粗线期pairing stage配对期partial monosome部分单体partial trisomy部分三体passive transport 被动运输patching成斑现象peptide bond肽键peptidyl site, P site 肽基位；P位perinuclear space核间隙perinucleolar chromatin 核仁周围染色质peripheral granule周边颗粒peripheral protein外周蛋白permeability通透性peroxisome; microbody过氧化物酶体；微体phagocytosis吞噬作用phagolysosome吞噬性溶酶体phagosome自噬体phase contrast microscope相差显微镜phenylalanine hydroxylase, PAH苯丙氨酸羟化酶phenylketonuria, PKU苯丙酮尿症phosphatidylinositol, PL磷脂酰肌醇phosphodiester bond磷酸二酯键phosphodiesterase, PDE磷酸二酯酶phosphoglyceride磷酸甘油酯phospholipase C,PLC磷脂酶C phospholipid磷脂pinocytosis胞饮作用pinocytotic vesicle吞饮泡plasma cell浆细胞plasma fibronectin, pFN血浆纤连蛋白plasmid质粒point mutation点突变polar microtubule极间微管polarizing microscope偏光显微镜polyadenylation多聚腺苷酸反应polyploid多倍体polyribosome多聚核糖体premature condensed chromosome,早熟染色体PCCpremeiosis interphase减数分裂前间期primary constriction主缢痕primary culture原代培养primary culture cell原代细胞programmed cell death 细胞程序性死亡prokaryotes原核生物prokaryotic cell原核细胞promotor启动子promotor gene 启动基因prophase前期protein蛋白质protein kinase C, PKC蛋白激酶C proteoglycan, PG蛋白聚糖protofilament原纤维protooncogene原癌基因protoplasm原生质purine嘌呤碱pyrimidine嘧啶碱receptor mediated endocytosis受体介导的内吞作用reciprocal translocation相互易位recombinant DNA technology重组DNA技术recombination nodules重组小节recombination stage重组期recondensation stage再凝集期redifferentiation再分化regulator gene调节基因release factor, RF释放因子replication复制replication eyes复制眼replication fork复制叉replicon复制子repressor阻碍物resolving power分辨力residual body残体respiratory chain呼吸链restriction endonuclease限制性内切核酸酶restriction point 限制点reverse transcription逆转录rho factor, ρρ因子ribonucleic acid, RNA核糖核酸ribophorin核糖体结合蛋白ribosomal RNA核糖体核糖核酸ribosome核糖核蛋白体RNA polymerase RNA聚合酶rough endoplasmic reticulum, rER sac 粗面内质网扁平囊same sense mutation同义突变sarcoplasmic reticulum肌质网satellite随体scanning electron microscope扫描电子显微镜scanning tunneling microscope 扫描隧道电子显微镜secondary constriction 次缢痕secondary culture传代培养semiautonomous organelle半自主性的细胞器semiconservative replication半保留复制semidiscontinuous replication半不连续复制sensor感受器sequential expression顺序表达sex chromosome 性染色体signal codon信号密码子signal hypothesis信号肽假说signal molecule信号分子signal peptide信号肽signal recognition particle, SPR信号识别颗粒simple diffusion简单扩散single sequence单一序列single-stranded DNA binding单链DNA结合蛋白proteinsinglet单管small nuclear RNA, snRNA小分子细胞核RNA smooth endoplasmic reticulum, sER滑面内质网solenoid螺线管sparsomycin稀疏酶素sphingomyelin神经鞘磷脂spindle纺锤体splicing 剪接split gene断裂基因start codon起始密码子stem cell干细胞stress fiber张力基因structural gene结构基因submetacentric chromosome亚中着丝粒染色体supersolenoid超螺线管suppressor tRNA校正tRNA synapsis联会synaptonemal complex联会复合体synkaryon合核体synonymous codon同义密码子synonymous mutation同义突变T lymphocyte T淋巴细胞tailing加尾telomere端粒telophase末期terminal deletion末端缺失terminalization端化terminator终止子tetrad四分体tetraploid四倍体thymine胸腺嘧啶three dimensional structure,3D三维结构tight junction紧密连接tissue cell组织细胞tissue