attTotal (18)
bytetrack 的公式
bytetrack 的公式Bytetrack评测指标包括以下几个部分：1. Precision（精确率）：表示检测出的物体中真实物体的比例。
计算公式为Precision = TP / (TP + FP)，其中TP表示真阳性（正确检测到的物体），FP表示假阳性（错误检测到的物体）。
2. Recall（召回率）：表示真实物体中被正确检测到的比例。
计算公式为Recall = TP / (TP + FN)，其中FN表示假阴性（未被检测到的物体）。
3. F1-score：是Precision和Recall的调和平均数，用于综合评估模型的性能。
计算公式为F1-score = 2 Precision Recall / (Precision + Recall)。
4. MOTA（多目标跟踪准确度）：衡量跟踪算法性能的重要指标，包括误报、错过目标、身份切换等。
计算公式为MOTA = 1 - (FP + FN + IDSW) / GT，其中GT表示ground truth，即真实的目标数。
5. IDF1（身份识别准确率）：衡量目标身份识别准确率的指标，计算公式为IDF1 = (Correctly Identified detections) / (All detections)。
6. MT（命中目标轨迹比例）：衡量跟踪算法对目标跟踪的准确性和稳定性的指标，计算公式为MT = (Number of trajectory points with a distance error of less than a threshold) / (Total number of trajectory points)。
7. ML（丢失目标轨迹比例）：衡量跟踪算法对目标丢失情况的指标，计算公式为ML = (Number of trajectory points with a distance error of more than a threshold) / (Total number of trajectory points)。
(精编)餐饮管理系统代码大全
(精编)餐饮管理系统代码大全餐饮管理系统代码1 using System;2using System.Collections.Generic;4using System.Data;5using System.Drawing;6using System.Text;7using System.Windows.Forms;8using System.Collections;9namespace 餐饮管理系统10...{11 public partial class frmManagement : Form12 ...{13 ArrayList RoomStatus = new ArrayList();14 ArrayList VipClass = new ArrayList();15 public frmManagement()16 ...{17 InitializeComponent();18 }1920 private void 房间类型BindingNavigatorSaveItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)21 ...{22 this.Validate();23 this.房间类型BindingSource.EndEdit();24 this.房间类型TableAdapter.Update(this.dieteticManagementDataSet.房间类型);25 }2627 private void frmManagement_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)28 ...{29 // TODO: 这行代码将数据加载到表“dieteticManagementDataSet.管理员”中。
您可以根据需要移动或移除它。
30 this.管理员TableAdapter.Fill(this.dieteticManagementDataSet.管理员);31 // TODO: 这行代码将数据加载到表“dieteticManagementDataSet.Vip”中。
Luat 4G LTE 模块 AT 命令手册说明书
Luat4G LTE模块AT命令手册V5.0.8适用模块：Air720/Air724系列发布时间：2022/01/14修改记录2021.09.27定义NMEA解析朱先飞2021.09.27传入AGPS定位，所需的大概经纬度信息朱先飞2021.10.29短信特定字符触发RI功能AT*CMCRI目前朱先飞还不支持2021.12.13支持重新打开usb的指令王忠明2022.01.05主持查询ims注册状态的指令AT+CIREG陈旭东>=301848 V5.0.72022.06.23添加获取HTTP响应数据指令AT+HTTPGET陈旭东>=401853 2022.07.15添加cipsend的返回值的说明刘飞扬V5.0.82022.09.26添加EC618文档说明沈园园目录1AT命令概述 (13)2基本命令 (16)3配置命令 (23)4设备控制命令 (42)5网络服务相关命令 (66)5.30(URC)工程模式基本信息：+EEMGINFOBASIC (103)1.Non TD mode: (107)2.TD mode: (108)6通话控制和音频相关命令 (116)6.21(URC)IMS注册状态信息：+CIREGU (131)7短消息命令 (132)8电话本命令 (159)9分组域相关命令 (165)10NTP相关命令 (181)11文件系统读写命令 (183)12嵌入式TCPIP命令 (189)13IP应用相关命令 (239)14HTTP相关命令 (241)15FTP相关命令 (254)16MQTT相关命令 (277)17蓝牙相关命令 (290)18GPS相关的命令 (307)1AT命令概述 (13)1.1文档目的 (13)1.2惯例和术语缩写 (13)1.3AT命令语法 (14)1.4AT命令最大响应时间 (15)2基本命令 (16)2.1查询制造商名称：AT+CGMI (16)2.2查询模块型号：AT+CGMM (16)2.3查询模块版本信息：AT+CGMR (16)2.4查询IMEI号：AT+CGSN (17)2.5查询SIM卡ICCID号码：AT+CCID(/ICCID) (17)2.6查询IMSI：AT+CIMI (18)2.7查询产品信息：ATI (18)2.8查询模块FIRMWARE版本：AT+VER (19)2.9查询平台硬件版本：AT^HVER (19)2.10查询各种信息：AT*I (20)2.11重复上一条命令：A/ (21)2.12写SN号命令：AT+WISN (21)2.13重启模块：AT+RESET (22)3配置命令 (23)3.1选择TE字符集：AT+CSCS (23)3.2保存用户当前的配置：AT&W (24)3.3设置命令回显模式：ATE (24)3.4恢复所有参数为出厂配置：AT&F (24)3.5设置结果码抑制模式：ATQ (24)3.6设置TA响应内容的格式：ATV (25)3.7设置CONNECT结果码格式和监测呼叫进程：ATX (26)3.8设置自动应答前振铃次数：ATS0 (26)3.9FOTA空中升级：AT+UPGRADE (27)3.10设置指令行终止符：ATS3 (33)3.11设置命令行编辑字符：ATS5 (33)3.12设置CDC功能模式：AT&C (33)3.13设置DTR功能模式：AT&D (34)3.14实时时钟：AT+CCLK (34)3.15设置USB模式：AT+SETUSB (35)3.16设备错误：AT+CMEE (36)3.17错误码描述：+CME ERROR:<ERR> (36)4设备控制命令 (42)4.1手机活动状态：AT+CPAS (42)4.2模块功能模式：AT+CFUN (43)4.3关机：AT+CPOWD (44)4.4输入PIN码：AT+CPIN (44)4.5设备锁定：AT+CLCK (45)4.6修改密码：AT+CPWD (46)4.7网络灯闪烁的时间间隔：AT+SLEDS (47)4.8设置TE-TA波特率：AT+IPR (48)4.9设置TE-TA帧格式：AT+ICF (49)4.10设置指令行换行字符：ATS4 (50)4.11TE-TA本地流量控制：AT+IFC (51)4.12多路复用：AT+CMUX (52)4.13开启和关闭SIM卡在位硬件检测：AT+CSDT (53)4.14检测某个插槽的SIM卡是否在位：AT*SIMDETEC (53)4.15控制S IM卡状态主动上报：AT^CARDMODE (54)4.16获取S IM类型：AT*EUICC (55)4.17通过UART口设置睡眠唤醒：AT+CSCLK (55)4.18设置睡眠等待时间：AT+WAKETIM (57)4.19设置RI指示功能：AT+CFGRI (58)4.20短信特定字符触发RI功能：AT*CMCRI (59)4.21设置MAC地址：AT+MIFIMAC (59)4.22读取ADC：AT+CADC (60)4.23读取VBAT电压：AT+CBC (60)4.24打开/关闭网络灯：AT+CNETLIGHT (61)4.26SIM卡自动切换开关：AT*SIMAUTO (64)4.27RNDIS/ECM功能开关：AT+RNDISCALL (64)4.28SECURE BOOT使能开关：AT*SECUREBOOT (64)4.29重新打开USB：AT+SYSNV=1,”UREBOOT”,1 (65)5网络服务相关命令 (66)5.1查询信号质量：AT+CSQ (66)5.2查询信号质量（扩展）：AT+CESQ (67)5.3打开CSQ主动上报：AT*CSQ (68)5.4网络注册信息：AT+CREG (69)5.5E-UTRAN EPS网络注册状态：AT+CEREG (71)5.6设置网络模式：AT^SYSCONFIG (72)5.7查询CID相关的上下文定义：AT+CGCONTRDP (73)5.8运营商查询和选择：AT+COPS (75)5.9自动时区更新：AT+CTZU (77)5.10打开NITZ自动上报：AT+CTZR (77)5.11(URC)NITZ自动上报：+NITZ:<TIME>,<DS> (77)5.12设置小区背景搜寻：AT+BGLTEPLMN (78)5.13使能HSDPA和HSUPA：AT*EHSDPA (79)5.14GSM/UMTS/LTE模式和频段设置：AT*BAND (81)5.15查询当前工作频段：AT*BANDIND (84)5.16查询接入机制（A CCESS T ECHNOLOGY）：AT^CACAP (88)5.17查询当前的系统信息：AT^SYSINFO (88)5.18设置无线接入方式：AT+CTEC (90)5.19小区/频率锁：AT*CELL (90)5.20读取基站定位（LBS）信息和时间：AT+CIPGSMLOC (92)5.21读取WIFI定位信息和时间：AT+WIFILOC (94)5.22获取WIFI信息：AT+WIFISCAN (96)5.23流量查询命令：AT^DATAINFO (96)5.24(URC)手动PLMN选择选项：+MSRI (97)5.25(URC)系统模式：^MODE (97)5.26(URC)SIM卡状态上报：^SIMST (98)5.27小区信息查询：AT+CCED (98)5.28设置工程模式：AT+EEMOPT (101)5.29在工程模式下查询GSM/UMTS/LTE信息：AT+EEMGINFO (102)5.30(URC)工程模式基本信息：+EEMGINFOBASIC (103)5.31(URC)GSM工程模式下当前小区的信息：+EEMGINFOSVC (103)5.32(URC)GSM工程模式下PS信息：+EEMGINFOPS (104)5.33(URC)GSM工程模式下邻接小区的信息：+EEMGINFONC (105)5.34(URC)工程模式下当前网络状态：+EEMGINBFTM (106)5.35(URC)UMTS工程模式下当前小区的信息：+EEMUMTSSVC (106)5.36(URC)UMTS工程欧式下同频率信息：+EEMUMTSINTRA (110)5.37(URC)UMTS工程模式下频间信息：+EEMUMTSINTER (110)5.38(URC)UMTS工程模式下无线接入技术间信息：+EEMUMTSINTERRAT (111)5.39(URC)LTE工程模式下服务小区信息：+EEMLTESVC (111)5.41(URC)LTE工程模式下频间信息：+EEMLTEINTER (113)5.42(URC)LTE工程模式下无线接入技术间信息：+EEMLTEINTERRAT (113)5.43(URC)事件控制指示：+CIEV (114)5.44(URC)网络服务类型指示 (115)6通话控制和音频相关命令 (116)6.1打开VOLTE功能：AT+SETVOLTE (116)6.2发起呼叫：ATD (116)6.3接听来电：ATA (117)6.4挂断通话：ATH (118)6.5挂断通话：AT+CHUP (118)6.6列出所有当前的呼叫：AT+CLCC (118)6.7设置主叫号码显示：AT+CLIP (120)6.8呼叫保持和多方通话：AT+CHLD (121)6.9产生DTMF音：AT+VTS (122)6.10DTMF TONE周期：AT+VTD (123)6.11TTS（T EXT T O S PEECH）功能：AT+CTTS (123)6.12设置TTS播放模式：AT+CTTSPARAM (124)6.13音频录制：AT+CAUDREC (124)6.14语音文件播放：AT+CAUDPLAY (125)6.15语音通道切换：AT+AUDCH (127)6.16通话音量控制：AT+CLVL (128)6.17本地音频播放音量控制：AT+CRSL (128)6.18音频功放类型设置指令：AT+SPKPA (129)6.19音频MIC增益设置指令：AT+CACCP (129)6.20IMS注册状态指令：AT+CIREG (130)6.21(URC)IMS注册状态信息：+CIREGU (131)7短消息命令 (132)7.1PDU短信编码格式介绍 (132)7.2选择短消息服务:AT+CSMS (134)7.3短消息优先存储区选择：AT+CPMS (134)7.4短消息中心地址：AT+CSCA (136)7.5短消息格式：AT+CMGF (136)7.6设置短信TEXT模式参数：AT+CSMP (137)7.7控制TEXT模式下短信头信息显示：AT+CSDH (138)7.8新消息指示：AT+CNMI (140)7.9新短消息确认：AT+CNMA (142)7.10发送短信：AT+CMGS (143)7.11把消息写入存储器：AT+CMGW (145)7.12从存储器发送短信：AT+CMSS (147)7.13短信链路控制命令：AT+CMMS (148)7.14读短信：AT+CMGR (149)7.15列举短消息：AT+CMGL (151)7.16删除短消息：AT+CMGD (153)7.18短信业务失败结果码：CMS ERROR：<ERR> (155)8电话本命令 (159)8.1选择电话本存储类型：AT+CPBS (159)8.2读取电话本记录：AT+CPBR (160)8.3查找电话本记录：AT+CPBF (161)8.4写电话本记录：AT+CPBW (162)8.5本机号码：AT+CNUM (164)9分组域相关命令 (165)9.1GPRS网络注册状态：AT+CGREG (165)9.2GPRS附着分离：AT+CGATT (166)9.3PDP上下文定义：AT+CGDCONT (167)9.4PDP上下文鉴权参数：AT+CGAUTH (169)9.5显示PDP地址：AT+CGPADDR (169)9.6PDP上下文激活：AT+CGACT (170)9.7可接受的最小服务质量简报：AT+CGQMIN (171)9.8请求的服务质量简报：AT+CGQREQ (172)9.9控制非请求GPRS事件上报：AT+CGEREP (173)9.10(URC)分组域事件URC上报：+CGEV (174)9.11通过CID查询本地IP地址：AT*GETIP (177)9.12打开或关闭自动获取APN：AT+AUTOAPN (177)9.13设置LTE下缺省的PDP承载：AT*CGDFLT (178)9.14设置LTE缺省的PDP承载的鉴权参数：AT*CGDFAUTH (179)10NTP相关命令 (181)10.1设置GPRS承载场景ID：AT+CNTPCID (181)10.2同步网络时间：AT+CNTP (181)11文件系统读写命令 (183)11.1创建一个文件：AT+FSCREATE (183)11.2读文件：AT+FSREAD (183)11.3写文件：AT+FSWRITE (184)11.4获取盘符：AT+FSDRIVE (184)11.5显示文件目录列表：AT+FSLS (185)11.6获取可用空间大小：AT+FSMEM (185)11.7创建目录：AT+FSMKDIR (185)11.8删除目录：AT+FSRMDIR (186)11.9删除文件：AT+FSDEL (186)11.10获取文件大小：AT+FSFLSIZE (186)11.11使用方法举例 (187)12嵌入式TCPIP命令 (189)12.1启动多IP连接：AT+CIPMUX (189)12.2启动任务并设置接入点APN、用户名、密码：AT+CSTT (189)12.3专网卡设置APN、用户名、密码和鉴权方式：AT+CPNETAPN (190)12.4激活移动场景(或发起GPRS或CSD无线连接)：AT+CIICR (191)12.5查询本地IP地址：AT+CIFSR (191)12.6设置TCP使用SSL功能：AT+CIPSSL (192)12.7配置TCP SSL参数：AT+SSLCFG (192)12.8配置本地TCP端口：AT+CLPORT (196)12.9建立TCP连接或注册UDP端口号：AT+CIPSTART (197)12.10选择TCPIP应用模式：AT+CIPMODE (199)12.11选择非透传数据发送模式：AT+CIPQSEND (199)12.12设置接收的数据末尾是否自动添加回车换行：AT+CIPRXF (200)12.13配置透明传输模式：AT+CIPCCFG (200)12.14发送数据：AT+CIPSEND (201)12.15设置自动发送数据前的定时时间：AT+CIPATS (203)12.16设置发送数据时是否显示‘>’和发送情况提示：AT+CIPSPRT (203)12.17查询当前连接状态：AT+CIPSTATUS (204)12.18查询已连接数据传输状态：AT+CIPACK (205)12.19设置为CSD或GPRS连接模式：AT+CIPCSGP (206)12.20配置域名服务器DNS：AT+CDNSCFG (206)12.21域名解析：AT+CDNSGIP (208)12.22设置单链接接收数据时是否显示发送方的IP地址和端口号：AT+CIPSRIP (209)12.23设置单链接接收数据是否显示IP头：AT+CIPHEAD (209)12.24设置单链接接收数据是否在IP头显示传输协议：AT+CIPSHOWTP (209)12.25配置TCP协议的参数：AT+TCPUSERPARAM (210)12.26多链接时接收数据：+RECEIVE (211)12.27保存TCPIP应用上下文：AT+CIPSCONT (211)12.28手动获得网络数据：AT+CIPRXGET (212)12.29关闭TCP或UDP连接：AT+CIPCLOSE (215)12.30关闭移动场景：AT+CIPSHUT (215)12.31修改RNDIS网卡网关IP地址：AT+ROUTEIP (216)12.32P ING回声请求命令:AT+CIPPING (216)12.33设置TCP保活（KEEP-ALIVE）参数:AT+CIPTKA (217)12.34心跳包参数设置:AT^HEARTCONFIG (218)12.35设置心跳包内容:AT^HEARTBEAT (219)12.36设置HEX编码格式心跳包内容:AT^HEARTBEATHEX (220)12.37查询心跳包发送情况:AT^HEARTINQUIRE (221)12.38从数据模式或PPP在线模式切换至命令模式：+++ (222)12.39从命令模式切换至数据模式：ATO (223)12.40TCP/UDP错误码 (223)12.41状态机 (224)12.42模块上电初始化以及TCPIP流程 (226)12.43使用方法举例 (228)13IP应用相关命令 (239)13.1IP应用设置：AT+SAPBR (239)14HTTP相关命令 (241)14.2启用SSL：AT+HTTPSSL (241)14.3设置HTTP参数值：AT+HTTPPARA (241)14.4写数据：AT+HTTPDATA (243)14.5HTTP方式激活：AT+HTTPACTION (244)14.6查询HTTP服务响应：AT+HTTPREAD (245)14.7获取HTTP服务响应数据：AT+HTTPGET (246)14.8查询HTTP头信息：AT+HTTPHEAD (246)14.9保存HTTP应用上下文：AT+HTTPSCONT (247)14.10终止HTTP任务：AT+HTTPTERM (247)14.11HTTP错误码：ERROR：<ERR CODE> (248)14.12使用方法举例 (248)15FTP相关命令 (254)15.1设置FTP控制端口：AT+FTPPORT (254)15.2设置FTP主动或被动模式：AT+FTPMODE (254)15.3设置FTP数据传输类型：AT+FTPTYPE (254)15.4设置FTP输入类型：AT+FTPPUTOPT (255)15.5设置FTP承载标识：AT+FTPCID (255)15.6设置FTP下载续传：AT+FTPREST (256)15.7设置FTP服务器地址：AT+FTPSERV (256)15.8设置FTP用户名称：AT+FTPUN (256)15.9设置FTP密码：AT+FTPPW (257)15.10设置FTP下载文件名称：AT+FTPGETNAME (257)15.11设置FTP下载文件路径：AT+FTPGETPATH (257)15.12设置FTP上传文件名称：AT+FTPPUTNAME (258)15.13设置FTP上传文件路径：AT+FTPPUTPATH (258)15.14远程服务器上创建文件目录：AT+FTPMKD (259)15.15远程服务器上删除文件目录：AT+FTPRMD (259)15.16下载文件：AT+FTPGET (260)15.17上传文件：AT+FTPPUT (261)15.18下载文件(扩展)：AT+FTPEXTGET (261)15.19上传文件(扩展)：AT+FTPEXTPUT (262)15.20下载文件并保存到文件系统中：AT+FTPGETTOFS (263)15.21从文件系统上传文件到服务器：AT+FTPPUTFRMFS (264)15.22从文件系统加载到RAM中并用FTPPUT上传：AT+FTPFILEPUT (264)15.23获取远程服务器上文件目录：AT+FTPLIST (265)15.24获取远程服务器上文件大小：AT+FTPSIZE (266)15.25获取FTP状态：AT+FTPSTATE (266)15.26保存FTP应用上下文：AT+FTPSCONT (266)15.27删除服务器上指定的文件：AT+FTPDELE (267)15.28退出当前FTP会话：AT+FTPQUIT (267)15.29使用方法举例 (267)16MQTT相关命令 (277)16.1设置MQTT相关参数：AT+MCONFIG (277)16.3客户端向服务器请求会话连接：AT+MCONNECT (278)16.4发布消息：AT+MPUB (279)16.5发布定长消息：AT+MPUBEX (280)16.6订阅主题：AT+MSUB (281)16.7取消订阅主题：AT+MUNSUB (282)16.8打印收到的所有的订阅消息：AT+MQTTMSGGET (283)16.9设置订阅消息的打印模式：AT+MQTTMSGSET (283)16.10MQTT消息编码格式切换：AT+MQTTMODE (284)16.11关闭TCP连接：AT+MIPCLOSE (285)16.12关闭MQTT连接：AT+MDISCONNECT (285)16.13查询MQTT连接状态：AT+MQTTSTATU (285)16.14使用方法举例 (285)17蓝牙相关命令 (290)17.1蓝牙开关：AT+BTCOMM=ENABLE (290)17.2设置名称：AT+BLECOMM=NAME (290)17.3设置广播数据：AT+BLEADV=ADVDATA (291)17.4设置响应数据：AT+BLEADV=SCANRSPDATA (291)17.5设置广播参数：AT+BLEADV=ADVPARAM (292)17.6添加服务：AT+BLEADV=ADDSERVICE (293)17.7添加特征：AT+BLEADV=ADDCHARACTERISTIC (294)17.8添加描述：AT+BLEADV=ADDDESCRIPTOR (295)17.9清除所有自定义服务：AT+BLEADV=CLEANALLSERVICE (295)17.10添加白名单：AT+BLECOMM=ADDWHITELIST (296)17.11移除白名单：AT+BLECOMM=REMOVEWHITELIST (296)17.12清空白名单：AT+BLECOMM=CLEANWHITELIST (296)17.13设置BEACON数据：AT+BLEADV=BEACONDATA (296)17.14广播开关：AT+BLEADV=ENABLE (297)17.15(URC)连接状态上报：+BLEIND=CONNECT (297)17.16(URC)断开状态上报：+BLEIND=DISCONNECT (298)17.17设置扫描参数：AT+BLESCAN=SCANPARAM (298)17.18扫描开关：AT+BLESCAN=ENABLE (299)17.19(URC)扫描结果上报：+BLEIND=SCAN (299)17.20连接从设备：AT+BLECOMM=CONNECT (300)17.21断开从设备：AT+BLECOMM=DISCONNECT (300)17.22发现服务UUID：AT+BLECOMM=FINDSERVICE (300)17.23(URC)服务UUID上报：+BLEIND=FINDSERVICE (301)17.24发现服务内的特征：AT+BLECOMM=FINDCHARACTERISTIC (301)17.25(URC)特征UUID上报：+BLEIND=FINDCHARACTERISTIC (302)17.26通知开关：AT+BLECOMM=NOTIFICATION (302)17.27发送数据：AT+BLECOMM=SENDDATA (302)17.28(URC)接收数据上报：+BLEIND=DATA (303)17.29蓝牙MAC地址：AT+BTMAC (303)17.30使用方法举例 (304)18GPS相关的命令 (307)18.1GPS开关：AT+CGNSPWR (307)18.2读取GNSS信息：AT+CGNSINF (307)18.3打开GNSS URC上报：AT+CGNSURC (308)18.4将读取到的GNSS数据发送到AT口：AT+CGNSTST (309)18.5给GNSS发送控制命令：AT+CGNSCMD (309)18.6读取GNSS版本：AT+CGNSVER (310)18.7设置辅助定位：AT+CGNSAID (310)18.8删除EPO文件：AT+CGNSDEL (311)18.9增加VIB电压输出：AT+LDO (311)18.10定义NMEA解析：AT+CGNSSEQ (311)18.11传入AGPS定位，所需的大概经纬度信息：AT+CRFLOC (312)18.12检查EPO文件属性：AT+CGNSCHK (312)18.13使用方法举例 (313)1AT命令概述1.1文档目的本手册详细介绍了合宙Luat LTE模块做支持的AT命令集。
PIC12F1501T-IMF;PIC12LF1501T-IMF;PIC12F1501-EMF;PIC12LF1501-EMF;中文规格书,Datasheet资料
Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, , dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, , PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2011, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. ISBN: 978-1-61341-765-2
3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)
3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)Technical Specification3rd Generation Partnership Project;Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network;Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);Radio Resource Control (RRC);Protocol specification(Release 13)The present document has been developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP TM) and may be further elaborated for the purposes of 3GPP. The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the 3GPP Organizational Partners and shall not be implemented.This Specification is provided for future development work within 3GPP only. The Organizational Partners accept no liability for any use of this Specification. Specifications and reports for implementation of the 3GPP TM system should be obtained via the 3GPP Organizational Partners' Publications Offices.KeywordsUMTS, radio3GPPPostal address3GPP support office address650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia AntipolisValbonne - FRANCETel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16InternetCopyright NotificationNo part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© 2016, 3GPP Organizational Partners (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC).All rights reserved.UMTS™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its members3GPP™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational PartnersLTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners GSM® and the GSM logo are registered and owned by the GSM AssociationBluetooth® is a Trade Mark of the Bluetooth SIG registered for the benefit of its membersContentsForeword (18)1Scope (19)2References (19)3Definitions, symbols and abbreviations (22)3.1Definitions (22)3.2Abbreviations (24)4General (27)4.1Introduction (27)4.2Architecture (28)4.2.1UE states and state transitions including inter RAT (28)4.2.2Signalling radio bearers (29)4.3Services (30)4.3.1Services provided to upper layers (30)4.3.2Services expected from lower layers (30)4.4Functions (30)5Procedures (32)5.1General (32)5.1.1Introduction (32)5.1.2General requirements (32)5.2System information (33)5.2.1Introduction (33)5.2.1.1General (33)5.2.1.2Scheduling (34)5.2.1.2a Scheduling for NB-IoT (34)5.2.1.3System information validity and notification of changes (35)5.2.1.4Indication of ETWS notification (36)5.2.1.5Indication of CMAS notification (37)5.2.1.6Notification of EAB parameters change (37)5.2.1.7Access Barring parameters change in NB-IoT (37)5.2.2System information acquisition (38)5.2.2.1General (38)5.2.2.2Initiation (38)5.2.2.3System information required by the UE (38)5.2.2.4System information acquisition by the UE (39)5.2.2.5Essential system information missing (42)5.2.2.6Actions upon reception of the MasterInformationBlock message (42)5.2.2.7Actions upon reception of the SystemInformationBlockType1 message (42)5.2.2.8Actions upon reception of SystemInformation messages (44)5.2.2.9Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType2 (44)5.2.2.10Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType3 (45)5.2.2.11Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType4 (45)5.2.2.12Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType5 (45)5.2.2.13Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType6 (45)5.2.2.14Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType7 (45)5.2.2.15Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType8 (45)5.2.2.16Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType9 (46)5.2.2.17Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType10 (46)5.2.2.18Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType11 (46)5.2.2.19Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType12 (47)5.2.2.20Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType13 (48)5.2.2.21Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType14 (48)5.2.2.22Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType15 (48)5.2.2.23Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType16 (48)5.2.2.24Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType17 (48)5.2.2.25Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType18 (48)5.2.2.26Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType19 (49)5.2.3Acquisition of an SI message (49)5.2.3a Acquisition of an SI message by BL UE or UE in CE or a NB-IoT UE (50)5.3Connection control (50)5.3.1Introduction (50)5.3.1.1RRC connection control (50)5.3.1.2Security (52)5.3.1.2a RN security (53)5.3.1.3Connected mode mobility (53)5.3.1.4Connection control in NB-IoT (54)5.3.2Paging (55)5.3.2.1General (55)5.3.2.2Initiation (55)5.3.2.3Reception of the Paging message by the UE (55)5.3.3RRC connection establishment (56)5.3.3.1General (56)5.3.3.1a Conditions for establishing RRC Connection for sidelink communication/ discovery (58)5.3.3.2Initiation (59)5.3.3.3Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionRequest message (63)5.3.3.3a Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionResumeRequest message (64)5.3.3.4Reception of the RRCConnectionSetup by the UE (64)5.3.3.4a Reception of the RRCConnectionResume by the UE (66)5.3.3.5Cell re-selection while T300, T302, T303, T305, T306, or T308 is running (68)5.3.3.6T300 expiry (68)5.3.3.7T302, T303, T305, T306, or T308 expiry or stop (69)5.3.3.8Reception of the RRCConnectionReject by the UE (70)5.3.3.9Abortion of RRC connection establishment (71)5.3.3.10Handling of SSAC related parameters (71)5.3.3.11Access barring check (72)5.3.3.12EAB check (73)5.3.3.13Access barring check for ACDC (73)5.3.3.14Access Barring check for NB-IoT (74)5.3.4Initial security activation (75)5.3.4.1General (75)5.3.4.2Initiation (76)5.3.4.3Reception of the SecurityModeCommand by the UE (76)5.3.5RRC connection reconfiguration (77)5.3.5.1General (77)5.3.5.2Initiation (77)5.3.5.3Reception of an RRCConnectionReconfiguration not including the mobilityControlInfo by theUE (77)5.3.5.4Reception of an RRCConnectionReconfiguration including the mobilityControlInfo by the UE(handover) (79)5.3.5.5Reconfiguration failure (83)5.3.5.6T304 expiry (handover failure) (83)5.3.5.7Void (84)5.3.5.7a T307 expiry (SCG change failure) (84)5.3.5.8Radio Configuration involving full configuration option (84)5.3.6Counter check (86)5.3.6.1General (86)5.3.6.2Initiation (86)5.3.6.3Reception of the CounterCheck message by the UE (86)5.3.7RRC connection re-establishment (87)5.3.7.1General (87)5.3.7.2Initiation (87)5.3.7.3Actions following cell selection while T311 is running (88)5.3.7.4Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest message (89)5.3.7.5Reception of the RRCConnectionReestablishment by the UE (89)5.3.7.6T311 expiry (91)5.3.7.7T301 expiry or selected cell no longer suitable (91)5.3.7.8Reception of RRCConnectionReestablishmentReject by the UE (91)5.3.8RRC connection release (92)5.3.8.1General (92)5.3.8.2Initiation (92)5.3.8.3Reception of the RRCConnectionRelease by the UE (92)5.3.8.4T320 expiry (93)5.3.9RRC connection release requested by upper layers (93)5.3.9.1General (93)5.3.9.2Initiation (93)5.3.10Radio resource configuration (93)5.3.10.0General (93)5.3.10.1SRB addition/ modification (94)5.3.10.2DRB release (95)5.3.10.3DRB addition/ modification (95)5.3.10.3a1DC specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (96)5.3.10.3a2LWA specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (98)5.3.10.3a3LWIP specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (98)5.3.10.3a SCell release (99)5.3.10.3b SCell addition/ modification (99)5.3.10.3c PSCell addition or modification (99)5.3.10.4MAC main reconfiguration (99)5.3.10.5Semi-persistent scheduling reconfiguration (100)5.3.10.6Physical channel reconfiguration (100)5.3.10.7Radio Link Failure Timers and Constants reconfiguration (101)5.3.10.8Time domain measurement resource restriction for serving cell (101)5.3.10.9Other configuration (102)5.3.10.10SCG reconfiguration (103)5.3.10.11SCG dedicated resource configuration (104)5.3.10.12Reconfiguration SCG or split DRB by drb-ToAddModList (105)5.3.10.13Neighbour cell information reconfiguration (105)5.3.10.14Void (105)5.3.10.15Sidelink dedicated configuration (105)5.3.10.16T370 expiry (106)5.3.11Radio link failure related actions (107)5.3.11.1Detection of physical layer problems in RRC_CONNECTED (107)5.3.11.2Recovery of physical layer problems (107)5.3.11.3Detection of radio link failure (107)5.3.12UE actions upon leaving RRC_CONNECTED (109)5.3.13UE actions upon PUCCH/ SRS release request (110)5.3.14Proximity indication (110)5.3.14.1General (110)5.3.14.2Initiation (111)5.3.14.3Actions related to transmission of ProximityIndication message (111)5.3.15Void (111)5.4Inter-RAT mobility (111)5.4.1Introduction (111)5.4.2Handover to E-UTRA (112)5.4.2.1General (112)5.4.2.2Initiation (112)5.4.2.3Reception of the RRCConnectionReconfiguration by the UE (112)5.4.2.4Reconfiguration failure (114)5.4.2.5T304 expiry (handover to E-UTRA failure) (114)5.4.3Mobility from E-UTRA (114)5.4.3.1General (114)5.4.3.2Initiation (115)5.4.3.3Reception of the MobilityFromEUTRACommand by the UE (115)5.4.3.4Successful completion of the mobility from E-UTRA (116)5.4.3.5Mobility from E-UTRA failure (117)5.4.4Handover from E-UTRA preparation request (CDMA2000) (117)5.4.4.1General (117)5.4.4.2Initiation (118)5.4.4.3Reception of the HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest by the UE (118)5.4.5UL handover preparation transfer (CDMA2000) (118)5.4.5.1General (118)5.4.5.2Initiation (118)5.4.5.3Actions related to transmission of the ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message (119)5.4.5.4Failure to deliver the ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message (119)5.4.6Inter-RAT cell change order to E-UTRAN (119)5.4.6.1General (119)5.4.6.2Initiation (119)5.4.6.3UE fails to complete an inter-RAT cell change order (119)5.5Measurements (120)5.5.1Introduction (120)5.5.2Measurement configuration (121)5.5.2.1General (121)5.5.2.2Measurement identity removal (122)5.5.2.2a Measurement identity autonomous removal (122)5.5.2.3Measurement identity addition/ modification (123)5.5.2.4Measurement object removal (124)5.5.2.5Measurement object addition/ modification (124)5.5.2.6Reporting configuration removal (126)5.5.2.7Reporting configuration addition/ modification (127)5.5.2.8Quantity configuration (127)5.5.2.9Measurement gap configuration (127)5.5.2.10Discovery signals measurement timing configuration (128)5.5.2.11RSSI measurement timing configuration (128)5.5.3Performing measurements (128)5.5.3.1General (128)5.5.3.2Layer 3 filtering (131)5.5.4Measurement report triggering (131)5.5.4.1General (131)5.5.4.2Event A1 (Serving becomes better than threshold) (135)5.5.4.3Event A2 (Serving becomes worse than threshold) (136)5.5.4.4Event A3 (Neighbour becomes offset better than PCell/ PSCell) (136)5.5.4.5Event A4 (Neighbour becomes better than threshold) (137)5.5.4.6Event A5 (PCell/ PSCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better thanthreshold2) (138)5.5.4.6a Event A6 (Neighbour becomes offset better than SCell) (139)5.5.4.7Event B1 (Inter RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold) (139)5.5.4.8Event B2 (PCell becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT neighbour becomes better thanthreshold2) (140)5.5.4.9Event C1 (CSI-RS resource becomes better than threshold) (141)5.5.4.10Event C2 (CSI-RS resource becomes offset better than reference CSI-RS resource) (141)5.5.4.11Event W1 (WLAN becomes better than a threshold) (142)5.5.4.12Event W2 (All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than threshold1 and a WLANoutside WLAN mobility set becomes better than threshold2) (142)5.5.4.13Event W3 (All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than a threshold) (143)5.5.5Measurement reporting (144)5.5.6Measurement related actions (148)5.5.6.1Actions upon handover and re-establishment (148)5.5.6.2Speed dependant scaling of measurement related parameters (149)5.5.7Inter-frequency RSTD measurement indication (149)5.5.7.1General (149)5.5.7.2Initiation (150)5.5.7.3Actions related to transmission of InterFreqRSTDMeasurementIndication message (150)5.6Other (150)5.6.0General (150)5.6.1DL information transfer (151)5.6.1.1General (151)5.6.1.2Initiation (151)5.6.1.3Reception of the DLInformationTransfer by the UE (151)5.6.2UL information transfer (151)5.6.2.1General (151)5.6.2.2Initiation (151)5.6.2.3Actions related to transmission of ULInformationTransfer message (152)5.6.2.4Failure to deliver ULInformationTransfer message (152)5.6.3UE