专业英语胃溃疡
〖医学〗消化性溃疡(peptic ulcer)
• 二 胃酸和胃蛋白酶
• 消化性溃疡主要由胃酸-胃蛋白酶自身消化所致，它在 “ H p”时代仍未改变。
• 主细胞分泌胃蛋白酶原经盐酸激活转变成胃蛋白酶， 能降解蛋白质分子，对黏膜有侵袭作用。
• 胃蛋白酶的生物活性取决于胃液pH，因为胃蛋白酶原 需经盐酸激活，而且当胃液pH升高到4以上时，胃蛋白 酶将失去活性。
消化性溃疡（peptic ulcer)
• 定义：主要指发生在胃和十二指肠的慢性溃疡，胃
溃疡（gastric ulcer)和十二指肠溃疡（duodenal ulcer)， 亦可发生于食管、胃-空肠吻合口附近以及Meckel憩室。
它们的形成与胃酸-胃蛋白酶的消化作用有关。 • 糜烂：黏膜缺损限于黏膜表层 • 溃疡：黏膜缺损超过黏膜肌层
要病因 • （一）消化性溃疡患者中Hp感染率高 • 排除抗生素、铋剂或非甾体抗炎药等因素，DU Hp感
染率为90-100%，GU为80-90%。 • Hp感染率者中发生消化性溃疡的危险性亦显著增加，
其中15-20%的人可发生消化性溃疡。
• （二）根除Hp可促进溃疡愈合和显著降低溃疡复发
率
• 根除Hp而无抑制胃酸分泌作用的治疗方案可有效愈合 溃疡，根除Hp后4周复查，溃疡愈合率高于或等于常规 制酸治疗4-6周的愈合率。
• 难治性溃疡在有效根除Hp后，得到痊愈。
• 常规制酸治疗后愈合的溃疡，停药后溃疡的年复发率 为50-70%。根除Hp可使溃疡的年复发率降至5%以下。
• 根除Hp还可显著降低溃疡出血等并发症的发生率。
• 空泡毒素（VacA）蛋白和细胞毒素相关基因（CagA) 蛋白是Hp毒力的主要标志。 VacA蛋白可使培养的细胞 产生空泡； CagA蛋白的功能尚不清楚。
中英文--西医肠胃科术语英文翻译
西医肠胃科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医肠胃科术语英文翻译：1. 胃食管反流病：Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)2. 胃炎：Gastritis3. 消化性溃疡：Peptic Ulcer4. 胃溃疡：Gastric Ulcer5. 十二指肠溃疡：Duodenal Ulcer6. 肠道炎性疾病：Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)7. 克罗恩病：Crohn's Disease8. 溃疡性结肠炎：Ulcerative Colitis9. 肠易激综合征：Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)10. 肠梗阻：Intestinal Obstruction11. 肠穿孔：Intestinal Perforation12. 肛门脓肿：Perianal Abscess13. 大便失禁：Fecal Incontinence14. 便秘：Constipation15. 腹泻：Diarrhea16. 急性肠胃炎：Acute Gastroenteritis17. 肠息肉：Intestinal Polyps18. 肠癌：Colorectal Cancer19. 胃镜检查：Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)20. 肠镜检查：Colonoscopy21. X线钡剂灌肠检查：Barium Enema X-ray Examination22. 大便潜血试验：Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)23. 腹部平片检查：Abdominal Plain Film Examination24. 腹部CT检查：Abdominal CT Scan25. 直肠指诊：Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)26. 内窥镜超声检查：Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS)27. 上消化道出血：Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding28. 下消化道出血：Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding29. 幽门螺杆菌检测：Helicobacter Pylori Detection30. 肝功能检查：Liver Function Tests (LFTs)31. 胃肠道营养支持：Gastrointestinal Nutrition Support32. 全肠外营养支持：Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)33. 内镜下息肉摘除术：Endoscopic Polypectomy34. 肛周脓肿切开引流术：Perianal Abscess Incision and Drainage35. 大肠癌根治术：Radical Resection of Colorectal Cancer36. 胃肠道转流手术：Gastrointestinal Bypass Surgery37. 人工肛门括约肌成形术：Artificial Sphincter Placement Surgery38. 肠道微生物移植：Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)39. 小肠移植：Small Bowel Transplantation40. 造口术及造口护理：Stoma Surgery and Stoma Care41. 胃癌根治术：Radical Resection of Gastric Cancer42. 胰腺炎治疗：Pancreatitis Management43. 胆道疾病治疗：Biliary Tract Disease Management44. 功能性胃肠疾病的心理治疗：Psychological Therapies for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs)45. 小肠镜检与治疗：Capsule Endoscopy and Therapy for Small Bowel Conditions。
英语会话及医院常用词汇
int rade rmal subcuticula r 皮内注射 point injection 穴位注射 subcutaneous ( hypodermic) injection 皮下注射 int ramuscula r injection 肌肉注射 int rave nous injection 静脉注射 int rave nous drip 静脉 滴入 int ra2ar te rial injection 动脉注射 int rapteural injection 胸膜腔内注射 int rathecal injection 鞘内注射 int ra2ar ticular injec tion 关节内注射 thoracente sis 胸腔穿刺 a bdominocentesis 腹腔穿刺 perica rdiocentesis 心包穿刺 lumbar p unct ur e 腰椎穿 刺 bone mar row puncture 骨髓穿刺 vent riculo punct ure 脑室穿刺 subdural tap 硬膜下穿刺 int raarticular puncture 关节内穿刺 live r ( spleen , kidne y , lymph node) p uncture 肝 (脾 ,肾 ,淋 巴结) 穿刺 tapping 穿刺放液 inf usion(of f luid) 输液 bloo d tra nsf usion 输血 int rave nous hype ralimentation 静脉高营养治疗 fetal liver transf usion 胎肝输注 fetal liver transplantation 胎肝移植 a uto2fe tal liver transf usion 自身胎肝输注 blood component t ransf usior (t herapy) 血液成分输注 (疗法) yo u n g re d bloo d cells tr an sf u sio r 年 青红 细胞输注 p acke d re d bloo d cell s 压积红细胞
消化内科英语专业词汇
消化内科英语专业词汇一、消化系统器官相关词汇。
1. esophagus [iːˈsɒfəɡəs]（名词，食管）2. stomach [ˈstʌmək]（名词，胃）- gastric [ˈɡæstrɪk]（形容词，胃的，例如：gastric juice 胃液）3. intestine [ɪnˈtestɪn]（名词，肠）- small intestine [smɔːl ɪnˈtestɪn]（名词短语，小肠）- large intestine [lɑːdʒɪnˈtestɪn]（名词短语，大肠）- intestinal [ɪnˈtestɪnl]（形容词，肠的）4. liver [ˈlɪvə(r)]（名词，肝脏）- hepatic [hɪˈpætɪk]（形容词，肝的，例如：hepatic artery 肝动脉）5. gallbladder [ˈɡɔːlˌblædə(r)]（名词，胆囊）6. pancreas [ˈpæŋkriəs]（名词，胰腺）- pancreatic [ˌpæŋkriˈætɪk]（形容词，胰腺的，例如：pancreatic juice 胰液）二、消化系统疾病相关词汇。
1. ulcer [ˈʌlsə(r)]（名词，溃疡）- gastric ulcer [ˈɡæstrɪk ˈʌlsə(r)]（名词短语，胃溃疡）- duodenal ulcer [ˌdjuːəˈdiːnl ˈʌlsə(r)]（名词短语，十二指肠溃疡）2. gastritis [ɡæˈstraɪtɪs]（名词，胃炎）3. enteritis [ˌentəˈraɪtɪs]（名词，肠炎）4. hepatitis [ˌhepəˈtaɪtɪs]（名词，肝炎）- hepatitis A [ˌhepəˈtaɪtɪs eɪ]（名词短语，甲型肝炎）- hepatitis B [ˌhepəˈtaɪtɪs biː]（名词短语，乙型肝炎）5. cirrhosis [sɪˈrəʊsɪs]（名词，肝硬化）6. pancreatitis [ˌpæŋkriəˈtaɪtɪs]（名词，胰腺炎）7. cholecystitis [ˌkɒlɪsɪˈstaɪtɪs]（名词，胆囊炎）三、消化内科检查相关词汇。