engineering组织工程totipotency全能性trans Golgi network反面高尔基网状结构transcribed spacer转录间隔区transcription转录transdifferentiation转分化transfer RNA转运核糖核酸transformation转化transition转换translation翻译translocation易位transport protein运输蛋白transposition转座transversion颠换transmission electron microscope透视电子显微镜tricarboxylic acid cycle三羧酸循环trigger protein触发蛋白triplet三联管triploid三倍体triskelion三臂蛋白trisomy三体tubulin微管蛋白tumor necrosis factor肿瘤坏死因子Turner’s syndrome先天性卵巢发育不全症tyrosinase, TN酪氨酸酶ultravoltage electron microscope超高压电子显微镜unit membrane单位膜untranscribed spacer非转录间隔区unwinding protein解链蛋白uracil尿嘧啶uridine monophosphate, UMP vacuole 尿苷一磷酸；尿苷酸大囊泡vector vesicle 载体小囊泡vinculin粘着斑连接蛋白wobble hypothesis摇摆学说X chromatin X染色质Y chromatin Y染色质zygotene 偶线期麻醉学Public Health公共健康Cancer/Oncology癌症/肿瘤Pulmonary Disease肺脏疾病Cardiac Electrophysiology心脏电生理Radiation辐射病学Cardiology - Interventional 心脏病-介入Radiology放射病学Cardiology - Noninvasive心脏病-无创介入Reproductive Endocrinology 生殖内分泌病学Cardiology and Circulation 心脏与循环系统疾病Respiratory呼吸科Clinical Genetics临床遗传学Rheumatology风湿病学Clinical Immunology临床免疫学Stomatology口腔医学clinical laboratory检验科Sexual Dysfunction性功能障碍医学Clinical Pharmacology 临床药理学Spinal Cord Injury脊髓损伤病学Clinical Psychology临床心理学Surgery - General普通外科Critical Care Medicine 危重病医学Toxicology毒理学Dentistry牙科Urology泌尿科Dermatology皮肤科Veterinary Science兽医学Dermatopathology皮肤病理学Virology病毒学Diabetes糖尿病Occupational Medicine 职业医学Emergency Medicine急诊医学Oncology - Medical肿瘤医学Endocrinology内分泌医学Oncology - Radiation 放射肿瘤学Epidemiology流行病学Oncology - Surgical 肿瘤外科手术学Family Practice家庭实践医学Ophthalmology眼科Gastroenterology胃肠病学Orthopedics骨科学Geriatrics老年病学Other Clinical Medicine 其他临床医学Gynecology妇产科学Otorhinolaryngology耳鼻咽喉科Hematology血液学Pain Medicine疼痛医学Hematology - Oncology 血液肿瘤学Palliative Medicine姑息医学Hepatology肝脏病学Pathology病理学Hypertension高血压Pediatrics小儿科Infectious Diseases传染病学Physical Medicine & Rehab 理疗与康复Internal Medicine内科学Physiology生理学Maternal & Fetal Medicine 孕产妇和胎儿医学plastic surgery整形外科Microbiology微生物学Preventive Medicine预防医学Nephrology肾脏病学Psychiatry精神病学Neurology神经病学Psychiatry - Addiction 精神病学-成瘾学Neurology - Child儿童神经病学Psychiatry - Child精神病学-儿童Nuclear Medicine核医学Psychiatry - General 精神病学-一般Nursing护理学Psychiatry - Geriatric精神病学-老年Nutrition营养学Pharmacology药理学Obstetrics & Gynecology 妇产科学Plant Science植物科学Occupational Medicine职业医学Zoology动物学麻醉学Public Health公共健康Cancer/Oncology癌症/肿瘤Pulmonary Disease肺脏疾病Cardiac Electrophysiology 心脏电生理Radiation辐射病学Cardiology - Interventional 心脏病-介入Radiology放射病学Cardiology - Noninvasive心脏病-无创介入Reproductive Endocrinology 生殖内分泌病学Cardiology and Circulation 心脏与循环系统疾病Respiratory呼吸科Clinical Genetics临床遗传学Rheumatology风湿病学Clinical Immunology临床免疫学Stomatology口腔医学clinical laboratory检验科Sexual Dysfunction性功能障碍医学Clinical Pharmacology 临床药理学Spinal Cord Injury脊髓损伤病学Clinical Psychology临床心理学Surgery - General普通外科Critical Care Medicine 危重病医学Toxicology毒理学Dentistry牙科Urology泌尿科Dermatology皮肤科Veterinary