capability transfer (152)5.6.3.1General (152)5.6.3.2Initiation (153)5.6.3.3Reception of the UECapabilityEnquiry by the UE (153)5.6.4CSFB to 1x Parameter transfer (157)5.6.4.1General (157)5.6.4.2Initiation (157)5.6.4.3Actions related to transmission of CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 message (157)5.6.4.4Reception of the CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 message (157)5.6.5UE Information (158)5.6.5.1General (158)5.6.5.2Initiation (158)5.6.5.3Reception of the UEInformationRequest message (158)5.6.6 Logged Measurement Configuration (159)5.6.6.1General (159)5.6.6.2Initiation (160)5.6.6.3Reception of the LoggedMeasurementConfiguration by the UE (160)5.6.6.4T330 expiry (160)5.6.7 Release of Logged Measurement Configuration (160)5.6.7.1General (160)5.6.7.2Initiation (160)5.6.8 Measurements logging (161)5.6.8.1General (161)5.6.8.2Initiation (161)5.6.9In-device coexistence indication (163)5.6.9.1General (163)5.6.9.2Initiation (164)5.6.9.3Actions related to transmission of InDeviceCoexIndication message (164)5.6.10UE Assistance Information (165)5.6.10.1General (165)5.6.10.2Initiation (166)5.6.10.3Actions related to transmission of UEAssistanceInformation message (166)5.6.11 Mobility history information (166)5.6.11.1General (166)5.6.11.2Initiation (166)5.6.12RAN-assisted WLAN interworking (167)5.6.12.1General (167)5.6.12.2Dedicated WLAN offload configuration (167)5.6.12.3WLAN offload RAN evaluation (167)5.6.12.4T350 expiry or stop (167)5.6.12.5Cell selection/ re-selection while T350 is running (168)5.6.13SCG failure information (168)5.6.13.1General (168)5.6.13.2Initiation (168)5.6.13.3Actions related to transmission of SCGFailureInformation message (168)5.6.14LTE-WLAN Aggregation (169)5.6.14.1Introduction (169)5.6.14.2Reception of LWA configuration (169)5.6.14.3Release of LWA configuration (170)5.6.15WLAN connection management (170)5.6.15.1Introduction (170)5.6.15.2WLAN connection status reporting (170)5.6.15.2.1General (170)5.6.15.2.2Initiation (171)5.6.15.2.3Actions related to transmission of WLANConnectionStatusReport message (171)5.6.15.3T351 Expiry (WLAN connection attempt timeout) (171)5.6.15.4WLAN status monitoring (171)5.6.16RAN controlled LTE-WLAN interworking (172)5.6.16.1General (172)5.6.16.2WLAN traffic steering command (172)5.6.17LTE-WLAN aggregation with IPsec tunnel (173)5.6.17.1General (173)5.7Generic error handling (174)5.7.1General (174)5.7.2ASN.1 violation or encoding error (174)5.7.3Field set to a not comprehended value (174)5.7.4Mandatory field missing (174)5.7.5Not comprehended field (176)5.8MBMS (176)5.8.1Introduction (176)5.8.1.1General (176)5.8.1.2Scheduling (176)5.8.1.3MCCH information validity and notification of changes (176)5.8.2MCCH information acquisition (178)5.8.2.1General (178)5.8.2.2Initiation (178)5.8.2.3MCCH information acquisition by the UE (178)5.8.2.4Actions upon reception of the MBSFNAreaConfiguration message (178)5.8.2.5Actions upon reception of the MBMSCountingRequest message (179)5.8.3MBMS PTM radio bearer configuration (179)5.8.3.1General (179)5.8.3.2Initiation (179)5.8.3.3MRB establishment (179)5.8.3.4MRB release (179)5.8.4MBMS Counting Procedure (179)5.8.4.1General (179)5.8.4.2Initiation (180)5.8.4.3Reception of the MBMSCountingRequest message by the UE (180)5.8.5MBMS interest indication (181)5.8.5.1General (181)5.8.5.2Initiation (181)5.8.5.3Determine MBMS frequencies of interest (182)5.8.5.4Actions related to transmission of MBMSInterestIndication message (183)5.8a SC-PTM (183)5.8a.1Introduction (183)5.8a.1.1General (183)5.8a.1.2SC-MCCH scheduling (183)5.8a.1.3SC-MCCH information validity and notification of changes (183)5.8a.1.4Procedures (184)5.8a.2SC-MCCH information acquisition (184)5.8a.2.1General (184)5.8a.2.2Initiation (184)5.8a.2.3SC-MCCH information acquisition by the UE (184)5.8a.2.4Actions upon reception of the SCPTMConfiguration message (185)5.8a.3SC-PTM radio bearer configuration (185)5.8a.3.1General (185)5.8a.3.2Initiation (185)5.8a.3.3SC-MRB establishment (185)5.8a.3.4SC-MRB release (185)5.9RN procedures (186)5.9.1RN reconfiguration (186)5.9.1.1General (186)5.9.1.2Initiation (186)5.9.1.3Reception of the RNReconfiguration by the RN (186)5.10Sidelink (186)5.10.1Introduction (186)5.10.1a Conditions for sidelink communication operation (187)5.10.2Sidelink UE information (188)5.10.2.1General (188)5.10.2.2Initiation (189)5.10.2.3Actions related to transmission of SidelinkUEInformation message (193)5.10.3Sidelink communication monitoring (195)5.10.6Sidelink discovery announcement (198)5.10.6a Sidelink discovery announcement pool selection (201)5.10.6b Sidelink discovery announcement reference carrier selection (201)5.10.7Sidelink synchronisation information transmission (202)5.10.7.1General (202)5.10.7.2Initiation (203)5.10.7.3Transmission of SLSS (204)5.10.7.4Transmission of MasterInformationBlock-SL message (205)5.10.7.5Void (206)5.10.8Sidelink synchronisation reference (206)5.10.8.1General (206)5.10.8.2Selection and reselection of synchronisation reference UE (SyncRef UE) (206)5.10.9Sidelink common control information (207)5.10.9.1General (207)5.10.9.2Actions related to reception of MasterInformationBlock-SL message (207)5.10.10Sidelink relay UE operation (207)5.10.10.1General (207)5.10.10.2AS-conditions for relay related sidelink communication transmission by sidelink relay UE (207)5.10.10.3AS-conditions for relay PS related sidelink discovery transmission by sidelink relay UE (208)5.10.10.4Sidelink relay UE threshold conditions (208)5.10.11Sidelink remote UE operation (208)5.10.11.1General (208)5.10.11.2AS-conditions for relay related sidelink communication transmission by sidelink remote UE (208)5.10.11.3AS-conditions for relay PS related sidelink discovery transmission by sidelink remote UE (209)5.10.11.4Selection and reselection of sidelink relay UE (209)5.10.11.5Sidelink remote UE threshold conditions (210)6Protocol data units, formats and parameters (tabular & ASN.1) (210)6.1General (210)6.2RRC messages (212)6.2.1General message structure (212)–EUTRA-RRC-Definitions (212)–BCCH-BCH-Message (212)–BCCH-DL-SCH-Message (212)–BCCH-DL-SCH-Message-BR (213)–MCCH-Message (213)–PCCH-Message (213)–DL-CCCH-Message (214)–DL-DCCH-Message (214)–UL-CCCH-Message (214)–UL-DCCH-Message (215)–SC-MCCH-Message (215)6.2.2Message definitions (216)–CounterCheck (216)–CounterCheckResponse (217)–CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 (217)–CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 (218)–DLInformationTransfer (218)–HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest (CDMA2000) (219)–InDeviceCoexIndication (220)–InterFreqRSTDMeasurementIndication (222)–LoggedMeasurementConfiguration (223)–MasterInformationBlock (225)–MBMSCountingRequest (226)–MBMSCountingResponse (226)–MBMSInterestIndication (227)–MBSFNAreaConfiguration (228)–MeasurementReport (228)–MobilityFromEUTRACommand (229)–Paging (232)–ProximityIndication (233)–RNReconfiguration (234)–RNReconfigurationComplete (234)–RRCConnectionReconfiguration (235)–RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete (240)–RRCConnectionReestablishment (241)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentComplete (241)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentReject (242)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest (243)–RRCConnectionReject (243)–RRCConnectionRelease (244)–RRCConnectionResume (248)–RRCConnectionResumeComplete (249)–RRCConnectionResumeRequest (250)–RRCConnectionRequest (250)–RRCConnectionSetup (251)–RRCConnectionSetupComplete (252)–SCGFailureInformation (253)–SCPTMConfiguration (254)–SecurityModeCommand (255)–SecurityModeComplete (255)–SecurityModeFailure (256)–SidelinkUEInformation (256)–SystemInformation (258)–SystemInformationBlockType1 (259)–UEAssistanceInformation (264)–UECapabilityEnquiry (265)–UECapabilityInformation (266)–UEInformationRequest (267)–UEInformationResponse (267)–ULHandoverPreparationTransfer (CDMA2000) (273)–ULInformationTransfer (274)–WLANConnectionStatusReport (274)6.3RRC information elements (275)6.3.1System information blocks (275)–SystemInformationBlockType2 (275)–SystemInformationBlockType3 (279)–SystemInformationBlockType4 (282)–SystemInformationBlockType5 (283)–SystemInformationBlockType6 (287)–SystemInformationBlockType7 (289)–SystemInformationBlockType8 (290)–SystemInformationBlockType9 (295)–SystemInformationBlockType10 (295)–SystemInformationBlockType11 (296)–SystemInformationBlockType12 (297)–SystemInformationBlockType13 (297)–SystemInformationBlockType14 (298)–SystemInformationBlockType15 (298)–SystemInformationBlockType16 (299)–SystemInformationBlockType17 (300)–SystemInformationBlockType18 (301)–SystemInformationBlockType19 (301)–SystemInformationBlockType20 (304)6.3.2Radio resource control information elements (304)–AntennaInfo (304)–AntennaInfoUL (306)–CQI-ReportConfig (307)–CQI-ReportPeriodicProcExtId (314)–CrossCarrierSchedulingConfig (314)–CSI-IM-Config (315)–CSI-IM-ConfigId (315)–CSI-RS-Config (317)–CSI-RS-ConfigEMIMO (318)–CSI-RS-ConfigNZP (319)–CSI-RS-ConfigNZPId (320)–CSI-RS-ConfigZP (321)–CSI-RS-ConfigZPId (321)–DMRS-Config (321)–DRB-Identity (322)–EPDCCH-Config (322)–EIMTA-MainConfig (324)–LogicalChannelConfig (325)–LWA-Configuration (326)–LWIP-Configuration (326)–RCLWI-Configuration (327)–MAC-MainConfig (327)–P-C-AndCBSR (332)–PDCCH-ConfigSCell (333)–PDCP-Config (334)–PDSCH-Config (337)–PDSCH-RE-MappingQCL-ConfigId (339)–PHICH-Config (339)–PhysicalConfigDedicated (339)–P-Max (344)–PRACH-Config (344)–PresenceAntennaPort1 (346)–PUCCH-Config (347)–PUSCH-Config (351)–RACH-ConfigCommon (355)–RACH-ConfigDedicated (357)–RadioResourceConfigCommon (358)–RadioResourceConfigDedicated (362)–RLC-Config (367)–RLF-TimersAndConstants (369)–RN-SubframeConfig (370)–SchedulingRequestConfig (371)–SoundingRS-UL-Config (372)–SPS-Config (375)–TDD-Config (376)–TimeAlignmentTimer (377)–TPC-PDCCH-Config (377)–TunnelConfigLWIP (378)–UplinkPowerControl (379)–WLAN-Id-List (382)–WLAN-MobilityConfig (382)6.3.3Security control information elements (382)–NextHopChainingCount (382)–SecurityAlgorithmConfig (383)–ShortMAC-I (383)6.3.4Mobility control information elements (383)–AdditionalSpectrumEmission (383)–ARFCN-ValueCDMA2000 (383)–ARFCN-ValueEUTRA (384)–ARFCN-ValueGERAN (384)–ARFCN-ValueUTRA (384)–BandclassCDMA2000 (384)–BandIndicatorGERAN (385)–CarrierFreqCDMA2000 (385)–CarrierFreqGERAN (385)–CellIndexList (387)–CellReselectionPriority (387)–CellSelectionInfoCE (387)–CellReselectionSubPriority (388)–CSFB-RegistrationParam1XRTT (388)–CellGlobalIdEUTRA (389)–CellGlobalIdUTRA (389)–CellGlobalIdGERAN (390)–CellGlobalIdCDMA2000 (390)–CellSelectionInfoNFreq (391)–CSG-Identity (391)–FreqBandIndicator (391)–MobilityControlInfo (391)–MobilityParametersCDMA2000 (1xRTT) (393)–MobilityStateParameters (394)–MultiBandInfoList (394)–NS-PmaxList (394)–PhysCellId (395)–PhysCellIdRange (395)–PhysCellIdRangeUTRA-FDDList (395)–PhysCellIdCDMA2000 (396)–PhysCellIdGERAN (396)–PhysCellIdUTRA-FDD (396)–PhysCellIdUTRA-TDD (396)–PLMN-Identity (397)–PLMN-IdentityList3 (397)–PreRegistrationInfoHRPD (397)–Q-QualMin (398)–Q-RxLevMin (398)–Q-OffsetRange (398)–Q-OffsetRangeInterRAT (399)–ReselectionThreshold (399)–ReselectionThresholdQ (399)–SCellIndex (399)–ServCellIndex (400)–SpeedStateScaleFactors (400)–SystemInfoListGERAN (400)–SystemTimeInfoCDMA2000 (401)–TrackingAreaCode (401)–T-Reselection (402)–T-ReselectionEUTRA-CE (402)6.3.5Measurement information elements (402)–AllowedMeasBandwidth (402)–CSI-RSRP-Range (402)–Hysteresis (402)–LocationInfo (403)–MBSFN-RSRQ-Range (403)–MeasConfig (404)–MeasDS-Config (405)–MeasGapConfig (406)–MeasId (407)–MeasIdToAddModList (407)–MeasObjectCDMA2000 (408)–MeasObjectEUTRA (408)–MeasObjectGERAN (412)–MeasObjectId (412)–MeasObjectToAddModList (412)–MeasObjectUTRA (413)–ReportConfigEUTRA (422)–ReportConfigId (425)–ReportConfigInterRAT (425)–ReportConfigToAddModList (428)–ReportInterval (429)–RSRP-Range (429)–RSRQ-Range (430)–RSRQ-Type (430)–RS-SINR-Range (430)–RSSI-Range-r13 (431)–TimeToTrigger (431)–UL-DelayConfig (431)–WLAN-CarrierInfo (431)–WLAN-RSSI-Range (432)–WLAN-Status (432)6.3.6Other information elements (433)–AbsoluteTimeInfo (433)–AreaConfiguration (433)–C-RNTI (433)–DedicatedInfoCDMA2000 (434)–DedicatedInfoNAS (434)–FilterCoefficient (434)–LoggingDuration (434)–LoggingInterval (435)–MeasSubframePattern (435)–MMEC (435)–NeighCellConfig (435)–OtherConfig (436)–RAND-CDMA2000 (1xRTT) (437)–RAT-Type (437)–ResumeIdentity (437)–RRC-TransactionIdentifier (438)–S-TMSI (438)–TraceReference (438)–UE-CapabilityRAT-ContainerList (438)–UE-EUTRA-Capability (439)–UE-RadioPagingInfo (469)–UE-TimersAndConstants (469)–VisitedCellInfoList (470)–WLAN-OffloadConfig (470)6.3.7MBMS information elements (472)–MBMS-NotificationConfig (472)–MBMS-ServiceList (473)–MBSFN-AreaId (473)–MBSFN-AreaInfoList (473)–MBSFN-SubframeConfig (474)–PMCH-InfoList (475)6.3.7a SC-PTM information elements (476)–SC-MTCH-InfoList (476)–SCPTM-NeighbourCellList (478)6.3.8Sidelink information elements (478)–SL-CommConfig (478)–SL-CommResourcePool (479)–SL-CP-Len (480)–SL-DiscConfig (481)–SL-DiscResourcePool (483)–SL-DiscTxPowerInfo (485)–SL-GapConfig (485)。
CS5381-KZZ;CS5381-KSZ;CS5381-KZZR;CS5381-KSZR;中文规格书,Datasheet资料
192 kHz ! 260 mW Power Consumption ! High-Pass Filter or DC Offset Calibration ! Supports Logic Levels between 5 and 2.5 V ! Differential Analog Architecture ! Low-Latency Digital Filtering ! Overflow Detection ! Pin-Compatible with the CS5361
Analog Supply 5V
Digital Supply 3.3 V to 5 V
Interface Supply 2.5 V to 5 V
Differential Inputs
Differential Inputs
Internal Voltage Reference
Switch-Cap ADC
Switch-Biblioteka ap ADCDigital Filters
Digital Filters
Level Translator
Thermo-calc软件-TCCP用户指南 (有目录索引)
Thermo-Calc®User’s GuideVersion PThermo-Calc Software ABStockholm Technology ParkBjörnnäsvägen 21SE-113 47 Stockholm, SwedenCopyright © 1995-2003 Foundation of Computational ThermodynamicsStockholm, Sweden目录第1部分一般介绍 (12)1.1 计算热力学 (12)1.2 Thermo-Calc软件/数据库/界面包 (12)1.3 致谢 (13)1.4 版本历史 (13)1.5 Thermo-Calc软件包的通用结构 (13)1.6 各类硬件上Thermo-Calc软件包的有效性 (14)1.7 使用Thermo-Calc软件包的好处 (14)第2部分如何成为Thermo-Calc专家 (14)2.1 如何容易地使用本用户指南 (14)2.2 如何安装和维护Thermo-Calc软件包 (16)2.2.1 许可要求 (16)2.2.2 安装程序 (16)2.2.3 维护当前和以前版本 (16)2.2.4 使TCC执行更方便 (16)2.3 如何成为Thermo-Calc专家 (16)2.3.1 从TCSAB与其世界各地的代理获得迅速技术支持 (17)2.3.2 日常使用各种Thermo-Calc功能 (17)2.3.3 以专业的和高质量的标准提交结果 (17)2.3.4 通过各种渠道相互交换经验 (17)第3部分Thermo-Calc软件系统 (17)3.1 Thermo-Calc软件系统的目标 (17)3.2 一些热力学术语的介绍 (18)3.2.1 热力学 (18)3.2.2 体系、组元、相、组成、物种（System, component, phases, constituents and species） (18)3.2.3 结构、亚点阵和位置 (19)3.2.4 成分、构成、位置分数、摩尔分数和浓度(composition, constitution, site fractions, molefractions and concentration) (19)3.2.5 平衡态和状态变量 (19)3.2.6 导出变量 (22)3.2.7 Gibbs相规则 (25)3.2.8 状态的热力学函数 (25)3.2.9 具有多相的体系 (25)3.2.10 不可逆热力学 (26)3.2.11 热力学模型 (26)3.2.12 与各种状态变量有关的Gibbs能 (27)3.2.13 参考态与标准态 (27)3.2.14 溶解度范围 (28)3.2.15 驱动力 (28)3.2.16 化学反应 (28)3.2.17 与平衡常数方法相对的Gibbs能最小化技术 (28)3.2.18 平衡计算 (29)3.3 热力学数据 (30)3.3.1 数据结构 (30)3.3.3 数据估价 (32)3.3.6 数据加密 (33)3.4 用户界面 (34)3.4.1 普通结构 (34)3.4.2 缩写 (34)3.4.3 过程机制（history mechanism） (35)3.4.4 工作目录和目标目录(Working directory and target directory) (35)3.4.5 参数转换为命令 (36)3.4.6 缺省值 (36)3.4.7 不理解的问题 (36)3.4.8 帮助与信息 (36)3.4.9 出错消息 (36)3.4.10 控制符 (36)3.4.11 私人文件 (36)3.4.12 宏工具 (37)3.4.13 模块性 (37)3.5 Thermo-Calc中的模块 (37)3.5.1 基本模块 (37)3.7 Thermo-Calc编程界面 (39)3.7.1 Thermo-Calc作为引肇 (39)3.7.2 Thermo-Calc应用编程界面：TQ和TCAPI (40)3.7.3 在其它软件包中开发Thermo-Calc工具箱 (43)3.7.4 材料性质计算核材料工艺模拟的应用 (43)3.8 Thermo-Calc的功能 (44)3.9 Thermo-Calc应用 (44)第4部分Thermo-Calc数据库描述 (45)4.1 引言 (45)4.2 Thermo-Calc数据库描述形式 (45)第5部分数据库模块（TDB）——用户指南 (55)5.1 引言 (55)5.2 TDB模块中用户界面 (56)5.3 开始 (56)5.3.1 SWITCH-DATABASE (56)5.3.2 LIST-DATABASE ELEMENT (56)5.3.3 DEFINE_ELEMENTS (56)5.3.4 LIST_SYSTEM CONSTITUENT (56)5.3.5 REJECT PHASE (56)5.3.6 RESTORE PHASE (56)5.3.7 GET_DATA (56)5.4 所有TDB监视命令的描述 (56)5.4.1 AMEND_SELACTION (56)5.4.6 DEFINE_SPECIES (58)5.4.7 DEFINE_SYSTEM (58)5.4.8 EXCLUDE_UNUSED_SPECIES (58)5.4.9 EXIT (58)5.4.10 GET_DATA (58)5.4.11 GOTO_MODULE (59)5.4.12 HELP (59)5.4.13 INFORMA TION (59)5.4.14 LIST_DATABASE (60)5.4.15 LIST_SYSTEM (60)5.4.16 MERGE_WITH_DA TABASES (61)5.4.17 NEW_DIRECTORY_FILE (61)5.4.18 REJECT (61)5.4.19 RESTORE (62)5.4.20 SET_AUTO_APPEND_DA TABASE (62)5.4.21 SWITCH_DA TABASE (63)5.5 扩展命令 (64)第6部分数据库模块（TDB）——管理指南 (64)6.1 引言 (64)6.2 TDB模块的初始化 (65)6.3 数据库定义文件语法 (66)6.3.1 ELEMENT (67)6.3.2 SPECIES (67)6.3.3 PHASE (67)6.3.4 CONSTITUENT (67)6.3.5 ADD_CONSTITUENT (68)6.3.6 COMPOUND_PHASE (68)6.3.7 ALLOTROPIC_PHASE (68)6.3.8 TEMPERA TURE_LIMITS (68)6.3.9 DEFINE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT (69)6.3.10 DEFAULT_COMMAND (69)6.3.11 DATABASE_INFORMATION (69)6.3.12 TYPE_DEFINITION (69)6.3.13 FTP_FILE (70)6.3.14 FUNCTION (70)6.3.15 