胃的英语单词
胃的英语单词“胃”，又称腹部胃，在英语中有两个主要的词汇：Stomach和Gastric。
Stomach的意思指的是胃的整体，是一个由多层组织构成的柔软的动态结构，它位于上腹部，形状很像椭圆形，它与胆囊、胰腺、脾脏以及肠道都有关系，而它的功能有接受食物、消化乳糖、分泌胃酸、消化蛋白等。
像stomachache（胃痛）、stomach flu（胃肠病毒）和stomach ulcer（胃溃疡）等疾病都属于胃的病症类型。
Gastric指的是胃的一个部分，也叫做消化道胃，它是一种消化系统的构建，它可以帮助分解复杂的碳水化合物，此外，它还可以合成氨基酸，维生素和脂肪，从而使一些有益的成分进入血液。
它以及消化道胃壁上的一些局部称为Gastric mucosa，学名Gastric gland，它由黏膜细胞、黏液细胞和粘液细胞组成，其主要功能是产生胃液，保护胃壁免受有害物质的侵害，以及对粘膜胆汁具有一定的抗感染作用。
腹部胃有两个主要的构成部分，一个是腹部胃，即上文所说的Stomach，另一个是消化道胃，即Gastric。
它们的主要作用是帮助消化、合成氨基酸、维生素和脂肪等有益的成分，减少病毒和细菌的侵入，调节营养和血液的吸收，维护肠壁的健康。
一般来说，如果胃的功能出现偏差、胃溃疡发作等，我们就应该及时就医治疗，以保证胃的健康和生理功能正常。
针对胃功能出现问题，治疗首先要做的是进行相应的化验检查，以确定其原因，以便为病人采取恰当的治疗方法。
经检查发现，很多胃问题的根本原因是不正常的饮食习惯，因此患者应该严格控制饮食，调整饮食习惯，减少腹泻、腹胀等问题，以保持消化道和胃的健康。
此外，为了补充胃内缺乏的营养物质，也可以服用一些保胃健脾的中药，以改善脾胃功能，平衡消化系统，消除胃痛、腹泻、胃酸过多等问题。
总之，保持胃部健康非常重要，要遵守正常的饮食习惯，每天采用合理的饮食，及早发现并处理胃病，以避免消化系统的损害。
此外，合理的运动也是很有帮助的，可以提高消化系统的功能。
专业英语胃溃疡课件
? lifestyle factors:Ulcer patients in some occupations such as doctors, drivers seem to be more common among people, possibly due to regular diet-related
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Complications of peptic ulcer according to their different number of different symptoms canocur.
? symptoms can occur ? Bleeding ? Perforation ? Pyloric obstruction
? Ulcer disease with recurrent abdominal pain on the rhythm of clinical features, often accompanied by belching, back to acid, hot, noisy and feeling, and even nausea, vomiting, vomiting blood, blood in the stool. Locally in the gastrointestinal round, oval chronic ulcers.
? Other factors:Geographical environment and climate are also important factors.
专业英语-影诊篇1
―医学影像诊断学‖专业英语学习技巧（1）—词根、前后缀和常见疾病病名篇为了配合学生们学习―医学影像诊断学‖专业英语，本人根据自己的教学经验，总结出如下技巧，供同学们参考。
医学影像诊断学专业英语学习中的技巧包括：l 熟记常用的词根、前后缀和病名l 熟记常用的高频词和句型l 熟记全文阅读中的关键词l 结合专业知识进行阅读和猜测本文针对这几个方面提供了如下相关内容，供同学们参考。
常用的词根、前后缀和常见疾病病名Why Do We Study Medical Terminology?The number of Medical words are enormous. How many medical words are there in a medium-sized medical dictionary? The answer is around 100,000, which is only a conservative estimate. Moreover, like the jargon（行话）in all forward-moving fields, the number is expanding so constantly and quickly that it defies 藐视any memorization!Most medical terms are based on Greek and Latinwords, which areconsistent 一致的and uniform 统一的throughout manydifferent areas. These Greek and Latin parts of words are called the root, prefix, suffix, combing vowels and combining forms.The root, prefix, suffix can aid in learning and remembering medical terms and even help in making informed guesses as to the meaning of unfamiliar words.Furthermore, their numbers are limited, about 400 to 500 or so (the most active ones), but the combinations derived from them are enormous. From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably reach the conclusion that to learn the root, prefix, suffix is much more efficient and meaningful than to try to memorize every medical term.••adeno-腺•angio- 血管•arterio－动脉•arthro-关节•atrio-心房;•bi-双,生，生命•blastoma－胚细胞瘤•carcino－癌•card-, cardio-,心,贲门•centesis-穿刺术•cephal-, cephalo-头•chondr-;chondrio-软骨；•chromato-; chrom-; chromo-色•colon-结肠•cranio-颅•cyano-青紫，绀•cysto-囊肿，膀胱；•cyto-细胞•dendron-树突•derma－皮，皮肤•diplo-双,两•dys –不良，困难，障碍•enteric-肠•exo-外•fibro－纤维•ganglio-神经节•glio－：胶质；•glyco- gluco- 糖，甜•gon－精液，种子，膝；•graphy--书写，记录，摄影•hemi-半;•hemo-,haemo- 血•hepato-肝•histo－组织•hyper－高，多，超；•hystero-子宫,癔病•iatro-医师,医学•idio-自发，特异；•infra－在下；•inter-间;•intra-－内，在内；•latero-侧，旁•leio-平滑•lingo-舌•lysis－；lyso-溶解• -megaly大；•meningo－脑膜，脊膜；•meno-月经•meta－变，转•meta－间位,偏位,变,转,后,旁,次•mito-线•mono－单，一•morpho－形态，形•muco－黏液•multi－多•myelo-, myel-，髓，脊髓•myo-肌•necro－坏死，尸体•nephro-肾•neuro/neur-神经•oligo－少；•osteo－骨；•-plasty 成形术•pneumo-气，气体，呼吸•poly－多•pseudo-假•pulmo -肺•pyelo－肾盂•pykno-致密•pyloro-幽门;•rectal-直肠的•renal 肾的•retro-后，向后，在后•salpingo-管,咽鼓管,输卵管•sarco-肉，肌•scope，镜•semi－半•sphero-球•sterno-胸骨•sub--下，在下，次，亚•supra-:上•supra－tentorial 幕上的•thoraco-胸•thrombo-－血栓•-tomy,切开术•toxico- 毒•trans-经，越，横过，•tri－三•uni-一，单；•urino-, uro-, ur-,urono-尿•varico- 静脉曲张•vaso- 血管•veno－静脉•ventriculo－（脑，心）室•vertebro- 椎骨，脊柱•adenoma 腺瘤•adenomyosis子宫内膜异位症•adnexitis 子宫附件炎•air bronchogram 支气管气像•aortic regurgitation 主动脉关闭不全•aortic stenosis 主动脉狭窄•arteriovenous malformation 动静脉畸形•arthropathy 关节病•astrocytoma 星形细胞瘤•atelectasis 肺不张•atrial septal defect房间隔缺损•arteriovenous fistulae , AVF 动静脉瘘•bronchial foreign body支气管异物•bronchiectasis 支气管扩张•bronchiolitis 细支气管炎•cerebral Infarction 脑梗死•chondroma 软骨瘤•colonoscopy 结肠镜检查术•congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭•consolidation 肺实变•coronary heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病•craniopharyngioma 颅咽管瘤•DWI 扩散成像•emphysema 肺气肿•ependymoma 室管膜瘤.