自控原理Ch1_Introduction
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– Originated in Germany V-1, V-2, and the Rhine daughters missiles during World War II . The guidance precision is low…
V-1
V-2
Rhine daughters
2011/9/7 Chapter 1
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
12
Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology
Brief history:
– In the 1950s, more complex and sophisticated automatic control system has emerged – In the 1960s, the development of microelectronics, computer and modern control theory evolved boosted the control and navigation of aircraft greatly. – In the 1970s, analog automatic flight systems are prevalent – In the 1980s, auto-flight systems adopted digital systems instead of analog systems – In the 1990s, Telex Flight Control expanded the application
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
8
Why are control systems important?
1. Control systems are everywhere：
– Domestic：refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioner, television …… – Industry：batch chemical processes, automobile manufacture, numerical control machine ……
1
Introduction to Control Systems
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ What’s a control system? What’s an automatic control system? Why are control systems important? Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology The Basic Control Ways of Control Systems How to analyze an automatic control system? How to evaluate control systems?
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
6
What’s an automatic control system?
Task of automatic control systems
– Fullfill the task of control systems without the participation of the people. – Automatic control systems are always feedback control systems. ( Feedback will be explained later.)
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
11
Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology
Automatic Pilot
– In 1903, Wright Brothers in U.S. successfully achieved the first manned flight – In 1912, Lawrence Sperry developed the first autopilot—electrical gyro stabilizing device.
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
3
What’s a control system?
Air Conditioner
Examples of control systems
– In domestic domain, we need to regulate the temperature and humidity of homes and buildings for comfortable living. – For transportation, we need to control the automobile and airplane to go from one point to another accurately and safely. – Industrially, manufacturing processes contain numerous objectives for products that will satisfy the precision and cost-effectiveness Driving System requirements. Manufacturing Process
– Space station – Radiative environment
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
10
Introduction to Control Systems
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ What’s a control system? What’s an automatic control system? Why control systems are important? Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology The Basic Control Ways of Control Systems How to analyze an automatic control system? How to evaluate control systems?
Introduction to Aeronautic & Astronautic Control Engineering
Li Huifeng Tel: 82339276 Mail: lihuifeng@ New Main Building B1020
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
7
Introduction to Control Systems
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ What’s a control system? What’s an automatic control system? Why are control systems important? Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology The Basic Control Ways of Control Systems How to analyze an automatic control system? How to evaluate control systems?
3. Control systems can increase production and reduce cost
2011/9/7
Chapter 1systems important?
4. Control systems can reduce labor intensity and liberate the workforces 5. Control systems can improve precision and increase reliability 6. Control systems can play important roles in the places people can not reach
F-16 The earliest application of Telex Flight Control
2011/9/7 Chapter 1 13
Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology
Missile guidance and control system
Modern American intercontinental missile 14
Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology
Brief history:
– In the 1950s, ballistic missile mainly adopted radio/inertial guidance to improve the precision – In the 1960s, inertial system were widely used in anticrafts and missiles, and control technology was developed rapidly. During this period, optical tracking and photoelectric guidance technology were developed. – In the 1980s, the guidance precision of the guidance system has greatly improved.
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
2
Introduction to Control Systems
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ What’s a control system? What’s an automatic control system? Why control systems are important? Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology The Basic Control Ways of Control Systems How to analyze an automatic control system? How to evaluate control systems?
2. Control systems exist in all fields which belong to different disciplines
– Aero-space, chemical engineering, environment, communication, electronics, eletricity, biology, society, economics ……
Control System
c(t) ≈ r(t)
c(t)
A machine without control is always useless.
2011/9/7 Chapter 1 5
Introduction to Control Systems
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ What’s a control system? What’s an automatic control system? Why are control systems important? Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology The Basic Control Ways of Control Systems How to analyze an automatic control system? How to evaluate control systems?
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
4
What’s a control system?