PARAMETER (72)6.3.16 OPTIONS (73)6.3.17 TABLE (73)6.3.18 ASSESSED_SYSTEMS (73)6.3.19 REFERENCE_FILE (74)6.3.20 LIST_OF_REFERENCE (75)6.3.21 CASE与ENDCASE (76)6.3.22 VERSION_DA TA (76)6.5 数据库定义文件实例 (77)6.5.1 例1：一个小的钢数据库 (77)6.5.2 例2：Sb-Sn系个人数据库 (78)第7部分制表模块（TAB） (81)7.1 引言 (81)7.2 一般命令 (81)7.2.1 HELP (81)7.2.2 GOTO_MODULE (81)7.2.3 BACK (82)7.2.4 EXIT (82)7.2.5 PATCH (82)7.3 重要命令 (82)7.3.1 TABULATE_SUBSTANCE (82)7.3.2 TABULATE_REACTION (85)7.3.3 ENTER_REACTION (86)7.3.4 SWITCH_DA TABASE (87)7.3.5 ENTER_FUNCTION (88)7.3.6 TABULATE_DERIV A TIVES (89)7.3.7 LIST_SUBSTANCE (91)7.4 其它命令 (92)7.4.1 SET_ENERGY_UNIT (92)7.4.2 SET_PLOT_FORMAT (92)7.4.3 MACRO_FILE_OPEN (92)7.4.4 SET_INTERACTIVE (93)7.5 绘制表 (93)第8部分平衡计算模块（POL Y） (94)8.1 引言 (94)8.2 开始 (95)8.3 基本热力学 (95)8.3.1 体系与相 (95)8.3.2 组元（Species） (95)8.3.3 状态变量 (96)8.3.4 组分 (97)8.3.5 条件 (98)8.4 不同类型的计算 (98)8.4.1 计算单一平衡 (98)8.4.2 性质图的Steping计算 (99)8.4.3 凝固路径模拟 (99)8.4.4 仲平衡与T0温度模拟 (99)8.4.5 相图的Mapping计算 (101)8.4.6 势图计算 (101)8.4.7 Pourbaix图计算 (101)8.4.8 绘制图 (101)8.5.4 更高阶相图 (104)8.5.5 性质图 (104)8.6 普通命令 (104)8.6.1 HELP (104)8.6.2 INFORMA TION (104)8.6.3 GOTO_MODULE (105)8.6.4 BACK (105)8.6.5 SET_INTERACTIVE (105)8.6.6 EXIT (106)8.7 基本命令 (106)8.7.1 SET_CONDITION (106)8.7.2 RESET_CONDITION (107)8.7.3 LIST_CONDITIONS (107)8.7.4 COMPUTE_EQUILIBRIUM (107)8.7.6 DEFINE_MATERIAL (108)8.7.6 DEFINE_DIAGRAM (111)8.8 保存和读取POL Y数据结构的命令 (112)8.8.1 SA VE_WORKSPACES (112)8.8.2 READ_WORKSPACES (113)8.9 计算与绘图命令 (114)8.9.1 SET_AXIS_V ARIABLE (114)8.9.2 LIST_AXIS_V ARIABLE (114)8.9.3 MAP (114)8.9.4 STEP_WITH_OPTIONS (115)8.9.5 ADD_INITIAL_EQUILIBRIUM (117)8.9.6 POST (118)8.10 其它有帮助的命令 (118)8.10.1 CHANGE_STA TUS (118)8.10.2 LIST_STA TUS (119)8.10.3 COMPUTE_TRANSITION (120)8.10.4 SET_ALL_START_V ALUES (121)8.10.5 SHOW_V ALUE (122)8.10.6 SET_INPUT_AMOUNTS (122)8.10.7 SET_REFERENCE_STA TE (122)8.10.8 ENTER_SYMBOL (123)8.10.9 LIST_SYMBOLS (124)8.10.10 EV ALUATE_FUNCTIONS (124)8.10.11 TABULATE (124)8.11 高级命令 (125)8.11.1 AMEND_STORED_EQUILIBRIA (125)8.11.3 DELETE_INITIAL_EQUILIBRIUM (126)8.11.4 LIST_INITIAL_EQUILIBRIA (126)8.11.5 LOAD_INITIAL_EQUILIBRIUM (126)8.11.10 SELECT_EQUILIBRIUM (128)8.11.11 SET_NUMERICAL_LIMITS (128)8.11.12 SET_START_CONSTITUTION (129)8.11.13 SET_START_V ALUE (129)8.11.14 PATCH (129)8.11.15 RECOVER_START_V ALUE (129)8.11.16 SPECIAL_OPTIONS (129)8.12 水溶液 (132)8.13 排除故障 (133)8.13.1 第一步 (133)8.13.2 第二步 (133)8.13.3 第三步 (133)8.14 频繁提问的问题 (134)8.14.1 程序中为什么只得到半行？ (134)8.14.2 在已经保存之后为什么不能绘图？ (134)8.14.3 为什么G.T不总是与-S相同？ (134)8.14.4 如何获得组元偏焓 (135)8.14.5 为什么H(LIQUID) 是零而HM(LIQUID)不是零 (135)8.14.6 即使石墨是稳定的为什么碳活度小于1？ (135)8.14.7 如何获得过剩Gibbs能？ (135)8.14.8 当得到交叉结线而不是混溶裂隙时什么是错的？ (135)8.14.9 怎么能直接计算最大混溶裂隙？ (136)第9部分后处理模块（POST） (136)9.1 引言 (136)9.2 一般命令 (137)9.2.1 HELP (137)9.2.2 BACK (137)9.2.3 EXIT (137)9.3 重要命令 (137)9.3.1 SET_DIAGRAM_AXIS (137)9.3.2 SET_DIAGRAM_TYPE (138)9.3.3 SET_LABEL_CORVE_OPTION (139)9.3.5 MODIFY_LABEL_TEXT (139)9.3.6 SET_PLOT_FORMAT (140)9.3.7 PLOT_DIAGRAM (141)9.3.8 PRINT_DIAGRAM (142)9.3.9 DUMP_DIAGRAM (143)9.3.10 SET_SCALING_STA TUS (144)9.3.11 SET_TITLE (144)9.3.12 LIST_PLOT_SETTINGS (144)9.4 实验数据文件绘图命令 (144)9.4.1 APPEND_EXPERIMENTAL_DA TA (144)9.4.2 MAKE_EXPERIMENTAL_DA TAFILE (145)9.5.3 SET_AXIS_LENGTH (147)9.5.4 SET_AXIS_TEXT_STATUS (147)9.5.5 SET_AXIS_TYPE (147)9.5.6 SET_COLOR (147)9.5.7 SET_CORNER_TEXT (148)9.5.8 SET_FONT (148)9.5.9 SET_INTERACTIVE_MODE (149)9.5.10 SET_PLOT_OPTION (149)9.5.11 SET_PREFIX_SCALING (149)9.5.12 SET_REFERENCE_STA TE (149)9.5.13 SET_TIELINE_STA TE (150)9.5.14 SET_TRUE_MANUAL_SCALING (150)9.5.15 TABULATE (150)9.6 奇特的命令 (150)9.6.1 PATCH_WORKSPACE (150)9.6.2 RESTORE_PHASE_IN_PLOT (150)9.6.3 REINIATE_PLOT_SETTINGS (151)9.6.4 SET_AXIS_PLOT_STATUS (151)9.6.5 SET_PLOT_SIZE (151)9.6.6 SET_RASTER_STATUS (151)9.6.8 SUSPEND_PHASE_IN_PLOT (151)9.7 3D图标是：命令与演示 (151)9.7.1 CREATE_3D_PLOTFILE (153)9.7.2 在Cortona VRML Client阅读器中查看3D图 (154)第10部分一些特殊模块 (155)10.1 引言 (155)10.2 特殊模块生成或使用的文件 (156)10.2.1 POL Y3文件 (156)10.2.2 RCT文件 (156)10.2.3 GES5文件 (156)10.2.4 宏文件 (157)10.3 与特殊模块的交互 (157)10.4 BIN模块 (157)10.4.1 BIN模块的描述 (157)10.4.2 特定BIN模块数据库的结构 (161)10.4.3特定BIN计算的演示实例 (162)10.5 TERN 模块 (162)10.5.1 TERN 模块的描述 (162)10.5.2 特殊TERN模块数据库的结构 (166)10.5.3 TERN模块计算的演示实例 (167)10.6 POT模块 (167)10.7 POURBAIX 模块 (167)10.8 SCHAIL 模块 (167)11.2 热化学 (168)11.2.1 一些术语的定义 (168)11.2.2 元素与物种（Elements and species） (168)11.2.3 大小写模式 (169)11.2.4 相 (169)11.2.5 温度与压力的函数 (169)11.2.6 符号 (170)11.2.7 混溶裂隙 (170)11.3 热力学模型 (170)11.3.1 标准Gibbs能 (171)11.3.2 理想置换模型 (171)11.3.3 规则溶体模型 (171)11.3.4 使用组元而不是元素 (172)11.3.5 亚点阵模型—化合物能量公式 (172)11.3.6 离子液体模型，对具有有序化趋势的液体 (172)11.3.7 缔合模型 (173)11.3.8 准化学模型 (173)11.3.9 对Gibbs能的非化学贡献（如铁磁） (173)11.3.10 既有有序-无序转变的相 (173)11.3.11 CVM方法：关于有序/无序现象 (173)11.3.12 Birch-Murnaghan模型：关于高压贡献 (173)11.3.13 理想气体模型相对非理想气体/气体混合物模型 (173)11.3.14 DHLL和SIT模型：关于稀水溶液 (173)11.3.15 HKF和PITZ模型：对浓水溶液 (173)11.3.16 Flory-Huggins模型：对聚合物 (173)11.4 热力学参数 (173)11.5 数据结构 (175)11.5.1 构造 (175)11.5.2 Gibbs能参考表面 (175)11.5.3 过剩Gibbs能 (175)11.5.4 存储私有文件 (175)11.5.5 加密与不加密数据库 (176)11.6 GES系统的应用程序 (176)11.7 用户界面 (176)11.7.1 模块性和交互性 (177)11.7.2 控制符的使用 (177)11.8 帮助与信息的命令 (177)11.8.1 HELP (177)11.8.2 INFORMATION (177)11.9 改变模块与终止程序命令 (178)11.9.1 GOTO_MODULE (178)11.9.2 BACK (178)11.9.3 EXIT (178)11.10 输入数据命令 (178)11.10.4 ENTER_SYMBOL (180)11.10.5 ENTER_PARAMETER (181)11.11 列出数据的命令 (183)11.11.1 LIST_DATA (183)11.11.2 LIST_PHASE_DA TA (183)11.11.3 LIST_PARAMETER (184)11.11.4 LIST_SYMBOL (185)11.11.5 LIST_CONSTITUENT (185)11.11.6 LIST_STATUS (185)11.12 修改数据命令 (185)11.12.1 AMEND_ELEMENT_DA TA (185)11.12.2 AMEND_PHASE_DESCRIPTION (186)11.12.3 AMEND_SYMBOL (188)11.12.4 AMEND_PARAMETER (189)11.12.5 CHANGE_STATUS (191)11.12.6 PATCH_WORKSPACES (191)11.12.7 SET_R_AND_P_NORM (191)11.13 删除数据的命令 (192)11.13.1 REINITIATE (192)11.13.2 DELETE (192)11.14 存储或读取数据的命令 (192)11.14.1 SA VE_GES_WORKSPACE (192)11.14.2 READ_GES_WORKSPACE (193)11.15 其它命令 (193)11.15.1 SET_INTERACTIVE (193)第12部分优化模块（PARROT） (193)12.1 引言 (193)12.1.1 热力学数据库 (194)12.1.2 优化方法 (194)1 2.1.4 其它优化软件 (195)12.2 开始 (195)12.2.1 试验数据文件：POP文件 (195)12.2.2 图形试验文件：EXP文件 (197)12.2.3 系统定义文件：SETUP文件 (197)12.2.4 工作文件或存储文件：PAR文件 (198)12.2.5 各种文件名与其关系 (198)12.2.6 交互运行PARROT模块 (199)12.2.6.3 绘制中间结果 (199)12.2.6.4 实验数据的选择 (199)12.2.6.6 优化与连续优化 (200)12.2.7 参数修整 (200)12.2.8 交互完成的变化要求编译 (201)12.3 交替模式 (201)12.4 诀窍与处理 (201)12.4.4 参数量 (201)12.5 命令结构 (201)12.5.1 一些项的定义 (201)12.5.2 与其它模块连接的命令 (201)12.5.3 用户界面 (201)12.6 一般命令 (201)12.7 最频繁使用的命令 (202)12.8 其它命令 (203)第13部分编辑-实验模块（ED-EXP） (203)第14部分系统实用模块（SYS） (203)14.1 引言 (203)14.2 一般命令 (203)14.2.1 HELP (203)14.2.2 INFORMA TION (204)14.2.4 BACK (205)14.2.5 EXIT (205)14.2.6 SET_LOG_FILE (205)14.2.7 MACRO+FILE_OPEN (205)14.2.8 SET_PLOT_ENVIRONMENT (206)14.3 Odd命令 (207)14.3.1 SET_INTERACTIVE_MODE (207)14.3.2 SET_COMMAND_UNITS (207)14.3.4 LIST_FREE_WORKSPACE (207)14.3.5 PATCH (207)14.3.6 TRACE (207)14.3.7 STOP_ON_ERROR (208)14.3.8 OPEN_FILE (208)14.3.9 CLOSE_FILE (208)14.3.10 SET_TERMINAL (208)14.3.11 NEWS (208)14.3.12 HP_CALCULATOR (208)14.4 一般信息的显示 (209)第15部分数据绘图语言（DATAPLOT） (215)第1部分一般介绍1.1 计算热力学在近十年内与材料科学与工程相联系的计算机计算与模拟的研究与发展已经为定量设计各种材料产生了革命性的方法，热力学与动力学模型的广泛结合使预测材料成分、各种加工后的结构和性能。
美国att话费账单案例
*Additional charges apply. See page 2 for details.Generated on:To learn more about using your phone, go to:/DeviceSupport.Phone Model:My ServiceMy Plan DetailsUsing My PhonencUsing My Voicemail/wireless FREE instant access to our automated bill pay system.DIAL:Send (*225#)611See /StarServices for limits regarding *MIN#/*DATA#.TXT-2-PAY: A monthly text message reminder of your bill — and you can pay just by replying.Web:Wireless Phone:Landline:1-800-331-0500ServicesDIAL:Send (*646#)DIAL:Send (*729)DIAL:Check usage or balance via a FREE text message.DIAL:Send (*3282#)Check data usage via a FREE text message.Set Up Mailbox/Check MessagesPRESS and HOLD to dial your voicemail and follow the prompts.Dial 611 and follow the prompts to reset.To learn more about voicemail features and security, go to: /WirelessVoicemail.Check Messages From Another PhoneForgot Your Password?11. Dial your 10-digit wireless phone number.2. When the greeting begins, PRESS3. 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【4G+(VOLTE)知识】_VoLTE话统指标订阅
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TaKaRa定量PCR介绍
R
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实时荧光定量PCR介绍
August 5, 2021 • 16
TaqMan Probe法原理示意图
热变性
Primer
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Primer Pol.