Science兽医学Dermatopathology皮肤病理学Virology病毒学Diabetes糖尿病Occupational Medicine 职业医学Emergency Medicine急诊医学Oncology - Medical肿瘤医学Endocrinology内分泌医学Oncology - Radiation 放射肿瘤学Epidemiology流行病学Oncology - Surgical 肿瘤外科手术学Family Practice家庭实践医学Ophthalmology眼科Gastroenterology胃肠病学Orthopedics骨科学Geriatrics老年病学Other Clinical Medicine 其他临床医学Gynecology妇产科学Otorhinolaryngology耳鼻咽喉科Hematology血液学Pain Medicine疼痛医学Hematology - Oncology 血液肿瘤学Palliative Medicine姑息医学Hepatology肝脏病学Pathology病理学Hypertension高血压Pediatrics小儿科Infectious Diseases传染病学Physical Medicine & Rehab 理疗与康复Internal Medicine内科学Physiology生理学Maternal & Fetal Medicine 孕产妇和胎儿医学plastic surgery整形外科Microbiology微生物学Preventive Medicine预防医学Nephrology肾脏病学Psychiatry精神病学Neurology神经病学Psychiatry - Addiction 精神病学-成瘾学Neurology - Child儿童神经病学Psychiatry - Child精神病学-儿童Nuclear Medicine核医学Psychiatry - General 精神病学-一般Nursing护理学Psychiatry - Geriatric精神病学-老年Nutrition营养学Pharmacology药理学Obstetrics & Gynecology 妇产科学Plant Science植物科学Occupational Medicine 职业医学Zoology动物学 s。
单克隆抗体制备注意事项
单克隆抗体(McAb)制备技术1975年Khler和Milstein首次利用杂交瘤技术生产单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,McAb)获得成功，开创了免疫学和分子生物学研究的新纪元，被人们誉为“免疫学中的一场革命”，该项技术具有巨大生命力和发展前景，目前已被成功地用于分子生物学、免疫学、细菌学、病毒学、生物化学、遗传学、药物学等许多领域的研究。
下面以抗空肠弯曲菌共同抗原McAb的制备为例，介绍McAb的制备技术。
一、材料和方法(一) 材料1 PRMI1640培养液 PRMI1640培养基粉104g，双蒸馏水1000ml，抽滤或高压蒸气灭菌，每瓶80ml分装。
2 完全PRMI1640培养液 PRMI1640培养液80ml,1mol/L Hepes2ml,0.2mol/L谷氨酰胺1ml，青、链霉素溶液(1000u/ml)1ml，灭活小牛血清20ml。
3 次黄嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶核苷(HT母液×100)次黄嘌呤1361mg，胸腺嘧核苷387mg，蒸馏水加至100ml。
在45～50℃水浴中溶解，过滤除菌，分装小试管，每支5ml，置-20℃中保存。
4 氨基喋呤(A母液×100)氨基喋呤176mg，蒸馏水90ml，1mol/L NaOH 0.5ml，加蒸馏水至100ml，再加0.5ml 1mol/L HCl中和，过滤除菌，分装小试管，每支5ml，置-20℃中保存。
5 HAT选择性培养基完全PRMI1640培养液100ml,100×HT母液1ml，100×A母液1ml。
用5%NaHCO3调整pH值至7.4左右。
6 HT培养液完全RPMI1640培养液100ml，100×HT母液1ml。
用5%NaHCO3调整pH值至7.4左右。
7 50%聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液将PEG(MW4000)放在试管内加盖，121.3℃高压蒸气灭菌20min。
使用前加入等量的pH值8.2无血清培养液，置56℃混合，直至完全溶解，移置37℃备用。
河南省人教版高中英语教材基本框架(M1-M9)
directions
Word formation
Unit1
Great sientists
How to organize Talking about scientific research scientific jobs
The Past Participle(1) as the Attribute and
Unit5
The qualities of Nelson great person Mandela-a modern
hero The lives of some great people
Asking opinions
Giving opinions
The Attributive Clause2(wher e,when,why,p rep.+which/w hom)
Unit1
Great sientists
Contributions of scientists
The Past
Participle(1)
Describing as the
people(appeara Attribute and
nce,
Predicative
charactersitics
and qualities)
communication
Prohibition and warning Obligation
The -ing form as the Attribute and Adverbial
Unit5
Asking the way
Theme parks
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文献阅读-8、小鼠冈上肌腱损伤模型鉴定肩袖愈合的细胞起源
小鼠冈上肌腱损伤模型鉴定肩袖愈合的细胞起源这里描述促进肩袖愈合的细胞群的起源，动物模型缺损是在冈上肌手术中造成的，注射他莫昔芬标记细胞，结果表在滑囊侧形成的一层长而薄的组织，覆盖在冈上肌腱上；缺损近端肌腱细胞增生、排列紊乱；止点远端重塑轻微。