Basic ingredients
Task of control systems
Objectives Excitation Input/Reference r r(t) Results Response Output c
V-1
V-2
Rhine daughters
2011/9/7 Chapter 1
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
12
Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology
Brief history:
– In the 1950s, more complex and sophisticated automatic control system has emerged – In the 1960s, the development of microelectronics, computer and modern control theory evolved boosted the control and navigation of aircraft greatly. – In the 1970s, analog automatic flight systems are prevalent – In the 1980s, auto-flight systems adopted digital systems instead of analog systems – In the 1990s, Telex Flight Control expanded the application
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
8
Why are control systems important?
1. Control systems are everywhere：
– Domestic：refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioner, television …… – Industry：batch chemical processes, automobile manufacture, numerical control machine ……
1
Introduction to Control Systems
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ What’s a control system? What’s an automatic control system? Why are control systems important? Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology The Basic Control Ways of Control Systems How to analyze an automatic control system? How to evaluate control systems?
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
6
What’s an automatic control system?
Task of automatic control systems
– Fullfill the task of control systems without the participation of the people. – Automatic control systems are always feedback control systems. ( Feedback will be explained later.)
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
11
Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology
Automatic Pilot
– In 1903, Wright Brothers in U.S. successfully achieved the first manned flight – In 1912, Lawrence Sperry developed the first autopilot—electrical gyro stabilizing device.
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
3
What’s a control system?
Air Conditioner
Examples of control systems
– In domestic domain, we need to regulate the temperature and humidity of homes and buildings for comfortable living. – For transportation, we need to control the automobile and airplane to go from one point to another accurately and safely. – Industrially, manufacturing processes contain numerous objectives for products that will satisfy the precision and cost-effectiveness Driving System requirements. Manufacturing Process
– Space station – Radiative environment
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
10
Introduction to Control Systems
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ What’s a control system? What’s an automatic control system? Why control systems are important? Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology The Basic Control Ways of Control Systems How to analyze an automatic control system? How to evaluate control systems?
Introduction to Aeronautic & Astronautic Control Engineering
Li Huifeng Tel: 82339276 Mail: lihuifeng@ New Main Building B1020
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
7
Introduction to Control Systems
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ What’s a control system? What’s an automatic control system? Why are control systems important? Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology The Basic Control Ways of Control Systems How to analyze an automatic control system? How to evaluate control systems?
3. Control systems can increase production and reduce cost
2011/9/7
Chapter 1systems important?
4. Control systems can reduce labor intensity and liberate the workforces 5. Control systems can improve precision and increase reliability 6. Control systems can play important roles in the places people can not reach
F-16 The earliest application of Telex Flight Control
2011/9/7 Chapter 1 13
Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology
Missile guidance and control system
Modern American intercontinental missile 14
Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology
Brief history:
– In the 1950s, ballistic missile mainly adopted radio/inertial guidance to improve the precision – In the 1960s, inertial system were widely used in anticrafts and missiles, and control technology was developed rapidly. During this period, optical tracking and photoelectric guidance technology were developed. – In the 1980s, the guidance precision of the guidance system has greatly improved.
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
2
Introduction to Control Systems
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ What’s a control system? What’s an automatic control system? Why control systems are important? Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology The Basic Control Ways of Control Systems How to analyze an automatic control system? How to evaluate control systems?
2. Control systems exist in all fields which belong to different disciplines
– Aero-space, chemical engineering, environment, communication, electronics, eletricity, biology, society, economics ……
Control System
c(t) ≈ r(t)
c(t)
A machine without control is always useless.
2011/9/7 Chapter 1 5
Introduction to Control Systems
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ What’s a control system? What’s an automatic control system? Why are control systems important? Automatic Control & Aerospace Technology The Basic Control Ways of Control Systems How to analyze an automatic control system? How to evaluate control systems?
2011/9/7
Chapter 1
4
What’s a control system?
Basic ingredients
Task of control systems
Objectives Excitation Input/Reference r r(t) Results Response Output c