•epidural haematoma 硬脑膜外血肿•filling defect 充盈缺损•four chamber subcostal view 剑突下四腔心•gastric ulcer 胃溃疡•giant cell tumor of bone 骨巨细胞瘤•glioblastoma 恶性胶质瘤•glioma 胶质瘤•hepatic cavernous haemangioma 肝海绵状血管瘤•hepatocellular carcinoma 肝细胞肝癌•hepatomegaly 肝肿大•inferior vena cava 下腔静脉•infertility 不孕症,•intraluminal crater 腔内龛影•mediastinal thyroid mass 胸内甲状腺•MIP: Maximum Intensity Projection 最大密度投影•MPR: Multiple Plannar Reconstruction 多平面重组•musculoskeletal 骨肌的•nephrohydrosis 肾积水•nephrolithiasis 肾石病•niche 龛影•Oligodendroglioma 少突胶质胞瘤•osteiod osteoma骨样骨瘤•osteochondroma 骨软骨瘤•osteomalacia 骨软化症•osteoma 骨瘤•osteoporosis 骨质疏松症•osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤•osteosclerosis 骨硬化•patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭•pericarditis 心包炎•pleural effusion 胸腔积液•pleural thickening 胸膜肥厚•pneumothorax 气胸•prostatic adenocarcinoma 前列腺癌•prostitis 前列腺炎•prostomegaly 前列腺肥大•pulmonary arterial hypertension 肺动脉高压•pulmonary artery stenosis 肺动脉狭窄•pulmonary embolism 肺动脉栓塞•pulmonary oligaemia 肺少血•pulmonary valve stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄•pyloritis 幽门炎•pylorostenosis, 幽门狭窄•pylorus 幽门•renal cell carcinoma 肾细胞癌•rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病•sequestrum 死骨片•splenomegaly 脾肿大•SSD:Shaded Surface Display 表面遮盖显示•subarachnoid haemorrhage 蛛网膜下腔出血•subdural haematoma 硬脑膜下血肿•superior vena cava 上腔静脉.•Tetralogy of Fallot 法洛氏四联症•the lesser curvature 胃小弯•thromboembolism 血栓栓塞•thrombolysis 血栓溶解•thrombophlebitis 血栓性静脉炎•thymoma 胸腺瘤•ulcerating carcinoma 溃疡性癌•uterine leiomyoma 子宫肌瘤•VE: Virtural Endoscopy 仿真内窥镜•ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损•VR: Volume-Rendering Technique 容积再现―医学影像诊断学‖专业英语学习技巧（2）—高频词、短语和常用句型篇对病变描述常用的高频词和短语l 形态：round，oval , ovoid, tubular , lobulated , spherical shape 圆形，卵圆形，管状的，分叶的, 球形irregular configuration 形态不规则bulging 凸出的l 性质：cystic, solid , complex 囊性，实性，混合性l 质地：homogeneous/ heterogeneous/inhomogeneous 均匀，不均匀l 边界：界限清楚well-defined /well circumscribed(限制) / sharply delineated borders/ sharplymarginated 具有明显边缘的界限不清楚 ill-defined/ poor-defined /unsharp borders/边界不规则irregular border轮廓清晰smooth contour有囊包着的encapsulated•扫描的方位：axial / coronal/ sagittal 横、矢、冠状位与X线有关的常用高频词和短语•fluoroscopy X线透视检查•plain radiograph 平片•chest film 胸片•PA chest radiograph 后前位胸片•lateral chest radiograph 侧位胸片•the lateral film 侧位片•increased pulmonary vascular markings 肺纹理增多•reduction of lung markings 肺纹理减少•paucity of vascular markings ( 肺)纹理减少•on barium studies of the gastrointestinal system 胃肠钡餐透视•on barium esophagogram. 食道钡餐透视The most frequent feature of the plain radiograph is dilatation of the ascending aorta与CT线有关的常用高频词和短语密度的描述：•isoattenuating / isodense 等密度• hyperattenuating/ hyperdense / high attenuation 高密度• hypoattenuating/ low attenuation / hypodense/ 低密度•mixed densities 混合密度• attenuation close to that of water 近似水的密度•CT 平扫on precontrast CT/ unenhanced CT :强化CT contrast CT/enhanced CTC T扫描序列•The most widely used protocol实验设计，序列for bronchiectasis consists of 1 - 1.5 mm collimation scans every 10 mm from the lung apex to the diaphragm.与MR有关的常用高频词和短语信号的描述：l 高/低/等/混合/不均匀信号：hyperintense/hypointense/isointense/iso-hyperintens/ mixed density /mixed signal of hyperintensity /heterogeneously mass on T1WI/ T2WI ;l 信号流空signal voidl On MR the cyst is typically low signal on T1WI and high on T2WI.囊肿的磁共振典型表现是T1WI低信号、高信号T2WI与MR检查技术的评价有关的常用句型•The tumor is hypointense on T1WI and inhomogeneously hyperintense on T2 WI 肿瘤在T1WI 为低信号，在T2WI 为不均匀的高信号•Magnetic resonance imaging is the optimal 理想的technique for detecting abnormalities of the aortic sinuses, annulus瓣环, and ascending aorta associated with aortic regurgitationl MR angiography is now used for identifying coronary artery anomalies and determining coronary bypass graft 旁路移植术，搭桥术patency开放.l A tumor capsule may be visible in isoattenuating lesions与强化有关的高频词、常用短语和句型l 轻度/中度/明显/均匀/不均匀/斑片状/边缘-----强化mild /moderate/marked/ inhomogeneous /homogeneous enhancement. /patchy / rim enhancementl 轻到中度强化Enhancement is mild to moderate ;l 注入对比剂后无强化the absence of enhancement after intravenous injection of gadoliniuml 静脉注入对比剂后:following intravenous contrast medium administration./ Following contrast enhancement/ following contrast injection/ intravenous contrast / following gadolinium injection.l 选择性碘离子对比剂注射后after selective injection of iodinated contrast media• They may enhance homogeneously 它们均匀强化•Enhancement is mild to moderate and inhomogeneous. 轻到中度强化•The patchy enhancement may persist 持续for several minutes.