正常肩关节中，tdTomato在PRG4-9中表达于滑囊侧的肌腱中间物质和腱旁细胞，在SMA-9中表达于肩峰腱旁、血管和骨膜，在AGC-9小鼠的关节软骨、冈上肌腱止点和肩锁关节的未矿化纤维软骨中表达。
PRG4-9和SMA-9小鼠损伤愈合组织中tdTomato+细胞数量较多，而AGC-9小鼠损伤愈合组织中tdTomato+细胞数量较少。
肩袖疾病的发病率和患病率随着年龄的增长而增加，部分厚度的撕裂很难处理，通常不能愈合，并可能进展为全层撕裂。
许多保守治疗失败的全层撕裂患者接受手术修复，但再撕裂很常见，尤其是大撕裂。
蛋白多糖4 (Prg4)基因在其他蛋白质中编码润滑蛋白，可能在肌腱束滑动中起作用，但也在关节囊的滑膜和关节软骨中强表达。
肩袖肌腱损伤通常发生在附着点的纤维软骨附近，在一个小鼠手术模型，在冈上肌中建立一个中央脱离，并在手术后研究不同细胞群的反应。
与修饰的雌激素受体配体结合域(ERT2)融合的Cre重组酶可通过他莫昔芬注射液[22]短暂激活该酶。
冈上肌中央宽度全层脱离的愈合反应在滑囊侧形成一层长而薄的组织，覆盖在冈上肌腱上，组织也有关节囊样外观，离体近端肌腱区域发生了结构变化，在术后1周时断裂甚至细胞减少，然后在2周时转变为高度紊乱和细胞增多，冈上肌止点剩余肌腱残端在愈合过程中基本没有变化，纤维软骨组织几乎没有重塑。
PRG4-9小鼠显示，在冈上肌滑囊侧的肌腱中间物质和腱膜旁细胞中，tdTomato (tdTom)表达。
tdTom+细胞在肱骨和关节囊的关节软骨中也很明显。
SMA-9小鼠显示tdTom+细胞位于腱膜旁、血管和锁骨/肩峰周围的骨膜。
在AGC-9小鼠中，tdTom在肱骨关节软骨、冈上肌腱止点未矿化纤维软骨和肩锁关节的纤维软骨细胞中表达，在肌腱中间物质、肌腱连接处或腱旁未见tdTom+细胞。
富血小板血浆在膝关节疾病治疗中的应用
富血小板血浆在膝关节疾病治疗中的应用刘永辉赵烨王向阳郭马珑崔宏勋【摘要】富血小板血浆(platelet-rich-plasma，PRP)是利用全血各成分沉降系数不同特性离心而得到的高浓度血小板血浆，由于其富含多种促进组织修复的生长因子，且制作、使用便捷而被广泛运用到骨科领域，尤其是近几年在治疗膝关节疾病疗效方面备受关注。
本文就其治疗膝关节骨性关节炎、半月板、交叉韧带损伤及膝关节滑膜炎方面做一综述，为临床治疗膝关节常见疾病提供参考。
【关键词】富血小板血浆；膝关节骨性关节炎；半月板损伤；交叉韧带损伤；膝关节滑膜炎【Abstract】Platelet-rich-plasma is a high-concentration platelet plasma obtained by centrifugation with different characteristics of sedimentation coefficients of all components of the whole blood.It is widely used in the field of orthopedics because it is rich in a variety of growth factors to promote tissue repair and is easy to make and use，especially in the treatment of knee diseases in recent years.In this paper，the treatment of knee osteoarthritis，meniscus，cruciate ligament injury and knee synovitis are reviewed to provide reference for clinical treatment of common knee diseases.【Key words】Platelet-rich-plasma；Knee osteoarthritis；Meniscus injury；Cruciate ligament injury；Knee synovitis富血小板血浆(platelet-rich-plasma，PRP)是自体外周血离心而得到以血小板和白细胞为主的血浆，研究发现[1]，PRP中含有转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β)，成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factor，FGF)，血小板衍化生长因子(platelet-derived growth factor，PDGF)，血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF)等多种细胞因子和介质，通过PRP注射到受损组织等方式能够促进损伤组织的修复与再生[2]。
新版蛋白质分离技术-电泳培训课件.ppt
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琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离血浆脂蛋白
原理 血清脂蛋白经饱和苏丹黑B预染后，以
琼脂糖凝胶为支持介质，在pH8.6巴比妥 缓冲液中电泳，根据各脂蛋白的组成、 大小、形状分离成不同区带。
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蛋白质分离技术-电泳
上海交通大学医学院 倪培华 副教授
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琼脂糖凝胶
天然琼脂（agar）:又名琼胶、菜燕、冻粉 从 石花菜及其它红藻类植物提取出来的一种线状高 聚物。 琼脂糖（agarose）
琼脂胶（agaropectin）
Acid sulfate
Carboxylic acid groups 在电场作用下能产生较强的电渗现象
(high density lipoprotein, HDL)
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（三）结 构 特 征
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CM
—
LDL
VLDL HDL
+
加样槽
β
前β α
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临床应用：高脂蛋白血症的分型 CM β 前β α
