2018专业英语第一次作业(一二课内容)

湖南文理学院学院2017-2018学年度第一次作业考核课程： 《计算机专业英语》学生所在院系： 国际学院 年 级： 2017姓名： 刘飞 班级： 网工17102班 学号： 201719040213一、Give out the full names for the following abbreviations(写出下列缩写词的全称)（２0%）EEPROM_Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory_CPU ___Central Processing Unit____________________________ALU ___A rithmetic/Logic Unit _______________________________IT ___Information Technology___________________________WWW___World Wide Web_________________________________RAM ____Random Access Memory_________________________PNP _____Plug-And-Play__________________________________OS _____Operating System_______________________________HTML____Hyper Text Markup Language______________________TCP____Transfer Control Protocol_________________________ SSI _____Small-Scale Integrated circuit_____________________DRAM____Dynamic Random Access Memory________________CA(M)D___Computer Aided Design__________________________CAI_______Computer Aided Instruction______________________256000000__two hundreds and fifty six million________________25600000___twenty five million and six thousands_____________SRAM_____Static Random Access Memory___________________CAT_______Computer Aided Text____________________________CA Ｍ______Computer Aided Made(Manufacture)_______________Ｉ／Ｏ_____Input/Output__________________________________二、Match the following words and expressions in the leftcolumn with those similar in meaning in the right column(将)（10%）1. memory unit a. 半导体存储器2. high density b. 主存3. semiconductor memory c.客户端—服务器4. data definition language d. 数据定义语言5. program instructions e. 高密度6. machine language f. 机器语言7.primary storage g. 远程教育8. distance education h. 程序指令9. client-server i. 存储单元10.batch systems j. 批处理系统1. （ i ） 6. （ f ）2. （ e ） 7. （ b ）3. （ a ） 8. （ g ）4. （ d ） 9. （ c ）5. （ h ） 10.（ j ）三、Translate the following phrases into English(将下列短语翻译成英语)（20%）1. 晶体管 ( transistor )2. 初使状态 ( initial state )3. 辅助存储器 ( secondary storage )4. 数据流 ( date flow )5. 硬件电路 ( hard-wired )6. 一次写操作 ( a write operation )7. 晶体管 ( transistor )8. 电阻 ( resistor )9. 集成电路 ( integrated circuit )10.门和逻辑位元 ( gate and logical cell )11. 年复一年 ( year after year )12. 一代又一代 ( decade after decade )13. 每年翻一翻 ( doubling every year )14. 四倍 ( quadruple )15. 焊接 ( solder )16. 植入 ( built into )17.金属化过程 ( process of metallization )18. 分立部件 ( discrete components )19.高速缓存 ( cache )20.摩尔定律 ( Moore ’s law )四、Translate the following phrases into Chinese(将下列短语翻译成中文)（10%）_____基本的类型________________________2.predicted_____________预言______________________________3.capacity______________容量_____________________________4.convenient to _________便利的____________________________5.consequences of_______结果_______________________________6.cofounder____________合伙创办人_________________________7.package______________封装_______________________________8.remarkable___________显著地__________________________ technological___________技术__________________________9.literally______________不夸张的讲________________________10.premium____________珍贵的__________________________11.a write operation_____一次写操作_________________________12.be erased to _________被删除___________________________13.internal operation____内部操作____________________________14.nonvolatility_________非易失性的___________________________15.byte-level erasure_____字节级的删除_________________________16.integral part_________不可缺少的部分________________________17.one eighth___________八分之一___________________________18.hard-wired__________硬件电路____________________________19.magnetic secondary storage devices____磁性的辅助存储元件_______20.flash memory________闪存______________________________四.Reading comprehension(阅读理解)(20%)(一) Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary (从下面所列词语中选择合适的词语, 以其适当的形式填空)(1０%)high-level language assembly language writtenmachine language notationA programming language, designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers, is a _____notation_______ for describing computation in readable form. There are 3 levels of programming languages, they are _high-level language__, which can be run directly by computer; _assembly language_and_machine language_. There are different high-level programming languages. Fortunately, most of them have many kinds of construct in common and vary only in the way that these must be written . Therefore, first thing to be decided about a task is to choose which programming language is best suited for the job.Passage AThe central processing unit (CUP) is the heart of the computer systems. Among otherthings, its configuration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation toother computers. The CPU is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next, the physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, which its speed and capacity have increased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in micro-Computers that are small enough to fit on your desk and your lap.The CPU comprise the control unit and the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU).The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. It determines the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit, as well as the control signals between the CPU and input/output devices.The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical(comparison) functions—that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparison. These comparisons, which are basically “less than”, “greater than”, and “equal to”, can be combined into several common expressions, such as “greater than or equal to”. The objective of most instructions that use comparisons is to determine which instruction should be executed next.(二) Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A(根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误) (1０%)1. With the development of computer, the physical size of the CPU has often become bigger and bigger. ( F )2. The movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU as well as the control signal between the CPU and input/output devices are controlled by the control unit of the CPU. ( T )3. The CPU comprises the control unit and memory. ( F )4. The control unit performs all the arithmetic and logical functions. ( F )5. The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. ( T )五.traslate the following paragraphs into Chinese.(翻译) (20%)1.The integrated circuit exploits the fact that such components as transistors, resistors, and conductors can be fabricated from a semiconductor such as silicon .It is merely an extension of the solid-state art to fabricate an entire circuit in a tiny piece of silicon rather than assemble discrete components made from separate pieces of silicon into the same circuit. Many transistors can be produced at the same time on a single wafer of silicon. Equallyimportant, these transistorscan be connected with a process of metallization to form circuits.2.Cache MemoryProgram and data ar e loaded to RAM from secondary storage because the time required to access a program instruction or piece of data from RAM is significantly less than from secondary storage. Thousands of instructions or pieces of data can be accessed from RAM in the time it would take to access a single piece of data from disk storage [8]. RAM is essentially a high-speed holding area for data and programs. In fact, nothing really happens in a computer system until the program instructions and data are moved to the processor. This transfer of instructions and data to the processor can be time-consuming, even at microsecond speeds. To facilitate an even faster transfer of instructions and data to the processor, most computers are designed with cache memory. Cache memory is employed by computer designers to increase the computer system throughput (the rate at which work is performed).1.集成电路利用这样一个事实，即晶体管、电阻和导体等元件可以从半导体(如硅)中制造出来，这仅仅是固态技术的延伸，在一小块硅中制造出整个电路，而不是将由单独的硅片制成的分立元件组装到同一电路中。