斑片状强化可持续几分钟• A homogeneous marked enhancement is observed following contrast injection明显均匀强化与超声有关的常用高频词和短语US: 回声的描述l echogenic/ hyperechioc /echo-rich 强回声l echopenic /hypoechioc/ echo-poor 低回声l anechoic 无回声l isoechoic 等回声l mixed pattern of echogenicity 混合回声l dorsal acoustic shadowing 后方声影There is markedly hyperechoic lesion without dorsal acoustic shadowing（声影）.超声检查方法评价有关句型• Echocardiography, two-dimensional and Doppler, are the most frequently employed modality for最常用的the diagnosis and assessment of severity of aortic stenosis.•It is also the preferred method for首选的monitoring the dimension of the sinus and ascending aorta in patients with aortoannular ectasia扩张as the cause of aortic regurgitation.与介入有关的常用高频词、短语和句型• DSA( Digital Subtraction Angiography) 数字减影• Seldinger technique Seldinger 技术• to be inserted percutaneously 经皮穿刺•Selective coronary arteriography is performed （行）using specially shaped catheters.•The most frequently used catheters are the Judkins catheters for the right and left coronary arteries.•These catheters are inserted percutaneously into the femoral artery employing the Seldinger technique.•Balloon dilatation of the valve is now the preferred procedure• A multihole catheter is introduced into the femoral vein and passed through the right heart using fluoroscopic guidance•Contrast media is injected into the main pulmonary artery for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease•Pulmonary angiography has long been recommended as the procedure of choice in the patient with a suspected diagnosis of PE描述CT/ MR/US―（可/不很好/清楚的）显示‖这类影像学表现的常用动词和句型有主动语态、被动语态和形容词三种形式•主动语态译法：― CT/MR/US可很好的显示….;‖例句：•Cine MR image in axial plane during systole depicts（显示）a signalvoid emanating 发出from the mitral valve. The signal void represents mitral regurgitation•被动语态译法：―(影像学的表现)显示为…‖例句：The HCC is depicted（显示）as a hyperattenuating, unsharply limited, multifocal lesion•形容词形式句型译法例句：However, it may be nondepictable （不显示）on chest radiography and only demonstrated on CT scans.如下是更多的常用于表示―显示‖的动词和主动、被动语态、形容词形式的例句•PA chest radiograph shows（显示）overinflation of the left hemithorax（半侧胸廓）•CT scan clearly shows（显示）the hyperdensity of the subarachnoid spaces…•Plain film radiographs can reveal （显示）widening of the internal auditory canal;•Ultrasound examination of the liver demonstrates （显示）a slightly hypoechoic lesion with sharply delineated borders, oval shape and no dorsal acoustic enhancement.•But in more central areas of the liver is not demonstrated （显示）well on CT•Tricuspid regurgitation can be demonstrated（显示）by colour flow mapping or Doppler echocardiography.• A substantial number, however, of cavernous haemangioma display （显示）a more "atypical" contrast enhancement pattern•Cirrhosis is well displayed on CT• A homogeneous marked enhancement is observed（显示）following contrast injection•Following contrast enhancement an inhomogeneous degree of enhancement of the liver parenchyma is observed（显示）in the cirrhotic liver.•On barium studies of the gastrointestinal system displacement of the stomach, duodenum and colon secondary to the changes in liver volume and morphology will be noted（显示）•Colour Doppler sonography visualizes routinely the high vascularization（血管化）of HCC•The enhancing walls of the thrombosed veins can be visualized （可被显示为…）• A tumor capsule may be visible in isoattenuating lesions•The intraventricular haemorrhage on the left side is well appreciated as（可被显示）hyperintense.•Contour deformity(畸形) may be detectable（显示）in lesions•An extracranial subgaleal（帽状腱膜下的)haematoma on the left side is also present. （显示/有）•Intrahepatic biliary duct dilatation can also be seen on precontrast CT .•Inhomogeneous enhancement （不均匀强化）of the solid components of the tumor is seen. （可被显示/可见）•The HCC is depicted（可被显示）as a hyperattenuating, unsharply limited, multifocal lesion•Cine MR image in axial plane during systole depicts（显示）a signalvoid emanating 发出from the mitral valve. The signal void represents mitral regurgitation•However, it may be nondepictable （不显示）on chest radiography and only demonstrated on CT scans.•Calcification is readily容易的identified on fluoroscopy but only dense calcification is recognized（显示）on plain radiography.•Grade II PVH is indicated by（显示）Kerley B lines and other signs of thickened interlobular septa•It also discloses （显示）a malalignment 排列错乱的type of ventricular septal defect.医学影像诊断学专业英语学习技巧（3）—―首先找出每段落的关键词‖篇全文阅读技巧：•在全文阅读中首先找到每段中的关键词，就知道该段落重要讲述的内容是啥。
医学生英语词汇