Two-Step RT-PCR
RT反应
RNA
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实时荧光定量PCR介绍
One-Step RT-PCR
August 5, 2021 • 22
One Step和Two Step RT-PCR的选择
Two-Step RT-PCR 高扩增效率 cDNA使用更加灵活
OOnnee--SSteteppRTR-PTC-RPCR 操作简便 有效降低污染
Real Time PCR的检测方法
SYBR Green I
荧光染料嵌合法 荧光探针法
TaqMan Probe
实时荧光定量PCR介绍
Cycling Probe
Molecular
Beacon
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August 5, 2021 • 13
荧光染料嵌合法（SYBR Green I）
SYBR Green I：是一种能结合于所有dsDNA双螺旋小沟区域的 具有绿色激发波长的染料。
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Small PCR Product
解
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实时荧光定量PCR介绍
August 5, 2021 • 28
Real Time PCR引物设计
Real Time PCR用引物与普通PCR引物设计要求不同
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df17与df18格式 -回复
df17与df18格式-回复18/df17与df18格式是一种数据框格式，它是R编程语言中的一种数据结构。
在本文中，我将逐步回答关于18/df17与df18格式的一些常见问题，以帮助读者更好地理解这种数据框格式。
[1. 18/df17和df18格式的含义是什么？]18/df17和df18是两种用于表示年度数据的数据框格式。
它们通常用于描述在某个时间段内的各种统计指标或测量结果。
其中，“18/df17”表示2018年在数据框中的字段分为两部分，"18"表示2018年的数据，"df17"表示数据框中的字段名。
而"df18"则表示数据框中的字段名为"18"。
这两种格式在数据分析和可视化中都非常常见，因为它们可以清晰地展示每一年的数据变化趋势。
[2. 如何将数据转换为18/df17和df18格式？]在R中，我们可以使用一些函数和技巧将数据转换为18/df17和df18格式。
首先，我们需要将数据以数据框的形式导入R环境中。
然后，我们可以使用dplyr或tidyverse等包中的函数来对数据进行处理和转换。
例如，我们可以使用mutate()函数来创建一个新的字段，将原始数据中的时间戳转换为适当的格式。
然后，我们可以使用separate()函数将字段按照特定的分隔符分割成两部分，其中一部分表示年份，另一部分表示字段名。
最后，我们可以使用gather()函数将这些字段转换为长格式的数据框。
[3. 如何操作和处理18/df17和df18格式的数据？]一旦将数据转换为18/df17和df18格式，我们可以使用各种函数和技巧对数据进行操作和处理。
下面是一些常用的操作和处理方法：3.1 提取特定年份的数据：我们可以使用filter()函数从数据框中选择特定年份的数据。
例如，如果我们想提取2018年的数据，则可以使用filter()函数和适当的条件来实现。
2024年广东人教版中考英语主题复习主题18 自然与环境练习(无答案).doc
主题18 自然与环境【话题词汇】Ⅰ.动物Animal1. insect2.鸟3.蚂蚁4.bee5. butterfly6.pet7.猫8.狗9.兔子10.鸭子11. hen12.马13.奶牛14.绵羊15.猪16.大象17.长颈鹿18.熊猫19.猴子20.蛇21. fox22.熊23.狮子24.老虎25. wolf26. penguin27. shark28. whale29. eagle30. dragonⅠ.动物特征与颜色Characteristic and Color1. characteristic2. wing3. tail4.野生的;野外5.软的;松软的6. smooth7.夜;夜间8.天;白天9. dark 10.光明的;聪慧的11. hunt12. shoot13.利用;使用14.颜色;涂色15.黑色(的)16.白色(的)17.蓝色(的)18.绿色(的)19.红色(的)20.黄色(的)21.粉色(的)22.紫色(的)23. grey24. brown25. silver26. gold27.生长;发育Ⅰ.植物、山川、河流和太空Plant, Mountain, River and Space1.自然2.森林3.植物4.树;树木5. wood6. leaf7.花8.玫瑰9.草10.竹子11.山;山脉12. hill13. rock14.石头15. soil16.江;河17.湖18. pool19.陆地;土地;降落20. island21. ocean22.大海23.海滩24. coast25.沙;沙滩26. desert27.天空28.空间;太空29. star30.月球;月亮31.行星32. universe33. waveⅠ.环境爱护Environmental Protection1.地球;世界2.环境4. litter5.垃圾;废物7.声音;噪声8.人类(的);人的10.空气;大气11. energy12. energetic13. gas14. material15.热度;加热16.上升17. pour18.回收利用19.削减;缩小20. control21.增加22.募集;提高;哺育23.必要的24.可能的25.不行能的26. private27.拥有;自己的28.投;掷29.生产;产生30. effectⅤ.生态平衡Ecological Balance1. endangered animal2.养宠物狗3.挖洞4. feed on5. feed the grass to sheep6.砍伐;削减7.种更多的树8. at night 9. in the day10. go hunting11. used to do sth.12. be/get used to (doing) sth.13. nature balance14.在太空15. explore the universe16.捡起垃圾17.制造噪音18.把废水倒进海里19.实行行动20.失去把握21.至少22. green house effect23. instead of【核心句式】1. 彼得想了解他能做些什么来救助那些濒危动物。
电子计数器10MHz到18GHz 27GHz R5372P 5373P说明书
Automatic Measurement of Maximum FM Deviation(Photo is R5372P)s Pulse Modulated Signal MeasurementThe R5372P/5373P microwave counters feature straightfor-ward operating procedures to measure the important character-istics of radar and other pulse modulated signals. The ex-amples below illustrate measurement of a carrier signal at 9450 MHz with a pulse repetition frequency of 3210 Hz and pulse width of 100 ns.1.Carrier Frequency MeasurementWith the R5372P/5373P in the manual mode, set the fre-quency to 9450.5 MHz, approximating the frequency to be measured (within 9450.5 ± 125 MHz) and set the sample rate to HOLD. Switch the sync mode to internal (rear panel INT.connector) so that if the first gate time value is too short to obtain the required resolution, internal averaging will be performed automatically.2.Repetition Frequency MeasurementAfter performing the same procedure as for carrier fre-quency, use either the detected output from the AUX IN/ OUT connector at the rear panel or provide a signal from an external detector. Input this signal to the input A connector of the R5372P/5373P. Set the input A to the 10 mHz to 10 MHz measurement band (reciprocal mode) to obtain a mea-surement result of 3210.2 Hz in approximately 3 ms with high resolution. This mode overrides the hold on the sampling rate.3.Pulse Width MeasurementTo measure pulse width, set up the counter as for carrier frequency measurement and press the SHIFT and PW keys to obtain a measurement with 10 ns resolution. When measuring pulse modulated signals having a long rise time, the displayed pulse width may exceed the actual pulse width because the pulse width is measured by measuring the threshold level width of the counter. In such cases, connect the output of a detector to input A and adjust the trigger level to enable measurement of the 50% pulse width.s FM Deviation MeasurementThe R5372/5373P’s powerful arithmetic functions make it asimple task to measure FM deviation. Connect the counter as shown in the figure below and select the ∆F mode. It is thenpossible to simply turn the delay knob to determine the maxi-mum and minimum values from the start of measurement and internally calculate the differences later.An external gate signal (50 ns to 0.1 s) synced at any desired amplitude with the modulated signal can also be used for high-accuracy measurement of FM deviation (the frequency change vs amplitude in frequency modulated signals). Specifically, when the required resolution cannot be obtained due to re-duced external gate time (50 ns min.), the averaging mode can be used to obtain high-resolution measurements. This is another application of the enhanced arithmetic functions of these counters.Measurement of FM DeviationFrequency measurement at desired point in pulseby external gate (resolution set at panel)Measurement of Pulse Modulated Wavefmax.fmin.Modulatedsignal fromSTL or FPUT Ffmax.fmin.DelayDelaySignalgeneratoroutputR5372P5373P gateCounter trigger pointSIGNALGENERATOREXTSTARTinputR5372P/5373PSTL or FPUAUX IN/OUT(Detection output)R5372P/5373PInput A AUX IN/OUTSignal(TTL level)R5372P/5373PInput signal(Fx)Input BWaveformdetectorATT0dBm max.(peak)RadertransmitterPowerdividerDirectional couplerFxExternal gate signal(pulse eidth 50 ns to 0.1s)179180SpecificationsInputInput AInput B10 mHz to 10 MHz (DC coupled),500 MHz to 18 GHz (R5372P),10 Hz to 10 MHz (AC coupled)500 MHz to 27 GHz (R5373P)Input impedance Approx. 1 M Ω/60 pF max.Approx. 50 ΩApprox. 50 ΩInput sensitivity 25 mVrms 25 mVrms Input attenuator 0 dB, 20 dB ANSAUTO, 20 dB 500 mVrms/ATT.0 dB 500 mVrms/ANS OFF 0 dBm (ATT.AUTO)5 Vrms/ATT.20 dB 5 Vrms/ANS ON+10 dBm (ATT. 20 dB) 6 Vrms (1 MHz to 10 MHz)Damage level input10 Vrms (400 Hz to 1 MHz) 6 Vrms100 Vrms (DC to 400 Hz)Coupling DC and ACAC AC Trigger level ––Resolution / counting time See Fig. 110 MHz/0.1 µs to 0.1 Hz/10 s decade switched10 MHz/0.1 µs to 0.1 Hz/10 s decade switched Measurement accuracy ±1 count ± time base accuracyMeasurement method ReciprocalDirect countingInput connectorBNCFrequency measurement range10 MHz to 550 MHz –20 dBm (500 MHz to 18 GHz),–15 dBm (18 GHz to 27 GHz)Maximum measurement input+10 dBm/ATT. AUTO +20 dBm/ATT.20 dBN-type (R5372P)SMA-type (with N type adaptor) (R5373P)Approx. –1 V to 1V continuously variable (when –10 V to +10 V/ATT. 20 dB)Digital TRAHETHeterodyne converted direct counting±1 count ± time base accuracy ± residual stability Residual stability: 1/10 ¥ Measured frequency (GHz) (counts rms)* Trigger error: ±0.3% with respect to sinewave input of 40 dB or higher S/N±Trigger error*/no. of measurement cycles ±1 count ±time base accuracy (See Fig. 1 for measurement cycles)Pulse width: 100 ns to 0.1 s (internal syncing)50 ns to 0.1 s (external syncing)Pulse repetition frequency (f R ): 10 Hz to 5 MHzSyncing trigger modes:INT. Internal syncing. Gate is opened and closed in sync with a pulse modulation of the input.EXT. START Gate is opened when an external start signal is received.Triggering is only possible when an internal detector output is on.Trigger input signal (sinewave also usable):1.5V ± (2 to 10) Vp-p Pulse width; 1 µs min.EXT. GATE Gate opens and closes when an external gate signal is received.Gate input signal level: TTL, negative logic Pulse width: 50 ns to 0.1 sLINE Gate opens in sync with power-line frequency. Triggering is only possible when an internal detector output is on.Carrier frequency measurement :Maximum resolution See Fig. 2.Accuracy GW < 200 µs;± 1 count ± time base accuracy ± (Hz rms) ± 5kHz GW ≥ 200µs;± 1 count ± time base accuracy ± (Hz rms)Measurement time (50 µs + ) × ( × )2GW; Gate width (for internal syncing, this is the modulation pulse width minus approx. 