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参考书目
《临床生物化学及生物化学检验》 第三版 人民卫生出版社 周新 主编 《电泳》科学出版社 何忠效 张树政 主编 《蛋白质电泳实验技术》 科学出版社 郭尧君 《蛋白质技术手册》 科学出版社 汪家政 范敏 主编
抗人脂肪酸结合蛋白的单克隆抗体的制备(英文)
抗人脂肪酸结合蛋白的单克隆抗体的制备(英文)
刘宇峰;CHENG-Shong;RENNEBERG R
【期刊名称】《南京大学学报：自然科学版》
【年(卷),期】2000(36)3
【总页数】4页(P375-378)
【关键词】脂肪酸结合蛋白;单克隆抗体;特异性;制备
【作者】刘宇峰;CHENG-Shong;RENNEBERG R
【作者单位】南京大学医学院;香港科技大学化学系
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】Q511.03;R392.11
【相关文献】
1.肝脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白的重组表达及其单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定 [J], 宋巍;杨海波;陈兰英
2.人心肌脂肪酸结合蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定 [J], 郑杰;龚成;赵肃清
3.抗人C4结合蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及某些方法的改进 [J], 费如珍;徐愤
4.抗MHCⅡ类抗原单克隆抗体人血清蛋白氨甲喋呤结合物的制备及活性研究 [J], 郝蕾;王文学;沈素芸;胡盛惠;孙秉中;谭渭泉;陈璋
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基于LC-MS-MS的蛋白质组学
基于LC-MS-MS的蛋白质组学蛋白质组学是对生物系统中所有蛋白质的全面分析，基于质谱的蛋白质组学已成为鉴定和量化生物体蛋白质组的首选工具，随着质谱和分离方法的最新进展，液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS-MS）技术得以诞生并在包括蛋白质组学在内的各种组学研究广泛运用。
LC-MS-MS 技术将质谱的高精度鉴定与色谱的分离技术结合起来，可高通量提供待测物的定性和定量分析。
基于LC-MS-MS的蛋白质组学是一种自下而上的蛋白质组学质谱分析方法，几乎所有的蛋白质质谱分析都离不开LC-MS-MS技术，如蛋白分子量、含量、氨基酸序列以及翻译后修饰鉴定等。
利用LC-MS-MS技术进行蛋白质组学分析的大致思路是首先对复杂的蛋白质样品进行酶解，将蛋白质消化成肽，再将消化得到的肽片段利用液相色谱进行分离以获得更均匀的肽混合物，然后使用质谱仪分析所得的肽产物，根据一级质谱和二级质谱检测到的数据对蛋白质进行定性鉴定以及丰度水平的量化等。
百泰派克生物科技使用Thermo公司最新推出的Obitrap Fusion Lumos质谱仪结合Nano-LC纳升色谱技术，提供高效精准的蛋白质组学LC-MS-MS分析。
技术包裹，可用于检测残留化合物、鉴定有机小分子以及确认和定量制药和食品样品中的污染物和掺杂物，另外，还可以用于分析蛋白质等大分子物质，如蛋白质测序、蛋白质翻译后修饰位点分析和定量蛋白质组学等，欢迎免费咨询。
相关服务：定量蛋白组分析。
蛋白质质谱鉴定。
基于质谱的序列分析。
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多肽质谱鉴定。
Shotgun鸟枪法蛋白质鉴定。
Pull-down靶蛋白质谱鉴定。
翻译后修饰蛋白组分析。
蛋白测序。
蛋白质N/C端测序。
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Plasmid Electroporation
The parental CHO K1 cells were transfected with a proprietary GFP expression vector in the test media by electroporation, using a Gene Pulser II Electroporator (Bio-Rad). 4 mm-gap electroporation cuvettes (BioRad and Sigma-Aldrich) were chilled on ice for 10 minutes prior to transfection. Parental CHO K1 stock culture was centrifuged at 200 RCF for 5 minutes and re-suspended in test media at 5.0 x 106 viable cells/ mL. 0.8 mL cell suspension was gently mixed with 50 µg of sterile plasmid DNA in an Eppendorf tube and transferred to an electroporation cuvette. Electroporation was conducted in exponential decay mode (time constant ∞) at 300 Volts and 950 µF capacitance. The electroporated cell suspension was then immediately transferred into 5 mL test medium for recovery. Samples were taken at this point to evaluate post-electroporation viability using a ViCell XR Automated Cell Viability Analyzer (Beckman-Coulter). The remaining suspension was then recovered in T25 tissue culture flasks (Corning) for 24 hours at 37 °C, 5% CO2.