helicobacter pylori:幽门螺杆菌infection:感染oncogenic:致癌epigenetic:表观遗传mechanism: 机制gastric:胃carcinogenesis:致癌作用oncology:肿瘤学colonization:定植gram-negative:阴性gastritis:胃炎peptic ulcer:胃溃疡inflammation:炎症malignancy:恶性肿瘤elucidate:表明，阐明cytotoxin [,sait?0?5't?0?0ksin] -associated antigen A:细胞毒素相关抗原A epithelial [,epi'θi:li?0?5l] cell:上皮细胞pathogenicity [,p?0?3θ?0?5d?0?1i'nisiti]:致病性mucosa [mju:'k?0?5us?0?5]:粘膜multiple:多种catenin: 连环蛋白，连环素cyclooxygenase[,saikl?0?5u'?0?0ksid?0?1ineis]：环氧化酶induce：诱导methylation：甲基化modification：修饰investigate: 调查stem：干progenitor：祖shed light on: 昭示，阐明yield：产生witness：见证pathogen：病原体spiral-shaped:螺旋形noncardia adenocarcinoma ['?0?3d?0?5n?0?5u,kɑ:si'n?0?5um?0?5] :非贲门腺癌mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma：粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤superficial：浅表individual：个人、个体present as：表现为primary：原发性lung cancer：肺癌intracellular：细胞内的cytokine：细胞因子apoptosis rate：凋亡率proliferation：增殖differentiation：分化virulence：毒力vacuolate ['v?0?3kju?0?5lit]：有空泡的，形成空泡的vacuolating sytotoxin：空泡毒素membrane：膜genome ['d?0?1i:n?0?5um] ：基因组sequence：序列type IV secretion system：四型分泌系统peptidoglycan[,peptid?0?5u'ɡlaik?0?3n]（PGN）：肽聚糖syringe['s?0?1r?0?1nd?0?1]：注射器integrin：整合蛋白chromatin：核染色质encode：编码molecular：分子的cytoplasm：细胞质tyrosine：酪氨酸phosphorylate：磷酸化kinase：激酶glutamic acid –p rol i n e –i s oleuci n e –t y r osi n e –a l a n i n e (EPIYA) ：谷氨酸、脯氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、丙氨酸motif：基序regulate：调节morphogenesis：形态motility：运动cortactin：皮层肌动蛋白actin：肌动蛋白inactivation：灭活junction：n. 连接，接合；交叉点；接合点ezrin：埃兹蛋白scaffolding：支架，脚手架polarity：极性permeability：通透性receptor：受体phospholipase：磷脂via:通过stimulate：刺激nuclear ：细胞核的vacuolization：空泡化inhibit：抑制translocate：转位target:目标range from：延伸polarity：极性cadherin：钙粘素promote：促进intestinal：肠的previous：以往mediate：介导invasiveness：侵袭critical：关键dysfunction：功能障碍aberrant：异常metabolism：代谢apoptosis：凋亡pre-incubation:预培养antagonist：拮抗剂prognosis：预后gerbil：沙鼠simultaneous：同时dysplastic：发育不良metaplasia：化生dysplasia:异型增生suppress：抑制preneoplastic lesions：癌前病变macrophage-derived：巨噬细胞源性infiltration：浸润accumulation：积累repeat：重复reveal：发现residue：残留物multimerization：多聚goblet-cell mucin(MUC2)：杯状细胞粘蛋白diversity：多样化somatic：体细胞immunoglobulin：免疫球蛋白cell gap junction：细胞间隙连接ultrastructure：超微结构co-cultured：培养transmission：透射electron：电子microscope：显微镜preparation：制备fixation：固定embedding：嵌入situ：原地detect：发现rapid urease test：快速脲酶试验unit perimeter：单位周长precancerous lesions：癌前病变apical-junctional：顶部连接integrity：完整性severely：严重knockout：摧毁synapse：突触desmosome：桥粒（上皮细胞膜中的局部增厚部分）intercellular：在细胞间significantly：显著地vitro：（活）体外maintain：保持reflect：反映relation：关系eradication：根除therapy：疗法epidemiology：流行病学purchase：购买digestive：消化的isolate：分离cell line：细胞系grouping：归类、编组according to：根据diagnostic criteria：诊断标准exponential growing phase：对数生长期trypsin：胰蛋白酶inoculate：接种coverslip：盖玻片incubator：恒温箱saturation：饱和humidity：湿度suspensions：悬浮液ratio：比率fetal calf serum：胎牛血清specimen：标本glutaraldehyde：戊二醛paraformaldehyde：多聚甲醛precool：预冷store：贮存、贮备osmium acid：锇酸distill：蒸馏uranyl acetate：乙酸铀酰layer：表层dehydrated：脱水seriatim：逐一地，连续地acetone：丙酮gradient：梯度immerse：浸入epon：环氧树脂pure：纯ultrathin：超薄section：切片semi-thin section：半薄切片biopsy：活组织检查gastroscope：胃镜lead：铅uranium：铀stain：染色magnification：放大morphology：形态学statistical：统计学software：软件significant：显著criterion：标准，条件adjacent：邻近visualized：可视化internal：内部rare microvilli：罕见的微绒毛focal gap junction：局灶性间隙连接necrosis：坏死sparser：稀疏proportional：成比例的incidence：发生率crowd of genetic susceptibility：遗传易感人群decisive：决定性的indicate：表明atrophic gastritis：萎缩性胃炎intrude：侵入oxygen free radicals：氧自由基antioxidant：抗氧化剂capacity：能力concentrated in：集中在ectopic：异常aggregation：聚集attachment sites：附着点intact：完整conclusion：结论。
西医内科术语英文翻译
西医内科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医内科术语英文翻译：1. 急性胃炎：Acute Gastritis2. 慢性胃炎：Chronic Gastritis3. 消化性溃疡：Peptic Ulcer4. 胃食管反流病：Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)5. 肝硬化：Cirrhosis6. 脂肪肝：Fatty Liver7. 急性胆囊炎：Acute Cholecystitis8. 慢性胆囊炎：Chronic Cholecystitis9. 急性胰腺炎：Acute Pancreatitis10. 慢性胰腺炎：Chronic Pancreatitis11. 甲状腺功能亢进症：Hyperthyroidism12. 甲状腺功能减退症：Hypothyroidism13. 原发性高血压：Essential Hypertension14. 糖尿病：Diabetes Mellitus15. 低血糖症：Hypoglycemia16. 血脂异常：Dyslipidemia17. 心力衰竭：Heart Failure18. 心律失常：Arrhythmia19. 心绞痛：Angina Pectoris20. 心肌梗死：Myocardial Infarction (MI)21. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病：Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)22. 支气管哮喘：Bronchial Asthma23. 肺炎：Pneumonia24. 肺脓肿：Pulmonary Abscess25. 肺癌：Lung Cancer26. 结核病：Tuberculosis (TB)27. 脑梗塞：Cerebral Infarction28. 脑出血：Cerebral Hemorrhage29. 脑炎：Encephalitis30. 脑膜炎：Meningitis31. 癫痫：Epilepsy32. 帕金森病：Parkinson's Disease33. 甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病：Hyperthyroid Heart Disease34. 甲状腺功能减退性心脏病：Hypothyroid Heart Disease35. 心力衰竭性心脏病：Heart Failure Heart Disease36. 心肌炎：Myocarditis37. 心包炎：Pericarditis38. 高血压性心脏病：Hypertensive Heart Disease39. 低血压性心脏病：Hypotensive Heart Disease40. 心律失常性心脏病：Arrhythmic Heart Disease41. 风湿性心脏病：Rheumatic Heart Disease42. 缺血性心脏病：Ischemic Heart Disease43. 病毒性心肌炎：Viral Myocarditis44. 心力衰竭性心肌炎：Heart Failure Myocarditis45. 心律失常性心肌炎：Arrhythmic Myocarditis46. 高血压性心肌炎：Hypertensive Myocarditis47. 低血压性心肌炎：Hypotensive Myocarditis48. 心包积液：Pericardial Effusion49. 心律失常性心包积液：Arrhythmic Pericardial Effusion50. 高血压性心包积液：Hypertensive Pericardial Effusion。