50 ns)f R ; Pulse repetition frequencyUnits display GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz, fixed display Modulation pulse width measurement:Pulse width display at the counter input sensitivity level Resolution: 10 nsAccuracy: ± 30 ns ± time base accuracy Units: µs fixed display0.04GW 1GW 1f R1RESOLUTION 1GW Fig. 1 Measuring Time, Resolution and Number ofCycles vs Input FrequencyMaximum resolution:MSD 1 to 2: 9-digit displayMSD 3 to 9: 8-digit display (resolution up to 0.1 mHz)Totalize: (Input A 10 mHz to 10 MHz band)Counting range: DC to 10 MHzCounting capacity: 0 to 9,999,999,999Pulse width measurement: (Input A 10 mHz to 10 MHz band)Range: 50 ns to 1 s (resolution 10 ns, average of 10 pulses)Units: µs (fixed display)Accuracy: ± trigger error √10 ± 1 count ± time base accuracy Trigger error 0.0025Signal slope (V/µs)Pulse Modulation Measurement (MANUAL mode)Measurement ranges :10 MHz to 550 MHz (INPUT A)500 MHz to 18 GHz (INPUT B)/R5372P 500 MHz to 27 GHz (INPUT B)/R5373P(µs)2 × Peak noise voltage Signal slope±(µs)100103.310.330.133m 10m 3.3m 10m0.11101001k 10k 100kInput frequency(Hz)10M3003k 30k 300k 3MM e a s u r i n g t i m e (s )Number of measuring periods 100101102103104105106107(Resolution)(0.1mHz)(1mHz)(10mHz)(0.1Hz)(1Hz)(10Hz)(100 Hz)(0.1mHz)181Power consumption: 120 VA (maximum)External dimensions: Approx. 255 (W) × 132 (H) × 420 (D) mm Mass: 10 kg (maximum)AccessoriesTime BasesTime base stability:StandardOption 21Option 22Option 232 × 10–8/day5 × 10–9/day2 × 10–9/day5 × 10–10/day 8 × 10–8/mo.5 × 10–8/mo.2 × 10–8/mo.1 × 10–8/mo.Long-term stability1 × 10–7/yr 8 × 10–8/yr 5 × 10–8/yr2 × 10–8/yr Temperature characteristic (+25 ± 25°C)±5 × 10–8±5 × 10–8±1 × 10–8±5 × 10–9Aging rateTime base output: Frequency 10 MHz Voltage 1 Vp-p (minimum)Output impedance Approx. 50 Ω, BNC connectorExternal frequency standard input: 1, 2, 2.5, 5 or 10 MHz Voltage 1 to 10 Vp-pInput impedance Approx. 500 Ω, BNC connectorCalculation Functions•Digital comparator function (limits set using keyboard)•Maximum & minimum value hold•Deviation measurement (deviation, maximum, minimum)•Standard deviation •Averaging •PPM•Offset display, drift display •Scaling display•Sum and difference display by automatic measurement of Inputs A and B•Harmonic frequency display •Arithmetic functionsGeneral SpecificationsMeasuring modes (Input B):AUTO: Automatic mode with capture time of approx. 300 ms (from reset until count begins)FM tolerance 10 MHzp-p (minimum)MANUAL: Manual key settings of fixed frequency band; no capture actionBandwidth (FM tolerance)±125 MHz or more (1.4 GHz to 18/27 GHz)±25 MHz or more (0.5 GHz to 1.4 GHz)Sample rate: 50 ms to 5 s continuously variable or HOLDDelay time: 25 µs to 30 ms continuously variable or OFF (from INT/EXT/LINE trigger until count begins)Memory backup: Backup is provided when power is supplied from AC line. When power cable is disconnected, approximately two weeks ’backup is available from built-in Ni-Cd batteries. Full charging of batteries requires 2 to 3 days.Auxiliary input/output: Supports gate signal output, wave detection output, external reset signal input and measurement completed signal output; input/output level, 14-pin TTL connector equivalent to Amphenol 57-40140.Display: 12-digit fixed-point, 7-segment green LED decimal display with memory; character height approx. 11 mmOperating conditions: 0 to 40°C, 85% relative humidity (maximum)Storage temperature range: –20 to +60°CPower requirement: Specified at time of orderingFig. 2 Pulse Width vs Maximum Resolution10M1M100k10k1k1001010.1Previous modelR5372P/5373P100m10m1m100µ10µ1µ0.1µ0.05µ0.5µPulse width(s)M a x i m u m r e s o l u t i o n (H z )Option No.Standard Option 32Option 42Option 44Power supply voltage 90 to 110 V108 to 132 V198 to 242 V216 to 250 V48 to 66 HzItem Model Product codeRemarksPower cable A01402Input cable A01036-1500BNC-BNC Input cable MI-04N-NInput cableA01002SMA-SMA (R5373P only)Options(These options may be added after delivery of the unit by factory retrofitting.)(Either Option 01 or option 02 (not both) can be selected .)Option 01: GPIB interface (IEEE 488-1978)Function Output of displayed data and remote control of front panel key settings Option 02: BCD data outputFunction Parallel output of the nine least significant digits inbinary-coded-decimal form; can be connected to Digital Recorder with 50-pin connector equivalent to Amphenol 57-40500Specifications common to Options 01 and 02:D/A converter analog output: (From AUX IN/OUT connector)Digits converted: 3 least significant digitsOutput voltage: –4.995 V to +4.995 V ± 20 mV (+23° ± 5°C)Output impedance: 100 Ω (maximum)Digital comparator output: (From AUX INPUT/OUTPUT connector) TTL negative logic, open collector Option 21, 22 and 23: Time base oscillator (See Time Base Stability chart above left)Accessories (Sold separately)R16058Transit CaseA02448EIA Rack Mount Set A02248JIS Rack Mount Set。
花绒寄甲荧光定量PCR分析中内参基因的选择
花绒寄甲荧光定量PCR分析中内参基因的选择宋旺;王小纪;郭瑞坚;张伟;张正青;李孟楼【摘要】合适的内参基因是利用实时荧光定量PCR准确分析基因相对表达量的先决条件.以存活时间为6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月、30个月和36个月的花绒寄甲成虫为研究对象,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术,检测了核糖体蛋白11 (RPS),丁二酸脱氢酶复合物(SDHA)、组蛋白(Histone)、泛素结合蛋白(UBC)、cGMP依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅰ(PGK)、延伸因子(EF-1α)、β-肌动蛋白(β-Actin)、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)、核糖体蛋白RPL13 (L13)、α-微管蛋白(α-Tubul in)共10个看家基因mRNA的表达情况.经过geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper 3个统计学程序,综合分析确定RPS基因或α-Tubul in基因在不同存活时间的花绒寄甲中为较佳用于校正目标基因的内参选择,而RPS、GAPDH和α-Tubulin的组合为最佳校正目标基因内参基因组合.【期刊名称】《西北农业学报》【年(卷),期】2015(024)002【总页数】6页(P156-161)【关键词】实时定量PCR;内参基因;花绒寄甲【作者】宋旺;王小纪;郭瑞坚;张伟;张正青;李孟楼【作者单位】西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100;西安市林业技术推广中心,西安710061;西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100;西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100;西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100;西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100【正文语种】中文【中图分类】Q966随着高通量测序技术的发展，多个物种转录组或基因组序列已揭晓，定量研究特定基因表达水平、揭示其功能的研究已日渐增多。
荧光定量PCR(QuantitativeReal-Time PCR)是一种在转录水平上对mRNA 表达量进行定量检测的成熟技术，在基因表达的定量研究中广泛应用[1]。
att的倾向得分加权公式
att的倾向得分加权公式ATT（Attention）是一种用于度量文本情感倾向的算法，它通过对文本中的情感词和情感强度进行加权计算，从而得出该文本的情感倾向得分。
ATT的倾向得分加权公式如下：倾向得分= ∑( 情感词得分 * 情感词强度) / ∑( 情感词强度 )其中，情感词得分表示情感词在文本中的频率，情感词强度表示情感词的情感极性，正值表示积极情感，负值表示消极情感。
在实际应用中，ATT算法被广泛应用于情感分析、舆情监测、产品评价等领域。
它可以帮助企业了解用户对产品或服务的态度和情感倾向，从而制定相应的营销策略和改进措施。
ATT算法的核心思想是将情感词和情感强度进行加权计算。
在计算过程中，情感词的得分起到了关键作用。
情感词得分的计算可以采用不同的方法，如基于词频统计、基于情感词典、基于机器学习等。
不同的方法对情感词的得分计算有不同的侧重点和精度。
为了使得倾向得分更加准确和可靠，ATT算法还考虑了情感词的强度因素。
情感词强度反映了情感词的情感极性，即积极或消极情感。
情感词强度可以通过情感词典中的标注或机器学习的方法进行计算。
通过将情感词得分乘以情感词强度，并将所有情感词的得分加权求和，可以得到文本的情感倾向得分。
ATT算法的优势在于它能够对文本中的情感进行精细化的分析和计算。
与传统的情感分析方法相比，ATT算法更加灵活和准确。
它能够考虑到情感词的频率和情感强度，从而更好地反映文本的情感倾向。
此外，ATT算法还可以根据具体的需求和场景进行定制化的调整和优化，提高情感分析的准确性和适用性。
然而，ATT算法在应用过程中也存在一些挑战和限制。
首先，情感词的得分和情感强度的确定需要依赖于情感词典或训练数据，而这些资源的质量和覆盖范围会对算法的准确性产生影响。
其次，情感词的得分和情感强度可能会因为语境的不同而产生变化，因此在实际应用中需要考虑到文本的上下文信息。
此外，ATT算法对于含有复杂情感或文本语义的情况可能无法准确判断，因此在实际应用中需要结合其他算法或方法进行综合分析。
totalqtd函数
totalqtd函数totalqtd函数是一个用于计算总销售数量的函数。
它接受一个参数，该参数是一个包含不同产品销售数量的列表。
函数将遍历列表并将所有销售数量相加，最后返回总销售数量。
下面是一个例子来说明如何使用totalqtd函数。
假设我们有一个包含不同产品销售数量的列表sales，我们想计算出所有产品的总销售数量。
我们可以调用totalqtd函数，并将sales作为参数传递给它。
函数将遍历sales列表，将销售数量相加，并返回总销售数量。
下面是代码示例：```def totalqtd(sales):total = 0for sale in sales:total += salereturn totalsales = [10, 20, 30, 40]total_sales = totalqtd(sales)print("总销售数量为:", total_sales)```在上面的代码中，我们定义了totalqtd函数，它接受一个参数sales。
函数使用一个变量total来保存总销售数量的累加值。
然后，我们使用一个for循环遍历sales列表，并将每个销售数量加到total上。
最后，函数返回total作为总销售数量。
在上面的示例中，我们使用了一个包含四个销售数量的列表sales。
调用totalqtd函数，并将sales作为参数传递给它。
函数将遍历sales列表，将销售数量相加，并将总销售数量打印出来。
总销售数量为: 100通过使用totalqtd函数，我们可以轻松地计算出任何一组销售数量的总和。
无论是在销售报告中还是在预测分析中，这个函数都可以帮助我们快速准确地计算总销售数量。
总结一下，totalqtd函数是一个用于计算总销售数量的函数。
它接受一个包含不同产品销售数量的列表作为参数，并将销售数量相加得出总销售数量。
通过使用这个函数，我们可以方便地计算出任何一组销售数量的总和，从而更好地进行销售分析和决策制定。
酒店房态名词缩写
酒店房态名词缩写：01.VC Vacant Clean 空的干净房/可卖房02。
VD Vacant Dirty 空的脏房03.OC Occupied Clean 住客干净房04。
OD Occupied Dirty 住客脏房05。
PMU Please Make Up 即扫06。
DND Do Not Disturb 请勿打扰07。
OS Out Of Service 维修房(小）08。
OOO Out Of Order 维修房（大)09.ECO Expectative Check Out 预退房10.D/L Double lock 双锁房11.S/O Sleep Out 外睡房12。
R/S Refuse Service 拒绝服务13.LSG Long Staying Guest 长住客14。
VIP Very Important Person重要客人（贵宾) 15.N/B No Baggage 无行李16。
L/B Light Baggage 少行李17。
C/O Check Out 离店结帐18.C/I Check In 入住登记19.D/U Day Use 小时房20.H/U House Use 自用房21。
T/D Turn Down Service 夜床服务22.R/G Repeated Guest 回头客23。
L/F Lost and Found 客人遗留物品24。
MOD Manager on Duty 值班经理25.SK Standard King 标准单人间26。
ST Standard Twin 标准双人间27。
DS Deluxe Suite 豪华套房28.BS Business Suite 商务套房29.CR Connecting Room 公寓套房30.PA Public Area 公共区域31。
EK Executive King 行政单人间32.ET Executive Twin 行政双人间33。