Figure 4: DOE Mixing Statistical Analysis and Numerical Optimization
Run C6366 0% 33% 33% 17% 100% 33% 0% 50% SAFC Medium A 0% 33% 33% 67% 0% 33% 100% 0% SAFC Medium B 100% 33% 33% 17% 0% 33% 0% 50% Run 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 C6366 50% 0% 100% 17% 67% 0% 33% 0% SAFC Medium A 50% 50% 0% 17% 17% 100% 33% 0% SAFC Medium B 0% 50% 0% 67% 17% 0% 33% 100% Post-electroporation viability, average Relative Fluorescence Units (RFU’s) from triplicate samples and viable cell density (VCD) after 24 hours recovery were used as parameters to perform statistical analysis (quadrant models selected for all three parameters, model fit p<0.01). Numerical optimization was performed based on the importance assigned to each parameter (depicted in Figure 4, left panel). The optimized formulation was indicated in the contour plot (right panel). Based on the statistical analysis, the optimized mixing ratio was 29.6% EX-CELL CHO Cloning Medium (C6366), 18.8% SAFC Medium A and 51.6% SAFC Medium B.
Materials and Methods
Cell Lines and Media
The stock cultures of parental CHO K1 cell line (ATCC) were maintained in suspension culture in EX-CELL CHO DHFR Medium (C8862). A stock culture of clonal CHO K1 cells expressing a proprietary Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP) was maintained in EX-CELL ACF CHO Medium (C5467) supplemented with 200 µg/mL G418. All SAFC formulations were supplemented with 4 mM L-Glutamine. Competitor Medium A was supplemented with 8mM L-Gln and 1x HT Supplement according to manufacturer’s instructions. Competitor Media B and C were used without additional supplementation.
Name C6366 (X-1) SAFCB Medium A (X-2) SAFCB Medium B (X-3) Post EP Viability RFU (D1) VCD (D1)
Goal is in range is in range is in range maximize maximize maximize
Cell Sciences & Development, SAFC, 2909 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, USA
Introduction
Electroporation is widely used for gene delivery in cell line generation, and is the method of choice for serum-free suspension culture transfection. Electroporation protocols and media can have a major impact on post-electroporation cell viability and transfection efficiency. Many laboratories use Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), various buffers or growth media for electroporation, which can lead to variable postelectroporation viabilities and transfection levels. We have optimized a single electroporation and recovery medium in an effort to increase post-electroporation cell viability, recovery viable cell density, and protein expression levels for Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells. We demonstrated that EX-CELL® CHO Cloning Medium (C6366) supports electroporation of plasmid DNA as well as siRNA into CHO K1 cells. We conducted electroporation and recovery media optimization using Design of Experiments (DOE) by mixing EX-CELL CHO Cloning Medium (C6366) with two other SAFC media in order to further improve transfection efficiency and post-electroporation recovery. By optimizing post-electroporation viabilities, viable cell densities and protein expression levels, we were able to create an optimized formulation. This optimized formulation achieved equivalent or higher post-electroporation viabilities, equivalent or higher viable cell densities after 24 hours recovery, and up to five-fold higher transient protein expression levels than other media tested.