胃溃疡医患常用英语句子
胃溃疡医患常用英语句子He has a bloated，uncomfortable feeling after meal. (他饭后肚子觉得胀胀的，很不舒服。
)He feels bloated after eating.He has bouts of abdominal pain. (他有一阵阵的肚痛。
)He feels bloated in his abdominal area. (他感到肚子胀胀的。
)The pain is mainly in the lower (upper) right part of the abdomen. (痛是在肚子下半部。
)He has nausea and vomiting. (他有恶心和呕吐。
)It is difficult or painful for him to swallow. (他吞下食物时会痛。
)He has passed more gas than usual. (他放…比平常多。
)He has been constipated for a few days. (他便秘了好几天。
)He suffers pains when he moves his bowels. (他大便时很痛。
)He has some bleeding from his rectum. (他的肛门出血。
)He has noticed some blood in his bowel movements. (他发觉大便时有些血。
)His bowel movements are pale，greasy and foul smelling. (他大便呈灰白色，含油脂的恶臭。
)His bowel movements are grey (or black) in color. (他的大便呈灰白色。
) He has trouble with diarrhea. (他拉肚子。
)How long have you been like this（这种症状有多久了？）When did your diarrhea start（你什么时候开始腹泻的？）What kind of stool did you notce，watery or mucous?（你注意大便的样子了吗？是水样的还是粘液样？）What’s your stool like？（大便是什么样子？）Is there any blood in your stool(urine, sputum)?你的大便里（尿里，痰里）有血吗？How many times a day?一天几次Do you remember how many times you went to the toilet.（你记得去过多少次厕所吗/拉了几次了？）How long do you defaecate once?几天排便一次？I feel hot and cold. 我觉得冷和嗓子疼I feel shivery and I've got a sore throat.Did you take your temperature？你试过体温吗?Did you run any temperature（你发过烧吗？）Are there anyone else/others who have diarrhea?其他人有腹泻的吗？我没有食欲How about your appetite?-----I've got no appetite. （What`s your appetite（你的胃口怎么样？）How`s your appetite those days（近来食欲怎么样？））Where is your pain（你觉得哪儿痛？）Where does it hurt（哪儿痛？）胃痛吗？Do you have a pain in the stomach?-------------我感到胃部隐隐作痛I feel a dull pain in the stomach.What kind of pain do you feel（你觉得怎么个痛法？）Do you feel pain after meals（是饭后痛吗？）Do you feel abdominal pain when you go to the toilet（你去厕所时感到腹痛吗？）Do you have a pain in your stomach（你肚子痛吗？）你的胃有过烧心感（胸痛）吗？Do you suffer from heartburn stomachaches ( chest pains)?你觉得乏力吗？Do you feel fatigue?我只是觉得筋疲力尽I just feel all pooped out.You have got enteritis.（你得了肠炎。
胃肠外科学术介绍英语范文
胃肠外科学术介绍英语范文**Gastrointestinal Surgery Academic Introduction**In the realm of surgical sciences, Gastrointestinal Surgery occupies a pivotal position, dealing with the surgical management of disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. This vast field encompasses the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, and associated organs such as the liver, pancreas, and bile ducts. The complexity and delicacy of these organs require a high degree of specialization and expertise in their surgical treatment.The foundation of gastrointestinal surgery lies in the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Surgeons must have a thorough knowledge of the structure, function, and interactions of these organs to perform surgeries with precision and minimize post-operative complications. Surgical techniques have evolved over the years, with the advent of minimally invasive procedures like laparoscopy and robotic surgery, which allow for faster recovery and reduced hospital stays.A key aspect of gastrointestinal surgery is the management of diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract. This includes conditions like gastric ulcers, appendicitis, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Surgeons must be able to diagnose these conditions accurately, determine the most appropriate surgical approach, and perform the surgery with the utmost care and precision.Post-operative care is also crucial in gastrointestinal surgery. Surgeons must monitor patients closely for any complications and ensure that they recover smoothly. This involves managing pain, preventing infections, and ensuring proper nutrition and hydration.Continuous research and innovation are driving thefield of gastrointestinal surgery forward. Surgeons are constantly exploring new surgical techniques, developing better ways to diagnose and treat gastrointestinal diseases, and improving patient outcomes. The future ofgastrointestinal surgery looks promising, with advances in technology, improved surgical techniques, and a greater focus on patient-centered care.**胃肠外科学术介绍**胃肠外科学是外科学领域中的一个重要分支，专门研究胃肠道疾病的手术治疗。
普外科常用专业英语 带音标
普外科常用专业英语带音标普外科常用专业英语带音标普外科常用专业英语(带音标)1.appendicitis阑尾炎/pendi`saitis/2.intestinalobstruction肠梗阻/in`testinl//b`strλk∫n/3.gastriccancer胃癌/`gæstrik//`kæns(r)/4.livercancer肝癌/liv(r)//`kæns(r)/5.cholelithiasis胆石病/,klili`θaisis/6.cholecystolithiasis胆囊结石病7.choledocholith胆总管结石8.pancreatitis胰腺炎/,pæηkri`taitis/9.carcinomaofstomach胃癌/ka:si`num//`stλmk/10、carcinomaofcolon结肠癌/ka:si`num//`kuln/11、carcinomaofrectum直肠癌/ka:si`num//`rektm/12、pepticulcer消化性溃疡/`peptik//`λls/13、appendicealabcess阑尾脓肿14、thyroidtumor甲状腺肿瘤/`θairid//`tju:m/15、nodulargoiter结节性甲状腺肿/`nduil/16、hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进/haip`θairidzm/17、injuryofabdomen腹部损伤/`indri//`æbdmn/18、injuryofskinandsofttissue皮肤软组织损伤/`indri//skin//sft//`ti∫u:/19、liverinjury肝损伤/`liv(r)//`indri/20、ruptureofspleen脾断裂/`rλpt∫//spli:n/21、ruptureofthebowel肠破裂/`rλpt∫//`bul/22、portalhypertension门脉高压症/`p:tl//,haip`ten∫n/23、gastrointestinaltractbleeding胃肠道出血/,gæstruin`testinl//trækt//`bli:di/24、suppurativeperitonitis化脓性腹膜炎/sλpjurtiv//`perit`naitis/25、gastricperforation胃穿孔/`gæstrik//p:f`rei∫()n/26、cholecystitis胆囊炎/,klisis`taitis/27、obstructivejaundice阻塞性黄疸/b`strλktiv//`d:ndis/28、breastmass乳房肿块/brest//ma:s/29、breastcancer乳癌/brest//`kæns(r)/30、mammarycancer乳癌/`mæmri//`kæns(r)/1.polypofrectum直肠胆囊息肉/`plip//`rektm/2.adhesiveileus(mechanical)粘连性(机械性)肠梗阻/d`hi:siv//ilis//mi`kænik()l/3.closedinjuryofabdomen 腹部闭合和性受损/kluzd//`indri//`æbdmn/4.contusion伤及/kn`tju:n/ceration裂伤/,læs`rei∫n/6.abdominalvisceralinjury腹腔脏器损伤/`æb`dminl//`indri/7.gastriculcer胃溃疡/`gæstrik//`λls(r)/8.duodenalbulbarulcer十二指肠球部溃疡/,dju:u`di:nl//bλlb(r)//`λls(r)/9.metastaticcarcinoma转移性癌10.ascariasisofbiliarytract胆道蛔虫症/,æsk`raisis//`biljri//trækt/11.hapaticcyst肝囊肿/sist/12.hapatolithiasis肝胆管结石13.liverabscess肝脓肿/`liv(r)//`æbsis/14.traumaticshock创伤性休克/tr:`mætik//∫k/15.hemorrhagicshock出血性休克/∫k/16.septicshock感染性休克/septik//∫k/17.choledochocele胆总管囊肿18.hyperplasiaofmammaryglands乳腺增生/,haip`pleizj//`mæmri//`glændz/19.septicemia败血症/septi`si:mi/21.primarycarcinomaofliver原发性肝癌/`praimri//ka:si`num//`liv(r)/22.adenocarcinomaofbileduct胆管腺癌/`ædnu,ka:si`num//bail//dλkt/23.cholangitis胆管炎/,kln`daitis/24.acutediffuseperitonitis急性弥漫性腹膜炎/`kju:t//di:fju:s//perit`naitis/25.abscessofperitoneum腹腔脓肿/`æbsis//peritu`ni:m/26.pyloricobstruction幽门梗阻/pai`l:rik//b`strλk∫n/27.infectionofincisionalwound切口病毒感染/in`fek∫()n/28.fatliquefaction脂肪液化/fæt//,likwi`fæk∫n/29.chroniccholecystitis慢性胆囊炎/`krnik//,klisis`taitis/30.gallstone胆石/`g:lstun/1.stomaulcer吻合口溃疡/stum//λls(r)/2.intussusception肠套叠/,intss`sep∫n/2.reductionofintussusception肠套叠复位术/ri`dλk∫()n//,intss`sep∫n/4.postgastrectomy胃切除术后/pust//gæs`trektmi/5.anastomoticleakage相符口漏6.duodenalfistula十二指肠残端瘘/,dju:u`di:nl//fistjul/7.stessulcer应激性溃疡/λls(r)/8.hemangioma血管瘤/hi,mændi`um/cerationofscalp头皮裂伤/,læs`rei∫n//skælp/10.incarceratedhernia镶嵌顿性疝/,in`ka:sreitid//`hз:ni/11.urinarytractinfection泌尿道感染/jurinri//trækt//in`fek∫()n/12.gangrenousappendicitis坏疽性阑尾炎/`gæηgrins//pendi`saitis/13.appendixmass阑尾包块/`pendiks//ma:s/14.cirrhosis肝硬化/si`rusis/15.diabetes糖尿病/dai`bi:ti:z/16.epigastrium上腹部/,epi`gæstrim/17.epigastralgia上腹部痛18.inferiorbelly下腹/in`firi(r)//`beli/19.hypogastralgia下腹痛20.ascendingcolon升结肠/`sendiη//`kuln/21.descendingcolon再降结肠/di`sendiη//`kuln/22.sigmoidcolon乙状结肠/`sigmid//`kuln/23.emergencyoperation门诊手术/i`mз:dnsi//p`rein/24.selectiveoperation择期手术/si`lektiv//p`rein/25.chemotherapy化疗/ki:mu`θerpi/26.nonoperativetreatment非手术疗法/nλη//prtiv//`tri:tmnt/27.palliativetreatment姑息疗法/`pælitiv//`tri:tmnt/28.palliativeoperation姑息性手术/`pælitiv//p`rei∫()n/29.conservativetreatment保守疗法/kn`sз:vtiv//`tri:tmnt/30.cholangiography胆管造影术/k,lændi`grfi/31.cholangiectasis胆管扩张32.stenosisofbiliarytract胆道狭窄/`biljri//trækt/33.cholecystostomy胆囊所造瘘术普外科常用英语单词（四）1.appendetomy阑尾切除术2.gastrectomy胃切除术/gæs`trektmi/3.enterectomy肠切除术/,ent`rektmi/4.cholecystetomy胆囊切除术5.resectionofsmallintestine小肠切除术/ri`sek∫n//in`testin/6.cole ctomy/k`lektmi/结肠切除术7.left（right）hemicolectomy左（右）半结肠切除术8.sigmoidectomy乙状结肠切除术/,sigmi`dektmi/9.hepatectomy肝切除术/,hep`tektmi/10.left（right）hemihepatectomy左（右）半肝切除术11.lobectomyofliver肝叶切除术/lu`bektmi//`liv()r/12.thyroidectomy甲状腺切除术/,θa iri`dektmi/13.partial（subtotal/total）thyroidectomy部分（次全/全）甲状腺切除术/`pa:∫()l/(/sλb,tutl//`tut()/)/,θairi`dektmi/14.mastectomy乳房（腺）切除术/mæ`stektmi/15.simplemastectomy纯粹乳房（腺）切除术/`simp()l//mæ`stektmi/16.radicaloperationofmastocarcinoma乳癌根治术/`rædik()l//p`rei∫()n//mæstu,ka:si`num/17.modifiedradicaloperation改进根治术/`mdifai//`rædik()l//p`rei∫()n/18.splenectomy脾切除术/spli`nektmi/19.pancreatoduodenectomy胰十二指肠切除术paroscopiccholecystetomy腹腔镜胆囊切除术21.intestinalanastomosis肠吻合术/in`testinl//,ænst`musis/22.gastrojejunostomy胃肠吻合术/gæstrudidu:`nstmi/23.enterotomy肠切开术/,ent`rtmi/24.exploratorylaparotomy剖腹探查之术/eks`pl:rt()ri//,læp`rtmi/25.exploratoryofbiliarytract胆道探查术/eks`pl:rt()ri//`biljri//trækt/26.repairofhernia疝修补术/`hз:ni/27.hernialreposition疝复位术/`hз:nil//ri:p`zi∫()n/28.exclusionofulcer溃疡旷置术/ik`sklu:()n//`λls(r)/29.porta-azygousdevascularization门-奇静脉阻断术/pit-æzigs/30.spleen-renalvenousanastomosis脾-肾静脉吻合术/spli:n-`ri:n()l//`vi:ns//,ænst`musis/31.abdominalparacentesis腹腔穿刺术/æb`dminl//,pærsen`ti:sis/32.incisionanddrainageofabscess脓肿切开引流术/in`si()n//`dreinid//`æbsis/33.cholelithotomy胆石切除术普外科英语常用单词（五）1.subcutaneousinjection皮下注射/sλbkju:`teinis//in`dek∫()n/2.intramuscularinjection肌肉注射/intr`mλskjul()r//in`dek∫()n/3.venousinjection静脉注射/`vi:ns//in`dek∫()n/4.venoustransfusion静脉输液/`vi:ns//træns`fju:z()n/5.bloodtransfusion造血/blλd//træns`fju:z()n/6.sterilization消毒7.sterilizedcottonball消毒棉球/sterilaiz//`kt()n//b:l/8.cottonstick棉花签下/`kt()n//stik/9.gauze/g:z/纱布10.gauzebandage纱布绷带/g:z//`bændid/11.adhesiveplaster胶带/d`hi:siv//`pla:st(r)/12.dressingchange换药/dresiη//t∫eind/13.immobilizationwithadhesiveplaster胶带紧固/d`hi:siv//`pla:st(r)/14.alcohol酒精/`ælkhl/15.iodinetincture碘酊（酒）/`aidi:n//`tiηkt∫(r)/16.physicalcooling物理降温/`fizik()l/17.preoperativecare术前护理/pri:`prtiv//ke(r)/18.preoperativepreparation术前准备工作/pri:`prtiv//prep`rei∫()n/19.postoperativecare术后护理/pust:`prtiv//ke(r)/20.nursingcare护理/n:siη//ke(r)/21.enema/`enim/灌肠22.retention（cleaning）enema保留（清洁）灌肠/ri`ten∫()n//`enim/23.oxygeninhalation吸氧/`ksid()n//,inh`lei∫n/24.gastrictube胃管/`gæstrik//tju:b/25.gastricjuice胃液/`gæstrik//du:s/29.amountofurine尿量/`maunt//`jurin/30.hemospasia失血/,hi:m`spei/。
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In fact I know little about Peptic Ulcer disease ,however my mentor is studying it at present ,so I will study it in the future, I search some informition about Peptic Ulcer disease on the internet ,maybe it has some mistakes.i hope that you don’t mind.
Peptic Ulcer disease is defined as an ulcer occurring in a region that touches gastric acid(胃酸) and pepsin(胃蛋白酶) and usually refers to gastric ulcer(胃溃疡) or duodenal ulcer(十二指肠溃疡). It is called a peptic ulcer, because of previous gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer that was due to gastric acid and pepsin digestion of the mucous membrane formed their own. Gastric acid and pepsin in fact only one of the main ulcer formation, there are other reasons for the formation of ulcer disease. Because the cause of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, and there are many similarities between clinical symptoms, the doctor is sometimes difficult to distinguish between gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer, it is often diagnosed as peptic ulcer or gastric ulcer .
Symptoms
There are some common symptoms about Peptic Ulcer disease.
⏹back to acid
⏹belching(打嗝)、nausea(恶心)、bloating(胀气)
⏹Upper abdominal pain
Ulcer disease with recurrent abdominal pain on the rhythm of clinical features, often accompanied by belching, back to acid, and even nausea, vomiting, vomiting blood, blood in the stool.
Upper abdominal pain, chronic, cyclical rhythm of abdominal pain is typical of the main symptoms of peptic ulcer.
Complications(并发症)
⏹Bleeding it is the most common complication for peptic ulcer disease
⏹Perforation Duodenal ulcer incidence was higher than that of gastric ulcer
⏹Pyloric obstruction it mostly occurs in duodenal ulcer
⏹Helicobacter pylori (H.p) can colonize the gastric mucosa and increase acid secretion
Research data show that NSAID use in patients with peptic ulcer and the risk of complications was significantly higher than the general population. By weakening mucosal defense and repair functions eventually lead to peptic ulcer.
The eventual formation of peptic ulcer is due to acid and pepsin digestion of the mucosa itself. Because the biologic activity of pepsin is depended on the pH value. When local pH value elevates to 4, pepsin can’t work well. So we often say that “No acid, no ulcer.”
) Smoking
Smoking is an increased risk of peptic ulcer. Smoking can affect the healing of ulcer, accelerate ulcer recurrence, and increased complication of ulceration. But the mechanism isn’t clear.
2)Heredity
Patients with peptic ulcer often have a family history of ulcer.And some studies show that blood group O（O型血人群）have a high risk to developing peptic ulcer .
3)Stress High stress can stimulate vagus nerve(交感神经), which can result in high secretion of acid .。